Frankfurt am Main (Frankfurt am Main) is the fifth largest city in Germany. More often it is called simply Frankfurt. The city is located on the banks of the Main River, where for a long time there was a ferry (Furt). Once these lands were inhabited by the Franks. This is how the name of this city came about - the crossing of the Franks on the River Main.
Today we will take a virtual trip and take a look at Frankfurt am Main and the surrounding area. The sights of this ancient city will surely interest you, and you may want to see them with your own eyes.
General information about the city
It is the largest city in the province of Hesse. Its population is a little over seven hundred thousand people. During the Second World War, this ancient beautiful city was practically destroyed, but later it was rebuilt with great care. Frankfurt is considered to be the second city in the country in terms of living standards. It is a major financial center, a transport hub in Germany and the birthplace of the euro. Here is the Federal Bank of Germany, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Sometimes this city is called "German Chicago".
Frankfurt am Main is a unique city: majestic skyscrapers, symbolizing prosperous Germany, coexist here with unique architectural monuments, business gloss with comfort and originality. For hours you can wander around the business center, admiring the grandiose buildings and magnificent panoramas of the city from the open observation decks located on high-rise buildings.
And nature lovers can enjoy the beauty of the city forest, breathe in the cleanest air and completely escape from the hustle and bustle of the modern city.
The airport
As a rule, tourists begin their acquaintance with this city from the airport. We will not break this tradition either.
The airport impresses with its size all guests coming to the city. Frankfurt has the third (in terms of passenger traffic) hub in Europe. It is second only to Heathrow (London) and Charles de Gaulle (Paris) airports. Frankfurt International Airport, which handles over fifty-three million annually, is ahead of the capital, located in Berlin.
In terms of the scale of freight traffic, it can be considered the second after Charles de Gaulle airport. This air harbor has several names. But officially it is called the Rhine-Main airport. He also has a "double". It is more modest in size
The largest hub in Germany is located twelve kilometers from the city center, and the twin airport is located much further - one hundred and twenty kilometers.
Alt-Sachsenhausen district
The sights of Frankfurt can be divided into several categories: architectural, historical, cultural, natural and modern buildings. Many tourists are interested in the history of this German city. That is why they go first of all to the Alt-Sachsenhausen quarter, however, and many sightseeing routes around the city start from this place.
The name of this area translates as "Old Saxon Houses". Cozy narrow streets, small villas and fairs on Saturdays - all this is to the liking of conservative Germans. This area is also popular because there are many pubs, taverns, restaurants serving all the famous beers and, of course, the famous shanks with sauerkraut for a snack.
I must say that the Germans are not too picky in their gastronomic preferences, but they honor the traditions that relate not only to beer, but also to cider. Locals call it the golden elixir, and the apples from which it is prepared are royal. To understand and appreciate the culture of drinking this delicious drink, it is better to come here in early August. During this time, a fun and colorful Cider Festival takes place here.
Römer Square
The most beautiful square in Frankfurt was named after a building in which Italian merchants used to stay. Römer Square is decorated with magnificent half-timbered houses (XVI century). There is also a town hall with three exquisite Gothic facades. They are decorated with statues of the emperors Charles IV, Maximilian II, Ludwig II, Frederick Barbarossa. The center of the square is occupied by the symbol of the city - a statue of the goddess of justice.
Cathedral
The historical sights of Frankfurt amaze with their grandeur. The cathedral is dedicated to Emperor Charlemagne and Saint Bartholomew. It was founded in the 9th century. In this unique building, the emperors of Germany were elected according to the laws, it was here that their coronation took place in the period from 1562 to 1792.
The cathedral has preserved priceless masterpieces of art dating back to the Gothic period. For example, the altar "Sleeping Mary" (15th century). The gallery today contains original benches of the 14th century and amazing frescoes, which experts attribute to the middle of the 15th century, depicting scenes from the life of St. Bartholomew. Climbing the 328 steps upwards, you can admire the picturesque panorama of the city. Like many sights of Frankfurt, the cathedral was restored in 1994. The works were timed to coincide with the 1200th anniversary of the city.
Church of St. Justin
The oldest building in the city is located in the Hoechst district. The basilica is one of the oldest in Germany. The Church of St. Justin was built in 850. In the Middle Ages, it was expanded with the addition of Gothic choirs, an altar and side chapels. A little later, it was painted with frescoes depicting Christ and the scene of the crucifixion. In different historical periods, the temple was supplemented with new elements of decoration: the Empire pulpit of 1812, wooden figures of saints, a baroque cross.
In the appearance of this church, elements of Carolingian architecture are clearly visible: vaults, Corinthian capitals of arcades, nave. Behind the church there is a magnificent garden with flowers and various medicinal herbs.
Europaturm
It is a modern landmark in the city. The TV tower is located on Ginnheimer Stadtweg, four kilometers from the Imperial Cathedral. Its height is 337.5 meters. Locals rarely call it a tower. They prefer the second name - "Ginheim Asparagus". It also points to the quarter where it is located - Ginnheim.
The construction of the tower began in 1974. The well-known German architect Johannes Morle supervised the work. Within five years, it was put into operation. At that time, the height of the tower was 331 meters, and it was the highest in Germany. After (1990) this status was transferred to
The foundation of the structure lies at a depth of 18 meters, at the foot the diameter of the tower is 20 meters, towards the top it decreases and already at the upper gallery is 11 meters. In 2004, after the introduction of digital satellite TV broadcasting, the antenna was replaced, which increased the height of the structure. This was done using a helicopter. Since the antenna weighed over six tons, the work was carried out in four stages.
Natural History Museum
It will be interesting to visit both adult guests of the city and young travelers. Senckenberg Museum is located in the vicinity of Frankfurt. Today it is the largest institution engaged in research and teaching. On its territory, with an area of \u200b\u200babout six thousand square meters, the most complete collection of interesting exhibits in Germany, which tell about the emergence of life on Earth, is collected.
The Natural History Museum boasts a huge number of dinosaurs and other, now extinct, inhabitants of our planet. One of them is on the emblem of the museum. The collection of ancient animals of enormous size is considered the largest in Europe. In it you can see the 18-meter skeleton of a diplodocus - this is the largest exhibit in the museum.
The department of this species numbers about several thousand insects. And the exhibition of birds presents about two thousand stuffed animals.
Buildings of the New and Old Opera
These sights of Frankfurt hold a special place in the life of the city. The old building was built in 1880. The author of the project was Richard Luke, but during the Second World War it was completely destroyed and until the end of the seventies of the last century the locals sadly called it "The Beautiful Ruins of Germany". In the early eighties of the last century, the building was restored, and classical music sounded within its walls again. Today, opera performances are usually held in the building of the New Opera, while in the old building there are only festive concerts.
Goethe House and Museum
This is the main object of the city associated with the name of the great master. In 1749 a poet was born in this house. Goethe spent his childhood and youth here (until 1765). Four-storey late baroque house.
During the war (1945) the building was destroyed, but by 1951 it was restored, recreating the atmosphere of the middle-class houses of the inhabitants of Frankfurt in the 18th century. The Goethe Museum is located next to the house. This is a small art gallery dedicated to the German-speaking artists who worked during the time of Goethe.
Palmengarten
The Palm Garden in Frankfurt was opened in 1868. Today it is a huge botanical garden, covering an area of \u200b\u200babout twenty two hectares. On its territory there are greenhouses, a lake with bamboo thickets, reminiscent of the landscapes of China, an alpine hill rises nearby, gardens with trees, shrubs and herbs are laid out. The palm garden in Frankfurt is famous for its abundance of flowers. They delight with magnificent flowering and aromas almost all year round. As soon as one variety fades, a new one is planted in its place, which pleases guests with a riot of colors.
For delicate and rare flowers, a separate pavilion is allocated - Bluetenhaus. On this territory (200 sq. M.) Cold and warm zones are provided. Here you can admire azaleas and camellias, orchids and other tropical rarities. Prairies and deserts, steppes and humid jungles, mountain forests - it seems that the Frankfurt Palm Garden has a place for all ecosystems. Mangoes and pineapples, dates and coconuts, ferns and cacti, and mangrove trees grow beautifully, bloom and savor here.
If you are traveling with children, be sure to visit the Butterfly Pavilion, where there are over a hundred species of these magnificent creatures. Flocks of butterflies flutter in three rooms, sit on visitors, feast on orange and apple slices.
Millions of European roads converge in Frankfurt am Main, Germany's largest bus station and the continent's second largest airport. In the distant VIII century, the city was the capital of the East Frankish kingdom, since the 16th century German emperors began to be crowned here.
The historic center of Frankfurt is built up with picturesque half-timbered houses that form the familiar look, "burgher" trade image of the city. The taverns offer traditional apple wine and Frankfurt sausages with the seven-herb green sauce, a unique culinary invention of the Hesse region.
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What to see and where to go in Frankfurt?
The most interesting and beautiful places for walking. Photos and a short description.
A modern city block built up with skyscrapers. Here is the headquarters of the European Central Bank and the main offices of other financial institutions. The most famous high-rise buildings in the quarter are the Commerzbank Tower 259 meters high, the Messeturm 256 meters high and the Main Tower 200 meters high. Some skyscrapers are allowed free access. On the top floors there are restaurants and observation decks.
The central square of the historical part of Frankfurt am Main, built up with buildings in the architectural style of half-timbered. For many centuries, the coronation of German rulers took place here. Römerberg is also famous for the fact that the Frankfurt fair was held here. The historical appearance of the square was restored by 1986. After the destruction of the Second World War, the restorers had to do a lot of work.
The building of the Frankfurt City Hall, or rather - a complex of structures, consisting of three buildings. "Römer" means "Roman" in translation. In the 15th century, the city authorities bought out two private houses for their own needs, one of them was called “the house of a Roman”, thus the name “Römer” was assigned to the building of the city council. Inside the town hall there are several magnificent halls where festive receptions were held in honor of the coronation of the rulers.
The central city square, where the building of the main guard house of Frankfurt is located. It also housed a prison. The guardhouse lost its military significance after the annexation of the city to Prussia. Later, a police station was located here. Since the beginning of the 20th century, a cafe has been operating in the premises. In the 50s. The guardhouse was rebuilt, and in this form it still exists.
A section of the embankment on the southern bank of the Main River between the Friedensbrücke and Eiserner Steg bridges. Several museums are located here on a small territory. The place is the cultural center of Frankfurt am Main, and various events are often held here. The most significant of them are the night of museums and the festival on the museum embankment. On Saturdays, the city's "flea market" takes place on the embankment.
Museum of Natural History, created at the initiative of the scientific community at the beginning of the 20th century. It is named after I. Senckenberg, a German naturalist and botanist of the 18th century. The museum contains an impressive collection of dinosaur skeletons, one of the most prominent in the world. The fossil remains of ancient animals, birds and the first people are of scientific value.
The museum collection grew out of a private collection of Orthodox icons by the German physician Schmidt-Voigt. He collected exhibits from all over the world - not only from "Orthodox" territories, but also from African countries. Already in old age, the collector donated his collection to the city. The exposition was placed in the building of a former monastery that belonged to the Teutonic Order.
An extensive exhibition founded in the second half of the 19th century. In order to accommodate all the artifacts of the museum, it took two whole buildings. The first building is a historic villa from 1803, the second is a modern building designed by R. Meyer. The age of individual copies stored in museum funds is more than 6 thousand years. In total, the collection has about 30 thousand items.
The museum's collections are located on the territory of the 12th century palace complex. The exhibits tell about the history of Frankfurt am Main, about the development of urban culture. The museum's funds contain more than 3 thousand paintings, 76 thousand drawings, prints and maps, about 300 thousand photographs. As well as collections of medieval weapons, furniture, toys, coins and clothes.
The former home of the great German thinker, philosopher, writer I.V. Goethe. Within the walls of this house, the genius spent his childhood and youth. Unfortunately, the original interior was destroyed during World War II, but the restorers managed to restore the interior. It was here that Goethe created the first sketches of his famous work "Faust".
A grandiose Renaissance building dating back to 1880. The stage opened with the performance of the opera Don Giovanni by V.A. Mozart. This performance was attended by Kaiser Wilhelm I. The building was completely destroyed as a result of air raids on the city during World War II. The ruins lay for several decades, because the opera was not going to be restored. But in the end, it was decided to completely reconstruct and restore the building in its historical appearance.
The main city temple, which bears the official name of the Imperial Cathedral of St. Bartholomew. It was founded over 800 years ago. In the period from the middle of the 16th to the end of the 18th century, coronations of the rulers of the Holy Roman Empire were held here. Earlier, in the first centuries of our era, on the site of the cathedral there was a palace chapel of the Frankish dynasty of the Merovingians and then the Carolingians who replaced them.
The former Lutheran Church, where the first constitution of a unified Germany was adopted. The building was destroyed during the war and rebuilt in 1948. But by that time the church had already lost its religious functions. Since 1951, the Peace Prize has been awarded here annually, as well as book fairs and literary exhibitions. The church is considered a symbol of German democracy.
One of the oldest churches in Germany. Presumably, the temple appeared in the 9th century. From the 11th century, it passed into the possession of the Dominican Order, and from the 15th century, the brothers of the Order of the Anthonites ruled the temple. There are many ancient Christian relics kept inside. The Church of St. Justin is surrounded by a garden with medicinal plants, which are actively used by the clergy.
Europatum is the tallest TV tower and skyscraper in Western Europe (337 meters). When it was built in 1979, the building was much smaller - 295 meters, but as a result of the reconstruction in 2004, a 42-meter part was added to it. The tower is owned by a German telecommunications company and is closed to the public. Europatum became the first television tower in the city.
One of the tallest skyscrapers in the city - 240 meters. The building consists of 56 floors and 4 underground levels. Maintower was built in 1999, it was the first skyscraper in Europe, whose facade was completely covered with glass. There is an observation deck on the roof, where a high-speed elevator leads. The site is popular with tourists, as it offers a magnificent view of the city, and there is also a restaurant.
Medieval fortification, preserved from the 15th century. The Eschenheim Tower was part of the powerful defense system of Frankfurt, consisting of 60 towers and thick walls. It is a neo-Gothic structure with battlements and a central spire. Nowadays, the tower houses a restaurant favored by tourists, and the security room is adapted for a mini-hotel.
Reputable German stock exchange founded in the 16th century. In those early days, she provided the needs of the Frankfurt fair. Today the exchange is one of the key platforms in Europe. It is located in an elegant 19th century mansion in the neo-Renaissance architectural style. In front of the building, by tradition, there are exchange symbols - sculptures of a bull and a bear.
A modern shopping area with dozens of boutiques, shops, restaurants, entertainment venues, a swimming pool, a sports club, and a multi-level underground garage. The structure was built in 2009, the project budget is 960 million euros. The shopping center harmoniously blended with the modern architecture of Frankfurt and quickly became a popular attraction.
Shopping street, one of the busiest in the city. It is here that all guests of the city rush to shop. Here, a large number of products of recognizable brands are presented. Numerous cafes and restaurants are always filled to capacity with tourists taking a break from shopping. There is a farmer's market on Konstablerwache square where you can buy local products such as cheese, wine, vegetables and other natural products.
The structure connects the Old Town and Sachsenhausen. Up to the 70s. In the 19th century, it was the only crossing of the Main River. The bridge appeared during the Middle Ages, since then it has been rebuilt many times. A legend is connected with him: the devil offered help to the master who built the bridge. In return, he asked for the soul of the first person to cross the crossing, but the cock was the first to cross the bridge, so the demon got away with nothing.
Crossing the Main River, built in the 19th century, and eventually turned into a city landmark. The bridge was erected as a result of an urgent need, as more paths were needed to connect the city center with its southern districts. As a result of increased public pressure on the magistrate, the authorities approved the project and found funding.
The zoological garden is located in the city center. It owes its existence and prosperity to the active creative work of the director B. Grzimek, who managed to restore the zoo after a devastating war. Today, more than 4 thousand animals (400 species in total) live on the territory of the zoo. Popular entertainment includes a visit to the pavilion of nocturnal animals, where you can watch the life of aardvarks and bats.
City park, laid out with financial assistance from the Bethmann family of bankers The highlights of the park are the chess playground, where a huge playing field is laid out right on the asphalt, and the Chinese garden, planned in strict accordance with the principles of Feng Shui. The park is decorated with flower beds, shady alleys and decorative lawns, among which it is pleasant to spend warm summer evenings.
The botanical garden, covering an area of \u200b\u200b22 hectares, is considered one of the largest in Germany. The garden was opened in 1871; H. Sismayer worked on the landscape design of the area. Almost 9 hectares of territory are occupied by palm trees of all kinds, hence the name "Palmgarten" (Palm Garden). The park is designed for a relaxing family vacation or leisurely walks.
Nestled on the Main River, Frankfurt is the largest city in the province of Hesse and the fifth largest city in Germany after Berlin, Hamburg, Munich and Cologne. It is also the business, transport and financial center of the country. The headquarters of the European Central Bank and the German Stock Exchange are located here. The city of Frankfurt am Main hosts world renowned trade shows such as the Frankfurt Motor Show and the popular book fair. The specificity of the architecture is such that it is here that many of the tallest buildings in continental Europe are located.
A bit of history
The exact date of the beginning of the formation of Frankfurt am Main is unknown, but, according to written sources, in the story of the fortress of the Frankish peoples there is a mention of the city on February 22, 794. Intensive development contributes to the fact that since 843 Frankfurt is designated as the main city of the East Francs. More than 855 German kings and emperors were elected here. In 1372 Frankfurt becomes a free imperial city.
Since 1562, all emperors have been crowned here. However, in 1792, after the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire, the tradition was suspended, after which the city entered the Union of Rhine, and in 1815 received the status of free. The federal government is also located here. For some period, there is a decline in development, and the city loses its independence.
The end of the Great Patriotic War and the post-war years
In the last months of the Great Patriotic War, Frankfurt am Main was brutally bombed by American troops. But in spite of everything, the city began to develop rapidly since 1949, and only because of a number of historical, political and strategic considerations when choosing the capital of post-war West Germany, preference was given to Bonn.
Difference from other German cities
The tallest buildings in Germany and many significant for all of Europe are located in the city of Frankfurt am Main. Sights, parks and squares, despite the business atmosphere of banking districts, make the city attractive to tourists from many countries. Skyscrapers amaze with their innovative solutions. Most of the high-rise buildings are designed and built with the participation of American specialists. Tour guides are happy to organize excursions around the business district, as each skyscraper has its own distinctive feature.
One of the modern landmarks of the city is the Main Tower. The fourth tallest skyscraper in the world is the only high-rise building open to visitors. Taking the elevator up to the observation platform, you can enjoy the stunning views of the cityscape. Here, in the restaurant "Main Tower", you can have a delicious lunch.
Germany's Heavenly Gateway Important to Europe
There is an international airport in this city. Frankfurt am Main is the largest air harbor on the European continent. The airport is considered the most popular in Germany and is the third busiest in Europe. More than 54 million passengers pass through it every year. Huge territories with a well-functioning infrastructure make it possible to receive and release a huge number of aircraft. Lufthansa's aircraft are based here in Terminal 1, which mainly serves Lufthansa flights. Terminal 2 is intended for use by other airlines such as AirBerlin, British, Airways, Tarom, Aer Lingus.
The main source of information on arrival and departure for passengers arriving at the airport is the board. Frankfurt am Main is the starting point or destination for more than 100 scheduled lines and about 50 charter flights that carry air passengers from around the world. For the convenience of passengers, both terminals are connected by an overhead railway line.
Thus, one of the largest infrastructure facilities in the city is the airport. Frankfurt am Main can rightfully be called the most important link in the European transport system.
Frankfurt airport - interesting facts
There are currently nearly 1,300 take-offs and landings per day. About 2.5 million tons of cargo is handled here and accepted for transportation by various airlines. Not even a minute passes without a plane landing. Frankfurt am Main, represented by the airport, is the country's largest employer. More than 78,000 employees work in various services. With the commissioning of a new runway in the north-western part of the airport, the load will increase to 700,000 take-offs and landings per year. The airport is currently capable of accommodating about 475,000 aircraft.
sights
Frankfurt am Main is not your typical tourist city. Anyone who comes here for the first time, this metropolis makes a strong impression. Everything here is different from any other German city.
Goethe's house. Frankfurt is home to one of the most famous German writers, whose work is familiar to people from all over the world. The house of Johann Wolfgang von Goette was destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, but was rebuilt afterwards. Thanks to original furniture, paintings and books belonging to the Goethe family, it was possible to restore and recreate the atmosphere that reigned here during the life of the great German poet, writer, playwright and prose writer. Here visitors are shown, among other things, the office behind which the artist of the word wrote his most famous works.
St. Paul's Church, in the German interpretation - Paulskirche, was built between 1789 and 1833 as a symbol of the revival of German democracy. Its premises were used for political meetings, and here in 1848 the German parliament was elected. Today the building of St. Paul's Church is used for exhibitions and special events in Frankfurt am Main.
Zeil Merchant Street is a lively pedestrian area and major shopping destination in the city of Frankfurt am Main. Until now, visitors call this territory "German Fifth Avenue". The modern international center Zeilgalerie consists of ten floors and invites everyone to find what they need. It has everything from luxurious and expensive boutiques to in-store goods available to any visitor.
Zenkenberg Museum is the largest natural history museum in Germany. It houses thousands of exhibits, from Egyptian mummies to amphibian fossils. But the main exhibit that attracts tourists is the dinosaur skeleton, one of the largest in Europe. The museum houses some of the richest and most diverse collections in the world, as well as over 2,000 bird reproductions.
Modern Art Museum is famous not only for its rich collections, including the works of Roy Lichtenstein, Joseph Beuys, Andy Warhol and Gerhard Richter, but also for the architecture itself. The building by architect Hans Pölzig was erected in 1981 and has a triangular shape. Locals compare it to a piece of cake for this. The museum is open to visitors from Tuesday to Sunday from 10.00 to 18.00.
In the Botanical Garden (Palmengarten), which was established in 1868, you can see a collection of exotic plants. Crops from the savannas and rainforests of Africa, as well as typical European gardens, are present here. The greenhouses are located on an area of \u200b\u200b50 hectares, and they grow more than 6,000 botanical species from around the world. Tropicarium is one of the largest greenhouse complexes. Here you can see various types and varieties of tropical plants: orchids, bromeliads, palms, ferns and others.
More than 100 street festivals are held in Frankfurt am Main. The sights, and the whole city as a whole, these days are transformed due to the fact that everything around is filled with pure vitality and fun.
Frankfurt am Main (German. Frankfurt am Main) or simply Frankfurt, is the fifth largest city in Germany and is located on the banks of the Main River, which is why its name originated. It is an important transport and financial center of the country. Here are the branches of the largest banks on the continent. The transport infrastructure of the city is established in accordance with the best world standards, and the standard of living of the townspeople is considered one of the highest in Germany. The city has many architectural and historical sights, museums, cultural institutions, parks, entertainment venues and sports complexes. In terms of the number of skyscrapers, the city ranks second in Europe, after Paris. By the way, there are two cities in Germany with the name Frankfurt. The second is called Frankfurt an der Oder and is located in the Brandenburg region.
Guardhouse (German Hauptwache) - the central square of Frankfurt am Main
Hundreds of thousands of guests come to this metropolis annually and are comfortably accommodated in cozy and modern hotels. One of the features of Frankfurt am Main is the abundance of exhibitions and fairs. Most often, these events are dedicated to the automotive industry, music and books.
Interestingly, this German metropolis has virtually no unemployment. A significant part of the population lives outside the city, but works within the city limits. So on weekdays there are over 1,000,000 people in the city. Such an influx of people causes huge traffic jams, despite the well-established transport infrastructure.
Cozy pedestrian areas, small specialty and second-hand shops, cafes and bistros - this is Frankfurt, which attracts millions of travelers with its charm and excellent conditions for recreation.
How to get to Frankfurt am Main?
Aeroflot, Lufthansa and S7 operate direct flights to Frankfurt from Moscow, the German carrier also has a flight to St. Petersburg. The average flight time between Moscow and Frankfurt is 3 hours 30 minutes. You can also fly to Frankfurt in transit through many other cities, for example, Riga (AirBaltic), Istanbul (Turkish Airlines, Pegasus Airlines) or, say, Athens (Aegean).
Airfare Moscow - Frankfurt - Moscow
You can also get to Frankfurt am Main by rail on the 023Y Moscow - Paris train, which departs from the Belorussky railway station. Travel time will be a little less than 30 hours. You can buy an e-ticket online on the Russian Railways website.
You can also get to Frankfurt by international bus. The Ecolines company offers flights through Riga, and Intercars through Minsk, but this is for extreme lovers, and there is no savings.
What to see in Frankfurt?
(it. Kaiserdom St. Bartholomäus) Is one of the most striking sights of the city. The cathedral traces its history from the Merovingian palace chapel (VI century), the Carolingian palace chapel (VIII-IX century) and the Basilica of the Savior (German. Salvatorbasilika) (IX-XIII century), standing at this place earlier. In the XIII century, the building of the basilica was partially rebuilt and completed - this time is considered the beginning of the era of the Cathedral of St. Bartholomew in Frankfurt.
It is interesting that this temple is not a cathedral of the bishopric, since it was never an episcopal residence, but always was a Kaiser cathedral, because it was here that German kings were elected from 1356, and from 1562 to 1792 they even held coronations, as a result of which the status was raised to the Imperial. In the 19th century, the cathedral was considered a symbol of national unity.
The height of the cathedral is 95 meters.
The upper part of the skull of St. Bartholomew is kept in the temple. The relic is open for viewing on holidays. Saint Bartholomew has been considered the patron saint of the cathedral since 1238.
(it. Paulskirche) was built in the period from 1789 to 1833 and until 1944 was the main Lutheran church in Frankfurt. Here from 1848 to 1849. meetings of the first German parliament took place. During World War II, the temple was almost completely destroyed, but quickly rebuilt. Since May 18, 1948 it has the status of a national monument of Germany and is called "House of All Germans" (German. Haus aller Deutscher). The premises are currently used to organize all kinds of social events.
Roman square (it. Römerplatz) - the most beautiful square of Frankfurt, takes its name from the old town hall located here, which is called Römer (German Römer - "Roman"). The town hall itself got its name from the middle of the three previously independent buildings, which was called "House of the Roman" (German. Haus zu Römer). The Town Hall, like the entire square, is one of the main symbols of Frankfurt am Main. Being on the square, the traveler finds himself in a typical German town with medieval houses. In the center of Remerplatz stands the Justice Fountain. On the south side of the square is church of St. Nicholas (it. Alte Nikolaikirche), which was consecrated in 1290.
Buildings of the New and Old Opera occupy a special place in the life of Frankfurt am Main. The Old Opera was erected in 1880 by the project of the architect Richard Luke, but during World War II it was completely destroyed until the end of the 70s. The 20th century was often jokingly called “The Beautiful Ruins of Germany”. In the early 80s. of the last century, the building was restored, and classical melodies sounded there again. However, today opera performances are mainly held in the building of the New Opera, and only festive concerts are organized in the old building.
(it. Goethe-Haus) Is the main object in Frankfurt associated with the name of the great poet. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was born here in 1749 and lived until 1765. The house is a four-storey late baroque building. During World War II, the building was destroyed, but already between 1947 and 1951. restored as close as possible to its original appearance, giving an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat the atmosphere was like in the houses of the moderately wealthy inhabitants of Frankfurt in the 18th century. Goethe's house is located at 23 Großer Hirschgraben boulevard, about 700 m west of the Imperial Cathedral.
Next door to the Goethe house is goethe Museum (it. Goethe-Museum). This is an art gallery dedicated to German-speaking artists from the time of the great poet.
Goethe House in Frankfurt am Main
(it. Hauptwache) is a baroque building, built in 1730 for use as a prison. The name of the building gave the name to the surrounding square and the traffic junction below it. The building is currently located at the end of the Zeil street, one of the busiest shopping streets in Frankfurt.
Church of St. Justin (it. Justinuskirche) Is the oldest building in Frankfurt, its construction began in 826 by decree of Otgar, Archbishop of Mainz, and was completed in 850. Located in the Höchst district (about 10 km west of the historic city center). The facade of the church faces the city, and on the side of the river there is a garden with flowers and medicinal herbs.
The granary is considered the most grandiose modern architectural structures of the city. Henningerturm (it. Henninger-Turm), telecommunication tower Europaturm (it. Europaturm) and goethe tower (it. Goetheturm) 43 meters high, erected in 1931 entirely of wood and located in the town of Sachsenhausen, in the forest. The Henningerturm granary, built in 1959-1961, is one of the popular tourist destinations. Here, at a height of one hundred meters, there are 2 revolving restaurants, as well as an observation deck. Europaturm is considered the tallest tower of the metropolis, its height is 337.5 meters.
When visiting Frankfurt, be sure to try the famous Frankfurt apple cider "Apfelwein", whose name in the local dialect sounds like "Ebbelwoi", as well as the "Frankfurter Kranz" pie.
Frankfurt am Main aerial view
You can see the whole city from a bird's eye view by visiting the open observation deck located at the top skyscraper Main Tower... It ranks 4th in Germany in terms of height, which is 200 meters. The site is open from 10.00 am and the cost of an adult ticket is 6.50 EUR. The site is not too big, but what you see is simply mesmerizing, both from the fact that the city below is so miniature, and from the fact that you can wonderfully see the neighboring skyscrapers. In a strong wind, access is closed, but there is still a chance to look at the city, you can visit the restaurant with a panoramic view, located on the floor below. You can find detailed and up-to-date information on the website: www.maintower.de.
Sightseeing tram in Frankfurt am Main
Another fun way to explore Frankfurt is to take the Ebbelwey Express (German) sightseeing tram. Ebbelwei-Expreß), named after the popular drink here - Ebbelwoi. The locals call this apple cider. Unfortunately, the tram operates only on weekends and holidays. It works on the hop on - hop off principle, i.e. you can get off at any stop, then sit down again and move on. The full tour takes about an hour. Ticket price for adults 8 EUR, for children under 14 years 3.50 EUR. The fare includes a choice of a bottle of apple cider, apple juice or mineral water and a bag of pretzels. You can view the timetable and the route on the website: www.ebbelwei-express.com.
The Historisches Museum in Frankfurt am Main was founded in 1878. It includes cultural and historical sites related to the history of the city. In 1955 he moved to Saalhof. In 1972 the museum was reopened in Franufurth am Main.
The museum has several permanent exhibitions in chronological order: "Medieval Frankfurt", "Late Middle Ages", "Time from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century", "Frankfurt of the nineteenth century and its history" and "Frankfurt as a metropolis from 1866 to 2001". Various exposures are also held on a special display.
Modern Art Museum
The Museum of Modern Art (Museum fur Moderne Kunst) houses one of the most famous collections of modern art in Europe. These are mainly pop art, object art and spatial installations. These are the works of Andy Warchhod, Kles Oldenburg, Roy Lichtenstein, Joseph Beius and Rainer Rutenbeck.
The museum has been continuously expanding its collection of American and European art from 1960 to the present day and organizes exhibitions of young artists and new art forms.
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Jewish Museum
The Jewish Museum (Judisches Museum), housed within the walls of the former Rothschild Palace on Unternmainkai, is dedicated to the history of Jewish communities in Frankfurt and Germany. In particular, topics such as the first Jewish settlements of the 12th century, the end of the Frankfurt ghetto, the struggle for social integration and the re-beginning of Jewish communities after 1945. With the help of household items and cult, it tells about everyday existence and holidays in the synagogue and at home. In contrast to the second Jewish Museum on Kurt-Schumacher Strasse, the Museum at No. 10 shows more of a religious side than an everyday one.
The airport is located 12 km from the center of Frankfurt at the intersection of two busy motorways, one of which is the Autobahn. The location of the airport allows it to be used profitably and to develop not only transport services, but also a number of additional services for business, such as office rental.
The airport is open during the day and evening from 5 am to 11 pm. Night flights and aircraft reception are prohibited by a court decision.
The airport has two terminals and 4 runways. A separate terminal receives and departs Lufthansa passengers.
The internal infrastructure of the terminals is a modern waiting room, which presents the entire list of related services: shops, cafes, restaurants, banks, free Internet access, a lounge for VIPs. The airport has developed transport links with Frankfurt and other cities. You can come by any land transport: car, train, bus, taxi. You can rent a bike to get around the airport from terminal to terminal.
Communication Museum
The Museum fur Kommunikation, founded in 1995, is located on the famous Schaumainkai waterfront in Frankfurt. The expositions of the Museum of Communications are devoted to the development of communications in the field of mail and television.
Here you can see old telephones, faxes, telegraphs and much more. The museum is open to the public on all days except Monday.
Museum of Applied Arts
The Museum of Applied Arts (Museum fur Angewandte Kunst) was founded in 1985 in Frankfurt am Main on the Museum Embankment.
The exhibition occupies two buildings: the Metzler villa, built in 1803, and a new building, built in 1985 by the American architect Richard Meier in the park adjacent to the villa.
The museum displays more than 30 thousand various exhibits of European and Asian decorative and applied art from ancient times to the present day: Persian carpets and faience of the 9th century, Rococo furniture, glassware of the 15th century, modern digital graphics. The museum also has a library.
Museum of Applied Arts
The Museum of Applied Arts in Frankfurt am Main was founded in 1877. It is located in two buildings at once - the museum's exposition is so extensive. One of these buildings is Villa Metzler, built in 1803, the second is a modern one, designed by Richard Meier (1985) in the park next to the villa. The museum has found its place on the famous Museum Embankment (Shaumainkai).
The exposition of the Museum of Applied Arts has more than 30 thousand works collected from all over the world. There are examples of decorative and applied art from the Far East, Islamic and European countries from ancient times to the present day, some of the exhibits are more than 6 thousand years old. Noteworthy are collections of Persian carpets, unique Baroque furniture, Renaissance glassware (part of it was created in Venice), samples of modern digital graphics.
The modern building of the museum is itself a work of art - it has an original lighting system and unusual architectural solutions.
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River Main
The Main is the longest intra-German river, as well as the longest right tributary of the Rhine, with a length of about 570 km. In addition, the Main is the only river in Central Europe that flows from east to west, which is very unusual for Central European rivers. Mine is formed by the merger of two sources - Red Mine and White Mine. The latter originates 22 km northeast of the city of Bayreuth, near Mount Fichtel, and the Red Main - in a mountain pasture, 12 km south of Bayreuth. The name of the river comes from the Celtic language, where it sounds like Mogin or Moin. In the 1st century BC, the Romans Latinized it into "Moenus", and the river received its modern name only in the middle of the 14th century.
Cities such as Kulmbach, Bayreuth, Frankfurt am Main and Würzburg are located on the River Main. The length of its navigable part is about 400 km. Several of the largest river ports are located on this stretch. Tourists are offered various excursion tours on comfortable motor ships, as well as a hiking trail and a bicycle path along the river.
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