The most Russian type of recreation is experiencing its seasonal heyday: in winter, the number of visitors to public baths increases significantly. It is no longer possible to associate established stereotypes with some baths: the new ones are more like health complexes, while the old ones are being rebranding and reopening after large-scale renovations. The Village selected a dozen of the city's most notable baths and discussed their pros with regulars.

Sandunovskie baths

Working hours

08:00−22:00,
cleaning day - Tuesday

Price

1,500-2,300 rubles /
2 hours

Bather

1 320 rubles

SPA, beauty salon, restaurant, laundry

Sanduny - the main city baths, with a two-hundred-year history. You can go here not only for physical, but also for aesthetic pleasure: in the highest male category there is an Empire style fireplace room, a Gothic room, a Turkish room and an antique pool. Other categories look simpler, but, apart from the interiors, there are practically no differences: it is believed that the quality of service in Sanduny is the best in Moscow. Films have been filmed in Sanduny more than once, excursions and Hollywood actors are taken here, but not everyone likes it: opponents of the Sanduny complain that they feel like they are in a museum here. Employees also publish a newspaper of the same name and actively work with social networks, making discounts for check in and Instagram subscriptions.

Elena Ivanova

HR manager

My sister and I have a tradition - to go to Sanduny on Fridays every three weeks. Fridays are crowded in the ladies' category, but it's still a good time to get some strength before the weekend. Among other things, you come here for the atmosphere, for this historical feeling. According to observations: women who cook a steam room every 45 minutes are regular visitors themselves and do it simply because they like it. The categories of women differ in the number of people: in the higher, they are more free and the steam room works constantly. Among the services I like "Soap Washing" - a very high-quality massage of the whole body with the use of gels, moreover, they do not look at the time and instead of 40 minutes they often do an hour. During the time that I walk, there was not a single complaint - everything here is at a high level.

Krasnopresnenskie Baths

Working hours

08:00−23:00,
Mon. 08: 00-22: 00

Price

1,200-1,700 rubles /
2 hours

Bather

700 rubles

SPA, hairdresser, beautician, Presnya cafe

The main competitor of the Sandunovskiye Baths - the regulars here traditionally consider them to be stupid and pretentious. The price category and audience are about the same, but there is more bandwidth and many additional cosmetic procedures are offered - they even do Ayurvedic massage with herbal bags. The bath attendants prepare a steam room approximately every 40 minutes. The restaurant, in addition to the main one, has an extensive Japanese menu - udons, fried rice, three types of miso soup and rolls.

Alexey Chagin

For me there are two baths where you can relax and feel a certain spirit of the city - these are Sanduny and Krasnopresnenskie. The highest ranks are similar there: everything is clean and friendly staff. In Krasnopresnenskie, an important plus is that the steam room is regularly ventilated and new steam is made. The bath attendants can really steam up well - an ordinary visitor will not be able to do the same. Delicious cuisine, I recommend the shrimp. Household details like chips on cups can spoil the impression a little.

Warsaw Baths

Working hours

09:00−23:00,
Sat-Sun 08: 00-23: 00

Price

1,500 rubles / 3 hours

Bather

from 1,000 rubles

beauty salon, massage, beautician, Shaika-Lake restaurant

Warsaw Baths have been operating since 1938, and recently a new milestone has begun in their history - after reconstruction in 2012, they turned into a wellness complex with an author's design and began to cooperate with the Ginza Project. The decoration of steam rooms, dressing rooms and washing rooms have nothing to do with the ornate interiors of Sanduny and the post-Soviet chic of Krasnopresnenskie baths. The local restaurant's menu contains several dozen items, including grilled dishes, burgers and steaks. There is a decent bar. In the steam room itself, you can order a dozen different vapors: four-handed, with inhalation, with ice and with honey - prices start at 800 rubles. They sell subscriptions and complexes of bathing services. The role of the VIP-branches here is performed by the "Peace Baths" on the fourth floor - they are decorated in Russian, Byzantine and British styles and are heated with wood-burning stoves.

Mikhail Gogolev

specialist
by sales

I have been going to Warsaw Baths for almost two years - there is a favorable atmosphere, everything is done with taste and high quality. The staff are friendly and helpful. The steam room is cleaned every 30 minutes. Regular visitors often sing patriotic songs on weekends. The prices are not low, but they correspond to the quality. The Shaika-Leika restaurant is a good one, plus they give a discount to bath customers, this is also nice.

Vorontsov Baths

Working hours

09: 00-23: 00, Cleaning day - Monday

Price

1 200−1 300 rubles / 4 hours

Bather

2,000 rubles

beauty salon, beautician, solarium, restaurant

Spacious light baths on Taganka with views of the Novospassky Monastery and Vorontsovskaya Sloboda. There are two men's categories, one for women, several saunas - elite and democratic - and numbered baths for companies of up to ten people with the telling names "Minimalism" and "Indiana". You can order steaming on hay, fir and oak brooms. On Fridays in the morning, prices are cut in half. There is nothing unusual among the services or in the interior, but there is also a lack of fans.

Alexey Tryapochkin

manager
planning

For the last few years I have been going to the highest category of Vorontsov baths, and at a specific time - on Sunday evenings. There is objectively the best steam with a decent level of everything else: a comfortable dressing room and a washing room, high-quality food and service. In three hours, five to seven fresh vapors are prepared in the steam room, each time on new bases: lemon balm, eucalyptus, lemongrass, horseradish, wormwood. The steam is prepared by the efforts of enthusiastic visitors to the bathhouse, and not by the bath attendant, herbs are bought on their own, so this may not be the case on another day in the same baths. Of the minuses: visitors are mainly from the category of strong men over 40. However, it is almost everywhere the same. The restaurant menu could have been bigger, the pool too. But these are all more nitpicking, not cons.

Seleznevskie baths

Working hours

Price

1,500-1,700 rubles / 2 hours

Bather

Another long-lived bath, operating since the middle of the 19th century. It has not been repaired for a very long time, and you should be prepared for this: there will be rust and broken tiles. The staff is also Soviet-style, but the regulars here do not expect delicate treatment - they go for a ferry, one of the best in Moscow. And there is also the largest font.

Alexey Klementyev

producer

Very brutal baths, with an old real stove - there is no such thing anywhere in Moscow. Steam of the lowest possible humidity comes out of it, that is, the water instantly gets the highest temperature. In one of the categories there is a powerful propeller that blows out everything unnecessary from the steam room. Only regulars go there, they go for the steam and know how to cook it. In general, a bath for the prepared: I witnessed how the guy who overestimated himself in the steam room started bleeding. The Seleznevskys are the best option for those who have little time and little money, but need to warm up deeply and recover.

Usachevskie baths

Working hours

08: 00-23: 00 (men)

08: 00-23: 00, Thursday until 18:00 (women)

Price

1,000-1,200 rubles

Bather

beauty saloon,
fitness, cafe

Baths in the building of the sports and recreation complex - on the way you can go to the sports club or to boxing training. One of the best price-quality ratio. The last renovation was done just six months ago, inside there are spacious changing rooms and washing rooms. There is an opinion that it is good to go here with children: there is soft steam. The next feature is unlimited visiting time: in other baths, two- and three-hour sessions are offered for the same price. Regulars say that it is worth taking sauerkraut at the local buffet, and also that they cook a special steam on Saturday morning: at this time, a company of old men who call themselves "gentlemen Cossacks" is in charge of the steam room.

Julia Bogomolova

specialist
on marketing
and communications

We go to Usachevskie baths with friends on Fridays, to relax and chat. There is something very Russian here and the steam is very good. The laws on the territory of the bathhouse are strict: they can force to sweep the leaves that attacked from the brooms in the steam room, bring water, and so on. But this is more for the novice test. We took a steam bath, aired the room, cleaned up after ourselves and a new one - there is no special staff who will take care of this. But it seems that this is only done for the good.

Bath of the peoples of the world, what a huge variety of traditions and customs of different peoples and countries. The peoples of Africa have always considered water sacred, they widely used hydrotherapy in their mystical rites and rituals. In countries where sand was available, they dug a pit in it the size of a person, in this pit they made a fire from branches and twigs. Then they removed the remnants of the fire from the pit and poured dry heated sand into it, laid various useful herbs, leaves, depending on what diseases a person complains about. Sometimes the fire was not burned, but boiling water was poured over the pit.

A person lay down in a pit (or lay down), covered with various medicinal herbs on top, and sand hot from the sun was raked on top of the body.

The time a person spent in such a bath was determined by his well-being.

Snow bath ...

In the glorious city of Baikalsk, Andrey Pylyukh and Vladimir Zolotchenko built an ice bath. Baikalsk is a small town in the south of Baikal, not far from Irkutsk.

All walls are covered with ice. It can accommodate up to 15 people inside. The walls of the bathhouse are only 2 cm thick, excluding ice. The technology, according to the author, is unique; oligarchs sometimes order such bathhouses for their dachas.

There is a baptismal font not far from the bathhouse. Everything, of course, is made of ice.

The cost of a 2-hour bathhouse rental is 5000 rubles

The bathhouse can accommodate 15 people.

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Floating bath in the middle of the Vltava river in Prague ...

Many large cities have a river that splits them apart, creating at the same time an incredible atmosphere and a huge number of problems in terms of transport and infrastructure. The Czech capital Prague also has a river! And architects Andrea Kubna and Ondrej Lipensky propose a way to use these expanses of water with benefit, they propose to create a floating bath on the Vltava.

In the very center of Prague, a floating bath may also appear, Floating bath on Vltava river.

This structure will have a diameter of 50 meters. Inside it will be located an open-air reservoir 165 centimeters deep. It will be separated from the Vlatava river itself by a special textile membrane that filters debris, dirt, algae and bacteria. This pool can accommodate up to 300 people at a time. And around it there will be cabins for guests (24 cabins in total).

People will come here on public and private boats. Here they can take a steam bath, swim in the pool, eat in a restaurant, just sit and relax on sun loungers or in the lounge room. The closed circular structure will protect the internal space of the Floating bath on Vltava river from the noise, dust and bustle of Prague, the center of which is very close.

In winter, it will be possible to create an ice rink inside the Floating bath on Vltava river complex - after all, in winter in Prague there are severe frosts, and the Vltava river completely freezes.

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Transcarpathian bath. Soaring in the Chan.

The first hydropathic establishment in Transcarpathia (Lumshory village) was built in the 17th century (about 1600). Mineral water in the village flows directly from the cliff, and this was used by local princes and merchants to treat their battered organisms.

Cold mineral water was poured into large wooden troughs, and then with the help of hot stones, the temperature was brought to the desired level. Then two large cast-iron vats were cast, one of which is now in the Vienna Museum, and the second is in the possession of a local resident.

The organization of the process is very simple. Mineral water is poured into a cast-iron vat. A fire is being made under it. Flat river stones are laid at the bottom of the vat so that the hot bottom does not burn. And the temperature rises slowly to 45-50 degrees. The vat is quite spacious (diameter 2.5m, depth 0.8m, wall thickness from 40 to 60mm). The four of you can feel quite comfortable. A small mountain river with icy water flows two steps away. There are small dams in it, so that you can plunge headlong. The procedure takes no more than one hour. It is very effective in winter, when there is snow all around and the banks of the river are covered with ice. And you are lying in hot mineral water, drinking tea infused with mountain herbs with honey.

Decoctions and herbal infusions can be added to the water. You can put a couple of armfuls of aromatic herbs in the water. And the procedure is not as harsh as when vaping in traditional steam rooms. The heating of body tissues occurs at a deeper level and more evenly, sparingly. The heat capacity of water is much higher than that of air and does not require high temperatures.
In the vat you relax more, you get pleasure contemplating the world around you from the vat. In case of overheating - next to a pond with cold water. As a rule, two or three trips into the vat followed by dipping into water occurs in one hour. And this happens so naturally, without violence against the body, that you are already starting to think about changing the traditional bath with a broom.

The water bath cannot be compared with other types of baths. After her, my incomparable sensation, a slight tingling, like needles, evenly throughout the body.
After several trips (into the vat, and then into the river), it seems that your muscles and bones have been replaced with new, younger ones. The body breathes with health, and the nervous system plunges into a state of complete calmness and contemplation. It is unambiguous that hot mineral water treats problems of the musculoskeletal system, and contrasting cold water from a living river starts hiding the mechanisms of rejuvenation.

When building such a bath, you will need to build a font with a water cooling system.

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Architects from the Canadian firm Partisans have implemented an original design for a sauna made entirely of wood. In addition to being completely wooden, the project is integrated into the rock and is located in a picturesque region rich in artesian springs. The project is called The Grotto.

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Located in an active volcanic zone, the Japanese archipelago has a huge number of geothermal outlets. Practical Japanese use them to heat houses, greenhouses, to supply water to public baths, and to create tourist centers. Staying in a hotel built on a hot spring is not cheap. But that doesn't scare away visitors. Rooms in such hotels on weekends must be booked a couple of weeks in advance.

At hotels, whole cascades of "rotenburo" are often arranged - open-air baths, where the gaze of the bathers is not limited by walls and fences, but, on the contrary, they have magnificent views of the mountains, valleys, copses. The Japanese, like the Russians, love to warm the bones. And here the young mountains of the Japanese archipelago serve a good service, supplying hot mineralized geothermal water. In the hotel, standing on the source, there is certainly a list of the elements contained in the water.

Somewhere in this hotel, you will definitely find a pool, into which healing water is continuously supplied, often with the smell of sulfur or something else just as caustic. The Japanese believe that the gamut of these underground aromas transforms an ordinary bath into a true wellness event. It is believed that it is water from mountain springs that is especially useful for general strengthening of the body. Venikov, however, no. How do you bathe in a hot spring? In general, exactly the same as in a regular bath or bath. Entering the dressing room, you take off your clothes and put them in a plastic basket. You get a small towel in return. Then go directly to the "bathhouse". Shower devices are built into the wall, under which, sitting on a bench, you wash off the first dirt, using a towel as a washcloth. Then it's the pool's turn.

The water there is usually much hotter than we are used to. But the Japanese tolerate it quite calmly. The Russian man crawls into it centimeter by centimeter, cursing and moaning, until he finally settles to the bottom. During all these procedures, you use the small towel for another function - like a fig leaf. With a general calm attitude to everything bodily, for some reason it is considered decent to casually cover the causal place while swimming in these hottest springs. True, the owners of some hotels standing on the springs began to prohibit this practice, since the hot mineral water corrodes these towels and the quality of the water becomes worse from this. After soaking in hot water, you return to the shower and wash yourself completely. "Rothenburo" are set up in secluded corners of parks and gardens, on the slopes of the mountains, where passers-by usually do not happen.

The craving for nature, for the natural is wonderful, but in Japan they know how to bring this feeling to the absolute, offering the client very exotic, from the point of view of a European, onsen entertainment. So, for example, in winter in Hokkaido, those who wish can take a hot mineral bath right in the ice. Wooden tubs are frozen into the icy surface of a frozen lake and hot water from a natural spring is supplied through bamboo pipes. The client, looking around the snow-covered surface of the lake, can drink warm sake rice wine, basking in warm mineral water.

But in Wakayama prefecture, the owners of the Arita Kanko hotel invented hot baths in a suspended cable car. A large iron container, divided into several baths, moves from the top of one mountain to another on the ropes thrown over the gorge on the seashore. They are filled with hot onsen water. Customers each climb into their own bathtub, and an air flight over the precipice begins. An unforgettable impression is left not only by the unusual combination of a hot bath and goosebumps that involuntarily run through the body when looking down. The body, which has lost its weight in the water, seems to float in the sky.

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This unique health resort has only one definite place so far - the city of Tbilisi. The capital of Georgia was named so because it was located near warm sulfur springs flowing from under Mount Tabor.

The temperature of the source averages 37 degrees. You might think, what kind of bath is this? However, Georgian architects designed special premises below ground level. Only the unique domed roofs are visible on the surface. In the center of the hall there are pools lined with marble or local porous stone, into which hot water from a sulfur spring flows down through clay pipes. Such a device is somewhat reminiscent of Japanese sentos.

These baths were visited by Griboyedov and Pushkin, who immensely praised the health spa treatments and the skill of the bath attendants.
The benefits of sulfur baths

Sulfur-enriched water affects people with various diseases in different ways. Its main advantage is that it dilates blood vessels gently, without sudden jumps. Regular use of sulfuric-alkaline waters normalizes many processes in the human body. So, hypertensive patients moderately and calmly lower blood pressure, while hypotensive patients, on the contrary, tighten it to normal. Sulfur waters are recommended for patients suffering from various joint diseases. The increased blood flow helps to accelerate the metabolism in these places and, as a result, to restore tissues, relieve pain and increase motor activity. Sulfur springs have an anti-inflammatory effect: they heal wounds, relieve skin inflammation and accelerate the regeneration of the skin.

The sulfur bath is not only water filled with a sulfur component. This is moderately hot water, which, in combination with sulfur, has a relaxing and at the same time mild tonic effect.

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Unusual baths in the world are located in the Nordic countries. And this fact will hardly surprise anyone. Residents of such states have a crazy desire to steam their bones, tk. the air temperature in their cities rises no higher than 20 degrees above zero, and this happens quite rarely. I myself have been living in a northern city for a long time and therefore I just love to go to the bathhouse and sauna, but I only dream of buying a home sauna for myself and for a long time I look at the site http://sreda-obitaniya.ru/catalog/santehnika/sauna/. but I can't make up my mind in any way :)

Bathhouse in the middle of the river

A unique bathhouse was built in the Czech Liberec and placed exactly on the river. The steam room was installed on stilts, not far from the city beach, and everyone has the opportunity to be among the visitors. A prerequisite is a pre-filled application. This can be done in an architectural studio, which, by the way, is the author of the presented structure.

Sauna on wheels

Hiking saunas are not surprising, but wheeled saunas are delightful. For example, a bathhouse from a log house on a KRAZ or in a trailer. Amazing, isn't it? The largest mobile bathhouse is the building housed in a Volvo long-length 17 meter long bath.

Bath on the ferry

There is also a steam bath on the ferry. She works exclusively on fine summer days, and in winter she is laid up.

Sauna on the ski lift

An amazing bath has found its place on the lift. On the skiing in Finland, they built a sauna right in the booth, because the Finns cannot be imagined without a sauna even in such a place.

Sauna in the tram

There is a bathhouse in Milan located in a tram car. 10 people can steam the bones in it, and in addition to the steam room, the bathhouse is equipped with comfortable benches, a table and a plasma TV, which broadcasts about the creation and history of Milan's tram transport.

Bath in the rock

In the Russian Federation, they decided to step up and equipped a bathhouse in a rock located on the lake shore. A log structure was attached to the plumb line, a stove was built, and the bathhouse is ready.

Bathhouse in the hockey arena

It is also known about the existence of a bath in the hockey arena. Surely most of the stronger sex dream of watching hockey live and at the same time taking a steam bath. Now they have such an opportunity, and it is not at all necessary to dress warmly for a duel.

The oldest sauna in Finland

Finland has the oldest sauna - Rauhaniemi, built in Tampere back in 1906, located on the shores of the huge lake Nasiyarvi. This is an ideal place for fans of ice swimming. The steam room can accommodate up to 70 people, and each of them has the opportunity to plunge into a cut ice hole where the water temperature does not exceed 4 degrees. To achieve the maximum effect, it is recommended to first warm up well in the bath, and then plunge into the wormwood several times. In summer, you can have a good rest here on the beach.

Unusual technologies are bursting into our lives faster than a tornado: today those who have not yet figured out with a smartphone consider themselves to be residents of the last century. And the same story in construction: no matter how well-tested and glorious a brick and a log are, tomorrow the baths will already begin to "spit out" huge printers, and ordinary people today are already building their steam rooms out of scrap materials, competing in whose architectural invention will last longer ... Ever dreamed of building an amazing steam room on the site? Take on new technology!

Baths in the style of 2999

Build a bath with ideal geometric shapes according to a standard drawing? Boring stuff! So, at least modern architects think, and perverted with forms, as they can:

Do you want to build such a miracle? Here are a couple more photo instructions:

Volume-modular construction: the time of transformers

This interesting construction method appeared not so long ago in North America, and today there are entrepreneurs in Russia who have taken note of the idea. It all looks like this: in the morning a truck with a container arrives at the land plot, the load is removed from the trailer and placed on the foundation (a concrete slab or piles, for example). Only four people are turning the house around with their bare hands and connecting devices with communications. It was the first day.

On the second day, furniture is brought in and the space is minimally decorated. On the third day, the whole family can call in and live. The more such containers, the more spacious the house. The minimum area of ​​one such house is as much as 70 sq. M.

Moreover, it is not at all difficult to equip a Finnish sauna in such a house as a built-in one. And if you want to move somewhere, such a bathhouse can be disassembled just as quickly and everything is transported in the same container. In the second, there is already furniture, a sauna and household appliances. Amazing, isn't it?

Of course, this is an economy option. One such container in Russia costs from 15 to 30 thousand rubles per square meter. True, at this stage the issue of expensive transportation of such a house has not yet been resolved. So so far, pre-fabricated Canadian bath houses are not very interesting for a common Russian, although marketers are actively working on this problem.

In the meantime, mini-saunas without a foundation are gaining popularity:

Transparent concrete: paired in the form of ice sculptures

A sensational novelty among construction technologies is transparent concrete. This innovative composite material has the ability to truly transmit light, but at the same time it really has all the properties of ordinary concrete. The same strength, water resistance, heat and sound insulation. But from now on, in such a bathhouse it will be possible to see not only which stove is used and how many shelves in the steam room, but also the vacationers themselves.

This miracle of technology has come to us from the United States. For the first time, they began to build fences of government buildings from it, but several transparent objects have already been built in Sweden and Japan. For example, BMW's main building was erected using this particular technology, for which it received the 2005 German Architecture Award.

The lamps are also made of transparent concrete, the creator of which is the architect A. Loshontsi, who now lectures around the world about the possibilities of building from such material.

Transparent concrete consists of a fine-grained matrix and fiber - dispersed-reinforced pieces of glass fibers. This material has excellent compressive strength, bending and tensile strength, good impact strength and frost resistance. But the weight, unlike ordinary concrete, is 40-60% less.

But in Russia, transparent concrete is considered more of a thermal insulation material than a monolith - there is even such a term as PTI, transparent thermal insulation. This also includes polycarbonate. Another transparent concrete that is actively used abroad is concrete, which is made by crushing broken glass on special equipment and gluing them. But it will not be possible to see something completely through such walls - in the same bath, only silhouettes will be visible. Read more about new construction technologies on the website remvizor.ru - there are a lot of worthy articles there.

We also note separately the Frozen Smoke airgel, which is also called "frozen smoke". It is all 1% silicon anhydride and as much as 99% air. The bathhouse built using such a material is simply breathtaking: it seems that the bricks are just hanging in the air! But this gel is also fireproof, which is of particular value for a steam room.

Being very lightweight, the airgel is capable of supporting enormous weights. And it is even used in space to catch dust from the tail of comets. But it looks like a cosmic miracle will soon be in every home - all leading architects are sure of this. Shelves, a stove and even stones in the air - why not? There will be something to surprise your friends!

3D printers - the future has already arrived!

Already in several countries, special construction printers are being prepared for release at the same time, which are capable of printing entire buildings. These are the same 3D printers, only huge, and they print not with paint, but with concrete.

In appearance, the 3D printer looks like a living constructor: an overhead crane with a lifting capacity of 300 kg and a working area of ​​up to 20 m. Special rails are also thought out for the design itself.

So, literally in a day only one of the printers is able to "print" a house with an area of ​​200 sq. M. Instead of the reinforced foundation, to which we are accustomed, fiber cement is used, or rather, pseudo-reinforcement from it in the form of a W-bond. Concrete is supplied from a device similar to a construction gun, and the time of concrete hardening in different places is strictly calculated. But the first step towards such a revolution was machine plastering, which saves a lot of time and provides an excellent quality of work.

But while a 3D printer raises a lot of questions for many: will fiber cement replace a real foundation, how quickly does the used mixture harden to hold a new layer on itself, and why does it not then harden in the hose itself? How expensive will it be to rent such a colossus and how to move it? These are the questions the creators of the 3D printer are working on. Let us remind you that the fax at one time was also from the range of science fiction, and 3D images were considered unrealizable at all. Therefore, it is quite possible that the scenario in the near future will develop like this: in the morning they wanted a bathhouse on the site - in the afternoon a 3D printer arrived - in the evening they already started the first wall decoration!

So, in Southern California, something similar has already been built by Professor Behrokh Khoshnevis - his creation is building a house by releasing separate ready-made blocks, the dimensions of which are strictly calculated. This 3D printer model is equipped with a special nozzle through which concrete is poured. Everything is controlled through a computer. This technology is called "Contour Crafting", and thanks to it, a completely finished frame of a house or bath appears in the white light. But windows, doors and communications are all by hand.

You will be surprised, but in fact, 3D printers have been around for a long time and are actively used. With the help of such technologies, they are already printing with wood, iron and polymers. So why not build entire houses the way wasps and bees do?

Construction of a bath with fixed formwork

Yes, we are talking about the very convenient fixed formwork, which is increasingly used today for foundations - convenient and heat-efficient. But recently, walls have been built from this material. And today, foam is still used as the main material - such houses are warm and inexpensive, and with properly organized ventilation, the microclimate in such a building will turn out to be absolutely healthy. It's just that when building a bath using such an unusual technology, it is customary to remove the foam from the inside of the building - after the concrete itself has hardened. And use more natural materials as insulation.

But in the not too distant future, scientists are going to apply more sustainable alternatives to polystyrene with the same technology. So warm and light bathhouses will be built in just a week!

The only thing that the owners of such houses are worried about is that any polystyrene foam contained in laminate, plastic windows, polystyrene, rubber rugs and linoleum emits a harmful volatile substance phenol. Therefore, ventilation in a modern house is really needed not only because of the walls.

Dome baths: unique technology in a new way

You have already heard that unique greenhouses, houses and baths are being built in the form of geodesic domes: here is an example of this amazing technology:

And this architectural miracle is really economical and looks amazing on any site, which is why work on this method continues to this day. And now, another know-how: now such houses and baths will not be built, and not even printed, but ... inflated.

This method was proposed by the architect Nicolo Bini. In just a couple of hours with little expense, you get a wonderful building, without seams and any interpanel joints. This dome is called Binishell, and the forefather of this technology was Dante Bini, who built a similar house right next to the active volcano Etna. Moreover, the domed house was able to withstand both hurricanes and earthquakes. And here's how the binishell is built today:

• Step 1. The foundation is being erected.
• Step 2. A ball and a strong membrane are placed on the foundation.
• Step 3. Temporary formwork is installed around the ball.
• Step 4. All this is poured with a good layer of concrete.
• Step 5. Now, using a powerful pump, the balloon is inflated to the desired size. The concrete that has not yet hardened takes the shape of a dome.
• Step 6. The ball is deflated and packaged for the next house.

Inexpensive, effective and cute. Such houses are often even fitted with a "green" roof, and then the result is generally amazing.

Cordwood baths: a DIY masterpiece!

This material for construction is called "clay". The basis is taken from ordinary wood firewood and clay with straw (in translation, cordwood means "woodpile"). And, even if right now you imagine that you can only build a decrepit rural house this way, you are mistaken:

Here are the main advantages of such eco-houses:

1. Building materials - for free.
2. Excellent thermal insulation.
3. 100% environmentally friendly.
4. Original appearance.
5. Durability and amazing ease of repair.

Clay and wood have a similar ability to absorb and release moisture. In summer, it will be even cool in such a bath, until the stove is kindled, and in winter it will be warm. The walls instantly absorb and release moisture, and therefore there is no point in worrying about some kind of insulation and expensive foil material.

So you still don't have a bath due to your limited budget? Adopt this unusual technology and all your neighbors will be amazed!

• Step 1. We prepare good firewood and clay. It is better not to take whole firewood for such buildings - they can, unfortunately, crack. But chopped ones, especially aspen, are perfect. A good length of firewood is from 40 to 60 cm. Now make a canopy over the finished walls and keep them that way for 1.5-2 months.
• Step 2. We make a rubble base as the base of the bath. It should go into the ground no more than a meter deep. Pour the stone layer by layer with clay or cement mortar.
• Step 3. Obtain colored glass bottles for wall decorations.
• Step 4. Cut the hay with an ax so that it is not long. The amount of clay should be 20% of the total volume of firewood. And the amount of straw is 10-15% of the clay volume. It is this composition that will not allow the clay to crack later. Here's how to mix: In a trough of water, mix the sand and clay and add the hay right there. Put this mixture on the wood.
• Step 5. Place the supports if the bath will have a standard rectangular shape.
• Step 6. We lay out the walls: in a continuous way, with an air gap or with some kind of insulation. For example, the void space can be filled with sawdust - it will be much warmer.
• Step 7. We make the roof: regular or just from straw.
• Step 8. Install the oven and shelves - the sauna is ready! But if you are going to decorate such a bath, then let it settle for at least a year.

Moreover, steam rooms with such walls turn out to be very warm and absolutely environmentally friendly.

Interestingly, in Canada you can still find houses built using exactly this technology 100 years ago - and they are in excellent condition! And historical documents indicate that such buildings existed even in Greece and Siberia.For example, the St. Petersburg "House of Lovers" is made of ordinary birch firewood and it is already several hundred years old!

Despite the thickness of the walls, the structure itself turns out to be surprisingly light, and the strip rubble foundation is really enough for it.By the way, there are saunas that are built from only one bottle:

But if you are building such a bath with corners, then tie the rows in these places as with brickwork.

Great ideas and inspiring progress, aren't they?

Do you love the bath and know everything about the bath? Have you ever steamed on a funicular or a tram? Broom and tub is not enough for people of our time, give them something unusual. And after all, they serve - in the strangest baths in the world. Let's walk through them.

Extreme sauna in Ylläs (Finland)

Why is there a lift in ski resorts? Of course, for the quick ascent of skiers up the slope. But in Finland they decided differently: why shouldn't those who are inside the lift have a good time? Throughout the entire time, while the lift goes up and then down, vacationers can enjoy all the delights of a real steam room. The Flying Bath is designed for a company of four. An extreme part of the "cultural program" can be the traditional "diving" into the snow on one of the mountain peaks.

Bath message in Milan (Italy)

While Estonians are participating in a large-scale bathing marathon and running around the city, looking for baths by maps, Italians offer tourists a more measured option - a bath in a tram car. The authors of the idea planned to prove to everyone that the Milan public transport is not the place to get the next portion of stress. They are sure that in city trams one can relax, dream and rest. An unusual bathhouse is ready to accommodate up to 10 people at a time. After the standard set of procedures, vacationers can take a breath in front of a plasma screen, on which non-stop videos about the history of public transport in Milan are played.

Bath is not for everyone in Budapest (Hungary)

At the foot of Gellert Hill stands a luxurious hotel built at the beginning of the last century. But all spa lovers know this place thanks to the famous Gellert Baths. Columns of marble, monumental arches, amazingly beautiful stained-glass windows, exquisite mosaics in steam rooms and baths ... A truly enchanting atmosphere has been created here. Vacationers are invited to visit three levels. Perhaps all the most interesting awaits the guests of the lower tier: there is a hamam, a sauna and three baths. The water in each bath is of a certain temperature: cold, warm and hot. Bath treatments can be complemented by a massage or a mud bath. On the second level, there is a swimming pool, the roof above which can be pulled apart. The pool is surrounded by a two-tiered colonnade with galleries. In the courtyard there is another pool with its "excesses": an artificial wave and cascades of stone terraces.

Contemplative bath in Tokyo (Japan)

Many things in the Land of the Rising Sun seem surprising and unusual to Europeans, including the sento public baths. Sterile cleanliness, pacification, the absolute absence of haste or fuss, along with a strict sequence of all procedures are the main features of Japanese baths. One of the most popular sentos is the Daikoku-Yu bath in Tokyo. It first opened its doors to visitors in 1927. In the 90s, a large-scale reconstruction was carried out inside the building, while the external appearance remained intact. Today, few tourists will discern a public bath in the outlines of a Buddhist temple. Without exception, all visitors to sento must comply with the strictest requirements, so that the bath procedures are slightly reminiscent of a measured ritual. Get rid of shoes first, then clothes. Then thoroughly wash yourself in the shower on a special tiny stool, and only then plunge into one of the baths, where you can finally completely relax. By the way, the bath is shared: several people can be in it at the same time. There are several such baths in Daikoku-Yu, with hot and cool water, as well as with a massage effect. Another bath - roten-buro - is located in the courtyard, which is surrounded by a small garden, of course, in the Japanese style. People with tattoos on their bodies are usually reluctant to enter sento, but in Daikoku-Yu, they say, you can easily find yourself in the same bath with the yakuza, whose body is painted "under the khokhloma." Interestingly, recently, trying to popularize sento among tourists, the owners, with the support of local authorities, began to publish special comic book instructions that do not allow violating the main rules of sento.

Steam room for party people in Berlin (Germany)

In 2005, a bathhouse "Liquidrom" was opened in Berlin - an ideal option for party-goers. A visit to the steam room, diving in the pool or massage treatments are accompanied by popular dj-sets. Those who wish are invited to visit the Finnish sauna, salt cave or visit the panoramic sauna, one of the walls of which is made of glass. Every hour the lucky ones can get free massage treatments: honey, salt or aroma. For more intense relaxation, you can book a Balinese herbal bag massage or a Thai hot stone massage. A favorite place for guests is a huge swimming pool, where impromptu discos are arranged - cheerful music combined with colorful lighting creates the necessary mood. Interestingly, if you dive, it seems as if loud music sounds in the headphones. In addition, on weekends, live concerts are organized by the pool for all tastes: from classical and jazz to rock and electronics.

Space bath (CS "Mir")

Is there life on Mars? Science does not know this. But it is known for certain that a real sauna was once located on the Mir space station. The special design of the steam room was developed by the employees of the Energia rocket and space corporation headed by Vladimir Komolov, who began working on the project in his student years. The cosmonauts themselves, on the one hand, were pleased, they even asked to deliver birch brooms. On the other hand, they complained about the exhausting cleaning after each "wash", and the low efficiency of the process - the water was "smeared" over the body, like jelly. However, due to significant energy consumption and excessive water consumption, the steam room was dismantled. Today astronauts have to make do with special napkins and "dry" shampoo.

Bath in the Giusti cave (Tuscany, Italy)

The history of the unique thermal spring began in 1848, when it was accidentally found by workers in the Giusti cave. A visit to this place is unforgettable: the unique outlines of stalactites and stalagmites, shadows moving along the walls of labyrinths and an eerie silence. To reach the natural spring located 200 meters underground, guests are invited to go through three zones with very symbolic names - "Paradise", "Purgatory" and "Hell". The closer to "Hell", the higher the temperature. High humidity and natural ventilation mechanism makes the stay in the cave extremely comfortable. The advertising brochure says that a visit to Giusti Cave will cleanse the body of toxins and completely restore both physical and mental balance. And if you can argue about the latter (phobias are not easy to defeat!), Then the unique natural atmosphere of the ancient grotto, for sure, has a beneficial effect on the body.