UNESCO World Heritage Site in France:
1. Roads on Santiago de Compostela
Historical buildings and monuments on four roads leading pilgrims in Spain.
2. Mon-Saint-Michel Island
The island is located Benedictine Abbey (XI-XVI centuries) in the Gothic style and the village.
3. Saint-Emilion
Winery region with long history. Many churches and monasteries.
4. Church of Saint-Saven-sur-Gartan
Monastery since 811 years old. Frescoes (XI-XII centuries) are perfectly preserved with scenes from the pentateuch.
5. Painting in the caves of the Valley of the River Weser
25 caves with ancient rock painting. A few hundred pictures of animals.
6. Canal du Midi
328 hydraulic structures between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic (1667-1694).
7. Historic fortified city Carcassonne
A typical medieval city with an impressive defensive system around the castle and housing.
8. Charter Cathedral
Concreated from 1145 sample of French gothic. Sculptures of the middle of the XII century, stained glass windows of the XII-XIII centuries.
9. Loire Valley between Sully-sur-Loir and the Wine
Landscapes exceptionally cultural significance: historical cities, villages, castles.
10. Cathedral in Bourge
Masterpiece of Gothic Art of the XII-XIII centuries. Images of a terrible court and scenes from the lives of St. Etienne.
11. Palace and Park in Versailles
Laid in 1624. Over time, the ensemble has become a sample of the royal residence.
12. Paris - Sene
Assembly of architectural masterpieces, among which are notre-ladies, Louvre, Tuileries, a house of disabled.
13. Amiens Cathedral
The largest cathedral of the country. The three-span basil was built in 1220 on the site of the Romanesque temple.
14. Palace and Park in Fontainebleau
In 1137, a modest hunting castle was built. Later he broke and became the residence of kings.
15. National, medieval city fairs
In the XII-XIII centuries. There were fairs here, which traders came out from all over Europe.
16. Cathedral of Notre Dame, Saint-Remy Abbey and Palace, then in Reims
Gothic Cathedral of the XIII century. In the abbey of Saint-Remy, a vessel for the world-formation of the kings of France was kept.
17. Church in luck
In the church of the city, the remains of Mary Magdalene allegedly are located. Place of pilgrimage.
18. Phonten Abbey
It was founded in 1118 by the Cistercymen, and in the XV century. Received the status of the royal abbey.
19. Lyon.
Founded by the Romans in I B. BC e. Numerous monuments related to various epochs.
20. Garsky Most
This is part of the water supply built by the Romans in 19 G. BC. e. Connects the shores of the Gardon River.
21. Ancient Roman monuments Arlya
The oldest monuments refer to I. BC e. Amphitheater, underground moves, the terms of Constantine.
22. Historical Center of Avignon
In the XIV century The city was a papal residence. Frequency, Papal Palace, Cathedral Notre Dame de House.
23. Antique Theater and Triumphal Arch in Orange
A large amphitheater (the length of the facade 103 m) is excellent. Arch with bas-reliefs (10-25).
24. ARK-E-SENAN: Royal Salt Sink
The village of Ark-E-Senan was built in the XVIII century. Home director and factory buildings.
25. Stanislav Square I, Quarry and Alliance in Nancy
Architectural area ensemble (1752-56) - sample of French baroque.
26. Strasbourg. Grand-Il
Grand Ile Island is the historic center of the Alsace capital. Cathedral, four churches, Palace Roan.
27. Cape Girolat, Cape Porto, Skandol Reserve and Drunk Calanes on Corsica
The reserve on the Skandol Peninsula takes 30,000 hectares. Seagulls, cormorants, sea eagles.
28. Mount Manth Perdido in Pyrenees (France / Spain)
"Lost Mountain" - an array of 3.352 m high. Next - the two biggest Canyon of Europe
29. Bell tower of the cities of Belgium and France
23 bell tower in the north of France, Bell Tower in Zhamblu in Belgium, 30 Belgian city towers. Bright symbols of emerging civil liberties.
30. Havre is a city restored by Auguste Perret
The Heritage Object includes the administrative, shopping and cultural center of the Gold. An example of post-war urban planning and architecture.
31. Port of the Moon in Bordeaux
The historic center of the city-port in the south-west of France - the unique urban and architectural ensemble of the Epoch of Enlightenment
32. New Caledonia lagoons
In the lagoon of New Caledonia is the second largest coral reef
33. Strengthening Voban
Thirteen fortresses designed by Woban.
UNESCO is the organization of the United Nations, which deals with issues of education, culture and science. The main objectives declared by the Organization are to promote peace security, due to the expansion of the cooperation of peoples and states in the field of science, education and culture; Compliance with legality and ensuring justice, universal respect for the fundamental freedoms and human rights, which are proclaimed in the Charter of the Organization, absolutely for all nations, without belonging to any race, sex, language or religion.
On November 16, 1945, an organization was created, the headquarters of which is located in the capital of France. The organization of the organization covers issues of discrimination in the field of education, as well as illiteracy; studies national cultures and prepares national personnel; Problems of geology, social sciences, biosphere and oceanography.
The UNESCO Preparatory Commission on September 16, 1946 moved to Majestik from London, which served as a temporary room until 1958. The construction was hastily restored after the liberation of the city from the German occupation. The working conditions in it were imperfect, since the largest bedrooms were provided to work to the secretaries, many of which were used for storing the documentation. One clothing cabinet. Professional mid-level employees worked in the former bathrooms, because it was the only location of the documentation.
On Fontaina and Square in Paris, on November 3, 1958, the solemn opening of the current headquarters of UNESCO was held. The building, which resembles the form of the Latin letter Y, was designed by three architects from different countries, and the construction of the headquarters was carried out under the leadership of the International Committee.
A complex that is known to the world not only the location of UNESCO headquarters in it, but also thanks to architectural advantages, built a few dozen concrete columns in the form of a three-pointed star.
The building contains a library, which presents a large numismatic and philatelic collection, all publications of the organization and the UNESCO souvenir department.
The complement of the complex is the three other facilities. The first, called "Accordion", has a large oval hall. Here, the General Conference holds plenary sessions. The second building is built in the form of Cuba. In the third construction in the center of the Green Section, six open courtyards are located in the depth of two underground levels, which overlook the cabinet windows located around the perimeter. These buildings containing a large number of unique works of art are currently open to visit.
Since the beginning of the construction of the UNESCO building on Square Fontainaua, works of art were ordered to famous artists who, in addition to decorative and decoration, would symbolize the world, the preservation and strengthening of which the organization puts its task. Other works of art were also purchased over time. Most of the work were given by the organization by Member States.
On the UNESCO website in the Virtual Museum you can see the works of Picasso, Miro, Basin, Corbusesier, Tapies, and many other famous and little-known artists.
Plaza Stanislas Square, Plas-de-La Career and Plas-D'accidents in Nancy
Nancy (FR. Nancy) - City and Commune in France, Administrative Center (Prefecture) Department of Mört and Moselle in the Lorraine region. The population of Big Nancy is 410 508 people (1999 data) (data 2004).
Located on the River Moselle, at the intersection of its Canal Marne - Rhine. Knot of railway lines to Paris, Strasbuliezh.
Stanislav Leshchinsky
Louis XV.
Stanislav Square (Place Stanislas, in the focus of Place Stan) - extensive (125 by 126 meters) Square in the French city of Nancy, the former capital of Duchy Lorraine, created in 1752-55. At the initiative of the last Larring Duke, Stanislav Leschinsky, in honor of his son-in-law, Louis XV. This is one of the largest city planning projects in Europe of the Late Baroque era.
"Royal Square" with a bronze monument Louis XV in the center was defeated on the project of Emmanuel Ere de roots (1705-1763) between the buildings of the city council (Town Hall) and the Larring Government and are stitched with light gray cobblestones grouped into diagonal patterns. Its parties formed a building set as in the style of early French classicism, such as the Episcopal Palace (now the Opera House) and the School of Medicine (now the Museum of Fine Arts).
Grilles.
Stanislav Square forms a single town planning ensemble with Plas-de-La Carir and Plas-d'accidents, with which it is connected by semicircular colonnades and a triumphal arch, reproducing the shape of an ancient arch of the septimia of the North. The area is decorated with elegantly lung gilded lattices, fountains and lights - outstanding monuments of art casting of the workshop of Jean Lamura (1698-1771).
Fontaine D "AMPHITRITE
Fontaine de Neptune.
With the beginning of the revolution, the king's statue was lowered and replaced by the victory allegory, and the square itself is renamed from the royal first to the folk, and then to Napoleon's Square. After the July Revolution (1830), she received its current name. At the same time, Bronze Monument to Stanislav Leschinsky appeared on it.
In 1983, when UNESCO recognized the ensemble of the three Square of the Epoch of the Leschinsky World Heritage Monument, a significant part of Plas-Stanislas was used as a parking lot. The 250th anniversary of the creation of the area on the basis of the archival materials of the XVIII century was carried out expensive (9 million euros) restoration work, and the area itself and the territory adjacent to it were declared a pedestrian zone.
Plas-de la CareerView of the plastic de la Career and the Palace of the Governor from the Triumphal Arch and Place Stanislas
Place de La Carrière - the old square in the center of Nancy is located in the old town and is a continuation of the famous Place Stanislas. Separated from the last triumphant arch of Emmanuel Ere.
View of Plase de la Career and the Palace of the governor from the Triumphal Arch and Place Stanislas.
The new area of \u200b\u200bthe de la Carer was formed in the XVI century during the expansion and strengthening of the medieval city. Mansions of the local aristocracy were built here. At that time, Knight's tournaments and other equestrian events were held on the square. At the end of the XVI century, to connect the old city with a new, built in the south outside the medieval fortress, the gate was made in the fortress wall, so H. Port-Royal. In the north of the de la Career Square, the wing of the Duke Lorraine Palace, destroyed by the Duke Leopold I Larring, who planned to build a new Louvre here. In the south-east of the square is built at the beginning of the XVIII century, the Bovo Hall (currently the Court of Appeal), the work of the French architect Bofran.
Plas-d'accidentsPlace D "Alliance (Fr. Place D" Alliance) - the area in the center of Nancy is located next to the famous Place Stanislas.
Plas-D "Alliance and Fountain in memory of the 1756 Alliance between France and Austria.
By order of Stanislas Leschinsky, Duke Lorraine, French architect Emmanuel Ere planned San Stanislas Square, located on the territory of the former duccian garden. The area had the shape of the square, on the perimeter of which luxurious mansions were located. In 1756, the French King of Louis XV and Empress Maria Teresia Austrian (Franz I, the Emperor of the Sacred Roman Empire and the Former Duke of Lotaring) was signed by an agreement on the Alliance between France and Austria. Shortly thereafter, the area was renamed the Places-D "Alliance. By order of Stanislas, the sculptor of Paul-Louis Siffel created a fountain in honor of the Alliance.
In 1983, Plas-D'accidents, together with Plas-Stanislas and Plase de la Careor, as a single architectural complex, UNESCO was included in the list
Sen-Emilion (Saint-Emilion) is the French wine-making commune with the same capital, located on the right bank of the Dordogne River, Girona Department. It is located 40 kilometers from the capital of Bordeaux, 6 kilometers from the Vinemal Commune of Perom and Municipal Center Libourne, and in the east, it borders with another wine-reaching subregion - Côte de Castion. The terrain and soil relief in the commune is very diverse. The central plateore around the capital smoothly goes into the hills with the terraces of vineyards in the West and East. Gravel soils from dies further alternate with sandy-clay and lime.
Gent, the city of medieval fairsProvincial (Provins) is an old town in Champagne, now in the Department of Sen and Marna, Ile de France, France. One of the best samples of the medieval merchant city, a UNESCO World Heritage Monument. Us. 11667 LOVE.
The old town on the hill, still surrounded by medieval walls, was in the XIII century the place of the annual fair, perhaps the largest not only in Champagne, but in all of France.
MAISON, 15 RUE DE JOUY
The population of the city was at the time every seven or eight more than today. It was sealed here and scarlet roses were grown, exported by crusaders from the Holy Land. Edmund Gorbun, being a tiny of this city, accepted Aluu Rosa as the coat of arms of the family of Lancaster. At the end of the XIII century, the relationship with champagne graphs had a root, he lost his trading privileges, and with them and economic significance.
Caesareva Tower.
In addition to the part of the city wall, from the monuments of the Middle Ages, the unfinished church of St. Middle Ages is preserved. Kiryak with the dome of the XVII century; "The tenth warehouse" of the XII century, in which medieval statues are exhibited; And built on the site of Roman fortification in the XII century "Caesarev Tower". Lower city founded in IX century. Savings from Vikings by monks, not so rich on monuments of antiquities.
Strengthening VobanSebastien Le Pretr, Marquis de Vaoban (Fr. Sébastien Le Prestre, Marquis de Vauban, May 15, 1633 - March 30, 1707) - The most outstanding military engineer of his time, Marshal France, writer. Arranged fortresses declared by the World Heritage of Humanity.
Sebastien Le Pretr, Marquis de Vaoban
All my life he spent in the sieges of the enemy fortresses and in the construction of the French fortresses: he built a new fortress and improved up to 300 old, participated in 53 sieges and 104 skirmishes and battles. He began his military career under the superiors of Prince Conde, former in Union with Spain and fought against France; captured in 1653, he moved to the French army. In the sixties of the XVII century. It begins to engage in the construction of fortresses, and in 1667 it makes the capitulate of several Belgian fortresses.
He was a combat engineer and a practitioner, an excellent artillers and tactical engineer, commanded the army and participated in politics, he is attributed to the creation of the first army units of military engineers.
View of Fort La Lat from Cape of Spaniards
In the field of Military Engineering Art, Voban made a sharp transition in the ways of conducting an attack, being an innovator in siege art; As for the fortification forms, it is here, despite the 4 systems offered to them, showed not so much the originality of any new ideas, how many practical correct look at things and the ability to apply to the situation and terrain. Its guidance and the beginnings, which put Woban as the basis of siege actions, used to Port Arthur (1904) inclusive.
Voban also ordered the use of underground mines. In his insistence, and under his leadership were produced in 1686 in Turna experiments on mine explosions, who served as initial foundations of the theory of mineral art, the later development of which belongs to the French engineer Belidor (1698-1761) and the French scientist Gumperts and Lebrene (1805).
In 1677, Voban was appointed head of all engineering works of France. For five years, I developed a system of boundaries and surrounded the kingdom of the ring of fortresses. Cultivating exclusively bastic system and clearing its shortcomings, Vahan, strictly speaking, did not leave any particular system, but his successors from considering the various fortresses that he built and corrected, tried to bring the general starts of the location of fortress forts.
Thus, they managed to make three ways to strengthen or three Voban systems. The first of them is known called simple, and the other two - called the first and second reinforced systems or Landau and her-breek systems (by the names of the Landau and Neuf-breezes built by Vahan (now Nhof Bryzakh)).
Strengthening built by Woban in Besanson.
Vaven was considered in France a true "father of gradual attack", as Erar de Bar-le-Duk - "Father of fortification" in general. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe gradual attack Voban was to be forwarded forward slowly, but surely, with the least losses, which was very brightly expressed by aphorism: "Brûlons Plus de Poudre, Versons Moins de Sang" (Fr. "Give a bigger gunpowder, a smaller blood" ). Woban first destroyed the fire of the fortress artillery and then move forward the infantry with the help of her approachs and long trenches or trenches called "parallels".
Belfort-fortifications
The chief engineering talent of Voban manifested itself in his striking art to use the features of the situation and the locality, as a result of which some shortcomings of its fortification system, these theoretically, disappeared on the ground. In this art, the use of fortification forms to the situation and the terrain is hardly available at Voban rivals, and in this regard, the time of this famous engineer belonging to the second half of the XVII century may be called the Epoch of Voban. The Academy of Sciences made it with his member (1699), and Louis XIV awarded Nin Marshal (1703).
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Tower Voban
Fortress Voban in the Breeter
Monument to Voban in Besanson
2007, the year of the three hundred taking death of Marshal, was declared in France by Voban. In 2008, the UNESCO monuments of the World Heritage were announced thirteen fortresses designed by Woban.
Gavr (Fr. Le Havre, Normand. Lé Hâvre) - City and Commune in the north of France, in the region of Upper Normandy, Superfectura in the Department of Sena Primorskaya. The Gavrian port is one of the largest in France.
Prieuré_de_graville
Havre is located on the right bank of the Seine, near its estuary. The river separates this city from the region of Lower Normandy and the neighboring town of Ontofler. To the north and west of the Gold is the coast of the Para de Kale.
Francis I.
Gavr is one of the young cities of France. At the base of Admiral Gufier in 1517, he was inflicted by Franciscopolis in honor of the King of Francis I. Subsequently, it was subsequently renamed Gavr de Gras ("The Gracious Harbor", the word havre literally means the harbor). In 1562, Huguenotes passed the city of British, but after 2 years he returned to France.
LehavRecathedrale
By 1572, the city became a significant shopping center, from where vessels sent to Newfoundland and Spitsbergen for catching cod and whales. By the XVIII century, the port of Gauring becomes the second largest in France after Nanta. The old port is depicted in the picture of Monet "Impression. Ascending Sun "(1872), which gave the name of the movement of impressionists.
Monet "Impression. Rising Sun"
During World War II, the city was practically lathe with the face of the earth. After the war on the project, Andre Perret he was re-built up with modern buildings of a characteristic white color. Residential houses perr. served as one of the sources of the project of the Soviet "Khrushchka".
sightsThe construction of the city is predominantly postwar, in it dominated by a skyscraper Church Saint-Joseph. Separate architectural monuments of the XVI-XVIII centuries have been preserved. (Church of Notre Dame, Gravel Saint-Oneorin Abbey). There is a museum of medieval sculpture and archeology, and in the city itself - the Museum of Fine Arts named Andre Malro.
château des Gadelles
The draft updated settlement developed the famous architect Andre Perre. Since then, white concrete buildings made in the spirit of post-war severity, orderliness and expediency dominate the guards. The city turned into a slightly strange king of straight lines, devoid of any inquiry luxury. Nevertheless, the Gaurus architecture deserves attention, like local museums.
The homogeneity of modern development sharply distinguishes Havur, destroyed during World War II, among other cities of France. The city planning decision Andre Perre is distinguished by thoughtfulness and peculiar aesthetic advantages that have allowed UNESCO to include the city center among the World Heritage Monuments.
Quote communication UNESCO World Heritage: France. Palaces and parks of Versailles. Part 1
The UNESCO World Heritage List in the French Republic is 37 items (for 2011), this is 3.8% of the total (936 for 2011). 33 objects are included in the list of cultural criteria, and 17 of them are recognized as masterpieces of human genius (Criterion I), 3 objects are included in natural criteria, each of which is recognized by the natural phenomenon of exceptional beauty and aesthetic importance (criterion VII), as well as 1 mixed object Also falling under the criterion VII. In addition, as of 2010, 33 facilities in France are among the candidates for inclusion in the World Heritage List. The French Republic ratified the Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage on June 27, 1975.
UNESCO experts decided that the French gastronomic culture with its rituals and a complex organization is worthy of inclusion in the prestigious list of intangible cultural heritage. For the first time in the world, this status received a national cuisine, which indicates "its widespread recognition."
Experts of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee satisfied the request of France in the art of Alançon Lace - entered the list of intangible heritage of mankind.
Food is part of the French national identity. Norman, Oboven, Burgundy and Alsace cuisines differ in the same way as residents of these regions. "I must say, French cuisine is subject to numerous influences, which allows it to create new dishes and new tastes. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this openness, especially considering the features of modern society, "said Yubert De Canson, Deputy Permanent Representative of France with UNESCO.
Versailles - Palace-Park Ensemble in France (Fr. Parc et Château de Versailles), the former residence of the French kings in Versailles, now a suburb of Paris; The center of tourism of world importance.
Versailles constructed under the leadership of Louis XIV from 1661, and became a kind of monument to the era of the King of Sun, the artistic and architectural expression of the idea of \u200b\u200babsolutism. Leading architects - Louis Levo and Jules Arduuen-Mansar, the Creator of the Park - Andre Lenotr. Versal's ensemble, the largest in Europe, is distinguished by the unique integrity of the intention and harmony of architectural forms and the transformed landscape. From the end of the XVII century, Versailles served as a sample for the frontal suburban residences of European monarchs and aristocracy, but he does not have direct imitation.
From 1666 to 1789, to the Great French Revolution, Versailles was the official royal residence. In 1801 he received the status of the museum and is open to the public; Since 1830, the museum has become the entire architectural complex of Versailles; In 1837, the France History Museum was opened at the Royal Palace. In 1979, the Versailles Palace and the Park are included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List.
Many significant events of French and world history are associated with Versailles. Thus, in the XVIII century, the royal residence was the signing of many international treaties, including the Treaty, which completed the US Independence War (1783). In 1789, the Constituent Assembly worked in Versaille adopted a declaration of human rights and a citizen.
Chapel_and_gabriel_wing_palace_of_versailles
North View
Southern facade. Serrsal 2.
In 1871, after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, in Versailles occupied by the German troops, the creation of the German Empire was proclaimed. In 1919, a peace treaty was signed in 1919, which completed the first world war and placed the beginning of the so-called Versailles system - the political system of post-war international relations
View of the Park Palace
Versailles_-zicht_op_de_écuries.
The history of the Versailles Palace begins in 1623 with a very modest hunting castle like the feudal, built at the request of Louis XIII from bricks, stone and roofing slate in the territory purchased from Jean de Soisy (Jean de Soisy), whose family owned the lands from the XIV century. The hunting castle was in the place where the marble courtyard is now located. Its sizes were 24 to 6 meters. In 1632, the territory was expanded due to the purchase of the Versailles estate from the Archbishop of Paris from the genus Gondi, and a two-year restructuring was taken.
LA VICTOIRE SUR L "ESPAGNE MARSY GIRARDON VERSAILLES
Louis Xiv.Since 1661, the "King Sun" Louis XIV began to expand the palace to use it as his permanent residence, since after the Front-uppower, living in the Louvre seemed unsafe. Architects Andre Lenotr and Charles Lebedin updated and expanded the palace in the style of classicism. The entire facade of the palace from the garden is occupied by a large gallery (a mirror gallery, a gallery of Louis XIV), which its paintings, mirrors and columns produces a stunning impression. Besides, they also deserve the mention of the Bittle Gallery, Palace Chapel and the Royal Opera.
After the death of Louis XIV in 1715, the five-year king Louis XV, his courtyard, as well as the Regent Council of Philip Orleans returned to Paris. The Russian king Peter I, during his visit to France, stopped in May 1717 in the Grand Trianon. The 44-year-old king while staying in Versaille studied the device of the Palace and Parks, who served as a source of inspiration when creating Peterhof on the shore of the Gulf of Finland near St. Petersburg (Verlet, 1985).
Versailles changed during the reign of Louis XV, but not so largely as it was with Louis XIV. In 1722, the king and his courtyard returned to Versailles and the first project was the completion of the Salon Hercules, the construction of Louis XIV began in recent years, but because of the death of the latter was not over.
The substantial contribution of Louis XV to the development of Versailles is recognized as small apartment of the king; Madame chambers, rest of Dofina and his spouses on the first floor of the palace; As well as the personal orders of Louis XV - small apartments of the king on the second floor (later rebuilt in the apartments of Madame Dubarry) and small apartments of the king on the third floor - on the second and third floors of the palace. The main achievement of Louis XV in the development of Versailles was the completion of the construction hall of the opera and the palace of Small Tranon (Verlet, 1985).
Small Trianon, Palace
Small apartments of the king. Cabinet of the gold service
Game Salon Louis 16
Madame Dubarri
A no less significant contribution is the destruction of ambassadors, the only ceremonial path to large royal chambers. This was done for the construction of the apartments of the daughters of Louis XV.
Some of the gate
The unshakable power. Frantsuz Royal Yard.
In the gate finish symbols of the King- "Sun"
Golden Gate.
Versailles Palace; Stone Saint-Le
Significant changes in the park did not occur compared with the times of Louis XIV; The only inheritance of Louis XV in the parks of Versailles is the completion of the fabrication of Neptune basin between 1738 and 1741 (Verlet, 1985). In recent years, His Board, Louis XV, on the advice of the architect Gabriel, began the reconstruction of the facades of the palace courtyards. On another project, the palace was supposed to get classic facades from the city side. This project of Louis XV continued all the time of the reign of Louis XVI, and was completed only in the twentieth century (Verlet, 1985).
Mirror
All accounts associated with the construction of the palace are preserved to our time. The amount that takes into account all costs is 25,725,836 livres (1 Livra corresponded to 409 g of silver), which, in general, the account was 10,500 tons of silver or 456 million guilders of 243 g of silver / converts to modern cost almost impossible. Based on the price of silver in 250 euros per kg, the building of the palace absorbed 2.6 billion euros / based on the purchasing power of the then guilder as 80 euros, construction cost 37 billion euros. By setting the cost of building a palace to the relationship with the state budget of France in the XVII century, a modern amount of 259.56 billion euros is obtained.
Facade Palace. Chases Louis 14.
Almost half of this amount is spent on creating interior decoration. The best masters of the Jacob era, Jean Joseph Chapes created luxurious boousers. [Source not specified 859 days] These expenses were distributed for 50 years, during which the construction of the Versailles Palace, completed in 1710, wasted.
Impovernment August
Roman busts
The portion of the future building demanded land work in a huge amount. Recruiting workers with surrounding villages passed with great difficulty. The peasants were forced to become "builders." To increase the number of workers on the construction of the palace, the king forbade all private construction in the vicinity. Workers were often covered from Normandy and Flanders. Almost all orders were conducted through tenders, the expenses of performers exceeding the originally named were not paid. In peace times, the army was also attracted to the construction of the palace. Finance Minister Jean-Baptiste Colber followed economy. The forced presence of an aristocracy at the courtyard was an additional precautions from Louis XIV, thus ensuring full control over the activities of the aristocracy. Only at the courtyard it was possible to get ranks or posts, and who was leaving, lost his privileges
Fountains Versailles
On May 5, 1789, representatives of the nobility, clergy and bourgeoisie gathered in the Versailles Palace. After the king, who, according to the law, was given the right to collect and dissolve such events, closed the meeting for political reasons, the deputies from the bourgeoisie declared themselves with the National Assembly and retired to the Ball House. After 1789, it was possible to contain the Versailles Palace only with difficulty.
Architectural elements of the palace finish
On October 5-6, 1789, first the crowd from Paris offend, and then the National Guard under the command of Lafayette appeared in Versailles demanding that the king and his family, as well as the National Assembly, moved to Paris. Submitting to power pressure, Louis XVI, Maria-Antoinette, their relatives and deputies moved to the capital. After that, the value of Versailles as the administrative and political center of France decreased and was not restored in the future.
Since the time of Louis-Philippe, many rooms and premises began to restore, and the palace himself became an outstanding national historical museum in which busts, portraits, paintings of battles and other works of art predominantly historical value were exhibited.
Proclamation of the German Empire in 1871
The Versailles Palace was of great importance in German-French history. After France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, he from October 5, 1870 to March 13, 1871 was a residence of the headquarters of the German army. On January 18, 1871, the German Empire was proclaimed in the mirror gallery, and its Kaiser - Wilhelm I. This place was deliberately selected to humiliate the French.
The peace treaty with France was signed on February 26, too, in Versailles. In March, the evacuated French government moved the capital from Bordeaux to Versailles, and only in 1879 again to Paris.
At the end of World War II, a preliminary truce was concluded in the Versailles Palace, as well as the Versailles Agreement, which the defeated German Empire was forced to sign. This time, the historical place was chosen by the French to humiliate the Germans.
The hard conditions of the Versailles Agreement (including huge contact payments and the recognition of sole guilt) lay down in a serious cargo on the shoulders of the Young Weimar Republic. Because of this, the views are common that the consequences of the Versailles were the basis for the future of Nazism in Germany.
Marble courtyard of Versal
After World War II, the Versailles Palace became the place of German-French reconciliation. This is evidenced by the festivities about the 40-year anniversary of the signing of the Charming Treaty, which took place in 2003. Versailles Palace
The following kings and members of their families were born in the Versailles Palace: Philip V (King of Spain), Louis XV, Louis XVI,
Many European palaces were built under the undoubted influence of Versailles. These include San Susta Castles in Potsdam, Schönbrunn in Vienna, Big Palaces in Peterhof, Rapetti Manor in Luga, Gatchina and in Rundale (Latvia), as well as other palaces in Germany, Austria and Italy.
Busts and sculptures
Bust of Louis Xiv by Gianlorenzo Bernini
Busts in the Hall of Mirrors
Buste de Louis XV, Jean-Baptiste II Lemoyne (1749), Apartment Dofina, Louis 15
Madame Clotilda
Buste de Charles X, 1825, François-Joseph Bosio
Maria Antoinetta.
François Paul Brueys.
Mirror Gallery
SALLE DES CROISADES.
Sleeping Ariadna
Escalier Gabriel
Petit_appartement_du_roi
Lobby ceiling
Entrance from the lobby
Lobby
SALLE DES GARDES DE LA REINE
Louis Salon 14, Medal with the image of the Roman Legionnaire
Salon De Vénus, Louis XIV En Empereur Romain, Jean Varin
Coat of arms Louis Phillip
Pictures
Reception of Persian Ambassadors Louis 14, Coypel Antoine
Creator: Claude Guy Hallé (Français, 1652-1736)
Louis 14, author unknown
King Sun, Jean-Léon Gérôme (Français, 1824-1904)
Model staircase ambassadors
Staircase. After
Lobby decor,
Maria -Zhozhefina Saxon and Count Burgundy, Maurice Cantne de latat (author)
La Remise De L "Ordre du Saint-Esprit, Nicolas Lancret (1690-1743)
Apartment Louis 14.
Apartments Dofina
Allegory, ceiling painting,
The Birth of the Duke of Burgundy At Versailles On 6 August 1682 by Antoine Dieu
Royal flower in gold.
Blue Cabinet
Chambers in the big trianone
Mary - Antointetti
Bed Madame Pompadour.
Napoleon's chambers
Decor of the Palace
Angels, ceiling of reception salons
Mirror Gallery
Coat of arms of Louis 14.
Chandeliers and candelabra
Cutlery and fireplaces
Porcelain
Josse-François-Joseph Leriche, Queen Toilet
Coyau.
The most extensive object of France, entered into the UNESCO World Heritage List since 2000 in the Cultural Landscapes category - Valley Loire . This delightful area with a length of 280 km and an area of \u200b\u200b800 km2 is a unique universal value.
Loire Valley is a memorable place of history and art. It is clearly traced in it, as a person, over time, managed to take his place all over the river, caught up and even defended her, from the danger she represented. Landscape of the Loire Valley, its numerous cultural monuments clearly show the idea of \u200b\u200brevival and enlightenment regarding the idea and creating Western Europe. Here is a wonderful architectural heritage - historical cities: Blois, Shinon, Orleans, Somur, Tour, Nantes or Angers, and world famous monuments: Chambor's castle or Schuenonso, Royal Castle Amboise, Gardens of Villalandry Castle, Clo-Luce Castle, and the Royal Abbey Fontiewly. These castles are an excellent visual and historical chronicle of the major and small events of the history of France.
(Total 22 photos)
1. Shambor Castle, Loire Valley, France
2. Castle Saumur (Chateau de Saumur) is located in the region of the country of Loire, on the historic road of the Kings Valley. Built at the end of the XI century, Sumur's castle was alternately a fortress, a pleasure residence, a residence of the city governors, a prison, then the warehouse of weapons and ammunition. The castle rummaged over the city and the majestic Laurai Castle was bought from the state in 1906 by the city of Saumour and, after partial restoration, the municipal museum was opened in it.
4. Azay-Le-Rido Castle (Azay-Le-Rideau) is located in the Loire Center Region. Endreated on the island in the middle of the Endre River, the castle in his present was constructed on the board of Francis I rich financier Bervelo, who wanted to embody Italian innovations in French architect. Surrounded by greens, the castle was washed by the waters of Eden, which reflect his walls. Aze-Le Rido Castle, recognized as a historical monument, is an embodiment of the refinement characteristic of the castles of the beginning of the French Renaissance.
6. Lange Castle (Le Chateau de Langeais) is located in the Loire Center Region, on the Border Anjou and Turnya. There are two unique castles in Lange Castle: Fulka Tower Nerre and Louis Castle Xi. The first of them is the most ancient Donjon in France, and the second has two facades, the medieval from the city and the Renaissance - from the courtyard. The first castle, located on a hill above Laoray, was erected in 994 by the powerful and formidable Anzhuy Graph Fulish Nerra. Today it is one of the oldest donzhons in France: a significant part remains, dressed in our time by forests, recreation of the medieval construction site. These forests and lifting mechanisms transfer visitors during the builders of the tenth century. On the other hand, the courtyard is the second Royal Castle, built on the orders of Louis XI at the end of the 15th century (in 1465). Louis Xi wanted to be controlled by the right bank of the Loire from the height of the towers of the castle and the railway. Its magnificent facade is thus equipped with a sentiment, towers and a lifting bridge from the city. In the courtyard, the facade window decorated with an ornament emphasizes the renaissance sophistication of this pleasant, pleasing eye of the residence.
7. Historical wedding. On this walls on December 6, 1491, the fate of France and Brittany was solved at the marriage ceremony of Charles VIII with the Duchess Anna Breton. This marriage marked the accession of duchy to the French crown, thereby putting the end of its independence. The spectacle affecting its realism will postpone the visitor to the center of this most important for the history of France events.
9. Schhenonceau Castle (Chateau Chenonceau) is located in the Loire Center-Dolina Region. The treasure of the crown, then the royal residence, Schhenonce Castle is unique in its original location on the Cher River, as well as its destiny. He was loved, cherished and guarded women, such as Diana de Poitiers and Ekaterina Medici. Nowadays, Schononce Castle is the second on attendance of the castle in France after Versailles.
12. Park and Valence Castle (Chateau de Valence) were built during Louis XIII. The castle is built on the site of the old feudal fortress. Over time, it is rebuilt and harmoniously combines the style of early rebirth and classicism. In 1803, Napoleon buys this magnificent castle, which is becoming the property of Prince de Talleran, Minister of Foreign Affairs. The latter, thanks to this, can take important guests with the luxury luxury. Napoleon decides to acquire Valance Castle for its famous Minister of Foreign Affairs Charles Maurice de Talleran in 1803, so that he could make European high-ranking faces with the luxury luxury. The castle is located in Berry and combines two architectural styles - revival and classicism. It is fully furnished and is also surrounded by excellent French-style gardens and an English park.
15. The medieval fortress of Amboise (AMBOISE) located in the Loire Center-Dolina region in the city of Amboise, becomes the royal residence in the rule of Karl VIII and Francis I (end of the XV-beginning of the XVI centuries). Many European artists and writers live at the court in Amboise at the invitation of kings, like Leonardo da Vinci, who rests in the castle chapel.
