Representatives of the Russian branch of Travelport shared the results of the 2018 survey. It turned out that our compatriots no longer imagine traveling without smartphones.
Recall that Travelport, headquartered in England, is the developer of a travel platform where participants in the global tourism industry (for example, airlines and hotels) offer their services, annually conducts research on international markets. This time 16,000 active travelers from 25 countries took part (a year ago there were 11,000 people from 19 countries).
According to Travelport Development Manager Anastasia Prudius, 76% out of a thousand Russians completely rely on a smartphone, 75% (the highest figure in Europe) prefer electronic boarding passes and tickets (again, it is convenient to present them at the airport right on the screen of the gadget). About 65% of our compatriots use mobile applications for searching and booking tickets, and 60% register for flights online. Another 59% of respondents from Russia pay for their trips using Apple Pay or Samsung Pay.
Approximately 44% of Russian tourists fell in love with "voice search", ahead of the British, French, Canadians, British, Japanese. By the way, in Japan "voice" is used by 40% of travelers. In general, half of those surveyed from around the world (3% more than in 2017) adopted this feature of smartphones. China and Turkey are in the first place: 70% of tourists there “talk” with their mobile devices.
“According to our data, by 2020, about 30% of all travel requests will occur through “voice search”. These are programs like Siri in the iPhone,” says Anastasia Prudius.
Ms. Prudius also said that the Russians are ready for the transition to biometric scanning of personal data (for example, the iris), which will take place, according to forecasts, by 2025, when the function will appear on smartphones. Over the next three years, 77% of airports and more than 70% of airlines will develop biometric identification programs. At the moment, 9% of air gates have installed the appropriate scanners, by 2021 there will be 50% of them. Already, 82% of Russian respondents would like to have smartphones with a biometric identification program so as not to stand in queues at passport control. In this enthusiasm, Russia has left China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, Turkey, Great Britain, and the USA behind.
Smartphone addiction is a general trend. Only 80% of survey participants from around the world confirmed that they are afraid to be without a gadget on a trip: they may get lost or lost.
Another trend: 83% of Russian tourists read reviews on social networks before their trip, and 85% on TripAdvisor. At the same time, 36% make the final decision by viewing the posts of friends, 49% - by reading TripAdvisor. Such high trust in the experience of other travelers is not observed in other European countries.
Nevertheless, Russia ranks 16th in terms of activity in the field of digital technologies in tourism. Last year's 14th position, our country lost to Hong Kong. Leading, as in 2017, India.
Despite the integration of technology into our lives, many still think conservatively. Thus, according to a survey last year, more than half of Russians aged 24 to 44 preferred to buy ready-made tour packages from agencies.
Lisa Gille
FOREIGN TOUR
In public discussions about the location of our country in the world community, the topic of "brain drain" is almost invariably present, and here, of course, even people who are far from IT most often cite the computer industry as an example. There is another approach to the same problem - from the educational sphere: when they try to substantiate the thesis that the training of IT specialists is at a high level in our country, they usually refer to the huge number of people from Russian universities working in Western countries as confirmation. IT companies. We will not talk now about the legitimacy of these judgments, although a number of such provisions are clearly based on myths, often created precisely in order not to touch upon other issues relevant to the Russian IT industry...
And yet - what is the Russian segment of the foreign IT community? How big is it, from whom is it formed? Is it of interest to us, who live in Russia, or is it already a "cut piece"? And finally, is it possible to talk about the existence of the Russian community, or are they just separate people who have nothing to do with each other?
The meeting of the Russian employees of Microsoft took place in
informal setting
These questions are, in my opinion, open, requiring serious study, including on the basis of reliable data. I managed to move a little in this direction in February, having visited an unusual event - the Russian Microsoft Community Meeting, held at the Microsoft campus in Redmond (USA).
"Where does the Motherland begin?"
Microsoft is not only a large international, but also a multinational company. Of the 71 thousand employees (as of July 1, 2006), more than a third is the so-called International personnel (divisions outside the United States). The strategy of the corporation in the HR-sphere is clearly visible on the example of the Russian representative office: reliance on local personnel. It must also be borne in mind that in addition to full-time employees at Microsoft, mainly in its foreign branches, there is still a significant number of "contractors" who work, albeit for a long time, but on the basis of temporary contracts. One way or another, but it can be said with a high degree of certainty that about half of the staff of the corporation are not Americans.
| What is the Russian Microsoft Community today According to Renat Minazhdinov, who oversees the activities of RMC from the Russian branch of Microsoft, the situation is as follows. About 600 people work in Russia, in addition to them, about 200 - in other CIS countries. In the far abroad, mainly in Redmond, there are about 700 more, of which 600 are included in the Rodina subscription. The total is about 1500 people. True, here I would take into account that, in addition, in Seattle and its environs, at least a hundred or two Russians work in IT companies, including immigrants from Microsoft. Who are the employees of the corporation's representative offices in Russia and the CIS - in general, it is clear. And what is the Russian community of the far abroad? The range is very wide. Almost all of them are from the former USSR. But some of them have been working at Microsoft for ten or fifteen years and left at the time being already a mature specialist. Of course, many of them have American citizenship. Constantly arriving, although not in very large numbers, young people, graduates of our universities. There is another category of young people - those who left at a young age with their parents, graduated from schools and universities in the United States, went to work, and since then they have seen Russia only on TV. What are the motives for the unification of the foreign RMC? To begin with, we note that this community is purely informal - it exists in the form of subscribers to an online newsletter (online distribution list Rodina - something like a forum in offline interaction mode). A variety of questions are discussed here - from technical ones (“why is the program code written this way and not otherwise?”) To purely everyday ones (“advise a good doctor”, “where to go on vacation with your family?”). The mailing list is very active: up to 150 messages per day; everyone can ask a question or answer a colleague. So, the first stimulus is the convenience of communication in the native language and the closeness of the mentality. But there is another important point - the growth of interest in the historical homeland, both culturally and in business and career terms. Among other things, this is due to the increase in the status of our country in the eyes of the world community as a whole. For example, a noticeable incentive to participate in local events for many "Russian Americans" is the opportunity to visit Russia, not only to see relatives, but also to see the country with their own eyes. |
True, it should be noted here that according to their functions, Microsoft personnel is divided into main and approximately equal in size groups - Business and Sales & Marketing. The first is those who actually create the company's products, and almost all of them are located in Redmond. Here, of course, the share of Americans significantly exceeds 50%, but there are also plenty of foreigners.
There is no official information about the ethnic composition of Microsoft personnel, but it can be said for sure that Russians do not dominate in it *1. This can be seen at least from the fact that the number of the Russian office is significantly inferior to the subdivisions of a number of other European countries, India, China. Based on the experience of participating in foreign Microsoft conferences, I can say that among the participants from the corporation, Asian names are more common than Russian ones.
*1 We use the word “Russian” here in the sense of the language that is native or one of the main ones for a person, regardless of his place of birth and current citizenship.
There is another important point. It is no secret that our compatriots abroad are not very inclined to support contacts on a national basis, in any case, their activity in this regard is significantly lower than among the natives of Asia. And the latter, for such consolidation, due to their mentality, do not even need to make formal efforts, create some kind of organizing committees, etc.
Nevertheless, the unification process of the Russian Microsoft Community (RMC) began ten years ago: it was then that a small initiative group of immigrants from the former USSR, headed by Vyacheslav (Steve in the American version) Chernyavsky and Leonid Litvak, began to conduct a regular Russian-language newsletter among corporate employees. This was the basis for the formation of a community called Rodina.
New phase of consolidation
A serious impetus to this process was given by the active involvement of the Russian representation in it. It was thanks to the efforts of Olga Dergunova, president of Microsoft in the CIS, that in January 2006 the first face-to-face meeting of the corporation's Russian community took place in Redmond. Then this initiative was transferred to the rails of systematic work - this issue is supervised by the IT pro community collaboration group (cooperation with the community of IT professionals) of the Russian branch of Microsoft, headed by Renat Minazhdinov. At the end of last spring, the second such meeting was held, and now the third one.
| On the Microsoft campus Visiting the Microsoft town is an interesting event in itself! After all, it is one thing to discuss the business and products of the company, and quite another to see (and try to understand) how it all works from the inside. Of course, a one-day visit by itself will not reveal all the secrets of the global IT industry leader, but it can provide important information for a better understanding of many substantive issues. Microsoft's experience is interesting, and here's the point of view. Recently, there has been a lot of talk in Russia about the creation of technology parks, infrastructure for the development of the domestic IT industry. And here we must remember that Microsoft is an excellent example of just a start-up company that created, among other things, its technological and office infrastructure literally from scratch - in the forests of the distant outskirts of the United States.
A typical workplace of a Microsoft employee. Eddar Musaev was honored at the anniversary gathering communities as the most active foreign blogger As you know, Microsoft was founded in 1975 by two twenty-year-old school friends - Bill Gates and Paul Allen. At first, the company's office was in Albuquerque (New Mexico), but in 1979 he moved to the home of the founders - to the town of Bellevue, a suburb of Seattle. In March 1986, Microsoft was transformed into a public corporation, and a month before that, she moved to a new location - on the territory of the current campus in Redmond.
At the Microsoft Museum, you can join a quarter-century-old corporation team The corporate campus in its layout resembles a traditional campus of an American university. Its very creation was defined by Bill Gates within a very simple concept: the company should be connected not just by some organizational structures, but also purely territorially, by a single social environment. Twenty years ago, a simple rule was formulated - each employee can walk to any of his colleagues in 10 minutes! And this principle, although not in such a rigid formulation, remains guiding to this day. The Business Group division (software development, 34 thousand people) is located almost entirely in Redmond. This compact location distinguishes Microsoft from most other large companies that have a geographically distributed structure (we are talking about production divisions). Therefore, for example, when asking Microsoft representatives a question about the possibility of creating development centers in Russia, we should know the company's principled position: "Programmers sit in one place, in Redmond." The campus itself is located on an area of about 10 square meters. km in a forest park, which houses about 60 buildings (as well as sports grounds, park areas with ponds). But this, of course, is clearly not enough for Microsoft's business today - its offices are located in other parts of the town (10 minutes, but not on foot, but by car). In total, the company occupies (as of July 1, 2006) 108 buildings in the vicinity of Seattle (78 are its property, the rest are leased) with a total area of about 1 million square meters. m. In the center of the campus is a small corporate museum, as well as a store where employees can buy Microsoft software products at a 50-80% discount. During our visit, the shelves with Windows Vista were empty: the seller explained that boxes were brought in by containers every day, but by lunchtime they were all taken apart ... |
Note that a year ago in an interview with PC Week/RE (see N 9/2006, p. 41), Birger Sten, CEO of Microsoft Rus, identified the issue of establishing contacts with the Russian-speaking community of the corporation as one of the important areas of his work. At the same time, it was about solving not just cultural, but quite specific business problems: attracting technical specialists from Redmond to work in Russia in one form or another, creating conditions for the career growth of local employees, etc.
The implementation of these ideas could already be observed during the past year in various Microsoft technical events. For example, the Microsoft WebDevCon conference held in the Moscow region in June was attended by a large group of technical specialists from Redmond, among whom half spoke Russian. The effect was noticeable immediately, for example, in the form of the possibility of transferring "Western" advanced ideas, taking into account the local mentality. Not to mention wider contacts on the sidelines, and the interest in communication turned out to be mutual. The expansion of this practice of attracting Russians from Redmond was also visible at subsequent Russian Microsoft conferences.
Another important area of work is the organization of Russian-language channels of interaction with the help of modern telecommunications. Last fall, the Russian branch of Microsoft began to purposefully develop blogging systems among its employees (www.microsoft.com/rus/blogs) with the involvement of specialists from the US headquarters. As part of this direction, it is planned to expand the section of online forums (microsoft.com/rus/forums), as well as organize webcasts in which overseas Russians will make presentations and answer questions in a multimedia communication mode.
In addition, support from the Russian representative office allows the Rodina community to reach a new level of tasks. So, in his speech about future plans, Steve Chernyavsky, in addition to solving organizational and domestic problems (assistance in adapting newcomers, obtaining work visas for wives), also spoke about the possible support of technical initiatives and the implementation of joint projects with Russian developers.
One way or another, but the activities of RMC are developing and serve as a good example of cooperation between our country and a global international corporation. And because this question goes far beyond the scope of Microsoft itself. In one of the long-standing publications in the late 90s regarding the work of the Moscow office of the company, I suggested that when discussing activities (including criticizing and advising), one should consider the office not only as a branch of a corporation in our country, but also as representation of Russia in a global international corporation. In this regard, we note that the Russian Microsoft Community today is the first national entity within Microsoft, officially supported by the Russian leadership, a channel of communication between the Russian-speaking community within Microsoft and beyond.
Our editorial staff participates in the independent inter-regional journalistic project “IMAGINE! IDEAL RUSSIA”, the purpose of which is to give the floor to the citizens of Russia in the discussion about the images of the future of Russia. The idea of the project belongs to the members of the Association of Journalists Covering Family Issues.
We will present the opinions of our fellow citizens in the media. We invite you to participate in the project!
Hare Zoya Georgievna, 64 years old; higher education. Place of employment: MBOU DO GDDT Shakhty.
At my age and with accumulated health problems, it is quite difficult to think seven years ahead. May God live.
And in 2025 I will be 71 years old. Of course, I would like to see myself not in a wheelchair, and even more so not as a bed patient in diapers and with dementia.
And if you dream with a healthy dose of optimism… The teacher is retired.
I would like this very pension to allow, in addition to spending on medicines, a communal apartment and a grocery basket, to make decent gifts to loved ones - children, grandchildren, sometimes pamper yourself with some pleasant little things, trips to the cinema, nature, trips to the sea. In order to live and not survive, to live a normal, not a beggarly life, to maintain dignity, self-sufficiency and independence, not to be a burden to children, to the best of your ability to benefit, to be creative - it's time to parse the archive and work on a book.
By this time, my grandson by son will already be in high school, and perhaps another little man will appear in my daughter's family.
And also, I hope to continue to communicate with my adult graduates, in absentia in social networks, and sometimes take them at my place for a cup of coffee, even chicory, but for the sake of this occasion, with a spoonful of my favorite Amaretto.
The title of the project is “IMAGINE! IDEAL RUSSIA" suggests a description of a rainbow perspective, a kind of "City of the Sun", but life experience says that this is a utopia, and the world is far from ideal. And our city too.
Well, let's dream. In seven years, several new schools and kindergartens will be built in our city. By the way, this is actually planned. Following the example of Muscovites, the city authorities will find funds for a large-scale renovation of the housing stock, building up sleeping areas with modern houses with improved apartments and creating all the necessary infrastructure within walking distance.
The repair of the stadium will be completed in the city of Olympic champions, and modern tennis courts and sports grounds will be built in microdistricts. The staff of coaches and sports instructors will expand.
In the city park, a “float”, a summer theater and fountains will be restored, a stationary stage will be built, modern club rooms with open verandas for chess players and fans of other board games, an outdoor swimming pool for recreation, and flower beds will be laid out.
The roads will be repaired and will be constantly maintained in working condition. Equip stopping areas with benches, if possible with transparent canopies. They will finally replace outdated minibuses with more comfortable minibuses and achieve strict observance of the traffic interval.
At night, all streets and lanes should be illuminated. It is best with light sensors so that the lights automatically turn on at dusk and turn off at dawn.
Seven years is not long, but not too short. During this time, much can be achieved.
Of course, I want to see my city, the entire Don region successful, dynamically developing, promising, comfortable for life.
And Russia - strong, enlightened and prosperous, having great political weight and a powerful army. So that it would not even occur to anyone to open their mouth against our country, covet our wealth, threaten us with sanctions, and defame our athletes. We have long been a great country, and will remain so. And the world should take this into account and respect us.
Sukhova Valentina Yurievna, 62 years old. Education - the last: higher economic. Place of work, position - Shakhty city public organization of the Rostov regional organization of the all-Russian public organization "All-Russian Society of the Disabled", chairman (head).
- Imagine your personal future in 7 years. How do you see it in 2025?
If I were a little younger, then I would imagine my personal future somewhat different than I can imagine now. Firstly, I will be 69 years old, and this is the age of grandmothers. Secondly, and this follows from “firstly”, I hope that in 7 years my only son will finally make me happy with a grandson or granddaughter, and I will legally be considered a grandmother, and not just by age. Thirdly, and most importantly, I will devote the rest of my life to my grandson or granddaughter, which I could not do for my sons, I had to work hard, and I could not fully experience all the happiness of motherhood, I spent most of my time at work, for preparing for lessons, checking the work of students ... I will be free from work, all unnecessary public affairs and will travel the world, I myself will look and show my grandchildren. And I also want to see my son Pavlush and all my relatives and friends healthy and happy.
- What do you think will happen to your city, region, what will happen to the country as a whole in 7 years, in 2025? What major changes are likely to take place where you live and throughout Russia?
Well, this is a very difficult question! I think that Russia is in for a lot of shocks and changes, changes towards prosperity. The problems of small towns and villages will be solved, planning will be revived in the country, without which economic growth is impossible, there will again be free medicine, education, the people will have confidence in the future, they will begin to dream, believe and hope as in the old days.
The future of our city is not easy to imagine. Because there is no one such branch of production, as there used to be the coal industry, Rostovugol, which could once again raise the authority of our city. I think it is necessary to restore light industry, KhBK, that is, production that will make our city economically independent and will bring good profits to the city budget.
I see Russia as the main leader in the world with a high authority as a peacemaker, all countries will consider it an honor to cooperate with our country! So it will be!
- And what would you like to see your city, region (region, territory, republic), what would you like to see our whole country in 7 years, in 2025? What would be desirable to change, what should be achieved, what should Russia become?
I want to see the city clean, well-groomed, prosperous, without unnecessary boutiques and flower stalls. So that there are many parks for recreation with beautiful flower beds, fountains, and not only in the city center, but also in remote villages.
I want to see the country proud and independent. So that there are no poor and beggars in our country, so that pensioners live with dignity, and the economy is strong.
Slide 1
Homework
Your task at home
1. Be able to explain the bold in § 9
1. Read § 10 and answer the questions before it.
Slide 2
Russian history
Topic of the module (section) 2.
Lesson topic
Slide 3
Line lesson goals
personality development
Lines 1-2. Picture of the world in facts and concepts
Based on the facts, form a Civil War representation
about it as a turmoil, a spiritual and moral crisis of society, not
who managed to stop the fratricidal massacre. Concepts: Civil
war, red and white movement, intervention, internationalists,
red and white terror.
Line 3. Historical thinking.
Understanding the causes of the large-scale Civil War and its
escalation, expansion.
Line 4-5. Moral and civil-patriotic self-determination.
Realization that the Civil War in Russia was great
historical drama of the people that the only alternative
Civil war - the preservation and strengthening of civil peace, which is not
there can be no justification for any form of terror.
Slide 4
Slide 5
Knowledge update
Explain the concept of civil war.
What civil wars of their history courses do you
remember?
Civil wars in Rome, Troubles in Russia at the beginning of 17
century, the American Civil War between the North and
South…
Slide 6
Knowledge update
Write the dates of the events. (on leaves)
1. The overthrow of the autocracy
2. Seizure of power by the Bolsheviks
3. Dispersal of the Constituent Assembly by the Bolsheviks
4. The conclusion of the Brest peace with Germany
5. Food detachments, combos
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
February 1917
October 1917
January 1918
March 1918
Spring - summer 1918
Slide 7
Subject: Beginning of fratricidal war
Problem. Why did the civil war go on for so long in Russia?
Need to find out
Slide 8
Finding a solution
Table page 95
Name the two opposing camps at the beginning
Civil War?
Was there a single white camp?
How did the reds and whites solve the problems of the Russian
society?
Slide 9
Finding a solution
Diagram page 96
Why is the arrangement of social strata on the diagram
presented not with two, but with three colors?
-The special position of the peasantry is reflected.
Slide 10
Finding a solution
Diagram page 96 and table page 95
What political force do you think
ready to support the bulk of the peasantry?
Why?
-Democratic counter-revolution, since in defense of
peasantry, which was subjected to
food detachments and commanders, performed, first of all,
SRs.
Slide 11
Finding a solution
Table page 95
What were the social strata that were dissatisfied with?
into the white camp?
- The landowners are unhappy with the fact that they lost their land,
capitalists - factories and factories, kulaks and Cossacks -
egalitarian distribution of land and actions
food detachments, priests - persecution from
Bolsheviks, the intelligentsia - the dictatorship of the Bolsheviks
and lack of freedom of speech.
Slide 12
Finding a solution
Table page 95
On what issue were, first of all, general
positions of liberals and socialist-revolutionaries? What are they
were?
-On the issue of power. Both liberals and socialist-revolutionaries were in favor of
that power be transferred to the people
Constituent Assembly.
Slide 13
Finding a solution
Table page 95
What were the differences between them on the issue of
authorities?
-Socialist-Revolutionaries - only for the republic, part of the liberals
admitted that Russia could be restored
monarchy.
Slide 14
Finding a solution
Table page 95
On what other question did the Socialist-Revolutionaries and
liberals?
- For work - restoration of private property
to plants and factories, but with the recognition of rights
workers. The Socialist-Revolutionaries allowed workers' control on
private enterprises.
Slide 15
Finding a solution
Table page 95
What were the significant differences between the SRs
and liberals?
-On the peasant question: the Socialist-Revolutionaries defended
egalitarian land tenure, and the liberals
restoration of private ownership of land.
According to the national: liberals - for a single and indivisible
Russia, Socialist-Revolutionaries - for the right of nations to self-determination and
federation.
Slide 16
Finding a solution
Table page 95
Suggest if there could be a strong alliance between
Socialist-Revolutionaries and Liberals?
-No
Slide 17
Finding a solution
Table page 95
Did the Bolsheviks and Socialist-Revolutionaries have common positions?
What was the main goal of one and the other? What else
brought together the Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Bolsheviks?
-Yes. Build a just socialist
society. Equal distribution of land between
peasants, the right of nations to self-determination.
Slide 18
Finding a solution
Table page 95
What were the main differences between
them? Explain them based on the attribution of the Socialist-Revolutionaries to
"democratic counter-revolution".
-Socialist-Revolutionaries were against the concentration of power in the hands
one party, for a parliamentary republic under
preservation of democracy: power belongs to the people
elected Constituent Assembly, there are
political freedoms, no violence against individual
groups and layers.
Slide 19
Finding a solution
Map p. 98 and text p. 97-98
What events do you think are
the beginning of the civil war in Russia: February
1917 coup, October 1917 coup
year, the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, speech
Czechoslovak Corps?
Slide 20
Finding a solution
- The beginning of the civil war is considered the speech
Czechoslovak Corps, since it begins
full-scale hostilities between the Reds and
white.
1. Creation of local anti-Bolshevik governments
2. Joint actions of their armies and Czechoslovak
corps, their occupation of the Urals and the Volga region
3. The uprising of the Cossacks against the Soviets on the Don
4. The White Volunteer Army of A. I. Denikin cleared
from the Bolsheviks Kuban
5. The transition of the Bolsheviks to general mobilization
Slide 21
Finding a solution
Table page 95
What was the most important question in the fight
red and white movement? Why?
- A civil war is a war for power, because
solution of other issues was in the direct
depending on who has power in the country?
Slide 22
Finding a solution
Determine from the text and posters § 9 what methods
fight used white and red?
Agitation, propaganda, mobilization, military action,
terror.
Slide 23
Finding a solution
Compare the red and white posters. What is their essence?
What segments of the population are they intended for?
Agitation in their ranks.
The poster of the Reds - on the workers, the poster of the Whites - on more
educated sections of society.
Slide 24
No. Terror was widespread:
terrorist acts were committed by workers,
peasants, socialist-revolutionaries, reds, whites.
Slide 25
Finding a solution
Imagine yourself in the place of your fellow citizens,
participated in the red and white terror. For what
deeds and why would you feel remorse
conscience?
How did terror affect the ability to seek consent
in Russian society?
-Terror has further aggravated the conflict in the Russian
society
Slide 26
Finding a solution
Assess the balance of power between red and white to fight each other
friend in 1918 - does any of the parties have a decisive
advantage?
Bolsheviks: the center of the country.
On the side of the Bolsheviks, the workers and peasants are the poor.
Thousands of foreigners also fought in the Red Army -
internationalists.
White: the outskirts of the country, rich in bread.
Joint actions of the Czechoslovak Corps and the armies of the "White
governments."
Consolidation, unification of anti-Bolshevik forces
(Socialist-Socialist-Revolutionaries and White Guards).
Most of the peasants supported the Socialist-Revolutionaries.
Military assistance from the interventionists.
Conclusion. Clearly, the advantage is on White's side.
08.08.11 19:00
Slide 27
Subject: Beginning of fratricidal war
Problem. Why did the civil war go on for so long in Russia?
Need to find out
1. What was the composition of the opposing camps? (Which
social strata and political forces were included in them?)
2. What were their strengths and interests
3. What methods of struggle did they use
4. What was the ratio between them
Answer the questions of the lesson.
Answer the problem question
The civil war dragged on, as it was
the whole of Russian society is involved, the interventionists,
internationalists, conflict between
the opposing sides did not weaken, but
on the contrary, it increased.
Instead of the building of communism promised by 1980, the Soviet people received only the Summer Olympic Games. In general, our fellow citizens have an ambiguous attitude towards the Olympics in their native land, the games in Sochi have not yet begun, and they are already being criticized in the tail and in the mane. Perestroika publicists called the Olympics-80 "a feast during the plague" and argued that the budget could not withstand the Olympic burden, which led to the death of the economy. One way or another, Moscow managed to acquire dozens of new sports facilities, the most grandiose of which is the Olimpiysky sports complex on Prospekt Mira.
At the time of its opening, the Olympiyskiy had no equal in the world, and even now in Europe only Manchester, London, Cologne and Belgrade can boast of such indoor sports arenas. The complex consists of two sports facilities - an indoor stadium and a swimming pool, which began to be built in 1977 and completed in the summer of 1980. The official opening date is July 19, just the same day as the start of the Olympic Games in Moscow. A large team of architects was headed by Mikhail Posokhin, who, together with Boris Tkhor, was awarded the Lenin Prize for this project in 1982.
1980: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/59318
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Union Stadium was located on the site of the sports complex; Moscow football players were just getting used to the new kickball game. In Soviet times, "Union" was repeatedly renamed into the stadium of the Soviet Trade Employees, the stadium of the Profintern, "Burevestnik".
Football at the Union, 1912: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/81970
For the construction of the Olimpiysky, a large area was cleared, where, in addition to the stadium, there was an Experimental Chemical and Metallurgical Plant, the Voskhod factory and residential buildings of Vypolzov, Topolev and Samara lanes. A whole district of old Moscow with one-two-story wooden houses and dilapidated city estates was eaten up by a sports complex.
Vypolzov Lane, 1977-1979: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/110634
Demolition of houses in Topolev Lane, 1976-1978: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/104602
1979: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/100104
The apartment building at 47 Shchepkina Street has been preserved (architect E. Nirnsee, 1912-1914)
"The building of the House-Museum of M.S. Shchepkin was built in the late 18th - early 19th centuries and is an expressive example of urban estate development. This is one of the few wooden Moscow houses that survived the fire of 1812 during the capture of Moscow by Napoleon's troops. It represents an architectural wooden structure inherent in classicism, assembled from hewn logs using the “log without a single nail” method. Through the efforts of the staff of the State Theater Museum named after A.A. old manor house. It can be compared with a precious pearl that accidentally survived during the destruction and destruction of the cultural heritage of Russia, "- http://vk.com/pages?oid=-5822039&p=HOUSE MUSEUM
The Church of Philip the Metropolitan in the Meshchanskaya Sloboda is an Orthodox church of the Sretensky deanery of the Moscow diocese. The church was built at the place where Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich met the relics of St. Philip when they were transferred from the Solovetsky Monastery to Moscow. A stone building instead of a wooden one appeared in 1691, and in 1777 it was rebuilt according to the project of Matvey Kazakov. It is considered one of the best examples of Moscow classicism. By the beginning of the 20th century, houses of clergymen, a refectory, and an almshouse were located around the church; in the parish of the Philippovskaya Church, the Nikolaevsky Orphanage, the City Primary School and the Railway School were opened. Several buildings of the church ensemble were demolished in the 1940s during the construction of a school and during the construction of the Olimpiysky sports complex.
View from the Catherine Park
Here were the performances of the participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 2009
Burning of an effigy of Maslenitsa
Dozens of trade enterprises nested in the premises of the podium
Construction of the complex of the Cathedral Mosque
Back in the late 1980s, in the wake of the book boom, speculators appeared who almost legally traded books on the markets at several times inflated prices. There have been no fixed prices for a long time, the paper book is slowly becoming a thing of the past, and the book collapse in the Olimpiyskiy is still in place.
Indoor stadium:
Central Arena (126x90 m, height 24 m, stands for 35,000 spectators)
Gymnastics sports hall (42x24 m)
Game hall for team sports (42x24 m)
Large (36x18 m) and small halls of choreography
Gym
Training ice rink
Recovery center
The roof-membrane of the indoor stadium with a thickness of 6 millimeters is reinforced on the outer reinforced concrete ring, which rests on forty-meter columns. There are no other, intermediate, supports at the ceiling. The arena of the stadium is adapted for several types of surfaces. You can lay a synthetic carpet on it, a recortan treadmill or turn it into an artificial ice field.
The main arena can be transformed into separate venues for simultaneous competitions in different sports. The role of the partition wall is performed by a curtain made of corrugated metal in the entire height of the hall. During the Games of the XXII Olympiad, competitions of boxers and basketball players were held at the Indoor Stadium.
Olympic boxing, 1980: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/72282
Over the years of its existence, Olimpiysky has become acquainted with a variety of sports: boxing, basketball, artistic and rhythmic gymnastics, volleyball, ice hockey and bandy, karate and taekwondo, badminton, athletics and even biathlon.
In the 1980s, early spring matches of the USSR Championship and the USSR Football Cup were played on the Olimpiysky synthetics. It was believed that it was better to skin your knees on rough artificial turf than to knead the dirt in an open clearing. However, the players adapted to the unusual conditions and began to play in tights. Big football left Olimpiyskiy with the equipment of outdoor stadiums with modern drainage systems and heating, but until 2010 a winter international friendly tournament was held here - the Commonwealth Cup.
"Spartak" - "Torpedo" (Kutaisi) April 21, 1985, autographed by Nikolai Petrovich Starostin and Sergey Shavlo
Since 1982, Olimpiyskiy has become a popular music venue, hundreds of domestic and foreign performers from pop music to heavy metal have given concerts here. A historic event happened in 1987, when a Western rock band first came on tour to the USSR, Uriah Heep became the pioneers. They were followed by Status Quo, Pink Floyd, Black Sabbath, Nazareth and others.
In the photographs of the performance of gymnasts at the International Artistic Gymnastics Tournament for the Mikhail Voronin Cup (2013)
Alexander Dityatin - the hero of the gymnastic podium of the 1980 Olympic Games
finicky horse
Rehearsal of the festival of extreme sports "Breakthrough" (2013)
Swimming pool:
Training bath 50 m long (50x25x2.2)
Demonstration bath 50 m long (50x25x2.2, stands for 8120 spectators)
Jump bath 25 m long and 6 m deep (25x33x6, stands for 5070 spectators)
Children's bath ("paddling pool")
Sauna, training and gymnasiums
Vladimir Promyslov, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Moscow City Council (magazine "Olympiad-80", No. 43): "The quality of water in a swimming pool is guaranteed by its five-fold exchange during the day and the use of modern cleaning agents."
Panorama of the 1980s: http://oldmos.ru/old/photo/view/89352
