Probably every city has shops at bus stops. At least in my city there have been such stores for several years. It all started when one entrepreneur turned to the executive committee for permission to open his store right at the bus stop. Along with the application, he submitted a sketch of the future stop. The executive committee accepted his application, and a few months later, in place of the old peeling stop, a new one stood out, with a store at the end. By the way, this was one of the first 24-hour stores in our city.
The entrepreneur made the right move. He took a risk and was not mistaken. The building was registered as his private property, although the land remained leased from the city. Later, he was able to mortgage this store to the bank and use the loan money to build a second one. As far as I know, he now has five convenience stores. And do you know when real success began in his life? At the end of 2008. When all TV channels reported about the global financial crisis. Obviously, it is in our nation’s genes that when there is danger, we need to buy everything that is sold in grocery stores. But now we won’t talk about that. I propose creating a company that will prepare all the documents, obtain permits, build, and possibly manage stop shops.
So, to build a stop shop you need:
- Obtain permission from the executive committee. To do this, you need to submit an application and indicate in the applications all the benefits that citizens will receive from the appearance of a new stop with a store. It is also mandatory to submit a sketch of the future stop.
- Build a stop shop. To do this, you need a sum of money from 20 to 50 thousand US dollars and a construction team. I hope that if you decide to create your own serious business, then you should have money. Although, if you don’t have your own money, you can take it from the customer. After all, we are making a store for him at the bus stop.
- When the store is built, it is necessary to obtain all permits and put the building into operation and obtain a document confirming ownership.
- In conclusion, you need to organize the trading process and you can hand over the finished work to your customer.
According to the most conservative estimates, the customer will spend about 70 thousand US dollars to build a stop shop (40-60 square meters of retail space). Of this amount, about 20 thousand is your net profit.
Advice: It is necessary to build 24-hour stores at bus stops in large residential areas, and not to forget that customers make purchases when they return home, and not when they go to work.
P.S. I specifically told you a business idea for building stores for other people. Since we usually perceive information more easily when we talk about someone else, and not about ourselves. Therefore, now that you have learned how to earn 20 thousand dollars by building a bus stop for someone else, you should think about building a 24-hour store at a bus stop for yourself. After all, this is a very good business. And your clients will thank you.
P.S.2. The average income of a stop shop is from 2 to 6 thousand dollars per day (depending on the area and competition). The payback period for the business is less than a year.
Good luck in your endeavors and achievements, dear blog readers.
Bookmarks:
1. There is a good business - disassembly . Even a crisis is not scary for this business.
2. In these difficult times, it is profitable to buyready-made cottages in the Moscow region . Now they are much cheaper.
3. There is a profitable business -ventilation installation . I recommend visiting this beautiful company website.
24 September 2015, 13:28, question No. 985665 Felix Yurievich, Irkutsk
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Hello, Felix Yurievich!
In accordance with the Federal Law of November 22, 1995 N 171-FZ “On state regulation of the production and turnover of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products and on limiting the consumption (drinking) of alcoholic products
Article 16. Special requirements for retail sale and consumption (drinking) of alcoholic products
1. Retail sale of alcoholic beverages ( with the exception of beer and beer drinks, cider, poire, mead, as well as wine, sparkling wine (champagne), produced by peasant (farm) enterprises without forming a legal entity, individual entrepreneurs recognized as agricultural producers) is carried out by organizations.
Retail sales of beer and beer drinks, cider, poiret, and mead are carried out by organizations and individual entrepreneurs.
in cultural organizations, with the exception of retail sale of alcoholic products carried out by organizations, and retail sale of beer and beer drinks, cider, poire, mead, carried out by individual entrepreneurs when they provide catering services;
A ban on the retail sale of alcoholic beverages in the places specified in paragraphs five and seven of this paragraph, does not apply for the retail sale of alcoholic products with an ethyl alcohol content of no more than 16.5 percent of the volume of finished products, carried out by organizations, and for the retail sale of beer and beer drinks, cider, poire, mead, carried out by individual entrepreneurs, when these organizations and individual entrepreneurs provide services public catering, as well as retail sales of alcoholic beverages carried out by duty-free shops.
Those. As you can see, you can sell beer if you open not a store, but a snack bar, which does not necessarily have to be a stationary object.
According to GOST R 50762-2007 Catering services. Classification of public catering establishments.
4.1. Public catering enterprises, depending on the nature of their activities, are divided into:
- enterprises organizing the production of public catering products (preparing factories, workshops for the production of semi-finished products and culinary products, specialized culinary workshops, in-flight catering enterprises (workshops), etc.) with the possibility of delivery to consumers;
- enterprises organizing the production, sale of public catering products and service to consumers with on-site consumption and take-out (export) with the possibility of delivery (restaurants, cafes, bars, snack bars, canteens, fast food establishments, coffee shops);
-enterprises organizing the sale of public catering products (with possible on-site consumption) (cooking shops, buffets, cafeterias, small retail chain enterprises);
- field service enterprises;
- enterprises organizing delivery and service to consumers in hotel rooms and other accommodation facilities.
4.9. Snack bar is a public catering establishment with a limited range of dishes and products of simple manufacture and intended for quick service to consumers, with the possible sale of alcoholic products.
Snack bars distinguish:
- according to the composition and purpose of the premises - stationary and mobile;
- according to the time of operation - permanent and seasonal.
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Hello Felix!
As you have already answered, such actions violate the law; below is an article that indicates the prohibition. It appears that such activities are carried out with the connivance of regulatory and supervisory authorities. Of course this is illegal. It is our duty as citizens of the Russian Federation to report to law enforcement agencies about facts of illegal activity, including the cases that you indicate.
2. Retail sale of alcoholic beverages is not permitted:
in children's, educational, medical organizations, sports facilities, and adjacent territories;
V
cultural organizations, with the exception of retail sales of alcoholic beverages
products sold by organizations and retail sales of beer and
beer drinks, cider, poiret, mead, carried out by individual
entrepreneurs, when they provide public catering services;
on
all types of public transport (public transport)
city and suburban traffic, at its stopping points
traffic (including at metro stations), at gas stations
stations;
on
wholesale and retail markets, at train stations, airports, and other places
mass gatherings of citizens and locations of sources of increased
dangers identified by state authorities of the subjects
The Russian Federation is fine
established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Specified
restrictions also apply in areas adjacent to such places;
minors.
In the event that the person directly carrying out the vacation has
alcoholic products to minors (seller), doubts about
When this buyer reaches the age of majority, the seller has the right to demand from
this buyer's identification document (including
identity document of a foreign citizen or a person without
citizenship in the Russian Federation) and allowing to establish age
this buyer. Scroll
relevant documents are established by the authorized
The Government of the Russian Federation, the federal executive body
authorities;
Prohibition on retail sale of alcoholic beverages in the places specified in paragraphs five and seven
of this paragraph does not apply to the retail sale of alcoholic beverages
products with an ethyl alcohol content of no more than 16.5 percent
volume of finished products sold by organizations and retail
sale of beer and beer drinks, cider, poiret, mead, carried out
individual entrepreneurs, when these organizations provide and
individual entrepreneurs of catering services, as well as
for retail sales of alcoholic beverages carried out by stores
duty free trade.
Prohibition on retail sale of alcoholic beverages in the places specified in paragraph seven
of this paragraph does not apply to the retail sale of wine,
sparkling wine (champagne), including when providing services
public catering, agricultural producers in
stationary premises at the location of the production of wine, sparkling
wine (champagne).
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Is it possible to sell beer with a catering activity while being at a bus stop or 5 meters from it?
Felix Yurievich
No, you cannot sell beer at a bus stop even if you have a type of activity - catering
2. Retail sale of alcoholic beverages is not permitted:
in children's, educational, medical organizations, sports facilities, and adjacent territories;
on all types of public transport (public transport) of urban and suburban traffic, at stopping points (including metro stations), at gas stations; at wholesale and retail markets, at train stations, at airports, in other places of mass gathering of citizens and places where sources of increased danger are located, determined by government authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation. The specified restrictions also apply in the territories adjacent to such places;
at military facilities and adjacent territories;
in non-stationary retail facilities;
without accompanying documents in accordance with the requirements of Article 10.2 of this Federal Law, without information established by paragraph 3 of Article 11 of this Federal Law, without certificates of conformity or declarations of conformity, without marking in accordance with Article 12 of this Federal Law.
Ban for retail sale of alcoholic beverages in the places indicated in the paragraphsfifth And seventh of this paragraph, does not apply for the retail sale of alcoholic products with an ethyl alcohol content of no more than 16.5 percent of the volume of finished products, carried out by organizations, and for the retail sale of beer and beer drinks, cider, poire, mead, carried out by individual entrepreneurs, when these organizations and individual entrepreneurs provide services public catering, as well as retail sales of alcoholic beverages carried out by duty-free shops.
(as amended by Federal Law dated December 25, 2012 N 259-FZ)
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How do they circumvent the law, paragraph 2, article 16 of the Federal Law of November 22, 1995?
Felix Yurievich
2. Retail sale of alcoholic beverages is not permitted:
in children's, educational, medical organizations, sports facilities, and adjacent territories;
in cultural organizations, with the exception of the retail sale of alcoholic beverages carried out by organizations, and the retail sale of beer and beer drinks, cider, poire, mead, carried out by individual entrepreneurs when they provide catering services;
(as amended by Federal Law dated December 25, 2012 N 259-FZ)
on all types of public transport (public transport) of urban and suburban traffic, at stopping points (including metro stations), at gas stations;
at wholesale and retail markets, at train stations, at airports, in other places of mass gathering of citizens and places where sources of increased danger are located, determined by government authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation. The specified restrictions also apply in the territories adjacent to such places;
at military facilities and adjacent territories;
in non-stationary retail facilities;
minors. If a person directly distributing alcoholic products to minors (the seller) has doubts about whether this buyer has reached the age of majority, the seller has the right to demand from this buyer an identification document (including an identification document of a foreign citizen or stateless person in the Russian Federation) and allowing you to determine the age of this buyer. The list of relevant documents is established by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation;
(as amended by Federal Law dated July 21, 2011 N 253-FZ)
without accompanying documents in accordance with the requirements of Article 10.2 of this Federal Law, without information established by paragraph 3 of Article 11 of this Federal Law, without certificates of conformity or declarations of conformity, without marking in accordance with Article 12 of this Federal Law.
The ban on the retail sale of alcoholic products in the places specified in paragraphs five and seven of this paragraph does not apply to the retail sale of alcoholic products with an ethyl alcohol content of no more than 16.5 percent of the volume of finished products carried out by organizations, and to the retail sale of beer and beer gardens. drinks, cider, poire, mead, carried out by individual entrepreneurs, when these organizations and individual entrepreneurs provide catering services, as well as for the retail sale of alcoholic beverages carried out by duty-free shops.
(as amended by Federal Law dated December 25, 2012 N 259-FZ)
The ban on the retail sale of alcoholic beverages in the places specified in paragraph seven of this paragraph does not apply to the retail sale of wine, sparkling wine (champagne), including in the provision of catering services, by agricultural producers in stationary premises at the location of the production of wine, sparkling wine wine (champagne).
(paragraph introduced by Federal Law dated December 31, 2014 N 490-FZ)
Good afternoon Felix Yurievich!
no way you can bypass part 2 of Art. 16 Federal Law of November 22, 1995 N 171-FZ (as amended on June 29, 2015) “On state regulation of the production and turnover of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products and on limiting the consumption (drinking) of alcoholic products” (ConsultantPlus)
Inspection authorities are often faced with a situation where the actual retail sale of alcoholic beverages is carried out in a place not indicated in the license. Example - Resolution of the AS ZSO dated December 16, 2014 N F04-12483/2014. It turned out that the company does not use the premises specified in the license for the retail sale of alcoholic beverages. In fact, the sale of alcohol is carried out in premises for which there are no title documents (documents confirming the right of ownership and use of the sales area in which at the time of the inspection alcoholic beverages were displayed for sale). In turn, the absence of title (confirming) documents for a real estate property actually used for the sale of alcoholic products is a violation of licensing requirements, liability for which is provided for in Part 1 of Art. 14.17 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
Failure to eliminate these violations entails the suspension of the license, and then its cancellation (Resolutions of the AS TsO dated March 12, 2015 N F10-435/2015, AS SZO dated October 21, 2014 in case N A56-45818/2013).
In addition to a stationary retail facility, legal trade in alcohol also requires warehouse space for storing alcoholic products. Their absence is also a violation of licensing requirements (Resolution of the AS ZSO dated 06/05/2015 N F04-19913/2015).
Article: Special requirements for a stationary retail facility for sale
alcohol (Snegirev A.G.) (“Catering establishments:
accounting and taxation", 2015, N 8) (ConsultantPlus)
There comes a moment in every person’s life when he understands that he needs to somehow realize himself. Since business is rapidly developing in the modern world, most men have at least once thought about opening their own business and working only for themselves.
When thinking about this topic, many questions arise - what to open, where to open, where to invest money and how to invest it so as not to be left empty-handed and not go into debt. In the search for ideas, many stop at buying an existing business - namely a grocery store. The logic here, of course, is very simple and, at first glance, ironclad - after all, no matter what, everyone always wants to eat, so it’s impossible to remain without customers!
If you have a desire to buy a grocery store and make money on the natural needs of a person, then you need to know some points and problems that may arise in such a business. So, what do you need to pay special attention to when shopping at the grocery store to avoid getting into trouble?
Despite the fact that a hungry person will find your store even in the forest, one should not forget that a good location is the main condition for the successful operation of a grocery store. If the store is located near a roadway, has convenient access by car, or is a pavilion at a public transport stop, then the likelihood that the store will bring you a good profit is very high. But, as a rule, the cost of such a store will also be quite decent. Therefore, if your budget leaves much to be desired, then this option will not suit you.
There are also so-called “home stores”. This is a store located on the 1st floor of a residential building, where, as a rule, residents of this building and nearby buildings go. The cost of such a store is several times less, but here you need to look around carefully. How many residential buildings are nearby, what kind of houses they are, how many apartments they have, and what financial capabilities your potential buyers have. And the most important thing to do is to correctly evaluate your competitors and decide for yourself whether you can compete with them or not.
When buying a grocery store, you should also understand such things as the form of ownership of the premises in which the store is located. If this property is owned and they are willing to sell this property to you, and you accordingly have the money to buy it, then this is very good and you automatically get rid of many inconveniences.
But if you buy the right to lease, then there are two options. The first is premises leased from an individual. As a rule, you can always come to an agreement with him, if he is, of course, adequate (which, unfortunately, is not always the case). And the second option is to rent premises from the city. This is where you need to read the lease agreement carefully. For what period and under what conditions is it concluded, is extension provided? The fact is that lease agreements for municipal property are concluded through auction, and this is a rather tedious procedure.
Of course, when purchasing a store, you should carefully examine the premises itself. What condition is it in, does it need repairs, but the main thing is whether there are fire and security alarms. If you think that you will do everything yourself, then do not forget that this is very expensive and if the business does not trample, you will have to leave this equipment there, and this is wasted money.
Go ahead. Let's look at the documents. The later the LLC is registered, the greater your chances that any unpaid taxes, penalties, fines, etc. will not come to light. A certificate from the tax office about the absence of debt at the time of purchase of the LLC does not guarantee that some debts will not emerge later. There must be a license to carry out the retail sale of alcoholic beverages. Unfortunately, it does not last forever. The maximum validity period of such a license is 5 years. Minimum – 1 year. It all depends on the financial capabilities of the licensee.
The fact is that the mechanism for obtaining such a license is quite problematic and financially costly, and revenue from the sale of alcohol is on average 40% of the revenue of the entire store, and on holidays it is as much as 70%!!! No matter how sad it may sound, you shouldn’t even get involved with this business without alcohol. And if you consider that from January 1, 2013, beer will also be classified as alcohol, which can only be sold if you have such a license, then you need to understand its meaning.
One year of validity of such a license costs 40,000 rubles to the state treasury (state duty), you must also meet all the conditions for obtaining a license: the store area must be 50 m2 or more, you must have a safe for storing funds, working fire and security alarms and a lot more. With all this, it is far from a fact that you will be given this license on the first try, but no one will return your money. You will continue to pay until you eliminate all the shortcomings or bring the ladies working there a magic envelope with money.
It is clear that someday the license will expire and you will have to obtain it yourself, but at the first stage I would like it to already be there. Remember that of all the equipment that is in the store, after purchase, only a couple of refrigerators will become yours. The rest was generously provided by product suppliers for temporary use.
And of course, be sure to ask why this grocery store is sold. No one will sell the goose that lays golden eggs without a good reason. As a rule, the legends are like this: we are leaving for another city, there is still business and there is no time to do this, or something like that. If possible, it is better to find out about the reason for the sale from third parties. Only they can tell you the truth, from which you can draw objective conclusions.
In general, these were the basic rules for beginning businessmen; of course, there are still many different nuances that you should pay attention to, but more on that some other time. Business in Russia is special and slightly different from business in other countries, but this has not only disadvantages, but also its advantages) Good luck.
Sellers and security guards in supermarkets cannot keep track of everyone. To prevent theft, owners of retail outlets have made their task easier.
Special frames at the entrance and exit are installed almost everywhere. How do they work and why do they beep even if nothing has been stolen?
What is “anti-theft” anyway?
"Antikrazhka"“anti-theft” is a system in self-service stores that prevents goods from being taken away for free. The visible (and audible!) part of it is the gate at the exit or in the checkout area. Stores have the right to install such systems in accordance with Appendix 4 to the decision of the SCRF of May 7, 2007 N07-20-03-001.
Anti-theft gates include an antenna and a receiver. The antenna sends a signal of a certain frequency to the receiver, and a detection zone is created.
If a tag is placed in this zone, it distorts the signal in a certain way. The receiver detects this and sends a command that activates the acoustic warning system.
The frame itself will not cause any harm; it only informs about the removal of the goods. On the cash register side, the gates are screened to reduce the number of false positives.
The gate can be connected to security cameras. As soon as the frame is triggered, recording starts.
What anti-theft devices are currently used in Russia?
There are three main types of anti-theft systems: electromagnetic, acoustomagnetic and radio frequency. Accordingly, the sensors they detect are different.
1. Electromagnetic anti-theft systems
The receiver and emitter of electromagnetic systems are installed on two different racks. They create a strong electromagnetic field with a frequency of 10 Hz to 20 kHz. The polarity of the field changes twice during a full cycle.
Tags for electromagnetic systems include several stripes on a sticker made of paper. One of the strips has a magnetostrictive effect. When it finds itself in a magnetic field, it acquires the properties of a nonlinear element. As a result, harmonics of operating frequencies appear in the magnetic field.
The remaining (one or more) strips in the tag are made of ferromagnetic. If such a strip is magnetized, it will neutralize magnetostrictive neighbor effect.
If you rub such a tag on a magnetic surface, it will deactivate. That's why your purchases are carried out on a magnetic platform!
The disadvantage of the system is that not only the cashier can magnetize and deactivate the tag. But the solution is suitable for preventing theft of metal products.
2. Acoustomagnetic security systems
Or “Why are there strange things at the exit of the store?”.
U acoustomagnetic tags the strip with magnetostrictive properties is not fixed and performs free mechanical vibrations.
As a rule, the frames at the output of stores operate at a frequency of 58 kHz. If an acoustomagnetic tag is placed in an alternating magnetic field between the transmitter and receiver, it will begin to vibrate at the frequency of the field.
The maximum amplitude of vibration is achieved if the frequency of the field (external) coincides with the resonant frequency of the strip (58 kHz).
The acoustomagnetic tag continues to vibrate for some time after it leaves the external field and creates its own magnetic field. If the receiver picks up the tag field, it means that they are trying to illegally remove the goods from the store.
To activate such a tag, you need it magnetize in a certain way - in compliance with the desired direction of the field and its intensity. And to deactivate the tag, it needs to be demagnetized.
An ordinary permanent magnet will not help here. A device is needed that generates a strong alternating magnetic field with decreasing intensity.
3. RF protection systems
RFID tag includes oscillatory circuit– capacitor and inductor. The detection system at the store exit interacts with it.
To deactivate the RF tag, you need to perform an electrical breakdown of the capacitor. To do this, the tag is placed in a strong magnetic field of the desired frequency (usually 8.2 MHz).
If the tag is torn or a piece of metal (large coin, etc.) is pressed against it, the frame may not detect it. Therefore, where possible, reusable seal tags are installed, which are stronger and cannot be removed without special devices.
4. RFID tags
RFID– a special type of radio frequency tags. Such tags are used not only on goods in stores, but also for travel on Moscow public transport, key cards for hotels, and so on.
The RFID tag has antenna and microchip. The antenna picks up electromagnetic waves from the reader or transmitter and then converts them into a signal or uses them to power the chip.
RFID tags are not deactivated. After the sale, they only change the information in it - establish a new status of the product. You may not even know that there is a mark on the product, and sometimes it is quite difficult to remove it (for example, from inside the spine of a book).
In theory, RFID tags allow you to be tracked. Based on the information in the tag, you can often understand how much the item costs, who gave it to you (by linking the tag data with the card data that was used to pay for the purchase), etc. Of course, for now this is more theory than practice, at least in relation to tags in stores.
Typically these systems are used in combinations
Clothing and shoe stores, as well as hypermarkets, usually use acoustomagnetic and radio frequency systems. They are more sensitive than electromagnetic ones and react to flexible sticker tags and hard removable seals, which are often glued to alcohol, jars of red caviar, etc.
Often, for such systems, sensors are developed for certain types of goods: products in bags and blisters, glasses, cigarette blocks, razors.
The most advanced systems include a function metal magnetic detection. They will not allow you to bring the same neodymium magnet into the store. Yes, and they will react to a foil bag.
Interesting fact: at the exit from stores with such systems, you can “beep” if, for example, you have a laptop in your backpack. A neodymium magnet is installed inside the HDD, and the frame is triggered by it.
How then do they steal from stores?
There are no electronic systems that cannot be hacked and deceived. Shoplifters (people who regularly steal food and things from stores) generously share their secrets on special forums.
The most common options are magnetic pullers in hands, foil bags and jammers. The first ones work in the same way as pullers at checkout counters: they deactivate tags using a magnetic field. A fairly large magnet has the same properties.
But good systems have samarium magnets. They are effective, but quite expensive. The average shoplifter simply does not have the money for such a magnet, and it will take a long time to pay for itself.
Therefore, neodymium magnets from hard drives are most often used. But they do not always work, because not only magnetic properties matter, but also the type of marks used, the shape of the magnets, their polarity and location in factory pullers. A neodymium magnet is not suitable for removing an acoustomagnetic tag, nor is it suitable for a radio frequency one.
Foil bags (booster bags) reflect the signal from the tag inside themselves. As a result, the tag does not work on the frame.
They even put foil under the lining of Louis Vuitton bags so that security doesn't suspect anything. But it is possible to calculate booster bags. Firstly, they are heavier than regular bags, because there can be up to 30 layers of foil under the lining. Secondly, bag owners often behave suspiciously.
Jammers generate white noise and are suitable for RFID tag systems. However, it’s also not easy with them. For example, if the jammer field is placed at the wrong angle, it will not work.
Want to try? Very in vain
Don’t think that if you follow the advice of shoplifters and make a booster bag, you won’t be found out. First, there are cameras and people watching the footage. If you regularly hang out in the same store, you may be recognized on your next visit, detained until the police arrive and presented with camera footage.
Secondly, if you were not grabbed by the hand at the time of the theft, then retribution may await you at the exit from the store or shopping center. The seller or security guard, seeing the theft, passes on the information. This is done in order to identify not only the thief, but also the accomplices to whom he transfers the stolen goods.
There are also funny situations. For example, when a magnet lying in the back pocket of jeans with an attractive force of 30 kg suddenly sticks to metal surfaces at the checkout with a roar. After something like this, it’s definitely not possible to escape unnoticed...)
Why then don’t the frames catch on their own?
It would seem logical: catch the thief, make the security guard's job easier! But frames relatively often have false positives.
Most often, frames squeak for no reason in the morning and evening, especially in those stores that are located in shopping centers and residential buildings. The thing is that in the morning and evening the load on the power grid increases sharply. As a result, impulse noise increases, which the frame can confuse with the signal of the tag on the product.
It happens that the frame is triggered by tags from another store, especially RFID. If you don’t immediately cut off labels from clothes, you’ve probably encountered this more than once. The system simply does not see the required status of the product or detects a non-demagnetized tag, so it is indignant.
And before the New Year, almost every visitor to supermarkets and shopping centers at least once “squeaks” on the frame. The abundance of New Year's tinsel and metallic decorations creates additional static interference. Hence the false positives.
* The calculations use average data for Russia
Situation. It’s cold winter, a considerable number of people crowd at public transport stops, many of them have not been able to leave for almost an hour, the reason for this is completely packed buses and the rare appearance of minibuses. Taxi drivers drive up to the stop without much hope, park nearby in the hope that someone, tired of waiting for their route, will decide to pay much more money for a quick and comfortable ride in a car.
However, people think differently and therefore patiently wait for their transport. This situation is familiar to many people who do not have their own car; many of them are not ready to constantly pay for taxi services, especially if there is a chance to catch the desired minibus or bus, but waiting for them to appear is sometimes very tiring.In some cities, offers have already appeared from entrepreneurs who have managed to combine taxi and minibus services, and as a result, the cost of their services has become two to three times more expensive than a trip by public transport, but the same amount of times cheaper than a taxi trip. This is a new type of transport service in large cities that lack transport on certain routes.
This is a business service for passenger transportation carried out by microvans familiar to residents of large cities, which are used as minibuses. However, their difference is that they are not tied to a specific route, it is formed directly by the passengers themselves, and the first passenger has the priority right to set the final goal. Once it reaches its destination, the van moves on to where the next passenger is required. At the same time, the further route is displayed on the information board on the car, and therefore people standing at stops know in advance where the car will go, and if this coincides with their need, they can immediately join.
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Otherwise, after the car has transported all the previously entered people, the new passenger can indicate his destination. Due to the fact that the approximate route is known in advance, this allows people who are going in a completely different direction to wait for the next similar car or standard minibus (or agree to a longer, and therefore more expensive trip). As a result, a person pays slightly more than for travel on public transport, but an order of magnitude less than for a taxi ride.
In other cases, such minibuses without a route allow you to get to your destination without transfers and without waiting for public transport. The cost of such a service is affordable for most people who constantly travel by public transport; it will not be of interest only to those who have a travel card or a persistent reluctance to pay even a little more than the cost of a bus ticket. Depending on the route and its length, the cost of a trip in such a car may be even less than on public transport, if we are talking about the need for transfers, because such a minibus travels directly.
This type of service is relatively new, so in many cities there is no fear of competition. At the same time, this service is not aimed at conquering part of the market occupied by minibus taxis, but at providing some alternative to them, and therefore there will be enough passengers for both public transport and a car operating without a route. Such a minibus can carry out passenger transportation in those areas of the city where there are no regular public transport routes at all. In this regard, such an undertaking has a fairly large number of prospects and opportunities for its development.
In any case, if an entrepreneur is seriously thinking about the possibility of buying his own minibus, then he can consider the option of organizing this type of business. However, it is worth noting that in some cases, starting a minibus without a route may not be advisable due to the insufficient supply of public transport and its satisfaction of consumer needs, and quite often at first the population will not trust this type of passenger transportation. At first, you will have to drive around the city idly, and those few passengers who are immediately interested in the service and use it will not show the costs of driver salaries and fuel. However, a car patrolling the city becomes a kind of advertisement, conveying information about a new non-standard service to potential consumers, which means that after some time the demand will increase significantly, and the business will become a stable source of income for the entrepreneur.
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To start work, you need to register as a business entity; in this type of business you can remain an individual by registering as an individual entrepreneur, but if there is a need to register a legal entity, then it is better to register a limited liability company. Then it will be possible to take advantage of a simplified taxation system, paying taxes in the amount of six percent of income or 15 percent of operating profit. The definition of activity is (OKVED 2) 49.31 Services for intracity and suburban passenger transportation by land, and on the basis of this the OKVED code is selected. The registration process can be delayed only if a legal entity is formed; becoming an individual entrepreneur is much easier.
However, after registration, you need to obtain a license to carry out passenger transportation. The licensing authority is the local branch of Rostransnadzor (Federal Service for Supervision of Transport), and here you must obtain a license directly for passenger transportation by transport with more than eight seats. If you plan to purchase cars with fewer than eight seats, then a license will not be needed. A large package of documents is submitted to the licensing authority:
Certificates of registration of the organization, its registration;
Charter of the organization, agreement on establishment or decision;
Information letter from the State Statistics Committee, with decoding of the codes;
Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE);
Order for the current General Director;
Company card with mandatory indication of legal and actual location, bank details, OGRN, OKPO, OKVED, contact phone number;
For each vehicle, a registration certificate, diagnostic card, OSAGO, OSGOPP;
For each vehicle driver: a medical certificate of health, a driver’s license with an open corresponding category, a work book with an entry in the relevant organization;
Lease agreement for a vehicle/leasing agreement for a leased vehicle/document of ownership of the vehicle;
Payment order for payment of state duty;
To conduct business in passenger transportation, you will also need to draw up a compulsory insurance agreement for civil liability of the carrier to passengers (OSGOPP), which became mandatory after the adoption of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1484 of December 30, 2012. The cost of such a contract for a year is calculated according to certain tariffs, and the tariff schedule is established not by the insurer, but by the government itself and is a complex calculation system based on many factors. Therefore, it is almost impossible to name the exact amount; it is calculated individually in each case.
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Also, in order to conduct a legal business, only drivers with driver’s licenses with open category D must be hired. Also, all vehicles must be serviced at a service station and checked for malfunctions before each trip to work. The entrepreneur must either have his own garage, on the territory of which car maintenance can be carried out, or enter into an agreement with a third-party organization that will deal with the ongoing maintenance of the entire fleet. It should also be noted that before leaving for work, all drivers must undergo a medical examination, which serves as permission and permission to perform official duties. After all formalities have been settled, you can proceed directly to your activities.
In this type of business, it will not be possible to get by with just one car; you need a full-fledged fleet of at least five cars. For ease of maintenance, it is recommended to purchase machines of the same make and even model. Also seriously think about where the machines will be located during non-working hours. Alternatively, you could consider storing cars directly by drivers, allowing them to start their workday without having to visit the premises. On the other hand, the entrepreneur must be able to contact his drivers at any time, for which the office and the adjacent territory of the vehicle fleet are equipped. The cost of renting a sufficiently large site can become a serious monthly expense, although it differs greatly from the location in the city and the city of work itself; to save money, you can try to find a place on the outskirts of the city.
For your work, it is preferable to buy new cars, preferably foreign-made. It is known that cars from Russian manufacturers are not distinguished by good quality, comfort and reliability. Therefore, it is best to turn to German or French cars. Microvans in this case will cost at least 1 million rubles, so the entrepreneur will receive a high-quality vehicle that will last for many years even under constant use, and will only need a scheduled and preventative technical inspection.
A feature of this business is the need to ensure control over passengers, because they do not pay a fixed fee, as in public transport, but pay for boarding at a fixed cost directly for the journey, depending on the mileage. That is, the system for calculating the cost of a trip in this business is almost completely identical to the payment for taxi services, only the tariff here is much cheaper. Therefore, cars are equipped with special devices that issue passengers tickets with which they pay for travel at the end of the trip. The device independently calculates the fare, that is, it is essentially a taximeter designed for several passengers at the same time. It is desirable that customers have the opportunity to see the current cost of the trip, for which purpose an information board is placed in the salon, on the screen of which the cost of the trip is calculated in real time. When the client reaches his destination, the driver checks his ticket number and the payment is made according to it. In some cases, an entrepreneur can install a validator and hire an additional controller, but this will only be an extra expense. An information board is also placed on the roof of the car, which shows the route and the number of available seats.
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Thus, each car will have to shell out up to 100 thousand rubles more to install and configure all systems. Hypothetically, an entrepreneur can do without installing additional systems by hiring only a controller, but then one cannot be sure that employees will fully transfer the proceeds at the end of the day, and such a counting system is very inconvenient for both themselves and passengers.
In many cases, it makes sense to launch an advertising campaign to inform the public about a new service. In this type of business, advertising in local media can be effective: radio, television, press. An entrepreneur must first of all show all the advantages of his alternative to public transport, but the most effective advertising will be that which promotes not a specific enterprise, but an idea as a whole. Therefore, for example, there is no point in maintaining your own website, as soon as in the mass consciousness this type of transportation ceases to be considered an incomprehensible novelty, the number of passengers will begin to increase. However, you can do without this, because such advertising will greatly simplify the entry into the market for new entrepreneurs who will become competitors. In any case, the population will perceive such minibuses directly as public transport, and not as a company offering taxi services. Thus, the best advertising would be the regular appearance of cars at public transport stops.
Due to the fact that this type of service is new in many cities, you should not count on making a quick profit; at first you will have to directly promote this service on the market, which may take more than one month or even a year. Considering the fairly large financial investments at the start of a business, we can talk about a payback period of several years. However, it all depends on how quickly we can reach the level where cars stop driving empty or half-empty. Since in this case the driver will most likely receive a fixed salary, you can count on the fact that when this service becomes popular among the population, the entrepreneur’s income will become very significant in order to constantly develop his business by purchasing new cars. Ultimately, you can move to the level of a full-fledged transport company that carries out not only intracity, but also intercity transportation, including on an individual order. Those entrepreneurs who currently operate minibuses but are dissatisfied with their efficiency can also think about this type of business.
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