Let L 410 "Turbolet" is a versatile nineteen-seat twin-engine aircraft for regional airlines. The aircraft with reduced take-off and landing properties (UVP in the name L410 UVPE20 means the Russian abbreviation "Shortened take-off and landing") was developed by the Let design bureau of the plant. It was intended for operation on grassy, \u200b\u200bunpaved, unprepared snow sites, as well as at airports with short lanes. Manufactured to date at the Czech plant Let. Other names: Turbolet, Let, L410, Let L410, conversational names - Elka, Cheburashka.
History of production and creation
Aircraft design began in 1966. For the first time, a prototype aircraft equipped with a Pratt & Whitney PT6A27 (2x715hp) turbine engine passed flight tests on 04/16/1969. Regular use of L410A aircraft was opened by the first at the end of 1971, the Czechoslovak aviation company "Slov Air" (Bratislava), which served the local aviation lines - by the beginning of 1974 it had acquired twelve aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. 5 aircraft (number 72010306 and number 720201) L410A with PT6A27 engines, built under the name L410AS by 1972, were transferred to the Soviet Union in 1973. The aircraft received registration Soviet numbers USSR67251 - USSR67255. The first of them was brought to the airfield by Frantisek Svinka, a Czech test pilot. The airfield people immediately called the pretty plane "Cheburashka".
In 1973, flight tests of the L410M aircraft, equipped with the Czech theater of operations Walter M601A, began. The L410M is the second production version of the Turbollet. In total, by the end of 1978, one hundred L410M / MU aircraft were received for the Ministry of Civil Aviation of the Soviet Union.
In 1979, the production of an improved modification L410UVP started, which became the main production model. This aircraft differed from the previous versions by a longer fuselage, large vertical tail and wing sizes, the use of spoilers and the Walther M601V theater (2x730hp). This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was taken into use by Aeroflot. Further development was the L410UVPE variant with more powerful TVDM601E. The first flight of such an aircraft took place on 12/30/1984. It has improved take-off and landing characteristics and a reduced noise level in the cockpit. In 1986 he was certified in the Soviet Union. A modification of the L420 with powerful TVDM601 ° F (2x778hp), a larger take-off weight (6.8t) and improved flight properties was developed (flight tests of the aircraft started in 1993).
By the beginning of 1992, 750 L410 aircraft remained in the Soviet Union.
It is used in military and civil flight schools for preliminary training of future pilots of military transport and long-range aviation.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union and CMEA in the 1990s, the demand for L410 aircraft fell, and the rate of their production decreased by more than ten times (from 50 aircraft per year to two to five). The situation has improved significantly since 2008, when 51% of the shares of Let Kunovice (Aircraft Industries) were bought by the Russian company Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company. The production rate in 2010-2012 was eight to ten aircraft per year. It is planned to increase the annual production rate to 16-18 aircraft.
In 2013, a modification of the L410 UVPE20 was produced, equipped with analog or digital avionics (optional), a TCAS system, and an autopilot. L410 UVPE20 is ARMAK type certified.
OJSC Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company in September 2013 acquired 49 percent of the shares of LetKunovice (Aircraft Industries). Thus, UMMC became the sole owner of Aircraft Indistries, increasing its shareholding to 100 percent.
The aerodynamic configuration is a twin-engine high-wing turboprop with a single-fin tail.
L410 UVP-E20 Specifications:
Length: 14.487m.
Height: 5.83m.
Wingspan: 19.478m.
Wing area: 34.86sqm
Flight range: 1500 km.
Maximum speed: 395 km / h.
Ceiling: 8000m.
Number of passenger seats: 19 seats.
Crew: 2 people.
Motor type: 2 × TVD GEH80200
Takeoff power: 2 × 800hp
Propeller type: 2 × AVIA AV725.
Number of blades on the propeller: 5.
Propeller diameter: 2.3m.
Empty aircraft weight: 4050kg.
Maximum take-off weight: 6600kg.
Fuel mass in main tanks: 1000kg.
Fuel weight in end tanks: 300kg.
L-410 UVP-E20 is a versatile Czech-made twin-engine aircraft for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. It is intended for operation on unprepared unpaved, grassy, \u200b\u200bsnowy areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an off-road aircraft.
The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, L-410 was also delivered to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself a part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and during its long-term operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation in the world.
Aircraft Industries production site in Kunovice, Czech Republic. Aircraft Industries, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The enterprise manufactures an aircraft in a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design office and an airport.
Shop for the production of parts of the fuselage L-410. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing its production - the light-green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year. About 80% of aircraft are delivered to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.
Production of parts on a CNC milling center of the French company Creneau:
Cleaning of parts before forming:
Punching press:
Fabrication of a wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center. In production, duralumin of Russian production is used. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.
Front wing assembly:
Checking the quality of the riveting on the airplane wing:
About 185,000 rivets of various types and sizes are used for one L-410 aircraft:
Riveting works in the middle of the fuselage:
Installation of floor panels:
Rear fuselage production:
Production of an air intake part for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787.
Assembly conveyor for L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610. In one half of the building there are two lines for the production of new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a workshop for servicing aircraft coming out of service:
At the same time, there are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop. At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing to be shipped to customers. Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1150 aircraft of the L-410 family. More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.
The process of finishing the aircraft luggage compartment in the bow after the completion of the installation of electrical equipment:
Assembling the emergency exit door:
The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible. Forward luggage compartment doors open:
Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally includes devices from Russian manufacturers:
Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin:
Installing wiring harnesses:
The five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with the GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It has been installed since January 2013 on all new aircraft and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR IAC.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of their own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant. The average age of the company's employees is 44 years:
Works on the GE H-80 engine, provided by a representative of the company from the city of Prague:
The stage of final assembly takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of the production, as within its framework engines, chassis and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight tests takes a little less than a year.
Cockpit of the aircraft L-410 UVP-E20. The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight and has an Advanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and Air Collision Avoidance (TCAS II). L 410 is designed in metric system (not inches), which is an exception in western aviation:
This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation program for training pilots at the Sasov Civil Aviation Flight School (Ryazan Region).
L-410 UVP-E20 is a versatile Czech-made twin-engine aircraft for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. It is intended for operation on unprepared unpaved, grassy, \u200b\u200bsnowy areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an off-road aircraft.
The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, L-410 was also delivered to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself a part of the Russian aircraft industry: the foundations for this were laid during its development and with a long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation in the world.
Aircraft Industries production site in Kunovice, Czech Republic. Aircraft Industries, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The enterprise manufactures an aircraft in a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design office and an airport.
Shop for the production of parts of the fuselage L-410. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing its production - the light-green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year. About 80% of aircraft are delivered to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.
Production of parts on a CNC milling center of the French company Creneau:
Cleaning of parts before forming:
Punching press:
Fabrication of a wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center. In production, duralumin of Russian production is used. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.
Front wing assembly:
Checking the quality of the riveting on the airplane wing:
About 185,000 rivets of various types and sizes are used for one L-410 aircraft:
Riveting works in the middle of the fuselage:
Installation of floor panels:
Rear fuselage production:
Production of an air intake part for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787.
Aircraft assembly conveyor L-410 UVP-E20. Located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610. In one half of the building there are two lines for the production of new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a workshop for servicing aircraft coming out of service:
At the same time, there are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop. At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing to be shipped to customers. Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1150 aircraft of the L-410 family. More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.
The process of finishing the aircraft luggage compartment in the bow after the completion of the installation of electrical equipment:
Assembling the emergency exit door:
The nose of the aircraft with serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible. Forward luggage compartment doors open:
Installation of avionics in the cockpit. Avionics traditionally includes devices from Russian manufacturers:
Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin:
Installing wiring harnesses:
The five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with the GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It has been installed since January 2013 on all new aircraft and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR IAC.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of their own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant. The average age of the company's employees is 44 years:
Works on the GE H-80 engine, provided by a representative of the company from the city of Prague:
The stage of final assembly takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of the production, as within its framework engines, chassis and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight tests takes a little less than a year.
Cockpit of the aircraft L-410 UVP-E20. The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight and has an Advanced Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and Air Collision Avoidance (TCAS II). L 410 is designed in metric system (not inches), which is an exception in western aviation:
This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation program for training pilots at the Sasov Civil Aviation Flight School (Ryazan Region).
Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarzh - chief test pilot of the plant:
View of the river under the wing of the plane. Moravu and Uherski Ostrog:
Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana. Planes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable coloring:
Leaving with a bend. Service ceiling - 8,000 meters:
Approach to the runway. The L-410 aircraft can land both on a hard-surfaced strip and on grass, ground and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation "Shortened Takeoff and Landing", which also reminds of the Russian roots of the aircraft:
Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkovice:
The medieval Gothic castle Buchlov (XIII century) is located 10 km from the town of Kunovice. Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia - the southeastern region of the Czech Republic:
Velehrad Monastery (XIII century) - one of the main pilgrimage temples in the Czech Republic. In 863 - 866. Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in Velehrad:
A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in Staraya Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city:
Among them is the Let L-410 aircraft. It is a versatile aircraft with two engines. It is used for short distances. There are only 19 seats in the cabin. It was developed at the Czech plant Let.
Turbolet Let L-410 is the full name of this aircraft. It is convenient in that it can be planted on a wide variety of sites and runways - unpaved, snowy or not very long. It is used for military and civilian transportation.
In the 60s last century in the USSR, the creation of a new type of aircraft was discussed, which would be used on domestic and short routes. The first developments began at the Beriev Design Bureau. This is how the type appeared Be-30... At the same time, they began to design such a model. in the Czech SSR.
The plane was supposed to be economical, so the use of turboprop engines was considered, and not jet engines.
In 1969 the first tests of Czech aircraft began. They used American engines. By the end of the 60s was produced 31 aircraft.
In 1974 L-410M with Czech engines was presented. Five years later, a new, improved modification of this aircraft was released - L-410UVP. It differed from the previous ones by its elongated fuselage, large wings, and vertical tail.
He was certified in the USSR and began to be operated
Other modifications were made to this model. They have takeoff and landing performance was improved and cabin noise was reduced.
The cockpit in Let L-410.
Now they are used in flight schools for training preparing for long-distance flights or military transportation.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, attempts were made to restore the work of the Let plant. Demand for L-410 dropped, and production was slowed down. The popularity of this model has decreased also because the number with its participation has grown. Total 106 cars was lost in this way with the total number of victims 406 people.
In 2013 The Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company bought a full stake in the plant, so three years later they decided to release this aircraft again.
Technical characteristics of the aircraft L-410
Its aerodynamic design is classical... It is a high-wing aircraft with two turboprop engines. The tail unit has a single fin.
You can see a photo of the Let L-410 aircraft below.
The length of the L-410 reaches 14.4 meters. Wingspan - 20 m. Aircraft height - 8 m. Its maximum takeoff weight is 6 600 kg, and the landing - 6 400 kg. Empty aircraft weight - 4 150 kg.
It can fly on routes with a range up to 1 540 km, and with maximum load - up to 1,040 km. Its cruising speed is 310 km / h, and the maximum is 400 km / h
L-410 is operated by two pilots. The salon can fit from 15 to 19 (the exact amount depends on the modification).
Modifications L-410
One of these types is L-410UVP. The last three letters designate one of the characteristics of the L-410 aircraft of this modification - “Shortened take-off and landing”. This is a short-haul aircraft. He took to the sky in 1976 first time. It was equipped with Soviet-Czech avionics.
The second common pattern is L-410NG. He has installed integral wing tanks. This made it possible to increase the capacity of the fuel system, which in turn influenced for the range of flights.
The engines develop more power, and the cockpit is equipped with avionics to new standards. The volume of the front luggage compartment has also been increased.
By 2017, they want to start mass production of this modification again.
L-410 (photos below) is one of the passenger aircraft models developed by the Czechoslovak company Let. The airliner is designed to carry people, cargo and mail over short distances. In its category, it surpasses many analogues in a number of indicators and is considered one of the best.
Short story
Design work under the name L-410 began in 1966 in the Czechoslovak city of Kunovice. Three years later, an experimental model of the model rose into the sky. Then it was equipped with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 engines. Over the next several years, the designers significantly modified and improved the aircraft. The key innovation was the new Czech Walter M601 motors, which were specially developed for it at the airline's plant in 1973. Later, the company's engineers created a number of modifications of the L-410 aircraft. The model quickly became popular, and some of its copies appeared on all continents.
In the early nineties of the last century, a real crisis began for the company: there were practically no orders for new liners. The situation changed dramatically only in 2008, when 51 percent of its shares were acquired by the Russian company UMMC (five years later, it bought out the rest). The new owners of the plant managed to significantly expand the portfolio of orders and make the model really in demand on the market. As a result, during this time, several dozen copies of the line were built and sold to various customers from Ukraine, Brazil, Bulgaria and Slovakia. A significant share of them went to domestic consumers.
Now in the world there are just over 400 aircraft of this line of various modifications. According to experts' calculations, only for the Russian market the demand for these airliners today is about one hundred copies. Work on the modernization of the model is not finished at the present time. As for the cost of the L-410, the price of the aircraft starts at 2.4 million euros.
General description and characteristics
The basis was the aerodynamic scheme of a cantilever high-wing aircraft. The model has a semi-monocoque circular fuselage and an all-metal structure. The aircraft is equipped with a tricycle retractable landing gear with a nose strut. As for the wings, they are straight and trapezoidal in plan. The model is assembled by a Czech company in a full cycle. In other words, there are lines for the production and assembly of all elements and assemblies, from surface treatment of materials to testing at our own airport.
The production version of the airliner, which is very popular nowadays, is equipped with two GE H80-200 turboprop power plants. The maximum flight range of the model is just over 1.5 thousand kilometers, while the longest flight duration is about five hours. The aircraft is capable of simultaneously carrying 19 passengers on board, excluding crew members.
Key benefits
Now a few words about the main advantages that the Let L-410 airliner can boast of. Reviews of experts in this area indicate that the main one can be called the lowest operating costs in the entire category. In addition, the aircraft is reliable and durable even in extreme conditions. The engines of the model are distinguished by unique traction characteristics, which are maintained at a fairly low pressure and high temperature. Among other things, this aircraft has the most spacious cabin in its category, a spacious luggage compartment and excellent safety parameters, which allows passengers to enjoy a high level of comfort. It should also be noted that the equipment used here is very variable for the installation of additional options. Thanks to its unique landing gear, the vessel is capable of taking off and landing even on short, grassy and damp strips.
Exploitation
Currently, the L-410 model is successfully operated on the territory of more than fifty states located on five continents. During the entire production period of the aircraft, a total of about 1,100 copies were collected. It is most popular in the countries of the former Soviet Union. As of today, the Czech aircraft plant produces the UVP E20 modification, which is considered the most modern and advanced in the line.
Often, Let L-410 aircraft are operated by airlines that provide air taxi services. In addition, the model is very popular in many world government agencies. It should also be noted that the manufacturing plant always provides its customers with all the necessary service support in a timely manner. The aircraft is also available in amphibious, ambulatory, medical, cargo and executive versions.
The cabin volume of the L-410 is 632 cubic feet. Thanks to this, even in its standard version, passengers are provided with a fairly high level of comfort. At the same time, one cannot fail to note the fact that often its interior is being finalized and additionally equipped for further use in the form of a corporate or private jet, which has everything you need for rest and work.
Flights in extreme conditions
As noted above, the L-410 aircraft can be operated quite successfully and safely even in difficult weather conditions. According to the technical data sheet, this airliner is designed to operate at temperatures ranging from -50 to +50 degrees. Thus, thanks to the unique design and heavy-duty fuselage, the model is actively used both in the scorching heat of the African and Latin American deserts, and in the coldest corners of the planet.
Certification
The L-410 aircraft was certified and received the corresponding type certificates in many states, including the Czech Republic, Russia, Germany, Argentina, the Philippines, Australia, Brazil and others. After the establishment of the European Aviation Safety Agency, the model received an EASA certificate, which applies to all In addition, the operation of this aircraft is allowed in many other states of the planet.
