Where the Titanic sank is the exact place. Where the titanic sank photo. Dimensions of the Titanic in meters

Disasters always excite the minds of people, even after a hundred years. Interest in any event can now be fueled by cinema, just one successful film and society will never forget about any problem or event. This is how the owners and the team of the Titanic went down in history, though not in the best light. But before talking about the shipwreck, it would be useful to know where the Titanic came from and where?

Travel between continents

Today, to cover the distance between Europe and America, it is enough to buy a plane ticket. Already on the same day, with this cherished ticket, you can be on the other side of the globe, spending 7-8 hours and not such a large amount. But jet airliners appeared in civil aviation not so long ago; before that, the situation was a little different. It is very sad, in the opinion of a modern man in the street, that it was about the invention of airplanes:

The only possible travel option is by boat. The journey could take weeks.
At the end of the 19th century, steamers were designed that made it possible to cross the ocean in 5 days.
But even in this short period of time, anything could happen, shipwrecks are not uncommon today.
But the main troubles that tormented the first pilgrims, in the form of scurvy and infectious diseases, faded into the background.

At the time of the commissioning of the Titanic, there were two main companies, one of them focused on travel speed , the other on comfort and luxury ... Looking at the interior of the Titanic, you can immediately understand which of the two offices it belonged to.

Protection of the unsinkable Titanic

Everyone has heard something about the unsinkability of the Titanic and some unique system installed on the ship. It all came down to three points:

Bulkheads	Second bottom	Pumps
There were a total of 16 watertight bulkheads.	It was located at a height of 160 cm and protected from any damage.	They worked on electricity generated by engines.
Cast iron doors were installed between each of them, for the team.	It had a cellular structure, which was supposed to prevent flooding.	We pumped out water entering bulkheads and compartments.
Damage to even several compartments would not have led to the sinking of the ship.	It was considered an ingenious engineering solution to avoid a ship wreck.	Could only handle a certain amount of water.

In theory, any minor accident shouldn't have resulted in the ship sinking quickly. Although it is difficult to talk about insignificance when it comes to colliding with an iceberg. Even the most modern system, which was only at that time.

The Titanic route and its passengers

As already mentioned, the ship's route ran from Europe to America. But this is not the most accurate route:

The liner departed from Southampton... If today this English town is not familiar to anyone, then a hundred years ago it was the largest port in all of Britain.
The steamer made its first stop in France, visiting the port of Cherbourg.
After that, the Titanic entered the port of Queenstown, Ireland.
This was the last stop of the ship, then it was supposed to follow to the final point, to the port of New York.

Such an unusual route within Europe allowed everyone to gather. Both from the islands and from the mainland of the continent. Sending to Ireland helped to reach the desired latitude and find the best route.

At that time, the United States was a country of hope and new opportunities, but despite this, not only adventurers and thrill-seekers sailed to America. The first class was traveled by the aristocracy, businessmen and industrialists. They all went with different intentions:

Someone was looking for new sensations and entertainment.
Others sought to conclude the most profitable contracts in new sales markets.
Some were exploring the New World in search of profits and opportunities for growth.

But regardless of the original motives and desires, all of them awaited the same inglorious outcome.

The cause of the crash and death of the passengers of the Titanic

So what was the problem of the unsinkable ship? Yes, in that the iceberg hole in length was more than 90 m. It is easy to understand that more than one bulkhead was broken, not two or even three. In an attempt to dodge the ice giant, the ship attempted to abruptly veer off course and pass by, but was instead hit tangentially. It was such a blow that tore the skin to shreds over the course of 5 bulkheads. The engineering system was not designed for such a level of damage.

But why did almost 70% of passengers and crew members die? And here a whole a number of mistakes and criminal negligence:

The ship was sailing at full speed, despite warnings about the presence of icebergs in these waters.
It is the high speed of the vessel that explains such massive damage.
The capacity of the boats was designed for only a thousand people, while the number of passengers exceeded two thousand.
The defense system played a cruel joke, keeping the ship afloat without visible changes at first. For a couple of hours, no one could even understand that the ship was sinking. In this regard, it was difficult to convince passengers to go from the comfortable decks to the boats.
The nearby ships were either too far away or did not come to the rescue.

The first and last flight of the liner

The Titanic made its only flight along an uncomplicated route. It contained only 4 points:

Southampton.
Cherbourg.
Queenstown.
New York.

England. France. Ireland. USA... Exactly in this sequence. But the ship never made it to its final destination. As did most of the passengers and crew.

A project has already been launched to build a similar ship, which will follow the same route from where and where the Titanic sailed. A historic voyage for amateurs " tickle the nerves", But it all sounds too tragic.

Video: Where was the Titanic heading?

Below is the documentary "Destination of the Titanic", in which the historian Anton Makarov tells about the point of departure of the legendary ship and where it sailed. The moment of the sinking of the Titanic will also be shown:

"At 2:20 am from April 14 to 15, 1912, the Titanic, considered unsinkable, sank, claiming 1,500 human lives. After 100 years, we can penetrate every corner of the sunken ship. Photographs taken using the latest technology, - a detailed guide to the legendary wreckage.

The remains of the ship rest in silence and darkness - a giant puzzle of pieces of rusty steel scattered along the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. It is readily eaten by bacteria and fungi, for them there is expanse. Bizarre colorless creatures prowl around. Since the discovery of the sunken liner in 1985 by the researcher of the National Geographic Society Robert Ballard and the French oceanographer Jean-Louis Michel, deep-sea robots and manned vehicles have periodically visited here. They directed the sonar beam to the Titanic, took a couple of photographs - and sailed away.

In recent years, American filmmaker James Cameron, French submariner Paul-Henri Narjollet and other researchers have brought ever clearer and more detailed photographs from the crash site. And yet we looked at the Titanic as if through a keyhole - all that was visible was what was illuminated by the floodlights of the underwater vehicle. Never before have we been able to look at thousands of scattered debris as a whole. Finally, the opportunity presented itself.

A trailer equipped with the latest technology is parked in the parking lot of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. In the trailer, William Lang bent over a sonar map of the Titanic wreck. It took months of painstaking work to assemble this mosaic. The ghostly landscape resembles the surface of the moon - the bottom is dotted with crater-like depressions. These are traces of large fragments of melting icebergs that have been falling to the bottom for thousands of years.

“Never before have we been able to look at thousands of scattered debris as a whole. Finally, such an opportunity presented itself.

The owner of this 925 sterling silver men's pocket watch has New York time set on it, pending a safe arrival.

The porthole on the page to the right is one of 5,000 items recovered from the Titanic crash site. Upon hitting the bottom, the steel sheets of the hull were bent, and the windows remained intact, jumping out of their "eye sockets".

Most likely, this felt hat belonged to a businessman. In an era when "greeted by clothes", the bowler hat was a sign of belonging to the class of doctors, lawyers or entrepreneurs.

But if you look closely, you begin to distinguish between the creations of human hands. On the computer screen, Lang hovers over a fragment of a map created by overlaying photographs on acoustic images - sonar data. He enlarges the picture until the nose of the Titanic appears in all its "glory" on the screen: where the first chimney once towered, now there is a gaping black hole. A hundred meters to the northeast, a manhole cover that had been torn off buried itself in the muddy mud. All this can be seen in the smallest detail - in one fragment you can even see how a white crab scratches its claws on a railing.

So, moving the mouse across the screen, you can see everything that remains of the Titanic - every mooring bollard, every davit, every steam boiler. “Now we know exactly where what lies,” says Lang. "A hundred years have passed, and finally the lights came on."

Bill Lange runs the Imaging and Imaging Lab at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. This is something like a state-of-the-art photography studio specializing in underwater photography. The interior is lined with soundproof panels, and the room is jam-packed with computers and high-definition TV monitors. Lang was a member of Ballard's famous expedition to discover the remains of the Titanic, and since then he has been testing all the latest deep-sea photography technologies in this underwater cemetery.

Next to the giant propellers of the Olympic liner - an almost exact replica of the Titanic - the workers at the Belfast shipyard look like Lilliputians. Both twin ships were built in Belfast. The Titanic was not photographed much, but we can judge the grandeur of its design by the Olympic. National Museums of Northern Ireland, Harland and Wolff Collection, Ulster Folk and Transport Museum

The Sunken Wreck Guide is the result of an expedition that sank to the bottom in August-September 2010. Millions of dollars have been invested in this ambitious project. The survey was conducted by three underwater robots, which moved at different distances from the bottom surface along programmed trajectories. Crammed with side-scan sonars, multi-beam sonars, and optical cameras that took hundreds of pictures per second, the robots swept the bottom over a 5x8 kilometer stretch. The data obtained was subjected to careful computer processing, and here is the result: on a huge high-resolution map, sunken objects and features of the bottom relief are reflected in their relative position, indicating the exact geographic coordinates.

“This is a breakthrough,” said expedition leader, archaeologist James Delgado of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “In the past, examining the remains of the Titanic was like examining downtown New York at night in the pouring rain with a flashlight. We now have a defined area with clear boundaries where everything can be viewed and measured. Perhaps, over time, thanks to this map, people who, as it seemed to us, fell silent forever, when the icy waters of the ocean closed over them, will acquire a voice. "

What magnet is pulling us to the remains of the Titanic? Why, even 100 years later, this pile of metal at a depth of four kilometers does not give people rest? Some are fascinated by the scale of the disaster. Others do not let go of the thought of those who could not leave the ship. The Titanic sank for 2 hours and 40 minutes, and this time was enough for 2208 epic tragedies to unfold on its stage. Cowardice (they talked about a gentleman who tried to get into a boat, dressed in a woman's dress) coexisted with courage and self-sacrifice. Many turned out to be real heroes. The captain remained on the bridge, the band continued to play, the radio operators gave distress signals to the very end. And the passengers - almost everyone - behaved in strict accordance with the hierarchy of Edwardian society: social barriers were stronger than waterproof partitions.

But the Titanic took more than human lives with it. Together with the giant ship, the illusion of order, faith in scientific and technological progress, the desire to live, to meet the future went to the bottom. “Imagine that you inflated a soap bubble, and it burst - here's the wreck of the Titanic, - says James Cameron. - In the first decade of the 20th century, it seemed that an era of prosperity had come on Earth. Elevators! Cars! Airplanes! Radio! People believed that nothing is impossible, that progress is endless, and life is like a fairy tale. But everything collapsed in an instant. "

It is difficult to imagine a more surreal picture: on the Las Vegas Strip, on one of the upper floors of the Luxor Hotel, next to the strip show, an exhibition of relics from the Titanic has settled for a long time. They were recovered from the depths of the sea by the RMS Titanic, Inc., which since 1994 has had the exclusive right to lift objects from the sunken giant. Similar exhibitions were held in 20 more countries around the world, and in total they have already been visited by more than 25 million people.

In mid-October last year, I spent a whole day at Luxor, wandering among artifacts: a chef's hat, a shaving razor, lumps of coal, several perfectly preserved dishes from the service, countless shoes and shoes, perfume bottles, a leather bag, a bottle of champagne with so and untouched by the cork. These ordinary objects have become unique, having made a long and terrible journey to the sparkling glass display cases. I walked through a dark, cold room - there is an "iceberg" with a freon cooling system that you can touch. The screeching sound of broken metal is heard from the speakers, heightening a sense of anxiety. And here is the pearl of the collection - a huge, 15 tons, fragment of the Titanic case. In 1998, he was lifted from the bottom of the ocean using a crane.

The rudder of the Titanic is buried in the sand, propeller blades visible on the sides. The heavily mutilated stern rests on the ocean floor 600 meters south of the bow, which has been photographed more frequently. This image is a mosaic photo collage of 300 high-resolution images taken during the 2010 expedition.

The exhibition in Las Vegas has been done with dignity, but over the past years, archaeologists-submariners have more than once unpleasantly spoke about the RMS Titanic and its leaders. Robbers, desecrators of graves, treasure hunters - what kind of nicknames were found for them! “You won't go to the Louvre and point your finger at the Mona Lisa,” Robert Ballard, an implacable fighter for the integrity of the Titanic, told me. - These people are driven by greed - look how much they have done!

The open stern reveals the Titanic's two engines. They are covered with orange growths - a product of the vital activity of bacteria that eat rusty iron. Once these giants, the size of a four-story building, set in motion the most grandiose creation of human hands.

However, in recent years, RMS Titanic has undergone changes in management - and in the approach to business. The new leaders do not seek to raise as many objects from the bottom as possible - on the contrary, in the future it is planned to conduct archaeological research at the crash site. The corporation began to cooperate with research and government organizations. The same expedition of 2010, during which scientists first surveyed the entire complex of sunken wrecks, organized, led and funded the RMS Titanic. The company has sided with those who are calling for the conversion of the Titanic crash site into a naval memorial. In late 2011, RMC Titanic announced plans to auction its entire collection and associated intellectual property worth $ 189 million - but only if there is a buyer who agrees to comply with strict conditions set by federal courts. One of these conditions: the collection cannot be sold in parts.

RMS Titanic President Chris Davino invited me to the exhibit storage. This treasure hides next door to a dog barber in an unremarkable neighborhood in Atlanta. The brick building is equipped with a climate control system, a forklift maneuvers between long rows of racks - everything is like in a regular warehouse. The racks are stacked from top to bottom with boxes and crates, with detailed descriptions of the contents. There is so much here: dishes, clothes, letters, bottles, fragments of water pipes, portholes - everything that has been raised from the bottom of the ocean in three decades. Davino became the head of RMS Titanic in 2009, undertaking a difficult mission - to help the ill-fated enterprise start a new life. “There are many stakeholders in the Titanic case, and there are many disagreements between them, but for many years they were all united by contempt for us. The time has come for a reassessment of values. We realized that you can't just pick up artifacts and do nothing else. It is not necessary to fight with scientists, but to cooperate, ”says Davino.

Titanic: crash site

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And it's not just words. Not so long ago, government agencies like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration did nothing but sue the RMS Titanic. Now yesterday's opponents are working together on long-term research projects, the goal of which is to create a protected conservation area at the crash site. “Finding a compromise between protecting a memorial and making a profit is not easy,” admits marine archaeologist Dave Conlin. - These businessmen had something to blame. But now they are worthy of respect. "

Scientists also liked the decision of the corporation to engage one of the world's leading experts to analyze the 2010 images. Bill Sauder is the walking encyclopedia of Titanic-class ocean liners. Bill's position is the project manager, but he himself prefers to call himself "the keeper of knowledge about all sorts of things."

When we met in Atlanta, he sat staring at a computer in thick glasses, looking like a dwarf with a shaggy beard half-full of his face. On the screen were the wreckage of the stern of the Titanic. On previous expeditions, the focus has almost always been on the more photogenic bow, which lies north of the bulk of the remains. But Sauder suspects research will shift to the stern in the future. “The nose looks cool, no doubt about it, but we've been there a hundred times already,” the scientist admits. "I'm much more interested in this junk from the south side."

Bill is trying to identify anything in the scrap heap. “Many people think that the wreckage is like the picturesque ruins of an ancient temple on a hill,” he says. - No matter how it is! They are much more like an industrial dump: mountains of sheet metal, all kinds of rivets, spacers. Who will figure it out? Perhaps a Picasso fan. "

Sauder zooms in on the first image he sees, and within minutes one of a thousand mysteries has been solved. At the very top of the wreckage is the twisted copper frame of a revolving door, apparently from the first-class passenger compartment. In general, you can sit over the puzzle "what is what" for more than one year. This is an incredibly time-consuming job that only those who know every inch of the ship can handle.

At the end of October 2011, I attended a round table where James Cameron invited the most respected experts in the field of marine research. In Manhattan Beach, California, in a film studio the size of an airplane hangar, among the props preserved from the filming of Titanic, Bill Sauder, RMS Titanic researcher Paul-Henri Narjole, historian Don Lynch and marine painter Ken have gathered. Marshall, who has been on Titanic for 40 years. They were joined by a naval engineer, Woods Hole oceanographer and two US Navy architects.

First Time: Full Portrait of Legendary Wreckage

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Cameron, by his own admission, "is so obsessed with the Titanic that he knows every rivet there." The director has three expeditions to the crash site. He pioneered the development of a new class of small-sized remotely controlled robots that can survey by detaching from an underwater base and maneuvering among the wreckage. So for the first time it was possible to photograph the interior of the "Titanic" with its luxurious Turkish bath and magnificent apartments (see "A walk on the Titanic")

10 years ago Cameron shot a documentary about the remains of the German battleship Bismarck sunk in 1941, and at the time of our meeting he was preparing to go down to the bottom of the Mariana Trench alone, armed with a 3D camera. But the Titanic's spell continues unabated. “Down there, we see a strange mixture of biology and architecture - I would call it a biomechanical environment,” says Cameron. - In my opinion, this is fantastic. It feels like a ship has plunged into Tartarus - into the kingdom of shadows. "

With two days at his disposal, Cameron decided to arrange something like a forensic examination. Why did the Titanic split in half? Where exactly did the case crack? At what angle did the debris fall to the bottom? “This is a crime scene,” Cameron says. - As soon as you realize this, you want to get to the bottom of the truth: how did it happen? Why was the knife here and the pistol there? "

As you might expect, experts immediately begin to speak the bird's language. Without being an engineer, of all these "angles of incidence", "shear forces" and "turbidity of the environment", one can understand one thing: the last moments of the life of the "Titanic" were a cruel painful agony. We often hear that the waves closed over the liner, and it “sank to the bottom of the ocean”, as if quietly and peacefully plunged into eternal sleep. Nothing like this! Based on the experience of many years of research, the experts performed computer simulations based on the finite element method. We now have a detailed understanding of the death throes of the Titanic.

Late in the evening, at 11:40 pm, the ship ripped the starboard side against the edge of the iceberg. As a result, a 90-meter "laceration" was formed on the hull, the six front watertight compartments received holes and began to fill with water. From that moment on, the Titanic was doomed. But it is quite possible that his death was accelerated by an unsuccessful attempt to put passengers in boats from a lower deck: the crew members opened the door to lower the ladder on the left side. As the ship began to lurch to the port side, it was no longer possible to overcome the force of gravity and close the massive door again. The bow gradually sank down, by 1:50 the water reached the open door and poured inside.

By 2:18 am, the Titanic's bow was filled with water, and the stern was so high that the propellers were exposed. Unable to withstand the monstrous pressure, the hull broke in half in the central part - just 13 minutes after the last boat left the Titanic.

Then Cameron gets up and demonstrates how it all looked. Taking a banana in his hands, the director begins to break it: "Watch how it bends and swells in the middle before breaking - see?" The last to give in was the peel below - the double bottom of the ship.

Breaking off the stern, the bow went to the bottom at a rather acute angle. As it descended, it picked up speed, losing various parts: chimneys fell off, the wheelhouse collapsed. Five minutes later, the nose hit the bottom with such force that lumps of silty mud scattered in all directions, traces of which are still visible today.

The stern lost to the bow in hydrodynamics. Going to the bottom, it tumbled and rotated in a spiral. Near the fault line, the hull gave another crack, and soon a large fragment of the hull broke off and completely collapsed from the stern, all of its contents poured out. The compartments were torn apart by air pressure. The decks collapsed on top of each other. The steel hull plating came apart at the seams. The deck is pooped bent by a screw. Heavier objects like steam boilers sank like a stone, and all the rest were scattered in different directions. Even before reaching the bottom, the feed turned into a heap of scrap.

Mark on history

Cameron sits down and slips a piece of banana into his mouth. “We are all sorry that the Titanic fell apart in such an unworthy way,” he sums up. "I would like him to rest at the bottom safe and sound, like a ghost ship."

"There could be hundreds of living people inside. It has been 100 years since then, but imagining this picture is still unbearable."

I listened to all these discussions, and the question was spinning in my head: what was the fate of the people who were still on board when the Titanic began to sink? Most of the 1,496 victims of the disaster died of hypothermia while swimming in icy water in cork life jackets. But hundreds of living people could remain inside - most of them were third-class passengers, families of immigrants who traveled to America in search of a better life. What happened to them in this metal hell? What did they hear and feel? It has been 100 years since then, but imagining this picture is still unbearable.

St. John's, Newfoundland Island. On June 8, 1912, a rescue ship returned here, picking up the last body of a passenger from the Titanic. For many months after the tragedy, the waves washed down the beach chairs, pieces of wood paneling and other items from the ship.

I was hoping that from here I would be able to fly to the crash site on the plane of the International Ice Patrol. This organization was created after the sinking of the Titanic to track icebergs along the routes of ships in the Atlantic Ocean. But, alas, due to the storm, all flights were canceled, and instead I went to the pub, where they began to regale me with local vodka, which is made on water from a melted iceberg. To heighten the effect, the bartender threw a piece of ice into my glass, saying that it was from the same Greenland glacier that created the ice block that sank the Titanic.

South of St. John's, a desert rock cuts into the sea - Cape Race. A few years before the Titanic disaster, Guglielmo Marconi built a radio station here. According to local legend, the first to receive a distress signal from a sinking ship was Jim Mairik, a 14-year-old radio operator's assistant. At first, there was a generally accepted call for help - CQD. After some time, Cape Reis received a new signal, which was almost never used before - SOS.

I came to Cape Reis to talk to David Mairick, Jim's great-nephew, among the remains of old Marconi apparatus and detector radios. David is a marine radio operator, the last representative of a glorious dynasty. According to him, the grandfather did not like to talk about that tragic night, and only in extreme old age began to indulge in memories. By that time, Jim was deaf, so family members had to communicate with him using Morse code.

"Titanic" outside and inside: virtual tour of the famous liner

We went out to wander near the lighthouse and, stopping at the edge of the cliff, looked down for a long time at the ice waves crashing against the rocks. A tanker could be seen in the distance. Further afield, new icebergs have appeared on the Greater Newfoundland Bank, according to ice reconnaissance data. And already very far, beyond the horizon, the remains of the most famous ship in history rested. I thought about the thousands of signals that have cut the aether far and wide over the past 100 years. In this silent ocean of radio waves, innumerable voices merged into one drawn-out cry. I imagined that I could hear the voice of the Titanic itself. The crown of the creation of human hands, bearing such a proud name, he rushed at full speed towards the brave new world. But the ancient element got in the way of the ship to inflict a fatal blow on it.

The Titanic is the largest and most luxurious liner of its time. He was unashamedly called unsinkable, and he really seemed like that. He set out on his maiden voyage at noon on April 10 from the English port of Southampton. The destination was to be the American city of New York. But the Titanic, as you know, did not make it to the shores of the United States ...

The collision of the "Titanic" with an iceberg

On April 14, 1912, the liner at full speed (at a speed of 22.5 knots, it was almost the maximum speed) was rushing across the North Atlantic. Nothing foreshadowed a tragedy, there was a complete calm. An orchestra played on the upper deck in a beautifully decorated restaurant. The rich first grade people drank champagne, walked in the open air and enjoyed the wonderful weather.

Late in the evening of April 14, at 11:39 pm, two lookouts (this is the official name of the sailors observing the situation while sailing from a comfortable position) noticed an iceberg right along the course and reported this by telephone to the bridge. Officer William Murdock immediately commanded "Left rudder." Thus, he tried to prevent a collision.

But the multi-ton ship could not turn instantly, although in this case every second was worth its weight in gold - the block of ice was getting closer and closer. And only after about half a minute the Titanic's nose began to tilt to the left. Ultimately, the visible part of the iceberg "missed" the ship without touching the starboard side.

The Titanic managed to turn two points, this was enough to prevent a head-on collision, but the liner still could not get away from the ice block - it ran into its hidden part, which was under water. This contact lasted approximately nine seconds. As a result, six holes were formed - all of them were below the waterline.

Contrary to popular misconception, the iceberg did not "cut" the bottom of the liner. Everything was a little different: from strong pressure the rivets on the casing shattered, the steel sheets were bent and gaps appeared between them. Water began to enter the compartments through them. And the penetration rate, of course, was enormous - more than seven tons per second.

The iceberg bent the hull of the ship, as a result of which the tightness was broken

Further chronology of the tragedy

Most of the passengers on the upper deck felt no threat at first. The stewards who served the snack on the tables in the restaurant noticed only a slight clink of spoons and forks on the tables. Some of the passengers felt a slight jolt and rattling, which quickly ended. Some people thought that the propeller blade had simply fallen off from the ship.

On the lower decks, the first consequences were more tangible: the local passengers heard an unpleasant grinding and rumble.

Exactly at midnight, Thomas Andrews, the man who designed the Titanic, came to the bridge. He had to assess the nature and severity of the damage that occurred. After reporting what had happened and inspecting the ship, Andrews told everyone present that the Titanic would definitely sink.

Soon the ship began to lurch noticeably. The 62-year-old captain of the vessel, Edward Smith, gave the order to prepare boats and begin calling passengers for evacuation.

And the radio operators, in turn, were ordered to send SOS signals to all nearby ships. They did this for the next two hours, and only a few minutes before the complete drowning, Smith relieved the telegraph operators from work.

Several ships received distress signals, but almost all of them were too far from the Titanic. At 00:25, the message about the tragedy on the Titanic was received by the Carpathia ship. It was at a distance of 93 kilometers from the crash site. Immediately the captain of the "Carpathia" Arthur Rostron sent his ship to the area. “Karpatia”, hurrying to help people, managed to develop that night a record speed for itself of 17.5 knots - for this, all the devices powered by electricity and heating were turned off on the ship.

There was another ship, which was even closer to the Titanic than the Carpathia - only 10 nautical miles (which is equal to 18.5 kilometers). In theory, he could be of help. This is the Californian liner. The Californian was surrounded by ice, and therefore its captain decided to stop the ship - it was not planned to start again until the next morning.

At 11:30 pm, the Titanic radio operator Phillips and the Californian radio operator Evans talked to each other. Moreover, Phillips at the very end of this dialogue rather rudely asked Evans not to litter the airwaves, since at that moment he was transmitting a signal to Cape Reis (this is a cape on the island of Newfoundland). After that, Evans simply turned off the power in the radio room and went to bed. And after 10 minutes, the Titanic collided with an iceberg. Some time later, the Titanic sent the first distress signal, but the Californian could no longer receive it.

On top of that, the Titanic had no red flares. The confidence that the ship was unsinkable was so high that no one bothered to take the red rockets with them. Then it was decided to fire volleys of ordinary whites. The calculation was that the crew of a nearby ship would guess that trouble had happened to the Titanic. The Californian officers did see the white rockets, but they thought it was just some kind of holiday fireworks. A fantastic series of misunderstandings!

At half past one in the morning, the passengers began to be seated in the boats. It immediately became clear that there were not enough places for everyone. In total, there were twenty boats on board and their total capacity was 1178 people.

By order of Captain Smith and his assistant Charles Lightoller, who supervised the evacuation process on the left side of the liner, only children and women were taken into the boats. Men, according to the captain, were obliged to be on the ship to the last. But William Murdock, another assistant to Smith, who led the evacuation on the starboard side, gave places in boats and men when there were no women and children in the line.

At about 02:15, the nose of the liner suddenly sank down and the rest of the ship moved forward. A large cold wave swept across the decks, many people were simply carried overboard.

At about 02:20 the Titanic completely disappeared under the ocean water. The liner was so huge that it sank for 160 minutes.

After the food was completely submerged under the water, hundreds of people swam to the surface. They swam in the icy water among all sorts of things from the ship: wooden beams, pieces of furniture, doors, etc. Many tried to use all this as a floating craft.

The temperature of the ocean water that night was −2 ° С (sea water does not freeze at this temperature due to the concentration of salt in it). A man here was dying of severe hypothermia within half an hour on average. And many of those moving away from the sunken ship on boats heard the heartbreaking cries of those who did not have enough space in the boats ...

At about 04:00, the Carpathia appeared in the area of the sinking Titanic. This ship carried 712 people on board, after which it headed for New York. Among the rescued, 394 people are women and children, 129 people are men, another 189 people are members of the ship's crew.

The death toll in this shipwreck was, according to various sources, from 1400 to 1517 people (it is difficult to give an exact figure, because there were many free riders on the Titanic). Thus, 60% of passengers from first class cabins managed to escape, 44% from second class cabins, 25% from those who bought third class tickets.

Titanic characteristics

When commissioned, the Titanic was 269 meters long and about 30 meters wide. The height of the liner was also impressive: from the waterline to the uppermost boat deck here it was 18.5 meters (and if you count from the keel to the top of the first pipe , it would be 53 meters in general). The draft of this liner was 10.5 meters, and the displacement was 52310 tons.

"Titanic" in 1912 in the port of Belfast (this is where it was built)

The liner was driven by several four-cylinder steam engines and a steam turbine. At the same time, steam for them, as well as for all kinds of auxiliary mechanisms, was produced in 29 boilers. It is worth noting that none of the thirty ship mechanics survived. They stayed in the engine room and kept the steam units running until the very end.

The role of propulsion on the Titanic was performed by three propellers. The diameter of the central rotor was 5.2 meters, it had four blades. The propellers located at the edges had a larger diameter - 7.2 meters, but they had three blades. Three-blade propellers could rotate up to 80 revolutions per minute, and the central one - up to 180 revolutions per minute.

There were also four chimneys above the upper deck, each 19 meters high. The Titanic had a double bottom and had sixteen pressurized compartments. They were separated by watertight bulkheads. It is estimated that the ship would remain afloat even if any two compartments or four contiguous compartments on the bow or stern were flooded. But on the night of the tragedy, the iceberg damaged five compartments - one more than allowed.

Crew and passenger composition

It is known that on a tragic voyage in the ship's crew there were many people who had not undergone special training: stewards, stokers, shtivshchiki (this was the name of people whose task was to bring coal to the furnaces and throw ash overboard), coca. There were very few qualified sailors - only 39 sailors and seven officers, captain's mates. Moreover, some of the sailors have not even had time to get to know the Titanic well, since they were hired just a few days before sailing.

It is worth telling a little about the passengers. The passenger composition was extremely motley - from mendicant emigrants from Sweden, Italy, Ireland, who sailed for a better life in the New World, to hereditary millionaires such as John Jacob Astor IV and Benjamin Guggenheim (both died).

Benjamin Guggenheim put on his best tailcoat and began to drink whiskey in the hall - so he spent the last hours of his life

In accordance with the cost of the purchased ticket, there was a division into three classes. For those who swam in the first class, a pool, a gym, a sauna, a squash court, an electric bath (a kind of "ancestor" of the solarium) and a special compartment for pets were provided. There was also a restaurant, elegantly furnished dining rooms, smoking rooms.

By the way, the service in the third class was also decent, better than on some other transatlantic steamers of that time. The cabins were bright and comfortable, not cold and clean enough. The dining room served not very sophisticated, but quite acceptable dishes, there were special decks for walking.

The premises and spaces of the ship were strictly divided according to classes. And passengers of, say, third class were forbidden to be on the first class deck.

"Titanic" in books and films

The terrible events that happened on the Titanic in April 1912 served as the basis for many literary works, paintings, songs and films.

The first book about "Titanic" was written, paradoxically, long before its crash. The little-known American writer Morgan Robertson released the story "Futility, or the Death of a Titan" back in 1898. It described the allegedly unsinkable ship "Titan", which crashed on an April night, colliding with a kind of iceberg. There weren't enough boats on the Titan, and so many of the passengers died.

The story did not sell well at first, but after the incident of 1912, interest in the book increased sharply - there were quite a lot of coincidences between the events described in the story and the real crash of the Titanic. And the key technical characteristics of the fictional Titan were similar to those of the real Titanic - a truly amazing fact!

Morgan Robertson and his story, where the death of the Titanic was predicted to some extent

And the first feature film about the tragedy was released in May of the same 1912 - it was called "She Escaped from the Titanic". Its duration was 10 minutes, it was dumb and black and white. The main role here was played by Dorothy Gibson, an actress who herself on that unfortunate night was on the Titanic and found her salvation in boat number seven.

In 1953, director Jean Negulesco turned to the topic of the tragic journey of "Titanic". According to the plot, on "Titanic" the husband, wife and their two children sort out the relationship between themselves. And everything seems to be getting better, but then the liner stumbles upon an iceberg and begins to go to the bottom. The family has to go through separation, the wife and daughter sail away in the boat, the son and father remain on the sinking ship. The film, by the way, received one Oscar in the same 1953.

But the most famous film about the sinking of the liner is James Cameron's Titanic, which appeared in theaters (and then on DVD) in 1997. It won as many as eleven Academy Awards and has long been considered the highest-grossing film in history.

Authoritative experts on the wreck of the Titanic (for example, historian Don Lynch and marine painter Ken Marshall) took part in preparing the script and creating the scenery for Cameron's film. Cooperation with respected experts made it possible to reliably convey some episodes of the crash. Cameron's Titanic sparked a new wave of interest in the history of the liner. In particular, after the release of the film, the demand for books and exhibitions related to this topic increased.

Discovery of the Titanic at the bottom of the Atlantic

The legendary ship lay at the bottom for 73 years before it was discovered. More specifically, it was found in 1985 by a group of divers led by oceanographer Robert Ballard. As a result, it turned out that under the tremendous pressure of water "Titanic" (the depth here was about 4000 meters) fell apart into three parts. The wreckage of the liner was scattered over an area with a radius of 1.6 kilometers. Ballard and his associates first of all found the bow of the ship, which, apparently, due to its large mass, went deep into the ground. Poop was found 800 meters away. Remains of the middle part were also seen nearby.

Between the large elements of the liner at the bottom, one could also see small objects testifying to that era: a set of copper cutlery, unopened wine bottles, coffee cups, doorknobs, candelabra and ceramic baby dolls ...

Later, several expeditions to the remains of the "Titanic" were carried out by the RMS Titanic company, which legally had the rights to the fragments of the liner and other related artifacts. During these expeditions, more than 6,000 items were raised from the bottom. They were subsequently valued at $ 110 million. These items were exhibited in thematic expositions or sold at auctions.

But why wasn't the Titanic fully lifted up? Alas, this is not possible. Experts have established that any attempt to lift the ship's hull will lead to its destruction, and therefore it will most likely remain at the bottom forever.

The documentary "Titanic": The Death of a Dream "

The sinking of the Titanic claimed the lives of 1,517 of the 2,229 passengers and crew (official figures differ slightly) in one of the worst maritime disasters in world history. 712 survivors were brought aboard the RMS Carpathia. After this disaster, a great resonance swept the public affecting attitudes towards social injustice, radically changed the way passengers traveling along the North Atlantic route were transported, the rules for the number of lifeboats carried on board passenger ships were changed and the International Ice Reconnaissance was created (where merchant ships crossing the North Atlantic still, with the help of radio signals, they transmit accurate information about the location and concentration of ice). In 1985, a major find was made, the Titanic was discovered on the ocean floor was a watershed moment for the public and for the development of new areas of science and technology. April 15, 2012 will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Titanic. It has become one of the most famous ships in history, its image has remained in numerous books, films, exhibitions and monuments.

REAL TIME CRASH OF TITANIUM

duration - 2 hours 40 minutes!

The British passenger liner Titanic leaves Southampton, England on its maiden voyage on April 10, 1912. The Titanic was called to Cherbourg, France and Queenstown, Ireland, before heading west towards New York. Four days in transit, she collided with an iceberg at 11:40 pm, 375 miles south of Newfoundland. Just before 2:20 a.m., the Titanic disintegrated and sank. More than a thousand people were on board at the time of the accident. Some died in the water within minutes from hypothermia in the waters of the Northern Antaltic Ocean. (Frank O. Braynard Collection)

The luxury liner Titanic, in this 1912 photograph, as she left Queenstown in New York on her ill-fated last voyage. The passengers of this ship were included in the list of the richest people in the world, such as millionaires John Jacob Astor IV, Benjamin Guggenheim and Isidore Strauss, as well as more than a thousand expatriates from Ireland, Scandinavia and other countries seeking a new life in America. The disaster was greeted around the world with shock and outrage at the huge loss of life and operational failure that led to the disaster. An investigation into the sinking of the Titanic began a few days later and led to significant improvements in maritime safety. (United Press International)

A crowd of workers. Harland Dockyard and Wolf Dockyard in Belfast, where the Titanic was built between 1909 and 1911. The ship was designed to be the last word in comfort and luxury, and was the largest ship afloat on its maiden voyage. The ship is visible in the background of this 1911 photograph. (Photo Archive / Harland & Wolff Collection / Cox)

Photo of 1912. In the photo, a chic dining room aboard the Titanic. The ship has been designed to be the last word in comfort and luxury, with an onboard gym, swimming pool, libraries, upscale dining and luxurious cabins. (Photo Archive The New York Times / American Press Association)

Photo of 1912. The second class of the dining room on the Titanic. A disproportionate number of people - over 90% of those in second class - stayed on board because of the "women and children of the first" protocol followed by the lifeboat loading officers. (Photo Archive The New York Times / American Press Association)

Photo of April 10, 1912, shows the Titanic leaving Southampton, England. The tragic death of the Titanic occurred a century ago, one of the reasons for the death, according to some, weak rivets used by the ship's builders in some parts of this ill-fated liner. (Associated Press)

Captain Edward John Smith, commander of the Titanic. He commanded the largest ship at that time, making its maiden voyage. The Titanic was a massive ship - 269 meters long, 28 meters wide and weighing 52,310 tons. 53 meters separated from the keel to the top, almost 10 meters of which were below the waterline. The Titanic was higher above the water than most of the city's buildings at the time. (Archive of The New York Times)

First Mate William McMaster Murdoch, who is regarded as a local hero in his hometown of Dalbeattie, Scotland, but in the film, Titanic is portrayed as a coward and a murderer. In a ceremony marking the 86th anniversary of the sinking of the ship, Scott Neeson, executive vice president of filmmakers 20th Century Fox, presented a check for £ 5,000 ($ 8,000) to Dalbeattie School as an apology for the painting to a relative of the officer. (Associated Press)

It is believed that it was this iceberg that caused the Titanic crash on April 14-15, 1912. The photograph was taken aboard the Western Union Ships, Mackay Bennett, under the command of Captain DeCarteret. McKay Bennett was one of the first ships to reach the sinking site of the Titanic. According to Captain DeCarteret, this was the only iceberg at the site of the death when he arrived. It is assumed, therefore, that he was responsible for this tragedy. Glancing collision with the iceberg caused the plates of the Titanic body buckle inward in a number of places on its board and opened five of its sixteen watertight compartments where water gushed in an instant. Over the next two and a half hours, the ship gradually filled with water and sank. (United States Coast Guard)

Passengers and some of the crew were evacuated in lifeboats, many of which were launched only partially filled. This photograph of a lifeboat from the Titanic approaching the lifeboat Carpathia, was taken by Carpathia passenger Louis M. Ogden and was on display in 2003, an exhibition of photographs that relate to the Titanic (bequeathed to the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, England, Walter Lord). (National Maritime Museum / London)

Seven hundred and twelve survivors were brought aboard from lifeboats at RMS Carpathia. This photograph taken by Carpathian passenger Louis M. Ogden shows a Titanic lifeboat approaching a rescue vessel, Carpathians. The photograph was part of an exhibition in 2003 at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, England, named after Walter Lord. (National Maritime Museum / London)

Although the Titanic had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors, it lacked enough lifeboats to accommodate all those on board. Due to outdated maritime safety regulations, she carried only enough lifeboats for 1,178 people - a third of her total passenger and crew capacity. This sepia photograph depicting the recovery of the Titanic's passengers is one of the memorable ones about to go under the hammer at Christies in London, May 2012. (Paul Tracy / EPA / PA)

Press representatives interviewed Titanic survivors disembarking rescue ship, Carpathians, May 17, 1912. (American Press Association)

Eve Hart is portrayed as seven years old in this photograph taken in 1912 with her father, Benjamin, and mother Esther. Eva and her mother survived the sinking of the British liner Titanic on April 14, 1912, but her father died in the crash. (Associated Press)

People stand in the street awaiting the arrival of the Carpathia after the sinking of the Titanic. (Photo Archive The New York Times / Wide World)

A huge crowd gathered in front of Star Line's White office on Lower Broadway in New York to receive the latest news of the sinking of the Titanic - April 14, 1912. (Associated Press)

The New York Times editors at the time of the sinking of the Titanic, April 15, 1912. (Photo Archive The New York Times)

(Photo Archive The New York Times)

Two messages sent from America by Lloyds London underwriters in the mistaken belief that other ships, including Virginia's, were coming to the rescue when the Titanic sank. These two memorabilia are due to go under the hammer at Christies in London in May 2012. (AFP / EPA / Press Association)

Laura Francatelli, and her employers Lady Lucy Duff-Gordon and Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon, standing on a rescue ship, Carpathians (Associated Press / Henry Aldridge and Son / Ho)

This vintage print shows the Titanic shortly before leaving for its maiden voyage in 1912. (New York Times Archive)

A photograph released by Henry Aldridge and Son / Ho Auction in Wiltshire, England on April 18, 2008 shows an extremely rare Titanic passenger ticket. They were auctioned to handle the complete collection of the last American Titanic Survivor Miss Lillian Asplund. The collection consists of a number of important objects, including a pocket watch, one of the few remaining tickets for the first voyage of the Titanic, and the only example of the direct order of emigration the Titanic thought to exist. Lillian Asplund was a very private person, and because of the terrible event she witnessed that on a cold April night in 1912, she rarely spoke of the tragedy that claimed the lives of her father and three brothers. (Henry Aldridge)

(National Maritime Museum / London)

Breakfast menu aboard the Titanic, signatures of the crash survivors. (National Maritime Museum / London)

The nose of the Titanic at the bottom of the ocean, 1999 (Institute of Oceanology)

The image shows one of the Titanic's propellers on the ocean floor during an expedition to the site of the tragedy. Five thousand exhibits are slated to be auctioned off as a single collection on April 11, 2012, 100 years after the shipwreck. (RMS Titanic, Inc, via Associated Press)

A photo of 28 August 2010, released for the premiere of the exhibition, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Inc., shows the starboard side of the Titanic. (Premier Exhibition, Inc.-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute)

Dr. Robert Ballard, the man who found the remains of the Titanic nearly two decades ago, returned to the scene and counted the damage from visitors and souvenir hunters on the ship. (Institute of Oceanography and Archaeological Research Center / University of Rhode Island Grad. Schools of Oceanography)

The giant propeller of the sunken Titanic lies on the floor in the North Atlantic in this undated photograph. Propeller and other parts of the famous ship were viewed by the first tourists to visit the wreck site in September 1998.

(Ralph White / Associated Press)

The 17-ton part of the Titanic's hull rises to the surface during an expedition to the site of the tragedy in 1998. (RMS Titanic, Inc; via Associated Press)

July 22, 2009, photo of the 17-ton section of the Titanic, which was lifted and rebuilt during an expedition to the site of the tragedy. (RMS Titanic, Inc; via Associated Press)

Gold plated American Waltham pocket watch, property of Carl Asplund, in front of a modern watercolor painting from the Titanic by C.J. Ashford at Henry Aldridge & Son Auctions in Devizes, Wiltshire, England, April 3, 2008. The watch was recovered from the body of Karl Asplund, who drowned on the Titanic, and is part of Lillian Asplund, the last American survivor of the disaster. (Kirsty Wigglesworth Associated Press)

Currency, part of the Titanic collection, is photographed in a warehouse in Atlanta, August 2008. The owner of the largest treasure trove of artifacts from the Titanic is bringing a huge collection to the auction in a single lot in 2012, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the world's most famous shipwreck. (Stanley Leary / Associated Press) #

Photos of Felix Asplund, Selma & Karl Asplund and Lillian Asplund, by Henry Aldridge & Son Auctions in Devizes, Wiltshire, England, April 3, 2008. The photographs were part of Lillian Asplund's collection of Titanic related items. Asplund was 5 years old in April 1912 when the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage from England to New York. Her father and three siblings were among the 1,514 killed. (Kirsty Wigglesworth / Associated Press)

Exhibits at the "Titanic Artifact Exhibition" at the California Science Center: binoculars, hairbrush, dishes and a broken incandescent lamp, February 6, 2003. (Michel Boutefeu / Getty Images, Chester Higgins Jr. / The New York Times)

The goggles among the wreckage of the Titanic were among the select artifacts of the Titanic. (Bebeto Matthews / Associated Press)

Golden Spoon (Titanic Artifacts) (Bebeto Matthews / Associated Press)

A chronometer from the Titanic Bridge on display at the Science Museum in London, 15 May 2003. The chronometer, one of more than 200 items raised from the wreck of the Titanic, was on display at the launch of a new exhibition dedicated to its ill-fated maiden voyage along with perfume bottles. The exhibition took place for visitors on a chronological journey through the life of the Titanic, from its concept and construction, to life on board, and its plunge into the Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. (Alastair Grant / Associated Press)

Logo meter for measuring the speed of the Titanic and swivel lamp. (Mario Tama / Getty Images)

The artifacts of the Titanic are displayed in the media for preview only, to announce the historic sale is complete. a collection of artifacts recovered from the crash site of the Titanic and showcasing highlights from the collection at sea Intrepid, Air & SpaceMuseum January 2012. (Chang W. Lee / The New York Times)

Cups and pocket watches from the Titanic are displayed during a press conference at an auction in Guernsey, January 5, 2012. (Don Emmert / AFP / Getty Images, Brendan McDermid / Reuters Michelle Boutefeu / Getty Images-2)

Spoons. RMS Titanic, Inc. is the only company authorized to remove elements from the ocean floor where the Titanic sank. (Douglas Healey / Associated Press)

Gold purse with mesh. (Mario Tama / Getty Images)

The April 2012 edition of National Geographic magazine (according to the line version available on the iPad) shows new images and drawings from the wreck of the Titanic, which remains on the seabed, gradually disintegrating at a depth of 12,415 feet (3,784 m). (National Geographic)

Two propeller blades protrude from the darkness of the sea. This optical mosaic is assembled from 300 high-resolution images. (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute)

Understanding this ball of metal presents endless challenges for professionals. One says: "If you are going to interpret this material, you must love Picasso." (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, WHOI)

The Titanic's two engines lie in a gaping hole in the stern. Wrapped in "rusticles" - orange stalactites created from iron that eat bacteria in these massive structures, four stories high, the largest moving artificial objects on Earth at the time. (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, WHOI)

April 9, 1912. "Titanic" in the port of Southampton the day before sailing to America.

April 14 marks the 105th anniversary of the legendary disaster. The Titanic is a British steamer of the White Star Line, the second of three Olympic-class twin steamers. The largest passenger liner in the world at the time of its construction. During the first voyage on April 14, 1912, it collided with an iceberg and sank after 2 hours and 40 minutes.

Onboard there were 1316 passengers and 908 crew members, a total of 2224 people. Of these, 711 people were saved, 1513 died.

This is how the Ogonyok magazine and the Novaya Illyutsiya magazine told about this tragedy:

Dining room on the Titanic, 1912.

A room for second class passengers aboard the Titanic, 1912.

The front staircase of the Titanic, 1912.

Passengers on the deck of the Titanic. April, 1912.

The Titanic Orchestra had two ensembles. The quintet was led by the 33-year-old British violinist Wallace Hartley, and included another violinist, double bass player and two cellists. An additional trio of musicians from the Belgian violinist, French cellist and pianist were hired for Titanic to provide Caf? Parisien continental touch. The trio also played in the lobby of the liner restaurant. Many passengers considered the Titanic's orchestra to be the best they had ever heard on a ship. Usually the two members of the Titanic orchestra worked independently of each other - in different parts of the liner and at different times, but on the night of the sinking of the ship, all eight musicians played together for the first time. They played the best and funniest music until the last minutes of the liner's life. Photo: Musicians of the Titanic ship orchestra.

Hartley's body was found two weeks after the sinking of the Titanic and sent to England. A violin was tied to his chest - a gift from the bride.
There were no survivors among the other members of the orchestra ... One of the rescued passengers of the Titanic would write later: “Many heroic deeds were committed that night, but none of them could compare with the feat of these several musicians who played hour after hour, although the ship sank deeper and deeper, and the sea crept up to the place where they stood. The music they performed gave them the right to be included in the list of heroes of eternal glory. " Photo: Funeral of Wallace Hartley, conductor and violinist of the Titanic ship orchestra. April 1912.

The iceberg that the Titanic is believed to have collided with. The photo was taken from the cable ship Mackay Bennett, operated by Captain DeCarteret. The Mackay Bennett was one of the first to arrive at the Titanic disaster site. It was the only iceberg near the wreck of the ocean liner, according to Captain DeCarteret.

Lifeboat "Titanic", taken by one of the passengers of the steamer "Karpatia". April, 1912.

The rescue ship Carpathia picked up 712 surviving passengers on the Titanic. Photo taken by Carpathia passenger Louis M. Ogden shows lifeboats approaching the Carpathia.

April 22, 1912. Brothers Michelle (4 years old) and Edmond (2 years old). They were considered "orphans of the Titanic" until their mother was found in France. The father died during the crash of the liner.

Michel died in 2001 as the last surviving male on the Titanic.

A group of rescued passengers on the Titanic aboard the Carpathia.

Another group of rescued passengers on the Titanic.

Captain Edward John Smith (second from right) with the ship's crew.

Drawing of the sinking Titanic after the disaster.

Titanic passenger ticket. April 1912.