Major rivers and lakes of Indonesia. Indonesia. Tirtaganga water palace

It is located in the zone of tropical and subtropical climate, therefore it is characterized by the division of the year into two seasons - dry and wet. During the wet season, the country receives a large amount of rainfall, which is why a dense river network is formed. In Indonesia, rivers are full of water, which allows them to be used for navigation and as a source of electricity.

Rivers on the island of Kalimantan

One of the largest islands in the country is, or Borneo. It is here that the largest rivers of Indonesia are concentrated. Among them:

Kapuas Besar (1040 km);
Mahakam (920 km);
Barito (900 km).

Their beginning is a mountain range, from where they flow down the plains and pass through swamps, after which their channels gradually change. Along some of them, cities are broken, while others serve as transport links between cities.

The main water transport artery of Kalimantan and Indonesia is the Kapuas River. During seasonal rains, the reservoir overflows, flooding nearby settlements. The last major flood occurred in 2010, when the level of Kapuas Besara rose by 2 m, affecting several villages at once.

The second largest river in Kalimantan in Indonesia is the Mahakam. It is known for its biodiversity. In the lower reaches, its banks are buried in tropical jungle, while in the delta of the river, mangrove forests prevail. A huge number of biological species live here, some of them are endemic, others are on the verge of extinction. Large-scale logging is underway along the river. Fishing is also developed here.

In central Kalimantan, the Barito River flows, serving as a natural border between some provinces. Near the town of Banjarmasin, it merges with smaller rivers, and then flows into the Java Sea.

In addition to the rivers listed above, this island of Indonesia has floodplain lakes that are rich in fish. These include Jempang, Semayang, Loire and others.

Rivers on the island of Sumatra

The second no less interesting and full-flowing island of the country is. Its rivers flow down from the slopes of the Bukit Barisan ridge, flow through flat terrain and flow into the South China Sea and the Strait of Malacca. The largest rivers in this part of Indonesia are:

Hari (800 km);
Musi (553 km);
Kampar (285 km);
Rokan (265 km);
Siak (260 km).

The Hari River is famous for the location of the Jambi river port. Another port, Palembang, was built on the Musi River.

Apart from lakes and rivers, this island in Indonesia is known for the largest tropical swamp in the world. Its area reaches almost 155 thousand square meters. km.

Rivers of New Guinea

This island is also characterized by a dense river network. There are more than 30 waterways located here, the sources of which are in the Maoke Mountains. The rivers in this part of Indonesia flow into the Pacific Ocean or the Arafura Sea. Downstream they are navigable.

The most famous river bodies of New Guinea are:

Digul;
Mamberamo;
Ok Tedy;
Sepik;
Fly.

The largest of them is the Digul River (400 km). Its source is located in the Jayavijaya Mountains, from where it rushes to the Arafura Sea. Vessels go mainly to its upper reaches. This river in Indonesia is full-flowing throughout the year, but after the rainy season, its level rises by several meters.

The Mamberamo River is famous for the fact that from time immemorial, many indigenous peoples of New Guinea live on its banks, who for a long time were not familiar with Western civilization. The widest river in Indonesia has many channels, the banks of which are distinguished by biodiversity.

Ok-Tedi is interesting because the largest deposits of gold and copper are located at its source. In contrast, the Sepik River is better known for its landscapes. Here you can find dense tropical forests, and mountainous regions, and marshlands. Many ecologists believe that Sepik is the largest wetland in the entire Asia-Pacific region that has not been affected by anthropogenic influence.

In addition to rivers, this island of Indonesia is home to Paniai and Sentani lakes.

Java island rivers

The longest island in Indonesia is, on which the capital of the country is located,. The following rivers are located on its territory:

Solo. It is the largest river on this island in Indonesia, with a length of 548 km. Its origins are located on the slopes of the Meshali volcanoes and from where it flows into a swampy valley. In the lower reaches, the river meanders strongly (meanders), after which it rushes into the Java Sea. Almost 200 km of its channel is navigable.
Chilivung. On the slope of the Pangrango volcano, a few kilometers away, a river originates, which then flows through the territory of Jakarta. During the Dutch colonization, this river in Indonesia was an important transport artery and the main source of fresh water. Now, due to industrial and domestic waste, it is on the verge of an environmental disaster.
. It is in the same deplorable state. It has long been used in water supply, agriculture and industry. Now the river bed is littered with industrial and household waste, so it is often called the dirtiest river in the world.

Indonesia is located between Southeast Asia and Australia and is washed by the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The extreme points of Indonesia have the following coordinates: 6 o 08 "N, 11 o 15" S, 94 o 45 "and 141 o 05" E. The "linear" dimensions of Indonesia are 5120 km. from east to west and 1760 km. from North to South. The land area occupied by Indonesia is 1,919,317 sq. km., the sea space of Indonesia is 7.9 million square meters. km, or 81% of the total area of the country (in official papers of the Indonesian government). The name "Indonesia" comes from the Greek word "Indos" meaning "Indian" and "nesos" meaning "islands". The group of islands that makes up Indonesia is the largest in the world and has approximately 17,500 islands (according to other sources - 13,667 islands).

Islands of indonesia

The five largest islands in Indonesia:
- New Guinea (the area of Irian Jaya - the Indonesian part of the island - is 421,981 sq. Km.),
- Kalimantan (539,000 sq. Km - the Indonesian part of the island),
- Sumatra (435,000 sq. Km),
- Sulawesi (170,000 sq. Km),
- Java (126,000 sq km)
Indonesia shares three islands with other states (Kalimantan with Malaysia and Brunei, New Guinea with Papua New Guinea, Timor with East Timor).

Geographers group the islands of Sumatra, Java (and Madura), Kalimantan (formerly Borneo) and Sulawesi (formerly Celebes) into the Greater Sunda Islands. These islands, with the exception of Sulawesi, lie on the Sunda Shelf, which is a continuation of the Malacca Peninsula and, in general, the Eurasian continent. New Guinea and the surrounding islands lies on the Sahul Shelf. Depths in the Sunda and Sahul Shelves do not exceed 200 m. Between these two shelves are Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara (or Lesser Sunda Islands) and the Moluccas (or Moluccas). The seas surrounding them are very deep, the depressions reach 4500 m. Sometimes the term Outer Islands is used - in this case, all Indonesian islands except Java and Madura are used.

Nusa Tengara consists of two island chains from Bali to New Guinea. The inner arc of Nusa Tenggar is a continuation of the chain of mountains and volcanoes starting in Sumatra and going through the islands of Java, Bali, Flores and others - to the Banda islands. The Nusa Tengara Inner Arc (Sumba and Timor Islands) continues in geological terms the chain of islands west of Sumatra such as Nias, Mentawai and Engano.

The Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) are geologically one of the most complex of the Indonesian islands. They are located in the northeastern sector of the archipelago between the Philippines in the north, New Guinea in the east and Nusa Tengara in the south. The largest of these islands include Halmahera, Seram and Buru, all of them "sheer" rise from the great ocean depths and have almost no coastal plains.

It is believed that New Guinea was once part of the Australian continent. The separation from Australia was accompanied by tectonic processes and led on the one hand to the emergence of high mountain ranges in the center of the island, on the other side - alluvial coastal plains. The mountains of New Guinea stretch from west to east for distance 650 km!

Relief of indonesia

The country's territory is predominantly mountainous. The highest peak in Indonesia - Puncak Jaya, 5039 m (Mandala?) - is located on the island of New Guinea (Irian Jaya) in the Sudirman mountains. Other mountain peaks with heights ranging from 4,700 to 5,000 m are located in the Jayawijaya mountain range. The highest islands besides New Guinea are Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi and Seram. Highest peaks in Indonesia (besides Punchak Jaya):
- Leuser and Kerinchi (Sumatra island),
- G ede, Tangkubanperau, Chiremai, Kavi, Kelud, Semeru, Raung (Java island),
- Lampobatang and Rantecombala (Sulawesi island),
- Batur and Agung (Bali island),
- Rinjani (Lombok island),
- Tambora (Sumbawa Island).

Volcanoes and eruptions in Indonesia

Tectonically, Indonesia is a very unstable territory. However, volcanic eruptions are beneficial - volcanic ash makes the soil fertile. There are about 400 volcanoes in Indonesia, of which 100 are active. Between 1972 and 1991 recorded 29 volcanic eruptions, mainly in Java. The most powerful volcanic eruptions in Indonesia over the past 200 years are as follows. In 1815, the Tambora volcano erupted on the northern coast of Sumbawa, killing 92,000 people and changing the climate in many parts of the world (there was a year "without summer"). In 1883, the famous eruption of the Krakatoa volcano in the Sunda Strait occurred, 36,000 inhabitants of West Java died from the rising wave. The sound from the eruption was said to have been heard over a vast territory - up to Turkey and Japan (hard to believe). Again Krakatoa erupted two more times - in the late 1970s.

Rivers and lakes of Indonesia

The largest and most famous lakes in Indonesia: Toba, Maninjau, Singkarak (Sumatra island), Tempe, Tovuti, Sydenreng, Pozo, Limboto, Tondano, Matana (Sulawesi island), Paniai, Sentani (Irian Jaya).

Climate of Indonesia

The climate of Indonesia is tropical, which is determined by the position of the country in the equator region. The temperature at low altitudes is practically constant and ranges from 21 to 33 degrees, mainly depending on the time of day. Temperatures are lower in the mountains. But the main indicator of Indonesia's climate is not temperature, but precipitation. Theoretically, there are two periods in a year - dry and wet, depending on the influence of two main monsoons (prevailing wind directions). However, in many places it is difficult to distinguish the seasons; dry and wet weather alternates spontaneously. In general approximation, for most of the country, the wet season lasts from November-December to March-April (the monsoon blows from the north-west), from May-June to September-October it is dry (the monsoon comes from the south and east, i.e. from side of Australia). However, for North Sumatra and for the northern and central parts of the Moluccas (Seram, Ambon, Buru), the picture is exactly the opposite. The picture becomes even more complicated when we consider the many local microclimates that are characteristic of a particular locality in Indonesia.
The temperature distribution is greatly influenced by the altitude above sea level. In general, the temperature drops by about 1 gr. for every 100 m ascent. The highest peaks in Indonesia are prone to night frosts, and some mountains of Irian Jai are constantly covered with snow.
The least amount of precipitation falls on the islands of the Nusa Tengara group, located between Australia and Java.
The air in Indonesia is humid, with relative humidity ranging between 70 and 90%. Typhoons and violent storms are not common in the Indonesian seas.
Daylight hours in Indonesia are almost the same throughout the year. The difference between the shortest and longest day is 48 minutes.

Flora and fauna of Indonesia

The vegetation of Indonesia is extremely rich. One of the most famous plants is rafflesia. Rafflesia arnoldi is the largest flower in the world, with a diameter of about 1 m. This type of rafflesia can be found in some parts of Sumatra. The inflorescence of the amorphophallus plant (Amorphophallus tatinum), also growing in Sumatra, also reaches gigantic proportions. Carnivorous plants of the Nepenthes, with many species, are characteristic of the western islands of Indonesia. Many species of orchids grow in the forests, from the giant tiger orchid Grammatophyllum s peciosum to the tiny leafless Taeniophyllum, which is used by the locals to make medicines. The rainforest is also favorable for a huge number of mushrooms, some of which are surprising with unusual properties (for example, they glow in the dark). The Indonesian flora abounds in woody plants.
The fauna of Indonesia is no less rich. The Wallace Line divides Indonesia into two different faunal territories. Animals of Asian origin live in the western part, and Australian ones in the eastern part. The largest and most notable animals in Indonesia: orangutans (found in Sumatra and Kalimantan), tigers (Sumatra), elephants (Sumatra and Kalimantan), rhinos (Sumatra and Java), babirussi (Sulawesi), nosy monkeys (Sulawesi), hornbills. New Guinea and the surrounding islands are home to marsupial mammals, birds of paradise, cockatoos and other interesting animals. In Indonesia, measures are being taken to preserve animals and plants, and national parks have been created. Every year on November 5, Indonesia celebrates National Flora and Fauna Day. The giant monitor lizard from Komodo Island (Varanus komodoensis) has been declared the national animal.

Minerals of Indonesia

In the bowels of Indonesia there are significant reserves of minerals. The country occupies a leading position in South and Southeast Asia in terms of reserves (2.5-3 billion tons) and oil production, in terms of natural gas production it ranks sixth in the world, and in its export - in first place. Indonesia ranks second in the world in tin mining, and fourth in nickel mining. The country has large reserves of coal, copper, uranium ore. Bauxite, gold, silver and diamonds are mined. The largest oil reserves are concentrated on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan.

Brief information about Indonesia

Full country name: Republic of Indonesia.
Capital: Jakarta (10,800,000)
Population: approximately 238 million (fourth in the world). Most Indonesians live on the five largest islands (Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, New Guinea) and thirty smaller islands. 70% of Indonesia's population lives in Java.
Territorial division: 27 provinces.
Flag: two identical horizontal stripes - red over white.
National holiday: August 17th.
Education: compulsory up to 12 years of age (not always observed) Literacy 77% (tentatively, as of 1990)
Religion: Muslims - 87%, Christians - 9% (6% Catholics, mainly in East Timor, 3% Protestants), Hindus - 2% (mainly in Bali), Buddhists - less than 1% (mostly Chinese).
Language. There are over 300 languages in Indonesia. The official language is Bahasa Indonesia, which is very similar to Malay.
Art. Plays an important role in Malay-Indonesian culture, its forms are based on folklore and religion. Indonesians are very talented in embroidery, woodwork, metal, clay and stone. Indonesia can see amazing national dances, theatrical performances and musicians' performances. Batik making (dyeing fabric by applying wax and then knitting) is practiced throughout Indonesia. Another form of Indonesian fabric work is ikat - spinning with knot-dyed threads. Songket - silver and gold embroidery on silk. Kris (kris) - into the network of arts and crafts with jewelry. Wayang (gamelan) puppet theater (musicians playing drums, gongs and xylophones) are also very popular in Indonesia.
Economy. Main products / production: oil, gas, textiles, timber, coffee, tea, rubber, coal, tin, copper, rice, pepper, palm oil, nickel. Major trading partners: Japan, USA, Singapore.
Time Zones. Indonesia has established three time zones since January 1, 1988.
1. Sumatra, Java, Western and Central Kalimantan: Moscow time + 4 hours in winter, + 3 hours in summer.
2. East and South Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Bali, Nusatengara: Moscow time + 5 hours in winter, + 4 hours in summer.
3. Maluku Islands and West Papua (Irian Jaya): Moscow time + 6 hours in winter, + 5 hours in summer.

Information collected by A. Alyakrinsky from various foreign sources, 2008-01

news

Indonesia is located between Southeast Asia and Australia and is washed by the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The extreme points of Indonesia have the following coordinates: 6o08 "N, 11o15" S, 94o45 "and 141o05" E. The "linear" dimensions of Indonesia are 5120 km. from east to west and 1760 km. from North to South. The land area occupied by Indonesia is 1,919,317 sq. km., the sea space of Indonesia is 7.9 million square meters. km, or 81% of the total area of the country (in official papers of the Indonesian government). The name "Indonesia" comes from the Greek word "Indos" meaning "Indian" and "nesos" meaning "islands". The group of islands that makes up Indonesia is the largest in the world and has approximately 17,500 islands (according to other sources - 13,667 islands).

Information

Independence date: 17 August 1945 (from the Netherlands)
Official languages: Indonesian
Capital: Jakarta
Largest cities: Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Bekasi, Medan, Tangerang, Depok, Semarang, Palembang, Makassar, Tangerang-Selatan
Form of government: Presidential republic
Territory: 1 919 440 km²
Population: 257,563,000 (4th)
Currency: Indonesian rupee
Internet domain: .id
Calling code: +62
Time zones: + 7 ... + 9

The five largest islands in Indonesia:

New Guinea (the area of Irian Jaya - the Indonesian part of the island - is 421,981 sq. Km.)
Kalimantan (539,000 sq. Km - Indonesian part of the island)
Sumatra (435,000 sq. Km)
Sulawesi (170,000 sq. Km)
Java (126,000 sq km)

Indonesia shares three islands with other states (Kalimantan with Malaysia and Brunei, New Guinea with Papua New Guinea, Timor with East Timor).

Relief

Leuser and Kerinchi (Sumatra Island)
Gede, Tangkubanperau, Chiremai, Kavi, Kelud, Semeru, Raung (Java Island)
Lampobatang and Rantecombala (Sulawesi island)
Batur and Agung (Bali island)
Rinjani (Lombok Island)
Tambora (Sumbawa Island)

Rivers and lakes

Indonesia has many rivers. The largest of them are: Musi, Batangari, Indragiri, Kampar (on the island of Sumatra), Kapuas, Barito, Mahakam, Rejang (on the island of Kalimantan), Memberamo, Digul (on the island of New Guinea). In Java, rivers play a large role in irrigation - Bengavan Solo, Chitarum, Brantas.
The largest and most famous lakes in Indonesia: Toba, Maninjau, Singkarak (Sumatra island), Tempe, Tovuti, Sydenreng, Pozo, Limboto, Tondano, Matana (Sulawesi island), Paniai, Sentani (Irian Jaya).

Volcanoes and eruptions

Flora and fauna of Indonesia

The vegetation of Indonesia is extremely rich. One of the most famous plants is rafflesia. Rafflesia arnoldi is the largest flower in the world, with a diameter of about 1 m. This type of rafflesia can be found in some parts of Sumatra. The inflorescence of the amorphophallus plant (Amorphophallus tatinum), also growing in Sumatra, also reaches gigantic proportions. Carnivorous plants of the Nepenthes, with many species, are characteristic of the western islands of Indonesia. Many species of orchids grow in the forests, from the giant tiger orchid Grammatophyllum speciosum to the tiny leafless Taeniophyllum, which is used by the locals to make medicines. The rainforest is also favorable for a huge number of mushrooms, some of which are surprising with unusual properties (for example, they glow in the dark). The Indonesian flora abounds in woody plants.
The fauna of Indonesia is no less rich. The Wallace Line divides Indonesia into two different faunal territories. Animals of Asian origin live in the western part, and Australian ones in the eastern part. The largest and most notable animals in Indonesia: orangutans (found in Sumatra and Kalimantan), tigers (Sumatra), elephants (Sumatra and Kalimantan), rhinos (Sumatra and Java), babirussi (Sulawesi), nosy monkeys (Sulawesi), hornbills. New Guinea and the surrounding islands are home to marsupial mammals, birds of paradise, cockatoos and other interesting animals. In Indonesia, measures are being taken to preserve animals and plants, and national parks have been created. Every year on November 5, Indonesia celebrates National Flora and Fauna Day. The giant monitor lizard from Komodo Island (Varanus komodoensis) has been declared the national animal.

Climate

Religion

Muslims - 87%, Christians - 9% (6% Catholics, mainly in East Timor, 3% Protestants), Hindus - 2% (mainly in Bali), Buddhists - less than 1% (mostly Chinese).

Language

There are over 300 languages in Indonesia. The official language is Bahasa Indonesia, which is very similar to Malay.

Population

Indonesia is the fourth most populous country in the world. It is home to 240 million people, constituting more than 300 ethnic groups, the largest of which is Javanese. In addition to indigenous peoples, the country is also home to the Chinese, Arabs (mostly descendants of immigrants from the Yemeni province of Hadhramaut), Indo-Pakistanis and other nationalities. More than 700 languages are spoken on the territory of Indonesia, but the official language is Indonesian. Indonesia is the largest Muslim country. Muslims make up almost 90% of the population.

The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta. It is the largest city in the country with a population of 10 million. It is located on the island of Java and is a colossal modern metropolis with an intensive financial and economic life. Other major cities in Indonesia: Surabaya, Bandung, Bekasi, Medan, Tangerang, Depok, Semarang.

Kitchen

Indonesian cuisine is more like a mixture of culinary traditions from different regions of the country. Stews or fried foods flavored with colorful and spicy spices are what makes this cuisine special. Indonesian cuisine is closely related to the national cuisine of Southeast Asia, and especially to the cuisine of India. Foreign conquerors also brought in their own traditions. Chili peppers came here from Mexico, peanuts and potatoes from South America, soybeans and pasta were brought from China. In general, Indonesian cuisine is distinguished by a variety of meat and fish dishes, seafood in different variations, a huge selection of rice and corn dishes, breadfruit dishes and spicy sauces and seasonings present in almost every dish. In many ways, Indonesian cuisine is reminiscent of Chinese, but it has its own unique flavor. Traditional Indonesian dishes are: sate (kebab made from any type of meat, except pork, generously seasoned with various spices), gado-gado salad (vegetable salad with peanut sauce), pisang goreng (fried banana), nasi goren (fried rice with various fillings ) and bakmi goreng (fried pasta with sauce). Drinks include bajitur (a drink made from coconut milk with rice and palm sugar), es kachang (ice with sugar syrup and beans) and calamus tebu (a drink made from sugar cane). tea is also considered quite traditional drinks. coffee and beer. In any restaurant you can order European cuisine without any problems.

The Republic of Indonesia is a state in Southeast Asia, on the islands of the Malay Archipelago and the western part of the island of New Guinea. The first state formations arose in coastal regions in the 2nd-5th centuries. Indonesian seafarers and traders have become one of the main groups of resellers in the East. By the middle of the VII century. the powerful Sumatran empire of Srivijaya arose. In Central Java in the first half of the 8th century. the state of Mataram arose, where the Shaivist dynasty ruled.
Ninth - tenth centuries - the heyday of the Srivijaya empire. In 1025, she was defeated in the struggle with the Hindu Cholov state for control of trade routes in Southeast Asia. By the middle of the XI century. the state of Mataram in Java united the trading cities under its rule. Since the XI century. Java has become the economic, cultural and political center of Indonesia.
During the unification of Indonesia around Java, Gaja Madi, the de facto ruler of Majapahit in 1328-64, emerged. In the XIV century. increased penetration of Islam into Indonesia (from India and Malacca). At the beginning of the XVI century. the Majapahit empire split into a number of Muslim principalities. At the beginning of the 17th century. The Dutch East India Company drove the Portuguese out of the Moluccas. The city of Batavia became the capital of the Dutch colonial empire. The company provided the export of goods from Indonesia, primarily spices. In the XVIII century. the decline of the company began. During the Anglo-Dutch War of 1780-84. liquidation of the company followed. Her possessions passed to the Dutch state.
Towards the end of World War II, under the conditions of the occupation of Indonesia by Japanese troops, the liberation movement began to rise. On August 17, 1945, the independence of Indonesia was proclaimed, which the Netherlands recognized in 1949. President Sukarno (since 1945), one of the leaders of the National Party of Indonesia, in 1950 declared Indonesia a unitary republic. After the failure of the 1965 coup by a group of army officers by the Indonesian Communist Party, Sukarno remained the nominal president. In 1976, Indonesia declared its province of East Timor (a former Portuguese colony). The rise of the influence of Islamic fundamentalists in the 1980s. led to their open clashes with the authorities, as a result of which the regime of General Suharto (president since 1968) fell in 1998.

Resorts

Despite the fact that the country has a huge number of islands, not all of them are considered tourist ones. Three Indonesian islands are recognized as the most popular among tourists: Bali, Sumatra and Lombok. Here is the most developed sphere of tourist services and the most developed infrastructure. What attracts millions of tourists here? Of course, a vivid combination of beautiful nature, clean beaches with white sand and an amazingly clear azure sea.

Bali

The most famous and popular island in Indonesia. Despite the fact that it is the smallest of all the islands of the archipelago, it is in great demand among tourists from all countries. What attracts millions of tourists here? Of course, a vivid combination of beautiful nature, clean beaches with white and unique black sand, azure sea and vibrant life, including nightlife. The island is renowned for surfing and diving enthusiasts as an ideal destination for these sports. Bali is called the island of the gods, and this is no coincidence, because Bali is a kind of paradise in miniature: the views and landscapes are simply breathtaking! You should definitely visit all the temples on the island, the botanical garden located near the Batur volcano, and such modern attractions as the water park, souvenir shops, markets and traditional restaurants. Bali is famous for its tourist resorts, which have everything you need for a first-class holiday.

Kuta

The most developed of all Bali resorts, the central and busiest beach on the island. This resort is positioning itself as a youth resort. Surfers, lovers of nightlife and just wanting to have a good time here flock here. There are many clubs, very inexpensive hotels, amusement parks, water parks, bars and restaurants in harmony with the pristine nature of the island. There are hotels of all types and categories here, you can also rent an apartment or apartment.

Nusa Dua

A completely different beach from Kuta. This is the place for a luxurious and relaxing holiday. It is often chosen by families with children and young couples who want to relax in seclusion. The most famous and luxurious hotels such as Sheraton, Hilton, Four seasons and others are located here. Each hotel has its own beach, well-developed infrastructure and provides all the conditions for a perfect holiday. Nusa Dua is a paradise for the most demanding guests.

Sanur

The oldest and quietest of all the resorts on the island. The spirit of calmness and tranquility reigns here in everything: cozy little cafes and restaurants, tropical gardens, quiet and calm beaches. The resort is also one of the main diving centers and if you are looking for some snorkeling this is the place for you.

Tanjung Benoa

A traditional fishing village, but also a wonderful resort. Here is the international class thalassotherapy center Thalasso Bali. All kinds of sports, beautiful white sand beaches and the cleanest sea await you here!

Lombok

Located east of Bali, it is the quietest and most romantic of the tourist islands. A small strait separates these islands from each other, and you can get here by ferry, which runs from the island of Bali. There are much fewer noisy discos, clubs and no crowds of tourists, typical for other resorts. Rest on the island is positioned as calm and secluded. It is ideal for couples and honeymooners. It is much hotter and less humid here than on other islands in the archipelago. The island will greet you with its picturesque views, clean beaches and calm warm sea. Here you can find both very inexpensive options for hotels, as well as expensive villas and deluxe hotels.

Sumatra

The westernmost of the islands of the archipelago. The island has a volcanic origin, which is clearly manifested in its natural diversity. A distinctive feature of the resort is the beaches with rare black sand and many historical attractions: the ruins of ancient temples and palaces, royal tombs, mosques, museums and reserves. There are also pure mountain lakes, mountain valleys, volcanoes and local villages. You should definitely visit a crocodile farm and an interesting place - a rehabilitation center for orangutans, where you can watch the life of these animals in “real time”. The pristine beaches, azure transparent sea and a wonderful unforgettable vacation await you on the island of Sumatra - a place where it seems that time has stopped!

Java island

One of the most famous islands in the archipelago; there are hundreds of volcanoes and picturesque landscapes, as well as many temples, sanctuaries, mosques and palaces; among other things, the island is famous for folk crafts: batik, work on silver and gold, arms business, which attracts thousands of tourists here.

Jakarta (until 1949 - Batavia)

The capital and largest city of Indonesia, located on the northwest coast of Java. It is a city with an original mixture of numerous 17th-18th century buildings, canals and many "national" quarters, each with its own unique look.

Bogore town

The city close to the capital, which has long been considered one of the best mountain climatic resorts in the country, is of interest to the summer presidential palace of Sokarno with the Zoological Museum, the former residence of the Governor-General of the Netherlands East Indies and the world-famous Kebun Rai Botanical Garden (80 hectares).

Mountain resort Bandung (west of Java)

Famous for its many museums, the Dago Falls, the picturesque surroundings of the Tangkuban Praia (Tangkuban Perahu) volcano and Situpatengang Lake, as well as the well-known Dago and Jalan Chihampelas (Jeans Street) streets, where the offices and shops of the largest textile companies are located; in the vicinity of the city, the prestigious beaches of Anyer and Karang Bolong, hot volcanic springs in Chiater, tea plantations in Punchak, a mountain safari park, as well as the Kulon National Park and the hot springs of Maribaya, surrounded by majestic volcanic landscapes, are considered the best places for trekking in country.

Yogyakarta (Java)

The ancient city attracts attention with the huge palace complex Sultan Kraton (XVIII century) with the Taman Sari "water castle", Jakarta Crafts Center and the Agastya Art Institute, the Sono Badoyo and Benteng Vredeburg museums, as well as the exquisite Lara temple complex. Jonggrang ("slender maiden", beginning of the 10th century) in nearby Prambanan; In the dry season, with a full moon, Lara Jongrang hosts performances of the Ramayana ballet.

Borobudur stupa

"Monastery on the Mountain" or "Temple of a Thousand Buddhas", 778 - 856, built in the form of a 10-tier stepped stone pyramid 34 m high; at the top there is a sanctuary with a diameter of 15 m, symbolizing the highest goal and spiritual freedom; it is the largest Buddhist monument in the southern hemisphere.

Bali island

The most developed tourist area of Indonesia: pristine landscapes, tropical forests, the majestic volcanoes of Kintamini, Gunung Batur (1717 m) and Gunung Agung, as well as temples and excellent resorts with blue lagoons and dense tropical jungle around; the mores and customs of the locals are softer and more tolerant of the foreign way of life, which is incomprehensible to them, which makes this island a wonderful place for a relaxing holiday.

Bali Barat

The only national park in Bali - spread over 20 thousand hectares, known for its variety of plants and animals. But in completely free conditions, all kinds of combinations of local flora and fauna can also be seen in the vast forests near Danau-Bratan.

Sulawesi Island (Celebes)

A real "reserve of cultures" and traditions. The intermountain valleys are inhabited by many scattered tribes, which attracts ethnology lovers here, and is also popular for its cave burials, exotic nature and beautiful coral reefs.

Kalimantan Island (Borneo)

The place of residence of the famous "bounty hunters" - Dayaks, one of the last "wild" tribes of the planet, living according to the laws of the Stone Age.

Flores Island

One of the few places in the world where whale hunting is allowed; also here, at an altitude of about 1600 m, there is a unique "tricolor" lake Keli-Matu, whose waters are colored with various mineral salts coming from volcanic craters at its bottom.

Komodo and Rinka islands

Famous reserves, habitats of the "Komodor dragon" (monitor lizard) - the largest reptile on the planet; on the small volcanic island of Moyo there is "the most secluded hotel in the world" - the Amanwana complex, built right in the jungle.

Travel in Indonesia (video)

A source. equator.ru, tripforme.ru, saga.ua, icstrvl.ru

The third largest island in the world, divided between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei. The equator line passes through the city of Pontianake, dividing the island in half. Guests can take a souvenir photo at the Equator sign. In addition, in Pontianak there is the Abdurrahman Mosque of the 18th century, the Kadriakh Sultan Palace, the City Museum with collections of ceramics and Chinese porcelain.

In the west of the island, the primitive tribes of the Dayaks live, rejecting civilization and preserving the way of the Stone Age. Tourists have the opportunity to take part in an excursion to the Dayak settlement, spend the night in a traditional hut and admire the original dances of the aborigines.

A rehabilitation center for orangutans has been created. The island is home to the touching tarsier - the world's smallest monkey with large round eyes.

In the city of Banjarmasin, the floating markets and the Sabilal-Mukhtadin Mosque are noteworthy. Kinabalu National Park is famous for its hot springs, magnificent Kipungite and Langanan waterfalls, and the world's largest flower, rafflesia.

Every visitor to the capital of Indonesia strives to visit the Orchid Garden famous for its collection of exotic flowers, the most beautiful and rare of which is the black orchid. The Istiklal Mosque, the largest in Southeast Asia, was erected in 1945 in honor of the country's independence from Holland. During prayer, tourists are strictly prohibited from entering the mosque. Vihara Dharma Bhakti Buddhist temple built in the 17th century is dedicated to the goddess of mercy Kuan Yin.

Aquarium of Jakarta "Sea World" with a water volume of 500 million liters introduces visitors to 4000 species of fish, which can be admired while walking through an 80-meter tunnel. Java has 120 volcanoes, 30 of which are active.

All sights of Indonesia

The culture

The culture of the people is a story embodied in stone, feelings expressed by music and dance, thoughts and images that lie on the canvas and pages of books.

Indonesia's culture is variegated and voiced like a bird chirping in the jungle. Its “creators” are Buddhism, Hinduism, Christian trends brought from Europe, Muslim traders and preachers, as well as local beliefs and ideas about beauty.

Traditional architecture is retreating under the onslaught of glass and concrete, but a feast of its forms can be observed to this day.

The wooden houses of the Batak and Minang-kabao, with their tall saddle-shaped roofs and decorated with buffalo horns, are perplexing. Maybe there, among the rafters and columns that go into the sky, the spirits are gathering?

Temple complexes erected at the dawn of the Middle Ages are amazing. Borobudur and Prambanan in Java, Besaki in Bali, Padang-Levas in Sumatra - it seems that the gods themselves erected these monuments to glorify man, decorated them with carvings and sculptures.

Colonial buildings and whole neighborhoods built by Europeans make one get lost in space and time. Dutch forts in Bukittingi and Bengkulu, magnificent palaces in the Empire style of Jakarta and Bogor, modern buildings of the Institute of Technology in Bandung and the Staviya College in Jakarta - you are in Europe, but why is it so hot and palm trees around ?!

The austere domes of mosques and the spiers of minarets pacify and subdue. All of them, from the oldest wooden one in De-Mak to the gigantic size of the Istiklal Mosque in the center of Jakarta, make the motley audience bow their heads in reverence, because 94% of the locals are Muslims. Bow your head and you before the majestic walls of "Raya Baturrahman" in the city of Banda Ache, and may Allah forgive you for your sins.

But what is stone and wood before the inexorableness of millennia? Only the music is eternal, and the leisurely tune of the traditional gamelan orchestra will outlast the strongest of citadels. Its numerous Bodangs, Baluzhans, Rebabs, Blindtems and Chelempungs are put into a trance by their names alone, so what about hearing? Performances are often accompanied by the kris and kecak dances, especially popular in Bali, which depict stories from the Indian epic Ramayana and battles between all kinds of evil spirits. By the way, "Ramayana" and another epic, "Mahabharata", became the basis of national literature and the famous shadow theater Wayang kulit. The performances of this theater last all night, serve not only as entertainment, but also as a kind of ritual. The puppeteer, called "dalang", skillfully manipulates dolls made of buffalo skin, their shadows falling on a white screen illuminated by a lamp. A good dalang makes you believe that there are at least several people participating in the performance. This art is especially developed in Bali and Yogyakarta.

And yet the most recognizable and demanded hypostasis of the national cultural heritage was and remains painting, including batik, and woodcarving. It is not for nothing that in the 50-60s of the last century in Jakarta and Yogyakarta, higher educational institutions were opened, graduating famous abstract artists and realists, and in Ubud (Bali island) there is a whole academy of painting and carving. The results of her creations can be appreciated and purchased at the countless art shops of this artists' village.

Batik painting as a piece of art emerged in the second half of the 20th century and reached particular heights in Jo-Kyakarta, where galleries and exhibitions dedicated exclusively to it operate. The growing demand from foreign tourists only spurs the painting-carved industry, although it makes it more standardized and primitive. But even among the countless amount of frank consumer goods for sale, you can, if you wish, find real pearls at a completely bargain price - and that is why the search process is fascinating.

Speaking of local culture and customs, it is impossible not to mention the kris daggers, which hold a special place in the life of every man in Java and Bali. Their history goes back 2 thousand years. The dagger protects its owner and his family from evil spirits and has magical powers.

The process of making a real kris takes from several years to a whole human life. There were craftsmen who made only one dagger, and its cost exceeded all reasonable limits. The blade was forged from meteorite iron in several layers and could hit the enemy even at a distance. Of course, the vast majority of kris are deprived of such power and are made of ordinary steel, but they enjoy no less love and respect from their owners. At the entrance to the house, there is always a shelf with a scabbard, where a wavy blade with a carved handle carries its honorable service.

Calendars

Indonesia uses calendars of various systems and eras. The most widespread is the modern solar Gregorian calendar.

Along with it, the lunar hijra is used, the month in which is the period between two new moons. There are twelve months in the Muslim calendar, as well as in the European one. Their names are the same as in the ancient solar-lunar Arabic calendar. Length of months: Muharram - 29 days, Safar - 30 days, Rabbi Avval - 29 days, Rabi Sani - 29 days, Jumada Avval - 29 days, Jumada Sani - 30 days, Rajab - 29 days, Shaaban - 30 days, Ramadan - 30 days, Shawal - 30 days, Zul Qa'ada - 29 days, Zul Hijja - 30 days. 12 months form a lunar year (354 days). Every third year is a leap year (355 days). 33 AH years are roughly equal to 32 solar years. There are special tables for translating Hijri dates into the European solar calendar.

The Javanese retains its significance, especially in ritual practice, the lunisolar Javanese calendar, created on the basis of the lunisolar calendar of ancient India of the Shaka era (chronology from 78 AD) with correlation with the hijra. This calendar was introduced by Sultan Agung in 1633. The beginning of the year coincides with the beginning of the Hijri year. The months received the following names: suro / sura, sapar, mulud, bakdomulud, jumadil aval, jumadil akhir, rejeb, ruvakh, pasa, saval, hapit, rayagung, and the days of the week - minggu (sunday), senin (monday), selasa (tuesday ), rebo (wednesday), kemis (thursday), jamuakh (friday), seto (saturday). The usual names of the days of the week are combined with the "market" ones: klivon, legi, paing, pon, wage. These combinations (neptu) are of great importance, since they determine favorable or unfavorable days. For example, the following are considered bad for travel: Sunday-ping, Saturday-Monday, Friday-wage, Tuesday-Klivon, Monday-legi, Thursday-wage. Eight years form the Windows calendar cycle.

In addition to astronomical calendars, there are priestly calendars based on observations of the cycles of natural phenomena. These include, for example, the Javanese wuku calendar. The year in it consists of 30 seven-day weeks, or 210 days. The years are combined into cycles of 7, 8, 12 and 32 years. The years of the 12-year cycle bear the names of animals borrowed from the Hindu calendar, and the 7-year cycle names the day on which the year begins. Priests keep track of days, alternating in parallel weeks from a different number of days.

The Balinese also have a similar calendar called the pavukon. With its help, the dates of temple holidays, other celebrations, various works are determined, as well as days that are favorable or unfavorable for any undertakings. A year consists of 30 weeks (wuku) of 7 days each. There are 6 special seven-day cycles (ingkel) in a year, repeating every 54 days. Along with a seven-day week, the calculations use weeks consisting of a different number of days (from one to ten). Dates are flexible and set depending on the intersection of these weeks. The day is considered auspicious when, for example, the “Klivon” day of the five-day week coincides with the “Kajeng” day of the week of the three-day cycle. But the most successful day is the one that is at the intersection of auspicious days of three different weeks. Mastering the calendar with its favorable and unfavorable intersections requires special knowledge, which, as a rule, only priests possess.

Official Holidays

Only three public holidays have a fixed date in Indonesia:

New Year (January 1),
Independence Day (17 August),
Christmas (December 25).

The rest of the holidays in Indonesia are religious, and their dates are determined according to the lunar calendars: Muslim - according to Hijri, and Hindu-Buddhist - according to the shaka calendar. These include:

Night of the miraculous ascension of the Prophet Muhammad to Allah, Mikraj (27 Rajab);
Nyepi is one of the main holidays in Balinese Hinduism (agama tirtha). Celebrated on the island of Bali annually in March for two days and falls on the New Year according to the Shaka calendar;
Death of the Prophet Isa - Good Friday (March-April);
Idul Fitri, or Lebaran - a holiday of breaking the fast after the end of fasting (Turkic - uraza-bairam) (1 shavval);
Vesak - Three-Holy Day, the celebration of the anniversary of the birth, enlightenment and death of the Buddha. Falls on the full moon of the 6th lunar month (May). It is celebrated by the followers of Buddhism by making a pilgrimage to the Borobudur temple;
Isa's Ascension (April - May);
Idul Adha - holiday of sacrifice (Turkic - Eid al-Adha) in memory of the sacrifice of Ibrahim (10 zul-hijja);
Muslim New Year (1 muharram), coinciding with the Javanese New Year (1 suro);
Prophet Muhammad's birthday is Mawlid an-Nabi (12 Rabi Avval).

Muslim fasting (puasa) occurs in the month of Ramadan. During this month, during the daytime, before dark, eating and smoking, as well as gambling, all kinds of entertainment and intimate relationships between spouses are not allowed. The Ramadan fast is established as a reminder that it was in this month that Muhammad was first overshadowed by Divine Revelation. He heard sayings, the meaning of which is the greatness of Allah.

In addition, national holidays (working days) are widely celebrated:

Day of Kartini - Enlightener, National Hero of Indonesia (April 21),
Panchasila Defense Day (October 1),
Armed Forces Day (October 5),
Day of the Oath of Youth (October 28),
Heroes Day (November 10), etc.

Among the traditional holidays:

Diwali (Deepavali) - festival of lights. One of the most important holidays of the Indian community. It personifies the triumph of good and light over evil, darkness and ignorance.
Galungan is one of the main holidays in Balinese Hinduism. Celebrated on the island of Bali annually - every 210 days, lasts ten days. It personifies the victory of the virtue "dharma" over the evil "adharma", the glorification of the main deity Sanghyang Vidi Vasa. The last day of the holiday is called kuningan - from kuning - yellow, because the main treat on this day is yellow saffron rice.
Chinese New Year (Tahun Baru Imlek) is a holiday of the Chinese community (January - February).
Mantran is the ceremony of celebrating the New Year according to the Javanese calendar on the eve of the first day of the month of harsh in Yogyakarta.
Sadrapan is a traditional festival of Javanese fishermen. Held at the end of the year, the goal is to "appease" the guardian of the seas, burexo. A buffalo head is offered as a sacrifice to the sea monster.
Saparan is a traditional ceremony in Java in the Yogyakarta area, designed to ward off misfortune and misfortune from people. The sacrifices are made of rice and stuffed with coconut molasses ("blood"), dolls depicting a married couple (bekakak).

Kitchen

The national cuisine combines the diversity of the regional traditions of the many peoples of Indonesia. Local cuisine has a specific taste, unfamiliar to a European. Local aromatic spices make the dishes unusual: tamarind, pepper (black, red, white and green), nutmeg, cinnamon, ginger, garlic.

An honorable place in the diet of Indonesians is occupied by rice, the cooking options of which are many here - cereals are boiled, fried, mixed with vegetables, seafood, eggs, meat.

It should be noted that pork is not eaten in Indonesia, as the vast majority of the population is Muslim.

No less important in the Indonesian menu is fish, served salted, smoked, fried, boiled and dried.

A common ingredient in island cuisine is milk and coconut pulp.

An indispensable accompaniment to each meal is sauces: sweet and sour, nutty, soy, which add spice and originality to the dishes.

Legumes, sago, and sweet potatoes are equally popular in the country. The main dishes are complemented by bamboo shoots, heartwood, pickled mango and breadfruit.

The island cuisine offers such delicacies as shark fin soup, baked frog legs, fried swallow nests, cuttlefish with vegetables.

Local fruits, which are considered a dessert in Indonesia, will help extinguish the fire in the mouth from hot spices and sauces. In addition to exotic fruits, Indonesians prepare baked goods based on rice flour with various fillings for sweets.

Traditionally, food is spread on a banana palm leaf and eaten with the right hand only. Before and after meals - obligatory hand washing with lemon water. Tourists are served cutlery, except for a knife, which is considered by local residents to be a sign of aggression.

Popular drinks are freshly squeezed fruit juices, tea, rice wines, arak palm vodka. Local beer has good taste.

The famous Kopi Luwak coffee is the most expensive in the world. It is produced in a very extravagant way - digested coffee beans are taken from the excrement of a palm marten.

Tourism

Tourism development in Indonesia is characterized by high rates. The number of local residents traveling around the country reaches 160 million people a year. Special attention is paid to guests from abroad as an important source of replenishment of foreign exchange reserves. Thus, in 2012, 7.2 million foreign tourists visited Indonesia. The material and technical base for the reception and service of travelers is being strengthened, the hotel and restaurant facilities are being improved, historical and cultural monuments are being restored, the network of national parks and reserves and resort areas is expanding.

Information support includes the publication of travel guides, maps, brochures in foreign languages, the opening of tourist offices abroad, participation in international and regional conferences and meetings on tourism. Seven tourism development centers have been opened abroad (Frankfurt, Los Angeles, Tokyo, Singapore, Sydney, London, Taipei).

Measures are being taken to liberalize visa and customs regimes (in 1993, citizens of 45 countries received the right to visa-free entry for up to two months if they had at least one thousand dollars), new excursion routes are being developed. Along with recreational tourism, scientific, business, ecological, and health tourism are developing: on the island of Bali there is the only thalassotherapy center in Southeast Asia (recovery using sea water, plankton and algae).

Targeted travel engagement campaigns under the slogan "Visit Indonesia!" (first campaign in 1991, last in 2011). The government connects great hopes for the further development of tourism with the implementation of a plan adopted under the auspices of the UN to create a unified transport system uniting all the countries of South and Southeast Asia. In accordance with it, the construction of the Transumatran highway has been completed, and roads are being modernized in Java and other islands. Indonesia is an active member of the World Tourism Organization.

Indonesia was named the best surfing destination in Australia's Tracks magazine "Best 100 Waves in the World" poll. On the list of one hundred surf beaches, Desert Point on the island is in the first place. Lombok. This is followed by: Grajangan in Java (third place); Padang-Padang in Bali (10th place); Hollow Trees (12), Macaronis (15), Nias (31) in Sumatra; Lakey Peak (33) in Sumbawa; One Palm Point (34) in Java; Periscopes (44) in Sumbawa; Asu (45), Bawa (59) in Sumatra; Canggu (68), Kuta Beach (93) in Bali; Lances Left (100) in Sumatra.

Several Indonesian hotels (including the Four Seasons Resort Bali and Amandari in Bali) are included in the list of the top 100 hotels in the world, and Bali itself is the second largest tourist destination in the world (after Sydney) and the first in Asia.

Currency

The national currency in Indonesia is the Indonesian rupee. There are 100 sen in 1 rupee, but there is no sen in circulation due to the high inflation rate. Banknotes are issued in denominations of 100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000 rupees, and coins in denominations of 25, 50, 100, 500, 1000 rupees. Foreign currency can be easily exchanged at any bank or exchange office. Torn bills are accepted at a slightly reduced rate at an exchange office in the very center of Jakarta on st. Durian (Jl. Durian). Exchange rate as of November 2014:

1 Russian ruble equals 300 rupees.
1 American dollar is equal to 12.290 rupees.

Avoid street money changers, suspicious and unauthorized exchange offices (there are cases when "leftist" exchangers themselves write under the guise that they are authorized). You may be slipped with counterfeit money or "show a trick" as a result of which you will not receive a significant part of the money (from 10% to 50%), be careful!

Shopping

Indonesia is distinguished by the high quality of goods - both souvenirs and clothing. Handicrafts are most appreciated: jewelry, leather, wicker and textile products; crafts made of wood, stone and silver; homespun carpets; painted porcelain; batik. Visitors to the country are happy to buy local honey, Javanese jasmine tea and coffee.

The best fashion stores are located in Jakarta's major shopping malls - Taman Anggrek Mall and Plaza Indonesia, where products from popular global brands are presented. But it will not be possible to save money in such stores, and budget shopping awaits tourists in traditional markets. Bargaining is appropriate here and allows you to reduce the initial price by 2, or even 3 times.

Shops are open daily from 09.00 to 18.00, in tourist places - until 21.00. In some Muslim areas, shops are closed on Fridays.

Residence

Indonesia has an excellent selection of modern hotels of any category that meet international standards and are distinguished by a high level of service. The hotels are neat and clean; guests are provided with bottled drinking water free of charge.

It is recommended to book hotel rooms in advance during the dry season, after the holy month of Ramadan, on New Years and Christmas holidays, as well as at the end of March, when Indonesia celebrates the New Year for the third time (the first is in October, the second is in December along with everything the world).

To services of tourists - hotels of almost all international hotel chains - Ramada, Holiday Inn, InterContinental. Accommodation options - bungalows, standard rooms, luxury villas. Hotels offer guests golf courses, tennis courts, swimming pools, spa centers. Many Indonesian hotels charge tourists with a refundable check-out deposit - a guarantor in case of damages. Prices for a room in a 3 * hotel start from $ 50, in a "four" accommodation will cost $ 100-120 for two, in a five-star hotel rooms cost from $ 200.

It is easy to find more budget hotels in the country, usually located along noisy streets and providing a minimum set of amenities. A room in a boarding house, Losmen or Penginapan (inexpensive hotels) can be rented for $ 10-20 per day.

Transport

Tourists usually travel as part of excursion groups, by taxi, or use the services of local guides with a car.

Public transport in Indonesia is underdeveloped, but large cities have buses, bemo minibuses, auto rickshaws, rickshaws, cycle rickshaws and horse-drawn carriages. When calculating the fare, be careful - tourists may be asked for much more money than locals.

Rail transport is available only in Java and Sumatra.

Traveling in a rented car is not the best way to get around the country. Traffic in Indonesia is left-hand, country roads are narrow and not of very high quality. Many roads are one-way at different times of the day, but you will not find any warning signs when passage is allowed. Road signs are few and often contain conflicting information.

To travel long distances, it is wiser to use an airplane.

Helpful information

Safety

Indonesia is a Muslim country, therefore it is necessary to follow some rules of conduct: women do not sunbathe topless, do not wear short shorts or skirts, cover their shoulders and knees in mosques and institutions. Before visiting the temples, it is recommended to wear a sarong (a piece of fabric covering the legs), which can be rented at a shop next to the sanctuary. During religious rituals, one should not speak loudly or clap hands. You cannot touch the head of local residents and point your finger at them. It is considered offensive, while sitting in a cross-legged position, to put the lower limb in someone else's direction. Also, avoid high-pitched conversations and tender feelings in public.

The left hand of the local peoples is considered "unclean", so try not to take or give anything with it when communicating with the natives, and in no case touch your interlocutor.

In the rainy season, one should refuse to visit the mountainous regions of the country, since landslides are frequent at this time of the year, huge masses of which suddenly fall on settlements and destroy them.

In Indonesia, it is necessary to constantly wear a hat, sunglasses and use sunscreen, as the level of natural radiation is significantly exceeded. Wear rubber slippers before swimming to avoid getting hurt on corals or stepping on toxic underwater creatures.

Do not touch local animals under any circumstances - wounds from their teeth and claws can become seriously infected.

Swim only in designated areas - there are strong underwater currents and high tidal waves around the islands.

Indonesia is a paradise for insects, many of which are disease vectors. Try not to leave sweat stains on your clothes while eating, and shower as often as possible to avoid attracting insects to the smell of sweat. If you decide to visit the country during the wet season, then it would be useful to drink a course of antimalarial drugs, stock up on mosquito nets and repellents.

On Komodo Island, stay away from the famous monitor lizard, its attacks are unpredictable, and the poisonous saliva of a huge reptile will not let the wound heal for a long time.

Drink only bottled water. Pay attention to the fact that ice is prepared for you only from boiled water. Be careful when eating food from street stands. Be sure to rinse the fruit thoroughly with running water and scald with boiling water.

Indonesia has a low crime rate, but theft is common in tourist areas, so do not show others large amounts of cash and valuables.

In Jakarta, for smoking in public places, an offender can be imprisoned for 6 months or fined about $ 6,000.

The distribution and use of narcotic substances is punishable by the death penalty, or at best 20 years in prison.

Due to the increased activity of Islamic fundamentalists, it is not recommended to visit West Timor and the province of Irian Jaya.

Indonesia. Sights of Indonesia: list, description

The Republic of Indonesia is a state in Southeast Asia, on the islands of the Malay Archipelago and the western part of the island. New Guinea (Irian Jaya). It shares borders with Malaysia, Papua New Guinea. Indonesia includes 18 108 islands, of which about 1000 have a permanent population.

More than half of Indonesia is mountainous. The highest point in the country - Mount Jaya (5029 m) is located on the island of New Guinea. There are about 400 volcanoes in total, of which 80 are active. There are especially many volcanoes on the island of Java, and the highest active volcano, Kerinchi (altitude - 3800 m), is located in Sumatra.

Territory of Indonesia: 1904.5 thousand, km2 (with East Timor)

Population of Indonesia: 193.75 million people

Capital: Jakarta (over 10 million inhabitants).

Another major city: Surabaya (over 2 million inhabitants).

Highest point: Punkak-Jaya (5030 m).

Official language: Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia).

Mr. religions: Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism.

Currency unit: Indonesian rupee.

State system of Indonesia: parliamentary republic.

Indonesian Head of State: president elected for a term of 5 years.

Legislature: People's Consultative Congress (elects a president every 5 years);

Administrative divisions- 25 provinces, the capital and "special area" - Yogyakarta (27 in total).

Export: oil and oil products, agricultural products, industrial goods.

Import: industrial products, consumer goods.

Trade partners: Japan, USA, Singapore, Netherlands.

GNP per capita: 980 dollars USA.

National Day of Indonesia: 17 August Independence Day (1945).

Borders: in the north with Malaysia (on Kalimantan), in the east with Papua New Guinea (New Guinea), in the north washed by the waters of the Sulawesi Sea and the Pacific Ocean, in the south of the Arafura Sea, in the west of the Indian Ocean.

Short story

The formation of state formations on the territory of Indonesia took place already in the 1st – 3rd centuries AD. e., however, the existence of the first states, the names of which are known to science for certain - Kutai in eastern Kalimantan and Taruma in western Java, refers only to the 4th century. The first state, whose territory spread over several islands, was Srivijaya, founded in southern Sumatra at the end of the 7th century: having existed until the end of the 14th century, during the periods of its maximum power, it controlled the entire territory of Sumatra, most of Java and the Malacca Peninsula. These and other states that existed on the territory of Indonesia in the IV-XIII centuries, experienced a strong cultural influence of India, the dominant religion in most of them was Hinduism. At the same time, Buddhism also developed significantly: it, in particular, was the state religion of the Eastern Javanese principality of Mataram.

The largest, most powerful and socio-economically developed state of the pre-colonial period was the Majapahit Empire, founded in 1293 in the eastern part of Java. By the end of the XIV century, the territory or vassal possessions of Majapahit included most of the territory of present-day Indonesia. In the 13th century, the active spread of Islam began, penetrating mainly from the Malacca Peninsula and from the east coast of India. By the end of the 16th century, Islam had become the dominant religion in most of Indonesia, although in many regions there were centers of Buddhism and Hinduism, as well as traditional local beliefs, the carriers of which, as a rule, coexisted quite freely with Muslims.

In the 19th - first half of the 20th century. the territory of Indonesia was a Dutch colony, which was called the Netherlands (or Dutch) East Indies. On August 17, 1945, the forces of the national liberation movement in Indonesia proclaimed the independence of their country. The official transfer of sovereignty over most of the Netherlands East Indies took place on December 27, 1949. The territory of the province of Irian Jaya on about. New Guinea (which the Dutch called the Netherlands New Guinea, and the Indonesians called West Irian) was under the control of the Netherlands until 1962. In 1963, after a short stay under UN tutelage, this territory came under the control of the Indonesian authorities, and in 1969 it was legislatively included in composition of Indonesia. In 1975, Indonesia sent troops to East Timor (the former Portuguese colony in the northeastern part of Timor), and in 1976 declared it its province.

Indonesia is a member of the UN and all the specialized agencies of this organization, OPEC.

Geography

Indonesia is located between Southeast Asia and Australia and is washed by the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The extreme points of Indonesia have the following coordinates: 6o08 ′ N, 11o15 ′ S, 94o45 ′ and 141o05 ′ E. The "linear" dimensions of Indonesia are 5120 km. from east to west and 1760 km. from North to South. The land area occupied by Indonesia is 1,919,317 sq. km., the sea space of Indonesia is 7.9 million square meters. km, or 81% of the total area of the country (in official papers of the Indonesian government). The name "Indonesia" comes from the Greek word "Indos" meaning "Indian" and "nesos" - "islands". The group of islands that makes up Indonesia is the largest in the world and has approximately 17,500 islands (according to other sources - 13,667 islands).

Relief of indonesia

The country's territory is predominantly mountainous. The highest peak in Indonesia - Puncak Jaya, 5039 m. - is located on the island of New Guinea (Irian Jaya) in the Sudirman mountains. Other mountain peaks with heights ranging from 4,700 to 5,000 m are located in the Jayawijaya mountain range.

The "highest" islands besides New Guinea: Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi and Seram.

Highest peaks in Indonesia (besides Punchak Jaya):

Leuser and Kerinchi (Sumatra Island)
Gede, Tangkubanperau, Chiremai, Kavi, Kelud, Semeru, Raung (Java Island)
Lampobatang and Rantecombala (Sulawesi island)
Batur and Agung (Bali island)
Rinjani (Lombok Island)
Tambora (Sumbawa Island).

Volcanoes and eruptions in Indonesia

Tectonically, Indonesia is a very unstable territory. However, volcanic eruptions are beneficial - volcanic ash makes the soil fertile. There are about 400 volcanoes in Indonesia, of which 100 are active. Between 1972 and 1991 recorded 29 volcanic eruptions, mainly in Java. The most powerful volcanic eruptions in Indonesia over the past 200 years are as follows. In 1815, the Tambora volcano on the northern coast of Sumbawa erupted, killing 92,000 people and changing the climate in many parts of the world (there was a year "without summer"). In 1883, the famous eruption of the Krakatoa volcano in the Sunda Strait occurred, 36,000 inhabitants of West Java died from the rising wave. The sound from the eruption was said to have been heard over a vast territory - to Turkey and Japan (hard to believe). Again Krakatoa erupted two more times - in the late 1970s.

Climate

The climate in Indonesia is equatorial (the equator crosses the islands of Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi and the Moluccas) and subtropical monsoon. But these climatic characteristics are mitigated by the influence of the sea. The dry season is never dry in the full sense of the word. The exception is the territories located in the vicinity of Australia. The rainy season is less regular and monotonous than in India. When the eastern monsoon blows (April - October), the dry season begins, which tourists love most. The western monsoon (November - March) brings rains.

But everything is relative: there are almost as many types of climate in Indonesia as there are islands. On the same island on one slope there may be a rainy season, on the other at the same time a dry season. The situation can change if the wind changes direction. The ideal time to visit Indonesia is during our northern summer, but, for example, the Molluccs have the worst weather (storms and storms) at this time of the year. In addition, the amount of precipitation depends on the forests. The larger the area of forests, as in Sumatra and Borneo, the more often it rains. 4 m of precipitation per year - this is the record for Pontianak and Padang.

Population

97% of Indonesians are more than 150 close peoples who speak more than 1000 different languages and dialects (Javanese, Sundanese, Madurians, Bataks, Malays, Balinese, etc.). Many tribes still do not know agriculture and live mainly by hunting (for example, the Papuans of New Guinea). There are also Chinese, Arabs and people from South Asia. Indonesia is the world's largest Islamic state. Most believers are Muslim, ch. arr. Sunni persuasion (87.2%), there are Christians (9.6%), Hindus (mainly on the island of Bali), Buddhists, Confucians; traditional local beliefs have been preserved. 2/3 of the population lives on the islands of Java and Madura. In some areas of the island of Java, the rural population density reaches 2,500 people per square kilometer (the highest in the world for rural areas). 78% of the population lives in rural areas.

Economy of the country Indonesia is an industrial-agrarian country with the largest plantation economy in Asia and a developed mining industry. The gross national product per capita fell in 1995 from $ 980 to $ 580.

The fall of the rupee in late 1997 - early 1998 led to a 13.7% reduction in the Gross Product. Indonesia has rich deposits of various minerals: high-quality oil, tin, bauxite, nickel, manganese, lead, copper, zinc, chromium. Tin deposits are found on the islands of Banka, Belitung, Sinkep and the southwestern regions of Kalimantan. Nickel deposits are found on the island of Sulawesi, Halmahera, the Moluccas and Irian Jae.

Manganese deposits are located in the central regions of Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Timor. Copper ore has been explored in the Jayavijzya mountains (Irian Jaya province).

The islands of Riau, Banka, Sinkei and Kalimantan have bauxite deposits; coal is mined in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Deposits of gold, iron, silver, sulfates have been explored. Large oil fields provide a stable supply of raw materials to the national energy system.

The main branch of the national economy - light industry - operates on imported raw materials. Yarn factories are owned by foreign companies or the state, while companies selling finished fabrics are concentrated in Bandung and are privately owned.

Batik production is an Indonesian version of printed textiles and is carried out in the central regions of Java. Although most batik is homemade, there are many factories in the fabric industry.

Traditional crafts are also preserved in the country: the production of batik (both industrial and handicraft), chased silver items, ceramic dishes, artistic bone carving, weaving of mats, hats, and much more). Foreign tourism is of great importance

The culture

The modern culture of Indonesia is the result of the interaction of the traditions of different peoples who live in this country. In addition, a noticeable impact

Portuguese traders and Dutch colonists influenced Indonesian culture.

In everyday life, Indonesians are guided by the principles of mutual assistance ("gotong royong") and exchange of opinions ("musyawarah"), which helps to come to an agreement ("mufakat").

Indonesian art is under a very strong religious influence. The traditions of the famous dance dramas of Java and Bali go back to Hindu mythology (in them one can notice the influence of the Hindu epics "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata").

In Indonesia, we recommend tourists to definitely see local festivals, which are held everywhere and almost every month. The largest of them are the Galungan Festival in Bali, the Ramayana ballet performances in Java, the Festival of Silence in Bali, the Vesak Buddhist festival in Borobudur, and the Easter parade on Larantuka Island.

Holidays, events, festivals in Indonesia

Due to the huge diversity of ethnic groups and the mixing of religions, Indonesia naturally has a huge number of cultural events taking place throughout the year. Many local holidays have no less flavor than big state events, so even in the absence of any official festivals, you can always get acquainted with many interesting folk traditions.

The main holidays of the island of Bali - galungan festival(the date is inconstant, lasts 10 days), the spring festival in the Pura-Besakih temple, Nyepi, or the Festival of Silence is accompanied by many independent ceremonies: the cleansing of the Melasti temple deities, the expulsion of the evil spirits Pengrupuk, Ngembak-Nyepi (Forgiveness Sunday), etc. Also of interest are the ceremonial Pura Meru festival, the famous Full Moon Festival at the Chakranegara Temple (June), the Perang Ketupat Rain Festival (October-December), the Pujavali celebration and many others. And at the same time, one of the most important holidays - Hari-Nyepi, the Balinese New Year (the date is determined by the "saka" calendar, usually March) - is very quiet. On this day, from 6.00 to 6.00 the next day, it is not customary to leave the house and generally make noise - almost all establishments are closed, the streets are empty and almost all life freezes - local residents meet this holiday with fasting and meditation.

Independence Day(August 17) is celebrated with great pomp in every city and village, especially in Jakarta, accompanied by numerous carnivals and cultural events. The Jakarta Fair is held in June and lasts approximately three weeks. Also worth visiting are colorful and vibrant events - the Jalan-Jax Street Fair (August) and the International Cultural Performance (May). Theatrical performances take place in Sumba in February and March, returning to the era of internecine war.

In Java, performances of traditional "Ballet of the Ramayana" usually held in the open theater of the Prambanan temple complex twice a month from May to September. Madura Island hosts the well-known bull races (August-September), ending with a colorful final race in

Pamekasane(September). The four-day Vesak Buddhist Festival in Borobudur, celebrated in honor of the Buddha's enlightenment, is definitely worth a visit.

Indonesian cuisine

Taking into account the ethnocultural diversity of the country, its national cuisine is actually a combination of cuisines from different regions, which have their own essential characteristics. At the same time, some dishes, initially specific to a certain area, gained nationwide popularity. The culinary traditions of the peoples of Indonesia were formed under the active influence of the corresponding traditions of neighboring Asian peoples: the most noticeable in this regard is the influence of Chinese cuisine

Rice is the main carbohydrate food almost everywhere; in a number of regions, corn, cassava, and sweet potatoes occupy a significant place in the diet. Traditionally, the food of most Indonesians is boiled or fried rice with some kind of additives - this quality usually includes chicken, meat, seafood, tempeh, fresh or pickled vegetables, which are either cooked with rice or served as a side dish (in this case additives are called lauk-spider - indon. lauk-pauk). The most common of these dishes is nasi goreng (Indon. Nasi goreng, literally - "fried rice") - a kind of pilaf filled with almost any product. The most important ceremonial dish in many regions is tumpeng - a pyramid shaped from rice surrounded by various side dishes.

In Java and in some other regions, soups have become widespread - as a rule, from chicken and offal. Everywhere, groats are made and consumed - chips made from starch, cereal, shrimp, fish or other flour. Various vegetables are used in fairly large quantities, taking into account the regional agricultural specifics. In Java, gado-gado is very popular - a mixture of various vegetables, drenched in peanut sauce. Tropical fruits are a common delicacy.

Spices and herbs are commonly used in food - primarily various types of peppers - as well as soy and peanut sauces. Both hot and cold tea and coffee are very popular. Alcohol is not widespread, especially considering that the majority of Indonesians belong to the Muslim confession. However, in a number of regions, traditional local spirits are produced, among which the Tuaka is especially popular.

Indonesia landmarks

1. City of Jakarta

The largest city in Indonesia, the capital. Located on the island of Java. Modern, densely populated, with high-rise buildings. Jakarta is home to the largest skyscraper in all of Indonesia. The city has about 20 major attractions: museums, a zoo, a planetarium. Here you can find many hotels of different levels of comfort.

2. Ubud city

A city with traditional Indonesian architecture located in the heart of Bali. It is considered its cultural capital. Many different objects of interest to tourists are concentrated in and around it. Famous, among other things, for the widest range of spa services.

3. Java island

Jungle and volcano island. The most populous island in the world. It has a rich history, traditions, many monuments. On it stands the main cultural attraction of Indonesia - the Borobudur temple.

4. Bali island

A tropical island with beautiful scenery and excellent service. There are hotels in Bali for every budget. Offers exceptional beach holidays and water sports opportunities. The traditional culture and crafts of the island are actively developing and provide an opportunity for tourists to get acquainted with all their diversity.

5. Ubud Monkey Forest

The main attraction of the city. A jungle sanctuary where monkeys live and roam freely (about 600 individuals). The park has a temple, sculptures and paths. Tourists get the opportunity to find themselves face to face with nature and its nimble inhabitants.

6. Rice terraces in Bali (Jati Luvi)

In the very center of the island, there are rice fields where the popular cereal is grown in the traditional way, in the old fashioned way. Here you can see the fields themselves, Mount Batukara and the temple of the same name. An opportunity to experience traditional Indonesian landscapes and argot culture.

7. Borobudur

Monumental Buddhist temple complex on the island of Java. World Heritage Site, protected by UNESCO. The oldest monument, which lay under the ashes for many hundreds of years. Opened by restorers at the end of the 19th century. Place of massive pilgrimage. Has the greatest artistic value.

8. Prambanan

A complex of temples on the island of Java. Built in the 10th century, restored in the 19th century. World Heritage Monument. The restored buildings are grandiose in height and carved stone decoration, visible from afar. Decorated in the style traditional for Buddhist and Hindu temples.

9. Elephant Cave (Goa Gaja)

Big Cave in Bali, one of the most famous tourist sites on the island. Contains many grottoes (about 15). The walls are decorated with carvings depicting elephants and mythical creatures. Probably, it was previously religious in nature and was a place of pilgrimage.

10. Bat Cave (Goa Lawah)

The cave is located in one of the six main temples in Bali - Goa Lawah. It is inhabited by a whole community of bats, which every day, at sunset, all fly out of the cave together. The excursion should be planned by this time.

11. Komodo National Park

A group of islands united in a natural park. The main attraction is the mysterious monitor lizards walking there. Huge lizards

the Komodo dragons are rescued from extinction and guarded. During the excursion, you can watch them and other representatives of the local fauna.

12. Ujung-Kulon

Java Island National Park. Preserves the nature of the island in its original form and allows tourists to admire the rare Indonesian landscapes, untouched by man. The park is home to rare and endangered animals.

13. Bali Barat

National park in Bali. Inhabitants of land and coastal waters are protected and represent a wide variety of species. Almost the entire territory of the park is closed to tourists. When visiting the open area, you can go snorkeling and see the rare marine life of the region.

14. Temple of Pura Tanah Lot

Hindu temple located very close to the coast of Bali. The building of traditional architecture was built on a small island and is considered a cultural symbol of Indonesia. Steps leading to the temple are carved into the rock. At low tide, the island is connected to the land by a narrow sandbank. Tourists are not allowed into the temple, only believers.

15. Temple of Pura Besakih

The main religious building of the island of Bali. Located in the mountains, at the highest point of the island. The surrounding nature and buildings make up a unique composition that tourists can admire only from the outside. The complex architectural composition consists of 22 temples richly decorated with traditional stone carvings.

16. Luhur Uluwatu Temple

One of the six most important and famous temples in Bali. It is located in a unique place - beautiful and inaccessible. At the very top of the cliff there is an architectural ensemble. You can reach it on foot in an hour. Monkeys frolic in front of the temple. Views of the Indian Ocean can be seen from the walls and the road.

17. Bogor Botanical Garden

Botanical Garden in Bogor, Java. It is considered the largest and oldest botanical garden in the world. Founded at the beginning of the 19th century. The garden collection represents the whole variety of tropical plants from different places on Earth. A special decoration of the garden is the lotus ponds and the greenhouse with orchids.

18. Mount Gunung Bintan

Landmark of Bintan Island. The mountain is covered with jungle, rivers and waterfalls flow along it. Tourists climb to the very top, to the observation deck. On the way, you can explore the local tropical flora and fauna, swim in the baths of the waterfalls.

19. Bird and Reptile Park Taman Burung

A natural park combined with a "new type" zoo - the inhabitants are in free open enclosures. Exotic birds roam freely in the park and give visitors the opportunity to observe them in an environment that is as close to natural as possible. The landscape arrangement of the park is rich and varied. Birds and tourists walk among gardens, flowers and waterfalls.

20. Tirtaganga Water Palace

An architectural and park ensemble in the Bali style. The palace was built in the mid 50s of the XX century and is a relatively young landmark of the island. Palace buildings and many reservoirs were built on the site of the "holy river". Both locals and tourists willingly spend time in organized baths. Carps live in numerous ponds and lotuses bloom. The entire area is richly decorated with sculptures.

21. Taman Sari Water Castle

Taman Sari is located on the territory of the Yogyakarta palace complex, not far from the city of the same name. It is a complex of fifty buildings, some of which have been restored. The sultan built the castle for himself and his family. The architects paid special attention to water: the castle had a complex system of sewerage, fountains, and a bath complex. The monument is protected by UNESCO, has a global significance and value.

22. National Monument

The 132-meter tower in Jakarta is a symbol of Indonesia's independence from the colonial invaders of the past. The tower houses museums and an observation deck with a panoramic view of the capital.

23. Istiklal Mosque

The largest mosque in Southeast Asia. The name translates as "independence". The mosque was built after the end of the Dutch colonial rule in Indonesia, where the majority of the population is Muslim.

24. Bromo Volcano

An active volcano on the island of Java. The height is about 2.5 thousand meters. It is accessible to tourists and is very popular with them. The crater of the volcano is constantly smoking, eruptions occur from time to time.

25. Merapi volcano

The most active volcano in Indonesia. Large eruptions of this volcano follow regularly, with a period of 7 years. There are small ones more often, but there is always little activity. The volcano is a majestic black mountain with smoke coming from the crater - a spectacle so majestic that it has become one of the favorite among tourists.

26. Krakatoa volcano

An active volcano in the Sunda Strait. According to one version, it was his eruption that caused the separation of Java and Sumatra. The last eruption practically destroyed the island on which the volcano was located.

27. Lake Tobo (Toba)

A large lake of volcanic origin (formed on the site of an ancient volcano) on the island of Sumatra. The local small-numbered Bataki ethnic group lives on the lake, which has its own distinctive culture and traditions. Tourists can combine traditional forms of recreation in the bosom of nature and learn the peculiarities of the unique Batak culture.

28. Lake Bratan

Beautiful mountain lake in Bali. It is located among the mountains and jungle, in the former volcano crater. On the lake is the Pura Ulun Danu temple, built in honor of the goddess of the reservoir. The lake and the temple are a unique natural

architectural ensemble. The place enjoys significant tourist attention. There is a water amusement park on the southern shore of the lake.

29. Sipiso Piso waterfall

A high steep waterfall in the area of Lake Toba. Its source is an underground river that finds its way out at the top of the cliff. There are three observation platforms near the waterfall, allowing you to enjoy the general view of the powerful water cascade and be directly next to it.

30. Waterfall Munduk

In the north of Bali, there is the village of Munduk and the waterfall of the same name next to it. Not the highest (25 meters), but very loud - the noise is heard from afar. The waterfall is a sheer dense stream of water falling vertically downward with great pressure. It is located in the forest and is surrounded by greenery on all sides, the water flows beautifully among the greenery. There is a convenient observation deck.

Indonesia is the largest Islamic country. Muslims make up about 87% of the population. However, these data are not official.
Another feature of Indonesia is that this country has a very diverse culture, its inhabitants speak 580 languages and dialects.
Among the mind-boggling number of islands that make up Indonesia (there are 17,508 of them!), Only about 6,000 are actually inhabited. The largest islands in Indonesia are Java, Sumatra, New Guinea, Sulawesi and Kalimantan.
Indonesia also has many active volcanoes, and people living here have to be constantly prepared for frequent earthquakes.
In terms of total land area, Indonesia ranks 16th in the world.
Of the ten largest islands in the world, three islands belong to the territory of Indonesia.
Due to the abundance of green vegetation, Indonesia is home to interesting flora and fauna.
Sumatra is the sixth largest island in the entire world. In addition, this island is ranked 5th among the tallest islands on the planet. · Indonesia accounts for the largest share of world nutmeg production.
Tourism continues to be the main branch of the Indonesian economy. Indonesia's main attractions include the tropical climate and rich culture of the country.
It is believed that the highest point in Indonesia is Punkcak Jaya. It is located in the highlands of Papua New Guinea.
Indonesia is home to the Javanese rhinoceros, which is not found anywhere else in the world.
The locals call their homeland "Tanah Air Kita" which means "Our Land and Water".
Bali has long been the most popular destination in Indonesia. The beautiful landscapes of this picturesque corner attract tourists and nature lovers from all over the world. A lot of interesting things await tourists here. The greatest demand is for cultural events and dances, delicate leather goods, and foot-tapping music. · Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, has the 11th largest and most dense population. This city has a large number of tourist attractions that attract visitors from all over the world.

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Sources of

http://travelife.today/countries/indonesia/ http://travelask.ru/questions/9618-ekonomika-indonezii https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia https://www.votpusk.ru/ country / country.asp? CN = ID http://artex.com.ua/indoneziya/obshchee-opisanie:9-1435-2/

Major rivers and lakes of Indonesia. Indonesia. Tirtaganga water palace

Java island

Jakarta (until 1949 - Batavia)

Bogore town

Mountain resort Bandung (west of Java)

Yogyakarta (Java)

Borobudur stupa

Bali island

Bali Barat

Sulawesi Island (Celebes)

Kalimantan Island (Borneo)

Flores Island

Komodo and Rinka islands

Travel in Indonesia (video)

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Helpful information

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Indonesia. Sights of Indonesia: list, description

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Geography

Relief of indonesia

Volcanoes and eruptions in Indonesia

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The culture

Holidays, events, festivals in Indonesia

Indonesian cuisine

Indonesia landmarks

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