What monuments of landscape gardening art. Parks are historical monuments of gardening art. Restoration of the gardens of Pompeii

The park is a memorial of the landscape gardening mystery - a category of knowledge about the nature, which is established by the Law of Ukraine on the natural reserve fund of Ukraine.

Parks are a memory of the landscape gardening mystery - the most valuable and valuable features of park life to protect them in natural, civil, scientific, environmental and health purposes.

According to the Law of Ukraine on the PFZ (article 3), parks are referred to as a group of pieces about the PFZ. There are also botanical gardens, dendrological parks and zoological parks up to the whole group. According to this statute of the Law, "parks are memory" yachts of the landscape gardening mystery are fallen from all ecology and science, history and cultural values \u200b\u200bmay be of the state abnormal significance. "

Parks are a memory of the garden and park mystery that can be used by the power of the Ukrainian people, as well as in the other forms of power passed by the legislation of Ukraine (article 4 of the Law of Ukraine about the PZF). At the change of forms of power on the ground, in which there is a memory Yaks of the garden and park mistress, landowners of goiters "will not be able to protect the regime of protection and preservation of the general reorganization of the protective goiters" (article 4 of the Law of Ukraine about the PZF). Parks are a memorial of the landscape gardening mystery, according to the legislation of Ukraine, they can be recognized by legal persons (article 5 of the Law of Ukraine about the PZF).

The garden and park mystery has a long history. Yogo vyniknennya syagaє at glib vіkіv and acquaintance with civilization, cultivation of the natural environment. The landscape gardening mystery is to lay down to synthetic kinds of mystery works and one of the most folding and laborious, and also operas with inanimate speeches and living things - roslin.

Yak kozhna is alive іstota, park of people, stages of becoming, development and death. Significantly infused into the view of the park are the primaries of volodars, natural storms, changes of fashions, a glimpse of what is happening, social disasters. Trees may be svіy vіk іsnuvannya. As soon as the park is spared and looked at on the edge of the table, the dead trees are replaced by analogues.

Understand the "garden" and "park" not far from one to one and often one to one. There is a stench of some kind of useful function and self-confidence about "otkty human dyyalnosti".

The garden is important for the cultivation and removal of fruits and berries.

The park is a big deal about the special plans, including the small architectural forms (altans, pavilions) to palaces, theaters, stadiums, fruitful sports parks and gardens of their own. that city near the castle Vilandri, in the park Vaux le Vicont, France; in the parks in front of St. Petersburg; the 17th century Italian park in the Pidgoretsky castle, Ukraine, mav for the vineyard). and to the park - to separate.

Sadi to finish shvidko went to the storehouse of yatok. In ancient Greece, the piece-shaped garden has quickly become a saint. So it was in the gardens of the Academy in Afinakh. The name of the name of the mythical hero of the Academy. That helped the twin brothers, Castor and Pollux, to vis-à-vis the tsar of Europe from captivity. Behind the legend, Akadem Bouv Pohovaniem is in the Tsi Garden. The garden of the Academy was surrounded by the residence of the philosopher. It was here that they walked and in disputes together with scholars and messengers, the philosopher Plato (427-347 rr. BC).

Historical data

Gardening art has a long history. Its origin goes back centuries and is a sign of civilization, the cultivation of the natural environment. Gardening art belongs to synthetic types of arts and is one of the most complex and time-consuming, because it operates with inanimate things and living things - plants.

Like a living being, the park goes through the stages of birth, formation, flowering and death. The appearance of the park is significantly influenced by the tastes of the owners, natural conditions, changes in fashion, the presence or absence of care, social disasters. Trees have their own period of existence. If the park has been maintained over the centuries, dead trees are replaced with analogues.

Garden and park

The concepts of "garden" and "park" are not far from each other and are often substitutes for each other. But they have different functions and fairly independent objects of human activity.

Garden - mainly an agricultural facility for growing and obtaining fruits and berries.
A park - predominantly an art object with a special layout, including various architectural structures from small architectural forms (gazebos, pavilions) to palaces, theaters, stadiums, various sports grounds. The share of historical parks also included a plot of an orchard (an orchard and a vegetable garden in the castle of Vilandry, in the park of Vaux-le-Vicomte, France, in parks of the suburbs of St. Petersburg. In modern parks, these installations are usually removed, and the functions of an orchard and the park - delineate.

Transition to the composition of monuments

The gardens quickly became part of the monuments. In ancient Greece, an artificially created garden quickly approached the status of a sacred grove. Even if the garden did not have such a status, every building in it became his business card and had the status of a monument. This happened with the Academy Gardens in Athens.

The name comes from the name of the mythical hero Akadem. He helped the twin brothers Castor and Pollux to rescue Princess Europe from captivity. According to legend, Akadem was buried in this very garden. The Academy Garden was chosen by the philosophers as their residence. It was here that the philosopher Plato (427-347 BC) walked and conducted disputes with his students and followers. The school was named Academy... Even the mention of the Academy made it a monument of culture, philosophy, and European ancient civilization in general.

Versailles park changes

Main article: Versailles park

Versailles, plan mid-18th century.

More often it was the other way around, even with well-groomed and well-known parks. So, the Versailles park began to change its appearance after thirty years from the beginning of construction. Some of the hastily planted trees withered. Excessive interference in the vital activity of plants, vigorous cutting of bushes and trees, impoverishment of soils did not contribute to their preservation. The reduction of areas of the garden began. Presumably the original area of \u200b\u200bthe park in Versailles reached 1,700 hectares. In the XX century. the territory of the park was limited to 600 hectares. It was cut in three times, although the grandiose perspectives of the historic park were preserved.

Even greater changes have taken place in its plant composition. The dry trees were cut down. In the 18th century, several of the original plant species were simply replaced with new ones, and often from different geographical areas. So, at the end of the XVIII century. The park of Versailles received new plots with plants from North America, which were not here at the time of the royal landscape architect André Le Nôtre, and could not have been then. Norway maple, planted in the park, behaved like in nature. He gave germination of 95-97 percent of his own seeds. New maple groves appeared and other trees were forced out.

More changes have occurred as a result of natural storms. In 1990 and in December, two hurricanes raged over France. The destruction took over 70 percent of the country. The French National Forestry Bureau recorded the death of approximately 30 million trees in the country. In the historic gardens of Versailles, 10,000 trees have been uprooted and toppled. The restoration of the historical appearance of these areas will take 100-150 years.

The condition with other parks was not the best either. The historical Lefortovo Grove in Moscow at the beginning of the 20th century was also extremely damaged by the hurricane. For many historical gardens and parks in Russia in the XX century. came to an end due to lack of care, two disintegrations of the country in and years, a catastrophic history for 74 years. But the new era of the introduction of a market economy, in the absence of war, often led to the death of parks.

Engravings of the historical landscapes of the Versailles park

Renaissance gardens, mannerism, baroque

The tradition of creating gardens as places of noble leisure, philosophical conversations, poetry competitions, theatrical performances was revived in the Renaissance in Italy. Even small gardens at first received their own layouts, were decorated with fountains, sculptures, benches, lawns. The garden at Villa Poggio a Caiano acquired a memorial value in honor of the Medici family. Famous architect Giuliano da Sagnallo was invited to create the villa. The building had the character of a transitional period and compromisedly combined the Italian building tradition with elements of ancient Roman architecture (arcade of the basement floor, portico with a triangular pediment). Often the architect acted as both a gardener and a gardener.

The Boboli garden also acquired a memorial character, which had several sections of gardens created in different decades. The Boboli Gardens became a school for Florentine sculptors, where Bertoldo di Giovanni, Michelangelo Buonarroti and others worked.

Mannerist gardens of the 16th century - the famous page of gardening in Western Europe, which began with the development of garden traditions of the Renaissance and the development of its own type of garden and park ensemble, giving them the first majestic images. Gardens of the Mannerist era greatly influenced the further development of gardening art of the Baroque era of the 17-18 centuries in different parts of not only Europe, but also the world (baroque gardens in Iceland, baroque garden in Beijing at the palace of the Chinese emperor, baroque garden of doctor Bidloo in Moscow, etc.) etc.). In the 20th century in northern Italy, using the style of Mannerism, the La Scarzuola garden was created (architect Tomaso Buza (-), Umbria), where the traditions of the Italian garden of the pre-Baroque period (Bomarzo Park) were developed.

Famous baroque gardens were considered as monuments to famous personalities already in the 17th and 18th centuries. (Versailles is associated with King Louis XIV, Peterhof - with Tsar Peter I, the garden in Warsaw - with the minister Heinrich Brühl). In the 19th century. gardens receive the status of historical monuments, often without direct dependence on eminent owners, because the artistic value of some gardens and parks has acquired an independent meaning (Het Loo garden, Holland, Lazienkowski palace garden, Poland, Baroque garden of the Vaux-le-Vicomte castle, France, Nesvizh gardens castle, Belarus). According to the historical plans of the gardens extracted from the archives, restoration or restoration of the original layout has begun (the flower garden of the garden at the Monplaisir Palace, Peterhof, Rundale Palace Garden, Latvia).

Awareness of the artistic value of individual gardens of the past fell on the day of the 19th century, it went like the restoration of the gardens of the past, their restoration to an almost original form (Het Loo, Vaux le Vicomte), so went the destruction of unique garden and park ensembles, among which -

bidloo doctor's garden in Moscow
manor gardens of the landscape designer of the 18th century Philip Permyakov
Italian park (Pidhirtsi)
garden at the palace Maison-Laffite, France
garden of the Ruzhany Palace, Belarus and a number of others.

Restoration of the gardens of Pompeii

Pompeii, house of Octavius, restored part of the garden

In the 20th century. it became possible to reproduce the long-disappeared gardens of Pompeii. The plants in the gardens covered with volcanic ash and the dead creatures in the villas created cavities. Italian researchers concluded that it is possible to fill these voids with liquid gypsum. An examination of the casts obtained yielded samples of plant roots that were used in the gardens of the deceased city of Pompeii. Plants were recognized by the type of roots. During the conservation and partial restoration of villas and gardens in Pompeii, areas of the former gardens were restored with modern plants, if their counterparts are found in modern times.

Conservation in historic parks-monuments

Conservation is the first stage of restoration work in parks. They are taking care of its condition, preserving the existing spatially planned composition and its parts, repairing and restoring preserved architectural structures, sanitary felling and treatment of plant diseases, adhere to the conservation regime and prevent further unwanted changes in the historical appearance of the park.

Literature

Vergunov A.P. Gorokhov V.A. "Russian gardens and parks", M, "Science", 1988
Grimal P. Les Gardins Romains. Paris 1984
Grimal P. L "art des Gardins. Paris 1964
jashemski W.E. The Gardins of Pompei, Нerculanum and the vsllad destroyed by Vesuvius, 2 vol New York, 1979
Sergeenko M.E. "Gardening in Ancient Italy", Scientific Notes of Leningrad State University, No. 142, 1956

The completed appearance of the ensembles acquired gradually, since from the beginning of construction to the creation of the expressive composition of the ensemble, which is commonly called the period of prosperity, it took 40-50 years. In the process of subsequent formation, some ensembles did not undergo changes that fundamentally violate the original intention, while others were altered, supplemented in accordance with the requirements of other stylistic periods, that is, they experienced subsequent layers.

Restoration of objects of landscape gardening art is a creative process, it does not boil down, with rare exceptions, to literal reproduction of the composition of the heyday. While maintaining the stylistic features of the ensemble as a whole, it is necessary, as a rule, to reckon with subsequent layers, with preserved old trees, a change in the purpose of the ensemble, large flows of visitors and a number of other factors, up to modern methods of operating the park. However, all new requirements must be taken into account so that they do not violate the general principle of solving the ensemble during its heyday.

The restoration of historical objects requires from the author a versatile knowledge (history of urban planning, architecture, garden and park and landscape art, dendrology, soil science, land reclamation, etc.), sufficient erudition and imagination to be able to restore a work of art from all the main features of the period of its heyday.

By the definition of arch. N. A. Ilyinskaya, the term "restoration" in the field of landscape architecture can be applied in the full sense of this concept only to individual fragments and details. As for the objects as a whole, elements of reconstruction always take place in them to one degree or another. Therefore, it would be more correct to call restoration projects projects of restoration with elements of "reconstruction", which is very cumbersome, and in practice this concept began to be replaced by the term "restoration".

The term "recreation" currently means the construction of a completely lost composition anew. The term "conservation" is used in landscape architecture in the sense of preserving and maintaining the composition of the park without making any changes to the layout and volumetric-spatial solution, but at the same time, the growth of trees and shrubs will continue in it, and the park to some extent will change.

Objects of landscape architecture are constantly changing - according to the seasons and throughout their entire existence, experiencing "youth", "mature age", which usually corresponds to the heyday, and "old age". Periodically, when the main tree species reach a critical age, their demolition becomes inevitable. At the same time, there is a sharp contrast - the old trees, with which people became akin, are replaced by young ones, as a result of which the impression of the volumetric-spatial composition changes.

The author of the project develops the methodology for restoring each specific landscape object in relation to its individual characteristics, and in this regard, there are no general recommendations.

Projects for the restoration of historical objects of landscape architecture must be developed in design organizations that can solve this problem in an integrated manner, that is, from a landscape, architectural and engineering point of view.

When starting work on the restoration of a historical object of landscape architecture, first of all, it is necessary to understand its purpose and use in the near future and in the future. This is determined by the design assignment.

The existing practice of using historical parks for various types of modern recreation should be considered as a temporary phenomenon, since it does not completely solve the problem of recreation for citizens and at the same time has a detrimental effect on the condition and appearance of historical ensembles. The most effective measure for the preservation of historic parks is the construction of new, so-called "buffer" parks. They should be located in close proximity to historical ensembles in areas with good natural conditions, which allows them to be improved in a relatively short time. In some cases, the protection zones of historical ensembles can be used to accommodate active forms of recreation.

After identifying the purpose of the restored object in the future, it is necessary to proceed to the actual pre-design work, consisting of an inspection of the object, the collection of the relevant material and, as a result, the analysis of the survey results and the collected material. This is a very important stage of the work, since the project is a logical consequence of the preliminary research carried out.

According to the experience of arch. N.A.Ilyinskaya, it is advisable to conduct the survey of the object and the collection of material in parallel, this makes the work more purposeful. The results of the research carried out in each of the sections (soil, relief, water system, vegetation, architectural structures, small forms) should be drawn up in the form of diagrams, plans, text material, detailed photographs. All this taken together should be the basis for the development of the project and recovery method.

Depending on the complexity and area of \u200b\u200bthe projected object, the scale is chosen 1: 2000, 1: 1000, 1: 500, 1: 200.

Geodetic survey includes the following sections:

1. horizontal layout, vertical layout, underground structures, surface structures, tree plantations (almost all of these data are combined in one drawing);

2. engineering geology;

3. archaeological excavations;

4. archival research.

To obtain comprehensive data on the state of the restored object, its comprehensive characteristics are required, which include:

soil and ground conditions;
relief and soil cover;
water system;
road network and sites;
inventory of plantings;
architectural structures;
small architectural forms and sculpture.

In libraries, archives, museums, plans, engravings, drawings, measurements, photographs should be collected as fully as possible, that is, comprehensive material that reflects the state of the object at different stages of its existence. In addition to graphic and illustrative material, it is necessary to study archival and literary sources that characterize the object at different stages of development. It is also necessary to get acquainted with the history, features of the development of all types of arts and landscape gardening in particular, throughout the existence of the ensemble.

As a result of the analysis done, the conclusion specified in the planned or restoration assignment about the period for which the entire ensemble or its individual parts should be restored should be confirmed or clarified.

Objects that have not undergone stylistic changes during their existence should be restored for the period of their highest prosperity.

The pre-design documentation contains a full description of the state of the restored object and includes:

1. A refined architectural-planning or architectural-restoration task with a clearly formulated purpose of the restored object and the nature of its use in the future, with a perspective calculation of attendance and its comparison with modern attendance.

2. Comprehensive historical information.

3. Historical plan of the period for which this object is being restored.

4. Base plan and base dendro-plan characterizing the current state of the object.

5. Combined plans for planning, placement of structures and plantings (the period for which the object is being restored, and the current state) - a historical and architectural reference plan.

6. Situational plan.

7. Prospective development plan for the area in which the object is located.

8. Scheme of the approved boundaries of the restored object with drawing the boundaries of the security zone, if they are developed.

9. Transport scheme.

10. Building passport of the object - initial data for design. Data and conditions for joining city utilities. Certificate of demolition of dilapidated buildings.

11. Hydraulic plan.

12. Photo fixation of the existing state of the object.

Renovation projects of large and important objects of landscape architecture, as a rule, should be preceded by the stage of technical and economic calculations (FER).

Design is carried out in one stage - a working project or in two stages - a draft design, referred to in the last instruction simply as a "project", and working documentation.

When starting to work on a project, first of all, you should determine whether the historical boundaries of the object remain unchanged. In addition, it is necessary to find out whether it will be necessary to make adjustments to the placement of plantings along the boundaries of the object due to the usually changed environment.

A prospective transport scheme should be studied. If the planned transport stops do not correspond to the location of the historical entrances, then we must seek to bring them in line with those that have developed.

When working on the road network, the long-term attendance of the object as a whole and the attendance of its architectural structures, the route of excursion routes are essential. Of great importance in landscape composition is not only relief, but also microrelief, especially in the open parts. In regular compositions, this is a system of small terraces, artificial rises and falls, in landscape ones, small slopes, which give individual areas a much greater expressiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to pay serious attention to the possibility of the most complete and accurate restoration of both relief and microrelief.

It is useful to submit projects for the restoration of large and important objects of landscape architecture for discussion by specialists. The sketch should be discussed, not the finished work, when practically nothing can be changed. Projects for the restoration of historical objects must be carried out under the supervision of the author. The stated general provisions apply equally to regular and landscape objects.

The objects to be restored are different in artistic value, preservation, purpose, size, availability of historical materials and many other features, therefore it is impossible to recommend a single list of design documentation for all. It is possible to have only approximate lists of documentation for different stages of design, which, depending on specific conditions, are subject to reduction or addition to the scope of SNiP.

Alupkinsky (98676 Alupka, Dvortsovoe highway, 10)
Alupka Park (also known as Vorontsov Park) is a park on the territory of Alupka (Big Yalta). A monument of gardening art, founded in the first half of the 19th century under the leadership of the German gardener Karl Kebach. The area of \u200b\u200bthe park is about 40 hectares. On its territory there are about 200 species, varieties and garden forms of exotic trees and shrubs. It forms a single ensemble with the Vorontsov Palace.

Cypress (Yalta, Gurzuf town)
Cypress Park is a park on the territory of the Artek International Children's Center. A monument of gardening art, created at the beginning of the 20th century. The area of \u200b\u200bthe park is 9 hectares. On its territory about 180 species and decorative forms of trees and shrubs have been collected. As the name suggests, the park is dominated by pyramidal cypresses. A visit to the park is not provided.

Livadiyskiy (Yalta, Livadia village)
Livadia Park is a landscape park with regular elements. Located on the territory of Livadia (Big Yalta), on the slope of Mount Mogabi. Monument of gardening art. Founded at the end of the 19th century. The area of \u200b\u200bthe park is 47.5 hectares. About 400 species and garden forms of trees and shrubs are concentrated on its territory. There are several fountains in the park (including the Livadia fountain, decorated with Arabic script) and an 80-meter pergola entwined with roses, grapes and wisteria, which ends in an octagonal platform framed by Banks roses. Also on the territory of the park there are gazebos (Tsarskaya, Pink, Turkish).

Massandrovsky (Yalta, Massandra village Massandra Park)
Massandra Park is a park-monument of gardening art of national importance. Located on the territory of Massandra (Big Yalta). Founded in the first half of the 19th century. The area of \u200b\u200bthe park is 41.9 hectares. More than 250 species and garden forms of trees and shrubs are concentrated on its territory. The park is home to both local species (Crimean pine, downy oak, Butcher's broom, strawberry tree, stupid pistachio, high juniper) and exotic species (giant sequoiadendron, Himalayan cedar, Atlas cedar, large-flowered magnolia, bamboo, adorable fir).

Miskhorsky (98600 Yalta, Parkovy proezd, ½)
Miskhor Park is a park on the territory of Miskhor (Big Yalta). Monument of gardening art. Founded at the end of the 18th century. The area of \u200b\u200bthe park is 21.3 hectares. About 100 species and garden forms of exotic trees and shrubs are concentrated on its territory, both local forest species (fluffy oak, Crimean pine, dull-leaved pistachio) and such exotic species as Arizona cypress, Coulter pine, palm trees, bamboo, oleander grow. There is a color music fountain in the park.

Karasansky (Alushta, Utes village)
Currently, the plantations of the Karasan Park occupy 18 hectares. From the south, its steep banks are washed by the Kuchuk-Lambat Bay. On the right you can see the spurs of Ayu-Dag, densely overgrown with forest. The plantations of the park include 220 species, varieties and decorative forms of trees and shrubs. Exotics form the basis. In addition to plants widely found in other parks, there are large-flowered abelia, winter flowers, cypresses of Gaven and Lindley, Japanese aucuba, Japanese medlar, feijoa, osmanthus, oleander, marsh cedar, Culter and Himalayan pines and many others.

Foros (Yalta, Foros town)
Foros Park - one of the main treasures of the Foros resort - was founded in the first half of the 19th century. Here, on an area of \u200b\u200b70 hectares, over 200 species and forms of trees and shrubs grow, most of which are exotic species. In this landscape park, the giant sequoiadendron grows, Aleppo, Italian, Primorskaya, Sabinov pines, Greek, Spanish, Nimidian, Caucasian fir trees, Atlas cedars, Himalayan cedars,
Lebanese, Arizona cypresses, large-fruited, palms, magnolias, plane trees and other species. Foros Park is declared a monument of landscape architecture and is protected by law.

Kharaksky (Yalta, item Gaspra-2)
The Kharaks estate was founded in the second half of the 19th century and was located on an area of \u200b\u200b22 hectares in the east of Cape Ai-Todor. It belonged to Grand Duke Georgy Mikhailovich Romanov, grandson of Emperor Nicholas I. The park, which combines landscape and regular planning, has more than 200 species and garden forms of trees and shrubs: columnar yew, oak, juniper, variegated buxus, Lenkoran acacia, Lusitanian cypress, numidian fir, alexandrian leaf, palms, phillirea, cedar, osmanthus, sycamore sycamore and many roses.

Utes (Alushta, Utes village)
The huge park of the sanatorium "Cliff" founded in 1813-1814 by the Governor-General of Tavrida M.M. Borozdin. The area of \u200b\u200bthe park is 7.68 hectares. The park is laid out in a landscape style, gently curving paths are laid taking into account the terrain. From the mansion and the flower calendar next to it, an alley of treelike junipers and cypresses begins. A thousand-year-old berry yew grows in the park. 800-year-old boxwood, oleander, various cypresses and cedars, crimson, leaf bamboo, Chinese wisteria, Babylonian willow and other interesting trees.

Park of the sanatorium "Dyulber" (Yalta, village Koreiz)
The park covers an area of \u200b\u200babout six hectares. It is laid out in a landscape style with elements of Italian regular gardens. In its center are two magnificent palaces of sparkling whiteness, built in the Moorish style. The species composition of the park's plantations is small - there are no more than 50 plant species. They are based on local breeds. There is especially a lot of downy oak. Exotic plants are characterized by yucca, cherry laurels, olives, cedars, pines, palms, oleander, as well as cypress, a constant inhabitant of the south coast parks. The plantings of roses, heliotrope, alisum, tuberose, lavender and magnolias are numerous and varied.

Mellasky (Yalta, Sanatornoye village)
The park of the sanatorium "Melas" is located three kilometers from Foros. It is located at the foot of the steep, but indescribably beautiful in their natural simplicity and majesty of the yayla cliffs. Its slopes are densely covered with a forest of fluffy oak and juniper, among
which here and there are tiny islets scattered with groves of Sudak pine, which is a representative of the Tertiary flora - an endem found only in South Crimea.

Lower Oreanda (Yalta, Nizhnyaya Oreanda settlement)
Nizhnyaya Oreanda Park - located on the territory of the South Coast region of the Republic of Crimea, within the area of \u200b\u200bthe Nizhnyaya Oreanda sanatorium. The surrounding area is extremely spectacular. The combination of the richness of greenery with a fabulous jumble of majestic rocks and the proximity of the sea gives the park a special expressiveness. The attraction of the park is the Swan Lake area. The lake is located at the foot of a high cliff. Lush Babylonian willows grow along its banks. Near them grow in scattered groups or singly cherry laurel, laurel, photinia, viburnum, Caucasian lapina, plane tree and others. White swans are swimming in the lake. The vegetation of the Lower Oreanda Park is rich and has about 130 plant species, and together with varieties and forms, this list includes 160 items.

Park of the rest house "Aivazovskoe" (Alushta, urban-type settlement Partenit)
The park is a monument of gardening art (laid out in the 60s on the site of former vineyards). The magnificent man-made park-monument Aivazovskoe with a relict olive grove, which is more than two centuries old, waterfalls, cascading streams, picturesque corners with exotic plants. More than 150 forms of flora grow in the park, 35 of which are rare. The original gem of the park is the ancient Olive Grove with 200-year-old trees, which previously belonged to the estate of Count Raevsky.

Park of the sanatorium "Ai-Danil" (Yalta, p. Danilovka, Lesovaya st., 4)
The park-monument of gardening art of the Ai-Danil sanatorium is located in the coastal area of \u200b\u200bthe eastern outskirts of Cape Martyan. Founded in the XX century. in place of a natural sub-Mediterranean forest. The flora of the park numbers more than 200 species and cultural forms. In 1998, the Ai-Danil park was declared a local monument of garden art.

"Chukurlar" (Yalta, street Kommunarov, 12)
Park-monument "Chukurlar" is a valuable example of park construction on the southern coast of Crimea. It is of scientific interest as a successful example of the creation of seaside parks on the southern coast of Crimea. The scientific value of the park lies in the fact that 12 plant species, listed in the Red Book, grow on its territory. The total number of protected woody plants is 232, herbaceous plants
- about 2 thousand copies. The territory of the park is a habitat of a rare, protected, decorative type of mushroom - the red trellis. The composition of park compositions includes 168 species of trees, shrubs and lianas, as well as more than 70 ornamental garden forms of woody plants.