How to make a good excursion. Business plan for walking tours How to organize a city tour

Working with tourists (continued)

Always weigh carefully what you say. Use reputable sources, double-check the information several times. Even if incorrect information is often found, it does not become correct and there is no need to tell it to tourists. Scientific lectures, specialized museum publications, local history magazines, books written by historians are preferred as sources of information. Television, newspapers, magazines, the Internet are in last place. unverified or distorted information prevails there.

You can read what the "excursion", created on the basis of stories, fictions, TV shows and modern books, turns into here:
" Night excursions are one of the favorite summer entertainments of bored townspeople and curious guests of the capital, which was confirmed by a sold-out last night. Your obedient couldn't help but poke his nose into this industry, grabbing a barley notepad) I highlight nonsense in italics, I comment offtopic. Since we were driving away from Sukharevskaya, the Sukharevskaya tower, which had previously stood there, was the first to suffer from the guide's imagination:

When building a story, do not forget that there are people in the group who perceive information in different ways: the majority, of course, are visuals, but there are both kinesthetics and audials. Therefore, when describing objects, use words that characterize not only the width and volume of the house, but also the bright color of the stained-glass windows, the rustle of leaves near the house, the unevenness of bricks in the masonry. There are people for whom it is enough to look at the monument, and there are those who need to touch and feel it to get acquainted with the object.

The guide only transmits information taken from trusted sources. He does not express his own opinion, much less impose it. People go to rest, learn something new, but do not receive moral instructions or initiation into any religion. There should be no pressure or aggression in the tone of the conversation. People feel it and then the trip turns into torture, into the imposition of opinions.

“As a professional historian, I know perfectly well how to captivate the audience with interesting stories on historical topics. For my lectures I prepared dozens of examples so that the lecture presented for the record would not be too dry and academic, so that the audience would be interested. to prepare material at the level of lectures.It is enough to know the basic facts and tell stories on this topic, since there are more than enough of them.
This is what happens abroad. In addition to the fact that the general level of knowledge of the guides is an order of magnitude higher than in Moscow travel agencies, no one is trying to teach tourists how to live, to preach their religious views and political views to them. Perhaps this is due to the fact that a slightly different contingent gets there on excursions. Although I cannot say that local routes are used by people who have never seen anything in their lives and have never been abroad. But why is the level of "export" guides much higher than the level of "home-grown" ones?
We drove back without a guide, avoiding a rather boring lecture about his religious views mixed with leavened patriotism. And I don't envy the part of the group with which he stayed, despite the fact that they had the opportunity to just walk around this incredible city ... "

Tell interestingly, with expression, exciting:
"... we were taken on an excursion to Lomonosov. The guide spoke so boringly that she wanted to hang herself! It's just torture."
"... during the guide's story about the defense and surrender of Odessa, the men cried (they really wiped away their tears)"

If you are going to lead a tour of the temple, you need to get permission (blessing) from the priest in advance. If you received it, do not forget that the story should be told in a relatively low voice, without disturbing the believers in the temple. A loud voice in the temple is inappropriate. It is also worth remembering that they do not stand with their backs to the altar, to the icons. You can stand to them sideways or slightly to the side, forming a triangle with the group.

The story should be interesting, comprehensive and not turn into a dry description of the facts. For example, you are passing by any enterprise, TV tower, Mosfilm, botanical garden - tell us what interesting excursions there are, how you can get on them, how to get here.

"Yes, this is the misfortune of many storytellers and guides: they do not always understand that the interlocutors may be interested in the reasons for unusual (illogical) technical solutions, and not only in the history of creation."

"We were on an excursion around Minsk on July 25. I liked Minsk very much, but the guide Margarita was not. The tour was not informative, only dry historical facts, dates. Margarita herself was exhausted from the heat and constantly complained that she felt bad."

Speak slowly enough with expression. The pace of speech and its presentation should be such that you would like to listen to, so that you can remember and understand what you have heard. Otherwise it might look like this:

"... I was just dumbfounded. My brain not only did not have time to digest information, it simply did not perceive some :-) The guide spoke very quickly, very self-confident, not always coherent, and such things that contradict school textbooks (in particular - about the formation of St. Petersburg)"

"... the guide, a young girl, a student very attentively and on the case told about the city and the legends of the city. At the end of the tour there was applause on the bus, the guide and the driver were a little embarrassed. :) And we didn't even want to leave them."

Summarize what you saw, summarize what was said. This will help tourists to better remember and understand what they saw.

"I was convinced that a guide is still needed, because he structures what I saw and heard."

If they try to interrupt you with a question in the middle of the story, ignore it. When you finish the story, you can ask the person to repeat his question.

If during the story something sudden happens around that distracts the attention of people (for example, a wedding procession, dogs, squirrels), you should pause for a while and then continue.

When building a story, speak from general to specific. First, tell us where we are, what surrounds us, and then proceed to describe a specific object. You cannot start the story right away with some story that happened in a certain house. People simply will not understand what kind of house they are talking about, where to look and where they are in general.

Use logical transitions. Don't jump from fact to fact. Nobody needs a lot of little information. Fragmentary information is difficult to assimilate.

When talking important information, let's link to sources. Otherwise, your speech may be considered unfounded or fiction.

It is clear that it is difficult after the three hundredth or thousandth time to tell as if for the first time. But still, the opinion of people and the emotions they receive about the walk depend on your acting talent, inspiration.

"And most of all I remembered the guides, who are included in the ticket price, and I listened to lectures from as many as three. They tell so vividly, with soul and in colors! The last, third girl-guide, I even began to record on a dictaphone."

A guide is an organizer, but not a driver of people. If you work in a group all day, it would be appropriate to warn everyone before starting the trip that at the exits you first tell interesting things for 5-10 minutes, and then free time. Because people are often nervous, they look at you - they are worried that they will not have time to take photos and buy souvenirs. It is important to give them time for this. Otherwise it might look like this:

"I was in Kostroma 1 time, on an excursion. A terrible impression was left - a dog's cold, although the rest of the boat trip was kept warm. The tour was crumpled, the guide was a loud, nervous aunt, gave a lot of orders, didn't tell much."

Don't keep people in one place for a long time. 10 minutes is enough. Then people are distracted, worried that they will not have time to photograph, and in cold weather they freeze.

Do not wave your arms meaninglessly, keep track of your gestures. With the movements of your hands, you direct the eyes of tourists, help them not only to look, but also to see.

When communicating with people, do not wear excessively dark sunglasses. People need to see your eyes, this is respect. If the sun gets in the way, a wide-brimmed hat will help.

Depending on the position of the sun, during the story, position people so that the sun does not hit their eyes. If the weather is hot - put the group in the shade, if it's cold, on the contrary, choose a sunny place, sheltered from the wind.

If lunch is planned on the route, do not forget that the guide will sit down to eat the last one. First, he must check all the tables - how the people were seated, whether there is enough cutlery for everyone, what exactly was served to the tourists (compare with the information of the travel agency). If you are traveling by bus, make sure the driver is fed as well. Tour guides, drivers, managers dine at a separate table from tourists.

Let's give the amount of information that people can assimilate. There is no need to overload them with unnecessary facts, abstract topics and specific terms. Take small breaks. They are necessary for the awareness and assimilation of information.

How much is the guide supposed to say? For example, an excursion is designed for 6 hours. If this is a walk around the city, then the guide says 6 astronomical hours. If outside the city - 6 academic, i.e. every 45 minutes he has the right to take a break for 15 minutes. On the way back, the guide usually does not speak. At this time tourists are resting, someone is sleeping, someone is sharing their impressions with a neighbor, someone is listening to music.

Sometimes on excursions there are people who lack communication. They ask questions they don't need answers to. They need time and attention. If you have the opportunity, give it to them.

If a tourist expresses his point of view on the information provided and tells a lie, do not argue with him. Everyone has the right to be wrong. Your task is to give knowledge, and to assimilate it is the personal work of everyone. Maybe he will, maybe not, it's voluntary.

If you had a suburban bus tour and you are returning back, warn tourists in advance that the bus follows without intermediate stops to the starting point of the tour. People should be informed about this in advance. Otherwise, when approaching the city by bus, a procession of "walkers" will be arranged to the driver and everyone will ask to stop him there. Such situations are often unnerving for drivers. After all, a sightseeing bus is not a taxi and the driver should not drop off a group of people here and there, slowing down, rebuilding and wasting time. The travel time is also monitored by a guide. At the end of the tour, he must document the time of the bus stop when the last tourist left it. Otherwise, the travel company will overpay for the time the bus rolls over.

At the end of the tour, remind the tourists that you can answer their questions. And there are usually many questions.

The guide tries to make the walk interesting, filled with reliable information. Moreover, it gives it in such a way that tourists understand and remember a lot. They gain knowledge and the opportunity for further reflection and, possibly, independent reading and walking. It's great when the work of one person encourages you to find interesting things in new objects.

At the end of the excursion, be sure to summarize - tell briefly where you have been, what you saw. Thank your colleagues for organizing the walk and the tourists for their attention. Usually this is followed by applause :) Your reward for a job well done.

State cultural institution

4.organization of inspection

5.presence of a route

TO peculiarities Museum excursions should be attributed to the great mobility and frequent change of themes and routes due to the constant development of the exposition (introduction of new topics, exhibits, partial re-expositions, etc.). The museum tour is limited to the space of the exhibition space. During the excursion, the guide cannot use pauses; his opportunities for relaxation, preparation of the group for the perception of new material are limited. Often, the exhibits presented to the tourists in variety and variety scatter the group's attention, and the guide has to put a lot of skill and effort to organize and direct the audience's attention to the desired exhibit.

All of the above should be taken into account when preparing and conducting a tour of the museum.

Depending on the breadth of the topic, the depth of its disclosure, excursions are divided into overview and thematic. Also in some cases there are cyclic excursions.

The most common type of excursion is sightseeing tour.

Its purpose is to give the visitor a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe museum, its collections, and the exposition as a whole.

Thematic excursionIs a guided tour on one specific topic. She sets the task of full and deep disclosure of the topic using the maximum of the material related to it, presented in the exhibition.

Thematic tours are not available in all non-state museums. Their presence depends on the profile of the museum, the nature of its main themes, exhibition space, the number of sections and topics, and most importantly, on the variety and richness of museum material.

Cycle excursionsfor non-state museums, this is a rare phenomenon, since they require the unification of excursions by a single topic, work with the same group of visitors in a certain sequence for a certain time.

II. Preparation of a museum excursion

1. The beginning of work on a new excursion is determination of the topic, purpose, range of issues that need to be covered.

All these components of the initial stage of work depend, first of all, on the profile of the museum, the collections that are on display, as well as the demand of visitors.

IV. Excursion methodology

The main methods and techniques for conducting an excursion are outlined in the process of developing its content. However, they receive concrete forms and a complete character only after special training at the exposition, in conditions as close as possible to the excursion. The guide must, in practice, choose the most successful methodological techniques for the given exposition.

There are the following general techniques excursion:

2.story

In practice, they all act in interconnection, ultimately forming a single excursion method. Its main requirement is the organic connection between the show and the story, but, as a rule, during the tour, the show precedes the story. An exhibit display is not a simple demonstration of an item. Each material presented in the exhibition carries certain information and plays a certain role. The task of the guide is to convey this to the sightseers.

When conducting a specific excursion, display and story methods are implemented through a number of techniques, such as:

1.verbal or mental reconstruction (recreation of an event based on the materials presented in the exhibition)

2.comparison

3.citation of the exhibited documents (the read extracts should be skillfully combined with the display of the exhibit itself, help to reveal the topic)

Conversation is an integral part of any excursion. First of all, this is the introductory and final parts of the excursion, which were discussed above. Separate elements of the conversation are introduced into the main part of the excursion, having thought over the questions for the tourists in advance.

In addition to showing, telling and talking, which constitute the basis of the excursion methodology, in the museum excursion, additional techniques are often used: listening to sound recordings of the memories of the participants in the events, which are discussed in the excursion, watching videos, filmstrips, etc. It should be noted that such methods should be followed only if this material is bright, emotional, saturated with information. The duration of such "inserts" should not exceed 4-5 minutes. Otherwise, the attention of the tourists will be scattered, the interest in continuing the excursion will decrease.

For a more complete disclosure of the topic with a small number of exhibits, you can resort to the use of additional, auxiliary material not included in the exhibition: photographs, reproductions, copies, diagrams, maps, drawings, etc. (the so-called "guide's portfolio").

V. Some rules of the excursion

The success of the excursion depends on many factors. The guide is required to:

Knowledge of the material

Correct speech

Impeccable look

Ability to establish contact with the group, etc.

During the excursion, the guide should arrange the group in such a way that the excursionists, without exception, could see the exposition material with which they are currently working. The guide's place is between the group (1.5 m from it) and the stand. When showing with a pointer this or that material (unless a document is read out or certain features of the exhibit are indicated), the guide should address the group and observe its reaction. The indifference of the guide to the behavior of the audience, as well as the manifestation of a bad mood by him, is not acceptable. The guide is a kind of actor. And on how he prepares his role and plays it in public, the success of all the work on preparing the excursion and conducting it for a particular excursion group largely depends.

Vi. Improving the excursion

Before going out with a prepared excursion to the group, the guide must present it to a more experienced and knowledgeable employee for listening, and then the excursion is officially accepted by a commission, which may include representatives of the museum administration, staff members, members of the Museum Council.

But even after the commission accepts the tour, the work on it is not considered complete.

It is necessary to continue studying the chosen topic - to get acquainted with new publications, clarify information about the exhibits, listen to excursions by other guides, analyze the reaction of visitors.

This will provide an opportunity to constantly improve the excursion, make it more relevant, attractive for sightseers, and, therefore, increase interest in the museum as a whole.

The mos.ru portal decided to figure out where the routes come from and what makes people go on excursions around the city. How to see the ancient city among skyscrapers and cars? Where is the utopia house located? Who comes up with city tours and who goes on them? How to get the right route and make a person listen carefully? Larisa Skrypnik, a leading guide of the City Tour Bureau of the Museum of Moscow, spoke to mos.ru about the pros and cons of working as a guide, about the mysteries of Moscow and the best excursionists.

- It seems that everything has already been told about Moscow, all city labyrinths and nooks have been passed, and suddenly a new route appears, a new excursion - how is this possible?

- The Museum of Moscow, where I work, is celebrating its 120th anniversary this year. And all these years the museum staff have been studying the city, its history, following all the changes that take place in the metropolis. There are thousands of documents, books, photographs in our collection that are still being researched. This alone already gives many reasons for a new look even at the most trivial excursions.

There is, of course, a mandatory block of excursions. As a rule, this is a sightseeing tour of Moscow, Red Square, the historical center, which are intended specifically for the first acquaintance with the city - for those who want to learn about the city in which they live. There are many of them - as experience shows, Muscovites often know the city poorly. It seems to a person: I am here, I will have time for everything - and he passes by interesting places, not paying attention to them. But when interest is shown, the person usually becomes our regular customer. That is, the one who came once begins to walk constantly. It is very joyful to see how the popularity of walking and bus excursions grows from year to year: more and more citizens want to know the maximum about the capital.

But there is another block of routes - those that we come up with on our own. These are always unusual walks in which we show the city from a new perspective. They can be thematic, timed to specific dates, events. So, we constantly have new routes around unknown Moscow. We really want to show our beloved city from different sides; I would like the participants of the walks to fall in love with Moscow as much as we do. And such excursions, as a rule, are in great demand.

- Can you tell us more about such routes?

- There was an interesting story during the celebration of the anniversary of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. We were asked to come up with a walking tour of Gogol's places. Moreover, they asked to show not only the monuments to the writer, which are at a distance of 400 meters from each other, not only the temple of Simeon the Stylite, of which Gogol was a parishioner, but something else unusual. In a sense, this is a challenge, I love such things very much. I had to do a walking tour and tell a lot about Gogol. As a result, with great interest for myself, I discovered more than 20 places associated with Nikolai Vasilyevich, on the Arbat. Not in Moscow as a whole, but only on the Arbat. Exclusive excursions are born, for example, from such an offer - to help someone with a topic.

Or, for example, an excursion dedicated to 1612 in Moscow. She was not particularly in demand, no one ever asked to drive to these places. But when the request did appear, it turned out that it was indeed a very interesting excursion. Of course, excursions are also born because you yourself really like something. I love architecture and of course I came up with a walking tour of Art Nouveau. Routes may appear after you've read an interesting book. Nowadays there are a lot of memoirs, all kinds of works by pre-revolutionary Moscow scholars, which we did not know before. You read - and suddenly you see the area completely different, not the way you imagined it, and you have an idea to make an excursion around this place and show Moscow from some, perhaps, unexpected side.

- How does it happen? How is the excursion prepared?

- First, the search for material begins: reading special literature, diaries, going to libraries and, of course, studying the area itself, which you are going to talk about. Sometimes, when you walk the streets, walk into alleys, into courtyards, you discover absolutely incredible treasures that people have not seen. For example, Nikitsky Boulevard is such a front street. But once, when I was preparing an excursion there, I saw a metal gate with a door, behind which it was written that there was a shoe repair or some kind of hardware. In general, a completely unpresentable door. But when I entered this gateway, I realized that it was a whole city with labyrinths. Who would have thought that this could be? People are always very interested in this. As if you are immersed in the past, and one can imagine how you would feel if you lived in this house and your windows looked out onto this courtyard ...

- You said that you have developed a tour of Art Nouveau, but this is not exactly the Moscow style, what are you showing?

- Since this is a walking tour, it passes between Ostozhenka, Prechistenka and in the side streets. This is Isakov's tenement house, Kekushevsky, and the own house of the architect Kekushev. This is also the apartment house of the peasant Loskov. We had such wonderful peasants who could invite the best architects and build houses in the Northern Art Nouveau style. There are really not many of them in Moscow, basically this style is widespread in St. Petersburg.

- It seems to me that the most difficult thing in your work is to make people listen, not all guides and not always succeed.

- You just need to know and understand: people cannot endlessly listen to a set of some facts, even if they are interesting enough, they still need some kind of relaxation. But it is important not just to giggle about something, but that it is tied to the topic. And by the way, on excursions sometimes the participants themselves help to find such relaxing moments. Once on a tour of the Arbat and Arbat lanes I had a wonderful girl of about seven years old. On the Arbat, every building has a history, and I want to tell you about everything. I began to talk about the house with the knights opposite Tetr Vakhtangov and said that, unfortunately, not all the knights survived, and this girl tells me: "But I can tell where this knight has gone." I ask: where? She says: “The fact is that he fell in love with this princess — and the Vakhtangov Theater has a fountain“ Princess Turandot ”—he fell in love, went downstairs, bought her jewelry, but she did not accept the gift. So the knight got upset and left. " This is lovely! Now I always tell this, such a vivid perception by a child of Moscow with its history.

- How long does it take to prepare an excursion?

- It depends on the topic. There are those on which a huge amount of literature has been written, and here you just need to select what you are interested in. There are topics that require serious preparation, maybe even inquiries, meetings with some people who have information on a particular area. The residents themselves tell interesting things. It's always a lot of work.

The selection of material is one of the most exciting moments, and here it is important to control yourself. You search, read, and it is so fascinating that by three o'clock in the morning you can be somewhere in general on the other side of Moscow. Because when you are preparing material, one fact clings to another: but the last name slipped through, and not to clarify ... It is very difficult, but even more difficult to choose something when you have collected a huge amount of material and understand that it is impossible to tell everything , - it is always a pity to remove some information.

Then comes another very important point: you must link all the objects ... It is clear, if the tour is thematic, for example, our "Moscow Ambassadorial", then everything is more or less clear. And if this is an excursion along the street and there are absolutely dissimilar buildings, completely different stories, but you have to connect them in some way to each other, a story should turn out.

I had a wonderful excursion, I led her along Volkhonka, and one of the excursionists, as an intelligent person, warned me in advance that she needed to pick up the child from kindergarten, so she would leave in 50 minutes quietly in English. And I am leading the tour and I understand that 50 minutes have passed, an hour has passed, and the woman is still with us. And I say to her: "Excuse me, please, but it seems to you that the child should be taken from the kindergarten." She says: “You understand, I just can't leave. You finish your story and are so engaging with the next that we will now see further that I just can't leave. " That was the right excursion, since it happened so.

There are also purely technical moments, special ones, which also need to be taken into account: how to stand up correctly so that everyone can hear you, so that you can react to the expression on your face, eyes, so that you can see the tourists and at the same time do not interfere with them to see objects; how to stand to show the object as much as possible; how to stand up so that you can talk about several objects without leaving your place. When preparing an excursion, it takes extra time. For example, I walk down the street and begin, to the surprise of passers-by, to run from one place to another, cross the street, come back in order to understand where I should put the group. And here you have to show your imagination.

There are many other nuances. For example, you need to take into account the location of pedestrian crossings: where they are located, is it convenient for you to cross from this side to the opposite, so that later you do not return to this crossing through another crossing, somehow go further along the route, because people are not interested in the same place to walk back and forth. In general, this is a very big job in fact.

- Let's try to name the pluses and minuses of your profession.

- I was asked this question on excursions ... But it turns out that the minuses turn into pluses. Of course, this is a job that requires a lot of physical exertion, because you need to move a lot both in the preparation process and during the excursion. And they sometimes last two or three hours, and sometimes six or seven.

The weather that we do not choose, and our Moscow weather does not please, let's say, most of the year. Further - that you always work, because you have to be in the subject of modern Moscow, to know everything new that appears, new books about Moscow, new information, new objects. There is so much material that you can never master it completely, but you always strive for it. As a result, you constantly train your memory, your mind, you are always on the move and constantly in the fresh air.

And also people are different, and you put in a lot of effort to keep your attention. When this happens, I feel a tremendous moral upsurge, because I give my energy to people, and they in return - theirs. After the excursion, I always feel emotionally charged. Everything is interconnected here, and if you like it, then you enjoy it more.

Photo: Official portal of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow

How to see the ancient city among skyscrapers and cars? Where is the utopia house located? Who comes up with city tours and who goes on them? How to get the right route and make a person listen carefully? Larisa Skrypnik, the leading guide of the City Tour Bureau of the Museum of Moscow, told the site about the pros and cons of the work of a guide, about the mysteries of Moscow and the best excursionists.

- It seems that everything has already been told about Moscow, all the city labyrinths and nooks have been passed, and suddenly a new route appears, a new excursion - how is this possible?

- Can you tell us more about such routes?

- How does it happen? How is the excursion prepared?

- You said that you have developed a guided tour of Art Nouveau, but this is not exactly the Moscow style, what are you showing?

- It seems to me that the most difficult thing in your work is to make people listen, not all guides and not always succeed.

- How long does it take to prepare an excursion?

- Let's try to name the pluses and minuses of your profession.

The city excursion bureau has developed more than 80 topics dedicated to the history and modernity of Moscow and its famous citizens.

Introduction ………………………………………………… ..3

1. Subject and ides of excursion methods.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion methods ... ... 5

1.2. Methodology for preparing excursions ……………… ... 8

2. Classification of methodological techniques.

2.1 Classification of methodological techniques ………… .14

2.2 Methodological techniques of displaying ……………….… ... 17

2.3 Methodological techniques of the story ………………… .25

3. Special methodological techniques.

3.1. Reception of demonstration of visual aids ..................... 35

3.2 Assimilation of methodological techniques by a guide ………………………………………………… ..39

4. Technique of guiding excursions.

4.1 Technique of guiding excursions ……………………… 42

Conclusion ………………………………………………… ..51

Bibliography …………… .. ……………….… 52

Introduction.

A technique in the broadest sense of the word is a set of methods for expediently carrying out a particular work, solving a problem, achieving a goal, and in a narrower sense it is a set of specific methodological techniques for conducting lectures, conversations, excursions on a specific topic and for a specific group.

The technique is divided into general and specific.

An excursion is a methodically thought-out show of sights, monuments of history and culture, a show based on an analysis of the objects in front of the eyes of the tourists, as well as the events associated with them.

The guide is not indifferent to what the excursionist sees, how he will understand and perceive what he has seen and heard.

The guide, with his explanations, brings the tourists to the necessary conclusions, the effectiveness of the excursion depends on this.

From this it follows that the essence of the excursion can be defined as follows: a visual process of cognition of the surrounding world, a process built on pre-selected objects located in natural conditions or located in the halls of museums, exhibitions, workshops of a sculptor, artist, etc.

The excursion technique is a private technique, since it is associated with the process of disseminating knowledge based on one form of work. The excursion methodology is a set of requirements and rules for an excursion, as well as the sum of methodological techniques for preparing and conducting excursions of various types, on various topics and for various groups of people.

The method of excursion work answers the following questions:

1. Why is the excursion prepared and conducted (purpose, objectives)?

2. What issues are covered during the excursion (what is its content)?

3. How to conduct an excursion (methodological techniques)?

The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts:

Methodology for developing a topic that is new for this bureau;

Methods for the development of a new topic for a guide, but already developed in this bureau;

Methods of preparing a guide for the next excursion;

Excursion methods;

Techniques after excursion work.

1. Subject and types of excursion techniques.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion techniques.

The method of conducting an excursion is a set of techniques used in conducting an excursion, which are designed to find a way more usual and, together with the fact that, as everyone knows, an effective achievement of the purpose of the excursion, to help excursionists easier and more firmly finally master the content of the excursion.

Methodological methods of conducting an excursion are divided into general, personal and individual ones. Imagine one fact that general methods are, as usual, the basis for conducting, as everyone knows, any excursion, regardless of its topic, the composition of the excursion group. I must say that personal, in the end, are those methods that are used in excursions, as most of us are used to saying, of a certain type (industrial, museum, natural history, transport, walking), or in excursions conducted for a certain, as people used to express themselves, excursion audience (kids, youth, adults). It's no secret that personal techniques, focusing on the main requirements of excursion techniques, develop and concretize more effective techniques for conducting excursions of this type. Everyone knows that in the end, single techniques are, as we constantly say, unique methods of observing some, as many say, the 1st object or a story about it, for example, showing a building on the shore of a reservoir, which, on a fine summer day, finally reflects on its surface. And it is not even necessary to say that such techniques are usually the intellectual property of the 1st guide and are not finally used by everyone who, therefore, conducts such excursions. Indeed, one-off methods also include those whose implementation is limited, as we put it, to a certain time of year or day.

The excursion methodology is considered in several aspects: as the basis for the professional skill of the guides; as a mechanism that improves the "feed" of the material; as a process of streamlining the activities of the guide. The technique helps tourists to see, remember and understand much more than in a lecture that covers the same topic. This is because the lecturer's methodology is largely based on all sorts of messages and descriptions, the lecture story is conducted in isolation from the objects of description. The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts: - methodology for developing a topic that is new for this bureau; - methods for the development of a new topic for a guide, but already developed in this bureau; - methods for preparing a guide for the next excursion; - methods of conducting an excursion; - methods of post-excursion work.

Aspects of the excursion methodology: the basis of the professional skill of the guide, the mechanism for submitting the material, the process of streamlining the activities of the guide during the preparation and conduct of the excursion.

The excursion methodology is associated with concepts such as storytelling and showing. To the question about the ratio of the show and the story in the excursion, the methodology gives an unambiguous answer: from the show to the story. One should start with a show, with visual or other (tactile, olfactory) impressions, and then introduce the story. The technique takes into account the object's ability to attract attention, uses various means to enhance the attention of tourists.

Another task of the methodology is to suggest the most effective use of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion. The excursion methodology takes into account the issues of emotional impact on sightseers.

The subject of the excursion methodology is the purposeful study, systematization, formulation, explanation and application in practice of the means and methods of education and training, as well as methodological techniques with the help of which employees of excursion institutions carry out their activities. The excursion methodology generalizes the experience of conducting excursions, develops and proposes such methodological techniques that have justified themselves in practice and ensure the highest efficiency of disclosure and perception of the topic.

1.2 Methodology for preparing excursions.

The development of the excursion is carried out by a creative group, consisting of 3-10 people, depending on the complexity of the topic. Each of the participants is working on one of the sections or one of subtopics excursions. The head of the creative group combines and edits the prepared material.

The preparation is divided into two stages:

Preliminary - selection and study of factual materials (i.e. the process of initial accumulation of knowledge on a given topic), carried out by a creative group, the choice of objects on which the excursion will be built;

Immediate - drawing up an excursion route, processing factual material.

In addition, work is underway on the structure of the methodological development: introduction, main part, conclusion; a control text is compiled, the methodological guidance of the excursion is analyzed (determination of the most appropriate methodological techniques for showing and telling specifically for one or another part of the excursion), a "guide's portfolio" is formed, an individual text is prepared. A methodological development is a concise plan, a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, in what sequence to organize the display of monuments, what methodology is advisable to use for an effective excursion. Here the guide must find advice on the sequence in which to show and tell the story, what materials are from the "guide's portfolio" and when it is better to demonstrate. A methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion.

Methodological development is an obligatory document, without which an excursion on this topic cannot be conducted.

An obligatory document is also an individual text, which gives the guide the right to conduct an excursion on this topic. A correctly drawn up methodological development helps the guide to reveal the topic more fully.

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