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Goal: Expand children's knowledge of the world around them, introduce them to the phenomenon of inanimate nature - a volcanic eruption. In the process of experimentation, develop the desire to learn new things, evoke positive emotions from studying the world around them, show parents the importance of taking classes in the "Window to Nature" circle.

Tasks:

Educational:

1. to acquaint children with the concept of "volcano", to give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe origin and structure of volcanoes;
2. to form children's ideas about a natural phenomenon - a volcanic eruption;
3. to form the ability to properly handle chemicals (vinegar).
4. show the positive and negative value of volcanoes for people.
5. show the relationship and interaction of all living and nonliving on Earth.

Developing:

1. to stimulate the desire of children to experiment;
2. to develop an emotionally positive attitude to the knowledge of the surrounding world;
3. develop thinking, imagination, attention, observation.
4. develop communication and physical skills in play.

Educational:

1. to educate a respectful attitude towards nature;
2. to promote stable emotional-positive well-being and activity of the child in the framework of joint experimentation activities.
3. develop the ability to listen, emotionally respond to the actions of children from other groups, the ability to socialize in a large team.

Integration of educational areas:knowledge, communication, health, safety.

Technology: game, experimentation, health-preserving (physical education, relay game), multimedia (presentations, video materials.

Dictionary: volcano, earth crust, lava, crater, vent, pumice, tuff

Materials and equipment: Globe, magnetic board with calendar pictures, model of a volcanic mountain located on a deep tray, computer, multimedia projector, presentation "Volcanoes", presentation "Photos from different activities of the circle", video "Shishkina school" - natural history lesson "Volcanoes" 6 min ., documentary video "Journey to Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka" 2 min, red cones with paper flame, soft toys for the relay game "Rescuers", music.

Experimentation Equipment:

• model of a mountain of volcanic origin, water, red gouache, dish detergent, soda, vinegar, dessert, tea and tablespoon;
• a transparent vase of water, pieces of pumice, stones, paper towels.

Preliminary work.

Making a model of a volcanic mountain.

For the manufacture and formation of the model of the mountain, it was necessary: \u200b\u200ba tray, a plastic bottle, cardboard, adhesive tape, plasticine.

Leisure course

Children enter the hall to music, sit on high chairs.

Leading: My name is Tatiana Andreevna. I lead the "Window to Nature" circle. Today we invited all the children of our garden and their parents to our lesson. We always make a weather calendar first. But today I made it myself, and the guys will tell you about the weather.
(on a magnetic board - calendar cards)

Children: Season - winter, precipitation - snow, weak wind, cloudy in the sky, cold outside.

Leading: I'll read you a riddle, and you try to guess what will be discussed today:

I spit fire and lava
I am a dangerous giant!
I am glorious with unkind glory,
What is my name?
(Volcano)

Leading: That's right, today we'll talk about such a mysterious, mysterious, amazing and formidable natural phenomenon like a volcano. We leave for the "Shishkina school" for a lesson in natural history.

Video with multimedia from the series "Shishkin School" "Volcanoes" 6 min.

Leading: Where are the volcanoes?

Children: In the mountains.

Leading: How to find mountains?

Stands alone on one leg
Turns, turns his head
Shows us the countries
Mountains, rivers, oceans? (Globe).

Guys! What do we need a globe for? What else do people mark on the globe? Why do you think our globe is painted in different colors? Why is there so much blue on it? What is marked with this color? What other colors do you see and what do you think they might mean? What color do the mountains represent? (children's answers).

Physical education "Volcano"

Poem (Movement)

Volcanoes began to "play" -
Eject lava from the vent.
(Sit down, gradually rise on toes, raise your hands up, stretch, do a few shaking with relaxed hands, lower your hands down.)
The volcano is thundering! The volcano is puffing!
How formidable he looks now!
(Hands on the belt, lift them up while squeezing and unclenching the fingers into a fist. -2 times)
But then he began to get tired -
The fire in him began to fade.
(Slowly lowering the arms while squatting down)
The last time I breathed fire -
(Sitting in a squat, a long strong exhalation. Breathe like dragons "spitting fire")
And fell asleep for decades.
(They put their hands under the cheek "fall asleep, sleep")
Repeat - 2 times. (website maam.ru)

Leading: We are now embarking on a journey across planet Earth in search of volcanoes.

Volcanoes presentation.

“There lived a god named Vulcan. And he liked blacksmithing: standing by the anvil, hitting the iron with a heavy hammer, fanning the fire in the forge. He had a forge inside a tall mountain. When Vulcan worked with the hammer, the mountain trembled from top to bottom, and the rumble and rumble echoed far around. Hot stones, fire and ashes flew from the hole on the top of the mountain with a deafening roar. “The volcano is working,” - people said with fear, and left to live far from this place. Since then, people, all fire-breathing mountains began to be called volcanoes. "

Here is an interesting legend about the origin of the name volcano.

To understand the nature of volcanoes, you need to know the structure of the Earth. The earth is composed of several layers. We live on the outermost layer, the thinnest one, which is called the earth's crust. These plates seem to float on the surface of a viscous, molten substance. This substance on which the plates float is called magma. The word "magma" is translated from Greek as dough or pasta.

Slide 3

The magma that comes out is called lava.

Slide 4

A lot of volcanic dust comes out of the crater with lava.

Slide 5

See what happened to the bus, which was hit by molten lava and froze. He was captured by the elements.

Slide 6,7,8

Guys! What harm do you think a volcanic eruption does?
Nothing can hold the volcano. Cities, islands and even countries perish under its ashes. A terrible tragedy happened in the distant past. The city of Pompey was razed to the ground. No one managed to escape in this city. A few years later, archaeologists managed to unearth this lost city. This terrible tragedy made a huge impression on the Russian artist Karl Bryullov, who depicted the tragedy on his canvas. And he called it "The Last Day of Pompeii." Currently, scientists who study volcanoes sometimes manage to predict an eruption in advance and residents can leave the cities and escape.

Slide 9

Most of the volcanoes went out, and it would seem forever. But they only sleep and can wake up every minute. Some volcanoes rarely wake up - once every 100 or 1000 years, others more often.

Slide 10

Lava after a volcanic eruption solidifies and turns into a solid rock pumice. It is used in cosmetology. With its help, strong dirt is removed from the skin.

Experimenting "Buoyancy of Pumice and Granite"- check the buoyancy of pumice and granite. Children put granite and pumice stones in a transparent vase.

Slide 11

Also, frozen lava becomes stone over time. It's called tuff. Houses are built from it.

Slide 12

What other benefits can a volcano bring? Volcanoes, like elevators, lift many useful substances to the surface. Therefore, the soil around them is very fertile. Medicines and fertilizers are made from volcanic dust. Grapes are grown. This farmer is harvesting on the island of Lanzarote.

Leading: Now tell me, are there volcanoes in Russia? Yes. There are many of them on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Now let's take a helicopter trip there.

Video trip to Kamchatka Tolbachik volcano 2.5 minutes

Host: Now let's make a volcanic eruption with you. We need a model of the volcano, which the preparatory group helped to make. And various substances: soda, red gouache, dishwashing liquid, vinegar, water, funnel, spoons.

Experimenting "Volcanic Eruption".

2-3 people from the preparatory group help pour in ingredients other than vinegar. (Disturbing music sounds)

Leading: Volcanic eruptions began. Small animals got into the disaster zone. We must save them.

Relay game "Rescuers" (to music)

2 red cones with red corrugated paper flames on top. There are small soft toys around the cones. Children in teams take turns running to the volcano, run around the cone, take one soft toy and carry it to the hospital (a hoop on the opposite side of the hall)

Leading: Well done. Everyone was saved. On our planet Earth, everyone is connected to each other. The main task of the circle is to form children's ecological awareness, understanding that everything is interconnected. In conclusion, the children will recount the poem by B. Zakhoder "About everyone in the world." (To put on hats of different animals for the readers)

All-all -
In the world,
We need them in the world!
And midges are no less needed than elephants ...
You can't do without ridiculous monsters
And even without the evil and fierce predators!
We need everything in the world!
We need everything -
Who makes honey and who makes poison.
Bad things for a cat without a mouse
A mouse without a cat is no better business.
Yes, if we are not very friendly with someone -
We still need each other very much.
And if someone seems superfluous to us,
This, of course, will turn out to be a mistake.

Leading: See what else the guys are doing at the "Window to Nature" club

Presentation "Photos from different activities of the" Window to nature "circle"(Beautiful music sounds)

Leading: Until next time!

To the song “Everything, everything, everything in the world is needed ...” children leave the hall.

Literature.

1. Tugusheva G. P., Chistyakova A. E. Experimental activity of children of middle and senior preschool age: Methodical manual. - SPb .: DETSTVO-PRESS, 2010 .-- 128 p.

2. article by N. V. Yagupova Site planetadetctva.ru

3. article Tyulyakova S.A., Zaitseva O.S. Website www.maam.ru

A truly amazing sight is a volcanic eruption. But what is a volcano like? How does a volcanic eruption take place? Why do some of them spew huge lava flows at different intervals, while others sleep peacefully for centuries?

What is a volcano?

Outwardly, the volcano resembles a mountain. There is a geological fault inside it. In science, a volcano is usually called a formation of geological rocks located on the surface of the earth. Through it, magma erupts outward, which is very hot. It is magma that subsequently forms volcanic gases and rocks, as well as lava. Most of the volcanoes on earth were formed several centuries ago. Today, new volcanoes appear on the planet occasionally. But this happens much less often than before.

How do volcanoes form?

If we briefly explain the essence of the formation of a volcano, it will look like this. Under the earth's crust there is a special layer under strong pressure, consisting of molten rocks, and it is called magma. If cracks suddenly begin to appear in the earth's crust, then elevations form on the surface of the earth. It is through them that magma comes out under strong pressure. On the surface of the earth, it begins to disintegrate into hot lava, which then solidifies, causing the volcanic mountain to become larger and larger. The emerging volcano becomes such a vulnerable spot on the surface that it spews volcanic gases with high frequency to the surface.

What is a volcano made of?

In order to understand how magma erupts, you need to know what a volcano is made of. Its main components are: a volcanic chamber, a vent and craters. What is a volcano focus? This is where magma forms. But not everyone knows what a volcano's mouth and crater are? A vent is a special channel that connects the hearth with the surface of the earth. A crater is a small bowl-shaped depression on the surface of a volcano. Its size can reach several kilometers.

What is a volcanic eruption?

Magma is constantly under strong pressure. Therefore, there is a cloud of gases above it at any time. Gradually they push the red-hot magma to the surface of the earth through the mouth of the volcano. This is what causes the eruption. However, one small description of the eruption process is not enough. To see this spectacle, you can use the video, which you need to watch after you have learned what the volcano consists of. Likewise, on the video you can find out which volcanoes do not exist at the present time and how the volcanoes that are active today look like.

Why are volcanoes dangerous?

Active volcanoes are dangerous for a number of reasons. The dormant volcano itself is very dangerous. He can "wake up" at any time and begin to spew lava flows spreading over many kilometers. Therefore, you should not settle near such volcanoes. If an erupting volcano is located on the island, a dangerous phenomenon such as a tsunami may occur.

Despite their danger, volcanoes can serve humanity well.

Why are volcanoes useful?

• During the eruption, a large number of metals appear that can be used in industry.
• The volcano gives rise to the strongest rocks that can be used for construction.
• The pumice stone from the eruption is used for industrial purposes, as well as in the production of stationery and toothpaste.

Volcanoes - these are geological formations on the surface of the earth's crust or the crust of another planet, where magma comes to the surface, forming lava, volcanic gases, rocks (volcanic bombs) and pyroclastic flows.

The word "volcano" comes from ancient Roman mythology and comes from the name of the ancient Roman god of fire, Vulcan.

The science that studies volcanoes is volcanology, geomorphology.

Volcanoes are classified according to their shape (thyroid, stratovolcanoes, cinder cones, domed), activity (active, dormant, extinct), location (terrestrial, underwater, subglacial), etc.

Volcanic activity

Volcanoes are divided, depending on the degree of volcanic activity, into active, dormant, extinct and dormant. An active volcano is considered to be a volcano that erupted in a historical period of time or in the Holocene. The concept of active is rather imprecise, since a volcano with active fumaroles is considered by some scientists to be active, and some to extinct. Inactive volcanoes are considered dormant, on which eruptions are possible, and extinct - on which they are unlikely.

At the same time, among volcanologists there is no consensus on how to define an active volcano. The period of activity of a volcano can last from several months to several million years. Many volcanoes exhibited volcanic activity several tens of thousands of years ago, but are currently not considered active.

Astrophysicists, historically, believe that volcanic activity, caused, in turn, by the tidal impact of other celestial bodies, can contribute to the emergence of life. In particular, it was volcanoes that contributed to the formation of the earth's atmosphere and hydrosphere, emitting significant amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Scientists also note that too active volcanism, such as on Jupiter's moon Io, can make the planet's surface uninhabitable. At the same time, weak tectonic activity leads to the disappearance of carbon dioxide and sterilization of the planet. "These two cases represent the potential boundaries of planetary habitability and exist alongside the traditional parameters of the zones of life for systems of low-mass main sequence stars," the scientists write.

Types of volcanic structures

In general, volcanoes are divided into linear and central, but this division is arbitrary, since most volcanoes are confined to linear tectonic faults (faults) in the earth's crust.

Linear volcanoes, or fissure-type volcanoes, have extended supply channels associated with deep crustal fracture. As a rule, basaltic liquid magma is poured out of such cracks, which, spreading to the sides, forms large lava sheets. Along the cracks, gently sloping spray shafts, wide flat cones, and lava fields appear. If the magma is more acidic (higher silicon dioxide content in the melt), linear extrusion rolls and masses are formed. When explosive eruptions occur, explosive ditches tens of kilometers long can occur.

The shapes of central volcanoes depend on the composition and viscosity of the magma. Hot and easily mobile basaltic magmas create vast and flat shield volcanoes (Mauna Loa, Hawaiian Islands). If a volcano periodically erupts either lava or pyroclastic material, a cone-shaped layered structure, a stratovolcano, appears. The slopes of such a volcano are usually covered with deep radial ravines - barrancos. Volcanoes of the central type can be purely lava, or formed only by volcanic products - volcanic slags, tuffs, etc. formations, or be mixed - stratovolcanoes.

Distinguish between monogenic and polygenic volcanoes. The first arose as a result of a single eruption, the second - multiple eruptions. Viscous, acidic in composition, low-temperature magma, squeezed out of the vent, forms extrusive domes (Montagne-Pele needle, 1902).

In addition to calderas, there are also large negative landforms associated with subsidence under the influence of the weight of the erupted volcanic material and a pressure deficit at depth that arose during the unloading of the magma chamber. Such structures are called volcanotectonic depressions, depressions. Volcanotectonic depressions are very widespread and often accompany the formation of thick ignimbrite strata - volcanic felsic rocks of different genesis. They are lava or formed by sintered or welded tuffs. They are characterized by lenticular segregations of volcanic glass, pumice, lava, called fyamme, and a tuff or tof-like structure of the groundmass. As a rule, large volumes of ignimbrites are associated with shallow magma chambers formed due to melting and replacement of host rocks. Negative landforms associated with volcanoes of the central type are represented by calderas - large round-shaped sinkholes, several kilometers in diameter.

Classification of volcanoes by shape

The shape of the volcano depends on the composition of the lava it erupts; five types of volcanoes are usually considered:

• Shield volcanoes, or "shield volcanoes". Formed as a result of multiple ejections of liquid lava. This form is characteristic of volcanoes erupting low-viscosity basaltic lava: it flows for a long time both from the central vent and from the side craters of the volcano. The lava spreads evenly over many kilometers; a wide “shield” with gentle edges is gradually formed from these layers. An example is the Mauna Loa volcano in Hawaii, where lava flows directly into the ocean; its height from the base on the ocean floor is about ten kilometers (while the underwater base of the volcano is 120 km long and 50 km wide).
• Slag cones. During the eruption of such volcanoes, large fragments of porous slags are piled up around the crater in layers in the form of a cone, and small fragments form sloping slopes at the foot; with each eruption, the volcano becomes higher and higher. This is the most common type of volcano on land. They are no more than a few hundred meters high. An example is the Plosky Tolbachik volcano in Kamchatka, which exploded in December 2012.
• Stratovolcanoes, or "layered volcanoes". Periodically they erupt lava (viscous and thick, rapidly solidifying) and pyroclastic matter - a mixture of hot gas, ash and hot stones; as a result, deposits on their cone (sharp, with concave slopes) alternate. The lava of such volcanoes also flows from cracks, solidifying on the slopes in the form of ribbed corridors that serve as a support for the volcano. Examples - Etna, Vesuvius, Fujiyama.
• Dome volcanoes. Formed when viscous granite magma, rising from the bowels of the volcano, cannot drain along the slopes and solidifies at the top, forming a dome. It clogs its mouth, like a cork, which is eventually knocked out by the gases accumulated under the dome. Such a dome is now being formed over the crater of Mount St.Helens in the northwestern United States, formed during the 1980 eruption.
• Complex (mixed, compound) volcanoes.

Eruption

Volcanic eruptions are geological emergencies that can lead to natural disasters. The eruption process can last from several hours to many years. Among the various classifications, there are general types of eruptions:

• Hawaiian type - emissions of liquid basaltic lava, lava lakes are often formed, should resemble scorching clouds or incandescent avalanches.
• Hydroexplosive type - eruptions occurring in the shallow conditions of the oceans and seas are characterized by the formation of a large amount of steam arising from the contact of hot magma and sea water.

Postvolcanic phenomena

After eruptions, when the activity of the volcano either ceases forever, or it "dorms" for thousands of years, the processes associated with the cooling of the magma chamber and called postvolcanic processes persist on the volcano itself and its surroundings. These include fumaroles, baths, geysers.

During eruptions, a volcanic structure sometimes collapses with the formation of a caldera - a large depression with a diameter of up to 16 km and a depth of up to 1000 m.When magma rises, the external pressure weakens, the gases and liquid products associated with it break out to the surface, and a volcano erupts. If ancient rocks are brought to the surface, and not magma, and water vapor prevails among the gases, formed when groundwater is heated, then such an eruption is called phreatic.

The lava that has risen to the earth's surface does not always come out on this surface. It only raises layers of sedimentary rocks and solidifies in the form of a compact body (laccolith), forming a kind of system of low mountains. In Germany, such systems include the Rhön and Eifel regions. On the latter, another post-volcanic phenomenon is observed in the form of lakes filling the craters of former volcanoes that failed to form a characteristic volcanic cone (the so-called maars).

Heat sources

One of the unsolved problems of manifestation of volcanic activity is the determination of the heat source required for the local melting of the basalt layer or mantle. Such melting should be narrowly localized, since the passage of seismic waves indicates that the crust and upper mantle are usually in a solid state. Moreover, the thermal energy must be sufficient to melt huge volumes of solid material. For example, in the USA in the Columbia River Basin (Washington and Oregon states), the volume of basalts is more than 820 thousand km³; similar large strata of basalts are found in Argentina (Patagonia), India (Deccan plateau) and South Africa (Great Karoo Upland). There are currently three hypotheses. Some geologists believe that melting is due to local high concentrations of radioactive elements, but such concentrations in nature seem unlikely; others suggest that tectonic faults in the form of shears and faults are accompanied by the release of thermal energy. There is another point of view, according to which the upper mantle is in a solid state under high pressure conditions, and when the pressure drops due to cracking, it melts and liquid lava flows out along the cracks.

Areas of volcanic activity

The main areas of volcanic activity are South America, Central America, Java, Melanesia, the Japanese Islands, the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka, the northwestern United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Aleutian Islands, Iceland, the Atlantic Ocean.

Mud volcanoes

Mud volcanoes are small volcanoes through which not magma comes to the surface, but liquid mud and gases from the earth's crust. Mud volcanoes are much smaller in size than ordinary ones. Mud tends to come to the surface cold, but the gases emitted by mud volcanoes often contain methane and can ignite during an eruption, creating a picture that looks like a miniature eruption of an ordinary volcano.

In our country, mud volcanoes are most common on the Taman Peninsula, they are also found in Siberia, near the Caspian Sea and in Kamchatka. On the territory of other CIS countries, most of all mud volcanoes are in Azerbaijan; they are found in Georgia and the Crimea.

Volcanoes on other planets

Volcanoes in culture

• Karl Bryullov's painting "The Last Day of Pompeii";
• Movies "Volcano", "Dante's Peak" and a scene from the movie "2012".
• The volcano near the Eyjafjallajökull glacier in Iceland, during its eruption, became the hero of a huge number of humorous programs, TV news plots, reports and folk art discussing events in the world.

(Visited 2,878 times, 1 visits today)

What is a volcano?

The mountains above the channels and cracks in the earth's crust are called volcanoes.

Most often, volcanoes look like cone-shaped or domed mountains, on top of which there is crater, or a funnel-shaped depression. Sometimes, as scientists say, the volcano "wakes up", and then it happens eruption... At the same time, molten substances of the earth's crust and mantle of the Earth, called magma.

Eruption is a series of strong and weak explosions and outpourings lava - mixtures of molten rocks. The volumes of the erupted lava can reach several tens of cubic kilometers. Eruptions are long-term, which can be observed for several years and even centuries, and short-term, lasting for several hours. Their precursors include the following phenomena: earthquakes, changes in the composition of gases, sound (acoustic) drops, and others.

Those volcanoes that from time to time eject hot gases or steam from their vents are called active. Volcanoes that have recently erupted are also considered active. There are about 500 such volcanoes on Earth.

Many volcanoes are quiet and do not give cause for concern. But one day the volcano may "wake up", and then the consequences will be tragic. This was the case with the volcano Arenas (height 4500 meters), located 150 kilometers from Bogota, the capital of Colombia. The date of its last eruption was 1595. Since then, it was considered extinct; the city of Armero was built at its foot. The misfortune happened on November 13, 1985. Powerful explosions melted snow and ice in the crater of the volcano and terrible streams of hot mud poured onto the town, whose inhabitants peacefully slept in their homes. After the eruption, only a 5-6 meter thick layer of mud remained. As a result of this eruption, 20 thousand people died.

There are mountain volcanoes, and there are also underwater volcanoes that are completely hidden under water. "Waking up", such volcanoes erupt not only magma, but whole fountains of water.

Anastasia Vlaskina
Lesson for preschoolers "Volcanoes and geysers"

Volcanoes and geysers

goal:

Development of cognitive interests and cognitive research activities in children preschool age.

Tasks:

To acquaint children with natural phenomena geysers and volcanoes;

Form ideas about types volcanoes by their structure, the cause of the eruption;

Activate children's speech the words: hearth, magma, vent, crater, lava;

Develop a cognitive interest in natural phenomena;

Foster curiosity, strong-willed qualities (purposefulness, independence, organization).

Course of the lesson:

I invite you to get acquainted with the phenomenon of nature. And with what phenomenon, listen and guess riddle:

From the dream the mountain woke up

Gurgled, boiled.

And from the cap it shot up

A lot of smoke, soot, ash.

Lava is pouring like honey, thick.

What to call such a mountain?

(Volcano)

There are unusual mountains in some places on earth. (Slide 1, 2) When they "Sleep" they differ little from other mountains. But as soon as they wake up, and then from their heights (vents volcano) flames and hot stones burst (Slide 3). Volcanoes are shrouded in smoke, explosions sound, a hot liquid flows along the slopes - lava (Slide 4, a real fiery stream (Slide 5)... Now you can observe the structure volcano(Slide 6)... The top of the mountain from which erupts volcano, called a crater volcano(Slide 7).

Crater volcano - this is a huge bowl with steep slopes, and at the bottom - a reddish - orange mouth - this is a mouth, a hole that goes deep into the ground. Fiery liquid

emerging from volcano, called lava (Slide 8)... The temperature inside the Earth is so high that the stones turn from solid to liquid (Slide 9)... When lava chunks freeze, new stones are obtained (Slide 10). Volcanoes erupt in different ways. Sometimes they seem to explode, throwing magma up and to the sides. A huge mountain is shaking with a terrible roar, a huge cloud of smoke and ash rises above it, stone rain showered the slopes. And sometimes it flows out "Calmly" (Slide 11)... We have many volcanoes... Almost all of them are located in the Far East, Kamchatka, and the Kuril Islands.

Guys, do you know why the fire-breathing mountains are called « volcanoes» ? (Children's answers)

Hear an interesting legend.

“There lived a god named Volcano and he liked blacksmithing - standing by the anvil, hitting the iron with a heavy hammer, fanning the fire in the forge. He built himself a blacksmith inside a tall mountain. When The volcano worked with a hammer, the mountain trembled from top to bottom, and the roar and rumble spread far around. Hot stones, fire and ash flew out of the mountain hole with a deafening roar. « The volcano works!» - people said with fear and went to live far from this place. "

Now guys we know that volcano so called on behalf of God, who liked blacksmithing. (Slide 12)

Guys, you know volcanoes are activedormant and extinct.

1. Acting volcano - when there is an eruption volcano. (Slide 13).

During the eruption volcano looks like a raging beast. He growls and bites, and can do a lot of trouble.

What do you think the volcano is called sleeping? (Children's answers)

2. Sleeping is volcano, which looks like an ordinary mountain, but can explode with fiery lava at any time. (Slide 14).

The volcano is sleeping, only exhales a light smoke into the sky, as if someone is stoking the stove. AND volcano - it really is a stove, only an underground one. Fire is raging in it all the time. Sleeping volcanoes accumulate strengthto wake up.

What kind volcanoes are called extinct? (Children's answers)

3. Extinct are volcanoeswho worked in the distant - distant past (Slide 15).

Do you think it is dangerous, scary for people to live next to such a mountain? (Slide 16)

(view of Koryaksky volcano(Koryakskaya Sopka).

What is the threat? What usually happens before an eruption? (Children's answers) Earthquake.

Will someone be able to tell, help people about the upcoming eruption volcano?

(Children's answers) Volcanologists.

Beyond life volcanoes constantly monitored by scientists - volcanologists(Slide 17)... These scientists sometimes manage to warn people of impending danger and residents can leave places nearby. volcano and escape... See what a dangerous profession it is (Slide 18)... With the help of special devices, they will know when volcano"Sleeping", and when "Wakes up" (Slide 19)... If a volcano"Wakes up"then it can destroy the city (Slide 20)... After the eruption, a scorched desert remains, and life will not appear in this place soon. But sometimes, thanks to action volcano new, land - for example, the Hawaiian Islands were formed in the ocean millions of years ago thanks to volcanic processes(Slide 21).

Fizminutka:

Here volcano is a mountain,

And inside the mountain is a hole.

Smoke comes from the mountain

Stones are flying, gray smog.

The hum resounded here and there:

Wakes up volcano.

The whole mountain trembled

Magma ran lava

Don't go there, dear,

Where is the awake volcano.

Today I want to tell you about another interesting property of water. Hot water, guys, is found not only in the kitchen, it happens in nature. This phenomenon is called geyser.

Geysers - a rare natural phenomenon (Slide 22)... This is a type of boiling springs with temperatures reaching 98 degrees. Word « geyser» means gushing, gushing a fountain. Meet geysers in North America, in Iceland, New Zealand. Russia also has this unique phenomenon and an extraordinary sight. This place is called the Valley geysers(Slide 23, and it is located in Kamchatka.

The biggest geyser - Giant(Slide 24)... Its water column soars to a height of 30 meters, and clouds of steam rise up to 300 meters. This amazing sight is accompanied by a deafening roar. Each of geysers has a certain mode and rhythm of the eruption, but they all operate with the precision of a clockwork. Everyone has it geyser its own water temperature. Some are only warm, one could swim in such water, while others are very hot. You can boil an egg in water at this temperature.

How does it work geyser? How does it erupt? (Slide 25).

(Do geyser there is a central channel going through solid rocks where there is a crack from the surface to a magma chamber or very hot rocks. Cold water from the surface seeps down and pushes the superheated water up the channel, while it heats up. When part of the hot water is poured onto the surface, the pressure in the channel decreases, the water suddenly boils, partially turns into steam and bursts out in a column upward, sometimes to a great height) (Slide 26).

Now you know what it is volcanoes and geysers and how they erupt. When you are big, you will probably become scientists.

Please tell me what you have learned new and interesting from today lessons? (Answers.)

And now, guys, let us express our impressions with you in our work, someone will draw, and someone blinds.

Thank you all for your work!

You are very capable and wonderful!