Oceans of the world: map, names, description, area, depth, plants and animals. The nearest ocean is in Portugal When to go to Fiji

The Atlantic Ocean is considered one of the largest and most voluminous in size, namely the second largest after the Pacific Ocean. This ocean is the most explored and developed when compared with other water areas. Its location is as follows: from the east it is framed by the shores of North and South America, and in the west its borders end in Europe and Africa. In the South, it passes into the Southern Ocean. And on the north side it borders on Greenland. The ocean differs in that there are very few islands in it, and the relief of its bottom is all mottled and has a complex structure. The coastline is broken.

Characteristics of the Atlantic Ocean

If we talk about the area of \u200b\u200bthe ocean, then it occupies 91.66 million square meters. km. We can say that part of its territory is not the ocean itself, but the existing seas and bays. The volume of the ocean is 329.66 million square meters. km, and its average depth is 3736 m. Where the Puerto Rico trench is located, it is considered the deepest ocean depth, which is 8742 m. There are two currents - North and South.

Atlantic Ocean from the north side

The ocean border from the north is marked in some places by ridges located under water. In this hemisphere, the Atlantic is framed by a jagged coastline. A small northern part of it is connected to the Arctic Ocean by several narrow straits. The Davis Strait is located in the northeast and connects the ocean with the Baffin Sea, which is also considered to belong to the Arctic Ocean. Closer to the center is the Danish Strait, which is less wide than the Davis. Between Norway and Iceland, closer to the northeast is the Norwegian Sea.

In the southwest of the North Current is the Gulf of Mexico, which is connected by the Florida Strait. And also the Caribbean Sea. Many bays can be noted here, such as Barnegat, Delaware, Hudson Bay and others. It is in the north side of the ocean that you can see the largest and largest islands, which are famous for their fame. These are Puerto Rico, world famous Cuba and Haiti, as well as the British Isles and Newfoundland. Towards the east, small groups of islands can be found. These are the Canary Islands, Azores and Cape Verde. Closer to the west - the Bahamas, Lesser Antilles.

South Atlantic Ocean

Some geographers believe that the southern part is the entire area up to Antarctica. Someone defines the border at Cape Horn and the Cape of Good Hope of two continents. The coastline in the south Atlantic Ocean is not as indented as in the north, and there are no seas. There is one large bay near Africa - the Guinean bay. The farthest point in the south is Tierra del Fuego, which is flanked by small islands in large numbers. Also, you cannot find large islands here, but there are separate islands, like about. Ascension, St. Helena, Tristan ─ da Cunha. In the extreme south, you can find the South Islands, Bouvet, Falkland Islands and others.

As for the current in the south of the ocean, here all systems flow counterclockwise. Near the east of Brazil, the South Passat Current forks. One branch goes north, flows near the northern coast of South America, filling the Caribbean. And the second is considered southern, very warm, moves near Brazil and soon connects with the Antarctic current, then goes to the east. Partially separates and turns into the Benguela Current, which is distinguished by its cold waters.

Atlantic Ocean attractions

The Belize Barrier Reef has a very special underwater cave. They called it the Blue Hole. It is very deep, and inside it there is a whole series of caves, which are connected by tunnels. The cave reaches 120 m in depth and is considered unique in its kind.

There is no person who does not know about the Bermuda Triangle. But it is located in the Atlantic Ocean and excites the imagination of many superstitious travelers. Bermuda shorts beckon with their mystery, but at the same time they frighten with the unknown.

It is in the Atlantic that you can see an unusual sea that has no shores. And all because it is located in the middle of a body of water, and its boundaries cannot be framed by land, only currents show the boundaries of this sea. This is the only sea in the world that has such unique data and is called the Sargasso Sea.

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The ocean is the largest object and is the part that covers about 71% of our planet's surface. The oceans wash the shores of continents, have a water circulation system and have other specific features. The oceans of the world are in constant interaction with everyone.

Map of the oceans and continents of the world

Some sources indicate that the World Ocean is subdivided into 4 oceans, but in 2000 the International Hydrographic Organization singled out the fifth - the Southern Ocean. This article presents a list of all 5 oceans of planet Earth in order - from largest in area to smallest, with the name, location on the map and main characteristics.

Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean on Earth Map / Wikipedia

Due to its large size, the Pacific Ocean has a unique and varied topography. It also plays an important role in shaping weather patterns around the world and in the modern economy.

The ocean floor is constantly changing as tectonic plates move and subduct. Currently, the oldest known area of \u200b\u200bthe Pacific Ocean is about 180 million years old.

Geologically speaking, the area surrounding the Pacific Ocean is sometimes called. The region has this name because it is the world's largest area of \u200b\u200bvolcanism and earthquakes. The Pacific region is prone to explosive geological activity, because most of its bottom is in subduction zones, where the boundaries of some tectonic plates are pushed under others after collision. There are also some areas of hotspots where magma from the Earth's mantle is forced out through the earth's crust, creating submarine volcanoes that could eventually form islands and seamounts.

The Pacific Ocean has a varied bottom topography, consisting of ocean ridges and that formed in hotspots below the surface. The relief of the ocean differs significantly from that of large continents and islands. The deepest point in the Pacific Ocean is called the "Challenger Abyss", it is located in the Mariana Trench, at a depth of almost 11 thousand km. The largest is New Guinea.

The climate of the ocean varies greatly depending on latitude, land availability and the types of air masses moving over its waters. Ocean surface temperature also plays a role in climate as it affects the availability of moisture in different regions. The surrounding climate is humid and warm for most of the year. The extreme northern part of the Pacific Ocean and the far southern part are more temperate, with large seasonal differences in weather conditions. In addition, some regions are dominated by seasonal trade winds that affect the climate. Tropical cyclones and typhoons also form in the Pacific Ocean.

The Pacific Ocean is practically the same as the other oceans of the Earth, with the exception of local temperatures and salinity. The pelagic zone of the ocean is home to marine animals such as fish, marine and. Organisms and scavengers live at the bottom. Habitat can be found in sunny, shallow ocean areas near the coast. The Pacific Ocean is home to the largest variety of living organisms on the planet.

Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean on Earth map / Wikipedia

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean on Earth with a total area (including the adjacent seas) of 106.46 million km². It occupies about 22% of the planet's surface area. The ocean has an elongated S-shape and stretches between North and South America in the west, and also in the east. In the north, it connects with the Arctic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south. The average depth of the Atlantic Ocean is 3,926 m, and the deepest point is located in the oceanic trench of Puerto Rico, at a depth of 8,605 m. The Atlantic Ocean has the highest salinity of any oceans in the world.

Its climate is characterized by warm or cool water that circulates in different currents. Water depth and winds also have a significant impact on ocean surface weather. Strong Atlantic hurricanes are known to develop off the coast of Cape Verde in Africa, heading to the Caribbean from August to November.

The time the supercontinent Pangea disintegrated, about 130 million years ago, marked the beginning of the formation of the Atlantic Ocean. Geologists have determined that it is the second youngest of the world's five oceans. This ocean played a very important role in connecting the Old World with newly explored America from the late 15th century.

The main feature of the Atlantic Ocean floor is an underwater ridge called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which extends from Iceland in the north to about 58 ° S. sh. and has a maximum width of about 1600 km. The water depth above the ridge in most places is less than 2700 meters, and several mountain peaks of the ridge rise above the water, forming islands.

The Atlantic Ocean flows into the Pacific Ocean, but they are not always the same due to water temperature, ocean currents, sunlight, nutrients, salinity, etc. The Atlantic Ocean has coastal and open ocean habitats. Its coastal areas are located along coastlines and extend to the continental shelves. Marine life is usually concentrated in the upper layers of the ocean, with coral reefs, algae forests and sea grasses located closer to the coast.

The Atlantic Ocean is of significant contemporary importance. The construction of the Panama Canal, located in Central America, allowed large ships to pass waterways from Asia across the Pacific Ocean to the east coast of the Americas across the Atlantic Ocean. This led to a revival of trade between Europe, Asia, South America and North America. In addition, there are deposits of gas, oil and precious stones at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.

Indian Ocean

Indian Ocean on Earth map / Wikipedia

The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean on the planet and has an area of \u200b\u200b70.56 million km². It is located between Africa, Asia, Australia and the Southern Ocean. The Indian Ocean has an average depth of 3,963 m, and the Sunda Trench is the deepest depression, with a maximum depth of 7,258 m. The Indian Ocean occupies about 20% of the World Ocean.

The formation of this ocean is a consequence of the collapse of the supercontinent Gondwana, which began about 180 million years ago. 36 million years ago, the Indian Ocean assumed its current configuration. Although it first discovered about 140 million years ago, almost all of the Indian Ocean basins are less than 80 million years old.

It is landlocked and does not extend to arctic waters. It has fewer islands and narrower continental shelves compared to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Below the surface layers, especially in the north, ocean water is extremely low in oxygen.

The Indian Ocean climate varies considerably from north to south. For example, monsoons dominate in the northern part, above the equator. Strong northeast winds are observed from October to April, while south and west winds are observed from May to October. The Indian Ocean also has the warmest weather of all five oceans in the world.

The ocean depths contain about 40% of the world's marine oil reserves, and currently seven countries extract from this ocean.

Seychelles is an archipelago in the Indian Ocean of 115 islands, and most of them are granite islands and coral islands. On the granite islands, most of the species are endemic, and the coral islands have the coral reef ecosystem where the biological diversity of marine life is greatest. The Indian Ocean has an island fauna that includes sea turtles, seabirds and many other exotic animals. Most of the marine life in the Indian Ocean is endemic.

The entire marine ecosystem of the Indian Ocean is facing species declines as water temperatures continue to rise, which in turn leads to a 20% decline in phytoplankton, on which the marine food chain is highly dependent.

South ocean

Southern Ocean on Earth map / Wikipedia

In 2000, the International Hydrographic Organization singled out the fifth and youngest ocean in the world - the Southern Ocean - from the southern regions of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The New Southern Ocean completely surrounds and extends from its coast northward to 60 ° S. sh. The Southern Ocean is by far the fourth largest of the world's five oceans, surpassing only the Arctic Ocean in area.

In recent years, a large amount of oceanographic research has focused on ocean currents, first due to El Niño and then due to wider interest in global warming. One of the studies determined that currents near Antarctica isolate the Southern Ocean as a separate one, so it was isolated as a separate, fifth ocean.

The area of \u200b\u200bthe Southern Ocean is approximately 20.3 million km². The deepest point is 7,235 meters deep and is located in the South Sandwich Trench.

Water temperatures in the Southern Ocean range from -2 ° C to + 10 ° C. It also hosts the largest and most powerful coldest surface current on Earth, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which moves eastward and is 100 times the flow of all world rivers.

Despite the highlight of this new ocean, it is likely that the debate about the number of oceans will continue in the future. In the end, there is only one “World Ocean”, since all 5 (or 4) oceans on our planet are interconnected with each other.

Arctic Ocean

Arctic Ocean on Earth map / Wikipedia

The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the five oceans in the world and has an area of \u200b\u200b14.06 million km². Its average depth is 1205 m, and its deepest point is in the Nansen Basin, at a depth of 4665 m. The Arctic Ocean is located between Europe, Asia and North America. In addition, most of its waters are located north of the Arctic Circle. located in the center of the Arctic Ocean.

While located on the continent, the North Pole is covered in water. For most of the year, the Arctic Ocean is almost entirely covered by drifting polar ice, which is about three meters thick. This glacier usually melts during the summer months, but only partially.

Due to its small size, many oceanographers do not consider it an ocean. Instead, some scholars speculate that it is a sea that is mostly fenced off by continents. Others believe it is a partially enclosed coastal water body of the Atlantic Ocean. These theories are not widespread and the International Hydrographic Organization regards the Arctic Ocean as one of the world's five oceans.

The Arctic Ocean has the lowest salinity of any of the Earth's oceans because of the low evaporation rate and fresh water coming from streams and rivers that feed the ocean by diluting the concentration of salts in the water.

The polar climate dominates this ocean. Consequently winters exhibit relatively stable weather with low temperatures. The most famous characteristics of this climate are polar nights and polar days.

It is believed that the Arctic Ocean may contain about 25% of the total natural gas and oil reserves on our planet. Geologists have also established that there are significant deposits of gold and other minerals. The abundance of several species, fish and seals also make the region attractive to the fishing industry.

The Arctic Ocean has several animal habitats, including endangered mammals and fish. The region's vulnerable ecosystem is one of the factors that make the fauna so sensitive to climate change. Some of these species are endemic and irreplaceable. The summer months bring an abundance of phytoplankton, which in turn feeds the basement that eventually ends up with large land and marine mammals.

Recent developments in technology allow scientists to explore the depths of the world's oceans in new ways. This research is needed to help scientists study and possibly prevent the catastrophic effects of climate change in these areas, as well as discover new species of living organisms.

The nearest ocean is in Portugal

Portugal seems to be specially invented for those who love warmth, luxury, and the ocean. And so that all this was not far from flying. And so that, in addition to the resorts themselves, there were also normal human settlements in which normal local residents live, and not just tourists and hotel staff. So that you can walk along the narrow streets, go to a local pub, drink good local wine ...

Portuguese resorts are designed for gourmets. People who are so used to luxury that they simply do not notice it. Therefore, on the one hand, they just need a jacuzzi with a parabolic antenna sticking out of every corner of the hotel, and on the other, since luxury for them is a natural environment, they like to escape from it for a few hours. Plunge into the life of places that, it seems, have not been touched by time. Hear the ringing of bells calling for morning mass, mingle with the crowd of locals entering the church. Walk to the harbor, watch the fishermen pull their catch out of boats onto land, maybe even exchange a few words with them, clap their tongue approvingly, expressing admiration for a particularly large tuna fish. And without giving a damn about the abundant buffet, bursting with many delicious dishes in anticipation of your only connoisseur, have breakfast with a portion of fried sardines bought from a local merchant. To overpay him a little in excess of the requested amount, so that he too has the same good mood in the morning as you do. On a morning like this, nothing tastes better than this simple Portuguese food.

After that, it's time to return to the hotel, pull on your shorts and go to the beach, to the ocean. Plunge into the Atlantic, warm your mortal body in the sun. Go to the pier and whistle to the crew of the yacht rented the day before that you are ready to sail.

The fact that Portugal is the outskirts of the continent has its own charm. In it, as in any province (and Portugal is often called the province of Europe), it is much better to rest than in the centers of civilization. Moreover, the benefits of civilization created there do not disturb the unhurried rhythm of life in the boondocks. Although, in the literal sense of the word, you cannot call Portugal a backwater. The country is ancient. Here and there, there is a medieval church or a Moorish fortress. Climbing deep into any town, it is as if you find yourself in the Middle Ages with numerous artisan shops.

The Algarve resort is much less ancient than the surrounding towns and villages. Back in the sixties, a foreign tourist here looked like an outlandish bird, it is not clear for what purpose it flew to the ocean. The Algarve has been under construction in recent decades, making it one of the most modern in Europe. In recent years, it has gained fame as one of the world's tourist centers.

The Algarve has been little developed by Russian tourists. More precisely, not mastered at all. Unlike their neighbors the Spaniards, the Portuguese were not seriously interested in the Russian market for a long time. And only two years ago they realized it. Portugal began to prepare for the arrival of the Russians.

To begin with, the hotel staff began to intensively teach Russian. Local travel agencies began to urgently acquire a staff of translators from Russian. Having studied the tastes of our tourists a little, some hotels even began to build their own casinos. So we can say that for this season the Algarve is in every sense ready for the expected landing of Russian tourists. And from June 13, Aeroflot's A-310 will start flying here weekly. On this plane, the travel agency "Academservice" offers to go on vacation to Portugal.

Although the Algarve is an expensive resort, Academservice offers tours starting at $ 599, including flights, hotel, transfers, insurance and breakfast. More breakfast in a Portuguese hotel is not needed. Of course, if you want, the tour price will also include lunch and dinner at the hotel. But I repeat, there is no particular sense in this, because it is cheaper to eat on the side. In addition, then you will have every opportunity to appreciate all the delights of Portuguese cuisine.

First, it is very cheap. Secondly, it is very abundant. And for lovers of fish and "seafood" Portugal is the very place where you need to come to gorge on seafood for the year ahead. Fish dishes are especially delicious in the Algarve. Here they invented their own way of cooking it. The fish, along with onions, tomatoes and bell peppers, are placed in a hermetically sealed thin copper pan. And it is stewed without adding any fat. The dish just melts in your mouth. Even if you are not a fanatical fish lover, you should definitely try it.

If you prefer active relaxation to lying on the beach between meals, then know: in the Algarve this is very welcome. There are many tennis courts and golf courses for you (by the way, if you have not yet mastered this aristocratic game, you will be taught it in one of the local golf clubs). For those who like to lose extra pounds and pump muscles closer to the water, all kinds of sea sports are offered. Inveterate fishermen, as well as those who just dream of really fishing once in a lifetime, can go deep-sea fishing. And romantics can rent a yacht. With or without a crew.

And of course, they took care of small children here too. Special playgrounds and water parks have been built for them. About older children too: there are many discos in the Algarve, both in hotels and outside them. By the way, not only teenagers and couples in love dance in discos, but also German tourists of quite advanced age. No wonder - age is not a hindrance to dancing. It is unnecessary to talk about bars. By itself: where enlightened Europeans have a rest, bars are built on the basis of "two establishments for one soul of a vacationer." Casinos have already been mentioned - they were built, they are building and will be built. There are plenty of places for everyone to spend their hard earned dollars. As usual in good casinos, in addition to gambling tables and slot machines, there are catwalks here. On which every night a variety of shows are arranged to entertain the darlings of fortune.

There is also room for those who like to drink a glass of good Portuguese port while watching the dances of pretty Portuguese women without mixing these two pleasures with mercantile interests - that is, they do not like going to the casino. And you don't even have to go far: many hotels host entertainment programs every night.

After dancing and swimming, you can devote some time to cultural leisure. Academservice offers about ten excursions along the Algarve coast. If you went to Portugal, so to speak, by gravity, then excursions in Russian would have cost you a pretty penny. Although local guides have begun to master the Russian language, only a few have mastered enough to conduct excursions. The partner of Academservice has such guides. And since "Academservice" has many groups, the cost of the excursion is not high. Those who wish can be sent on an excursion to the capital of Portugal, Lisbon, and even to the Spanish Seville (Portugal, like Spain, is included in the Schengen area, so a separate visa is not required to visit Seville). And, of course, there are excursions with visits to wine cellars, and there, of course, tasting. Portugal is one of the centers of winemaking. In addition to the excellent fortified wines, with which many people quite rightly associate the country in the first place, very tasty dry wines are produced here.

Sea (that is, ocean) cruises in the Algarve are also organized at the proper level. As it should be - with a survey of rocks, caves, swimming and dining on the ocean. There is even a cruise on the Guadiana River, which runs the border between Portugal and Spain.

And after Lisbon, golf, fishing and cruises, you should lie in the shade under an almond tree and dream about how you will come to these blessed lands next year.

As we were explained, the rest of the cities are located on the seashore with access to various oceans.
;-)
I saw the ocean for the first time today. This is amazing! I just wanted to stay there, sit and look at this beauty, walk barefoot in the surf and volcanic sand. Moving higher at times, where the sand is hot, to keep warm after the cold ocean ...
And after all, volcanoes are quite flaunting nearby!
Kamchatka is amazing.

The end point in our Kamchatka adventure turned out to be fantastically soulful

3. The water is of course cold, the maximum in the heat warms up to +17 sometimes and only walruses swim here

4. Nevertheless, these places are very popular among those who like to conquer the waves on a board or kite.

5. And here are the volcanoes on the ocean

6. There was a whole camp of surfers standing nearby.

8. Not very visible in the photo, but the sand is black, as it is volcanic.
It turns out a black beach. Very unusual
;-)

9. Cold water)) yesterday I sat on a hot spring in the middle of Kamchatka with my feet in it. I almost boiled my limbs.
It was so hot! And there is such a contrast the next day.

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13. Guys ride, of course, in special hydro suits.

14. The beach is popular with tourists and residents of Petropalovsk-Kamchatsky, there are comfortable wooden paths on the territory, since it is difficult to walk on the sand in shoes, you fall through. There are volleyball courts and a beach soccer field.

15. Goodbye, Kamchatka! Will definitely come back here!
:-)