Slutsk is the administrative center of the Slutsk district of the Minsk region. The city is located 104 km south of Minsk, 30 km north of Soligorsk. The republican road P23 (Minsk - Mikashevichi) passes through Slutsk, as well as the P43 road connecting Slutsk with Bobruisk and Kobrin.
expand all textDevelopment history - Slutsk
It is believed that the name of the city was given by the Sluch River. According to scientists, the city was founded at the confluence of the Bychok River with the Sluch River by the Slavic tribe of Dregovichi. Slutsk was first mentioned in "Tale of Bygone Years" in 1116 as one of the cities of the Turov principality. Independent specific center Slutsk became a principality in 1160, when the city passed to Vladimir Mstislavovich, the grandson of Vladimir Monomakh. The Slutsk principality was finally formed by the 90s. XII century. In the first third of the XIV century, Slutsk became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1395, the heir to the Grand Duke of Lithuania Olgerd - Vladimir and his descendants - became the owner of the principality. princes Olelkovichi... Initially, the Olelkovichi did not consider the city as their fiefdom, but sought to seize power in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. However, after a series of unsuccessful attempts to approach the grand-princely throne, the ambitions of the clan subsided and the Olelkovichi began to develop the Slutsk region, eventually turning it into one of the most advanced and wealthy cities of the state.
Thanks to the efforts of the Olelkovichs in 1441 g. Slutsk, the third of all the cities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, receives Magdeburg Law... A wooden Upper Castle, protected by a moat and an earthen rampart, is being erected on the site of the Detinets. At the beginning of the XVI century. Slutsk for 20 years with 1502 to 1521 repeatedly exposed to the raids of the Crimean Tatars. The story of the princess is widely known Anastasia Slutskaya, which in 1506 led the defense of Slutsk and successfully repelled the attack of the Tatars. In 1508 Slutsk was attacked by the rebellious prince Mikhail Glinsky, who was a longtime admirer of Anastasia. Having received a refusal, Glinsky decided to take the city by force and thus marry the princess. But his plans were not destined to come true. Anastasia went down in history not only as the liberator of the Slutsk lands from the Crimean Tatars, but also as an urban planner. In honor of the victory of the Slutsk soldiers and as gratitude to God for their salvation, she erected temples. In addition, she changed the layout of the city, moving the trading area to a new location - to the west of Detinets, across the Bychok River. Anastasia inherited her son Yuri and left a developed and prosperous city.
Since the princes Olelkovichi always professed Christianity according to the Byzantine model in 1606 in Slutsk it was founded Orthodox brotherhood and fraternal school... Princess Sophia Slutskaya is widely known, canonized as Belarusian shrines. Sofia donated cash and jewelry to the clergy, as well as the Slutsk Preobrazhensky Orthodox brotherhood. She made pilgrimages to distant parishes of the Slutsk land.
After Sophia married Janusz Radziwill, the property passed to one of the oldest and richest tycoon families. Radziwills, who became the masters of the city, erected a powerful fortress in Slutsk, and rebuilt the Upper and Lower Castles into palace complexes... In 1617, a Calvinist gymnasium was opened in the city. By the 1630-1640s. Slutsk was turned into an impregnable fortress city, fortified with earthen ramparts, ditches and bastions. It is worth noting the fact that the Radziwills owned the city only during 1612-1695. and 1744-1832 WITH late XVII until the beginning of the 18th century. Slutsk belonged to the princesses of Neuburg.
During the Northern War (1700-1721) Slutsk was visited three times by the Russian Tsar Peter I and once by the Swedish King Charles XII. Even then, when in 1744 Slutsk again began to belong to the Radziwills, the magnates opened in the city, perhaps the most famous production in the Belarusian lands, - a manufactory for the production of Slutsk belts (1736). The manufacture existed until 1844 and throughout its history produced belts, silk bedspreads, tapestries and carpets. Slutsk has become the capital of the weaving and textile industry. Under the Radziwills in 1751 a theater was opened, which existed for 9 years. During this period, the first professional ballet was also created in the city.
As a result of the second section of the Commonwealth in 1793 g. Slutsk becomes part of the Russian Empire and becomes the center of the district of the Minsk province. During the war of 1812 with Napoleon, Slutsk was occupied by French troops. In the XIX century. the appearance of the city and the architectural and planning structure have undergone significant changes. The old buildings of the city from the time of the Radziwills fell into disrepair and were dismantled. Also, the city gradually grew and, thus, long ago went beyond the walls of the former fortifications: the ditches were filled up, and the ramparts and bastions in most cases were torn down. In addition, a road from Moscow and Warsaw passed through Slutsk. All these circumstances contributed to the change in the appearance of the city. The new block development in Slutsk was completely subordinated to the road passing through the city and was of a strictly regular nature. According to the First General Census, which was conducted in the Russian Empire in 1897, the population of Slutsk was just over 14,000 people.
In the period from 1909 to 1915. in Slutsk there was a regular bus service for the carriage of passengers, and by 1915 the city was laid Railway from Osipovich. In the same year, the headquarters of the 2nd Army of the Western Front was located in the city. In March 1917, the Soviet of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies was formed in Slutsk, and by the end of the year Soviet power was established. Until December 1918 the city was occupied by German troops, and after the Red Army. During the Soviet-Polish war (1919-1920), Slutsk was occupied by the Poles, who, during the retreat, plundered and set fire to the city. The Slutsk uprising of the Belarusian Socialist-Revolutionaries for the restoration of the Belarusian People's Republic, which took place in November-December 1920, is widely known.
After the end of the Soviet-Polish war, the city became part of the BSSR. Since 1924 the city has been a regional center. During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1944) Slutsk was occupied by the German fascist invaders. During the occupation and hostilities, the city was almost completely destroyed. During the war, a ghetto operated in the city, in which almost the entire Jewish population of Slutsk was destroyed. During the occupation, about 30,000 people from all over the region died in the ghetto.
In the post-war period, Slutsk was rebuilt anew. Today, more than two dozen industrial enterprises operate in the city, educational and cultural institutions operate.
expand all textTourism potential - Slutsk
Despite the fact that today there is practically nothing left of the historical buildings of old Slutsk, the city still has sufficient tourist potential. It is known from cartographic and literary sources that Slutsk was a fortress city. In the city park, a site has been preserved where defensive ramparts... The unique wooden 18th century, as well as House of the Noble Assembly- an architectural monument of the XIX century. in the style of classicism, in which it is located today. The exposition of the museum tells about the history of the Slutsk region from ancient times to the present.
At the end of the last century, Sophia Slutskaya, a Belarusian saint, canonized in 1984, was installed in the city. The figure of Sophia stands against the background of an arch symbolizing a Christian church. The most famous of the preserved sights of the city is one of the oldest educational institutions in Belarus - Slutsk gymnasium founded in 1617 by Janusz Radziwill. The building of the gymnasium is an architectural monument in the style of classicism.
While in Slutsk, you must visit, located on the basis of a factory of art products. In addition to belts, the company produces woven, sewing, embroidered products, napkins and tablecloths, bed and table linen, linen for women and men, as well as national clothes, decorative panels and paths. It operates on the territory of the factory. The exposition of the museum consistently acquaints the listener with historical events and personalities related to the Radziwill era of the 18th century and the Slutsk silk-weaving manufactory, which created the Slutsk belts - masterpieces of Belarusian decorative and applied art. Visitors can watch the process of creating a modern Slutsk belt, performed on the world's only loom designed for the production of belts.
Slutsk is a small town, ideal for coming here on a weekend and getting to know all the key attractions of the place.
The city is the administrative center of the district of the same name and, as can be seen on the map of Slutsk from a satellite, it borders on the Soligorsk, Uzdensky, Pukhovichi and Kopylsky districts. The Sluch river flows through the city and the Bychok river flows into it. total area- 30.5 sq. Km. Detailed map city allows you to see in detail Administrative division cities, streets with house numbers, significant objects cities.
Streets and roads on the map of Slutsk
The map of Slutsk gives the opportunity to see the layout of the city. In total, there are about 300 streets in Slutsk, the total length of which reaches 90 km. Central Lenin Street crosses the entire city, from east to west, conventionally dividing it horizontally in half. Outside the city, Lenin Street turns into the P43 highway. The central street, as you can see on the map of Slutsk with streets, is crossed by several large streets:
- Socialist;
- 14 Partisans;
- Bagdanovich;
- Kapylskaya;
- Kulikova;
- Zhukov;
- Kazintsev-Prokopchik;
One of the main streets - Vilenskaya, starts in the city center parallel to st. Lenin. In the western sector it turns into st. Saligorskaya, and outside the city it turns into the P23 highway. Between the rivers Sluch and Bychok there is an old Slutsk posad - the place where the original urban settlement was formed. There are two parks in the city, which can be found using a detailed map of Slutsk.
From the eastern part of the city comes the P43 highway, which connects the city with Bobruisk. The P23 highway connects Slutsk and Minsk from the north side and, bypassing the city along the ring road from the west, moves to the south, until the intersection with the M10 highway (Gomel-Bres). Slutsk is a railway junction where two lines converge: Slutsk - Soligorsk, Baranovichi - Osipovichi.
Slutsk map with houses. Landmarks and important objects
There are many objects of historical and cultural value in the city:
- Building of the Nobility Assembly - modern historical Museum(on Lenin street, 171, opposite the city park);
- several buildings of the 19th century;
- Slutsk gymnasium - the oldest educational institution of the Republic of Belarus (Komsomolskaya st., 7);
- Slutsk Theological School.
On the territory of the city there are such places of worship:
- Temple of Alexander Nevsky;
- Chapel of Barbara:
- Temple of Cosmas and Demyan;
- Cathedral of the Archangel Michael.
A detailed map of Slutsk with streets and houses will help to find each of them.
Post-war buildings prevail in modern urban architecture. Most housing stock occupied by buildings of the 60s, made of bricks and reinforced concrete. There are also more modern buildings, located mainly in the central part. A map of Slutsk with houses allows you to see what prevails in the city private sector... The exceptions are areas along Lenin Street, microdistricts in the northern part of the city, between st. 14 Partisans and Magistralnaya, airport area.
In the area of the Park of Culture and Leisure, there is a city stadium. The airport is located near the center, on the street. Bogdanovich. South of the airport you can find the Central Hospital. The children's clinic is located at odd side st. Lenin, in the area Central Park... As you can see on the Yandex map of Slutsk, the Railway and the Bus Station are in close proximity to each other. The Slutsk Cheese-Making Plant, the Meat Processing Plant and the Sugar Refinery are located in the south-western part of the city. The city has a Cadet School, which can be found on a map of Slutsk with house numbers, the eastern part of the city.
Economy and industry of Slutsk
The industrial sector of the city consists of 23 enterprises. The city-forming ones are: JSC "Slutsk Sugar Refinery", "Slutsk Cheese-Making Plant", "Slutsk Meat Processing Plant", "Slutsk Plant of Bread Products". Also, on the territory of the city there are: a flax factory, a cannery, a handling equipment plant, a factory for the production of enameled dishes. All enterprises are indicated on the map of Slutsk by district.
In the construction sector, the priority is the construction of residential buildings. Since 2002, more than 3,000 houses have been built in the Slutsk region. There are 14 construction and repair and construction organizations in the region, including 3 road enterprises.
On the map of Slutsk with house numbers, there are also light industry enterprises: the Grand Partner garment factory, the Formel knitwear factory, the Slutsk belts enterprise, the furniture factory and the Kolos wine and vodka factory.
The newspaper "Slutsk Krai" is published twice a week (since 1919). The publication is under the patronage of the Slutsk district executive committee... The "Capital" edition is published weekly. The circulation of the newspaper is up to 10,000 copies. Since 2001 the newspaper "Infa-Courier" has been published.
Finding the location of certain objects is best done using a map. A detailed map of Slutsk, showing streets with numbers of houses, objects, roads and rivers, is the best assistant in exploring the city.
Slutsk was attractive to me for several points: a fortress and castles, a monument to Stalin and the history of riots in 1967, about which few people know. Slutsk belts are not my topic.
The history of Slutsk is rooted in the distant past. For the first time the city was mentioned in the Tale of Bygone Years, in the XIV century it was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in 1441 it received the Magdeburg Law. At the beginning of the 16th century, the city repeatedly successfully fought off the Crimean Tatars. In the 17th century, Slutsk came under the possession of the Radziwills and by the middle of the century turned into a first-class bastion fortress with a New Castle (Citadel). In the 19th century, the city received a new planning structure. The city fortifications are completely torn down, the ditches are filled up, the city is being rebuilt in its old place. The fate of old Slutsk is similar to the fate of old Brest, with the only difference that Brest was moved to a new place and its territory was occupied by a Russian fortress, which has now become a tourist pearl of the city. Slutsk received practically nothing in return ...
A week ago, having entered Slutsk from the west, I drove through the city in order to look around and see the church on the eastern outskirts. The church turned out to be modern, I was not impressed by it and I didn’t even take pictures. I returned back to the center to visit the museum and get information about the city, where and what you can quickly see. It was a market day, there were a lot of people and cars on the streets of the city, and the weather was not conducive to walking.
So - Slutsky local history museum, located in the building of the former Noble Assembly.
The exposition of the museum is so-so. There was not a word in it about the Slutsk UR (or I did not notice), and there was not a word about the riots of 1967. But there was a section on Stalinist repressions and an extensive section on the Soviet post-war period. Everything is somehow dark, standard and not fun. Although during my time there was an excursion around the museum and it has its 25 thousand visitors a year.
Here are some shots of the exhibits I liked the most.
Scheme of city fortifications with the Old and New Castle. 
There is practically no trace of these fortifications now. I didn’t hear the groans of the city residents about the untimely departed castle / castles and the city, as in Brest. As well as I did not come across madmen who are going to excavate and restore castles. I learned from the museum staff that in the park you can see a small section of the city's flooded moat. On the site of the Old Castle and the Slavic settlement, the Palace of Culture was built, but the hill is still visible in the relief.
When I was writing this report I came across a wonderful one. I give here a link to it and a few pictures. The article contains many schemes of the castle from different periods of its existence. Including on a fragment of the General Plan of 1972, its outlines are guessed. Unfortunately, I did not see this place, I was not told about it.
New castle or Citadel of the Slutsk fortress
Let's go back to the exposition of the museum. In some places, she struck me to the depths of my soul. For example, in a showcase dedicated to the war of 1812, I found such a capsule ignition carbine with a strange design lock 
In the section of the Great Patriotic War, he drew attention to the guerrilla-made rifle grenades. The grenades themselves are not bad, but I didn't document how to throw them with a rifle. 
Homemade machine 
Not far from the museum for shopping center there is a cinema "Belarus" built around the 50s of the last century 
House of Children's Creativity and a monument to Ilyich in front of him 
Monument to those who died in Velikaya World War II and a board of honor on the way to him 
Palace of Culture on the site of an ancient settlement, an old castle and the Radziwills' palace. The construction of the palace began in 1940, and was completed after the war. 
The Bychok River, which flows into the Sluch River at the site of the city's founding 
A hideout in the castle hill in the backyard of the Palace of Culture 
Emergency exit head and overlap. Strange head and their considerable number 
View of the Castle Hill from the opposite bank of the Sluch River 
Slightly to the left 
On the opposite bank, on Komsomolskaya Street, there is the oldest school in the city, and in the Republic of Belarus, founded in 1617. 
And opposite her is such a house 
A little more and I reached a wooden house on the corner of Bogdanovich and Tolstoy streets. Outwardly, this is an unremarkable building of the Orthodox cultural center. 
True, the lions at the entrance and the angel on the roof are somehow discordant with Orthodoxy and the appearance of the house 
UPD. Photo of the quarter on March 18, 2015. Two preserved buildings built in 1943 are clearly visible here. The deputy chief of the Slutsk district was selling the white building, the second building was used as a hotel for officers.
However, this place has its own amazing story which, until recently, it was not customary to talk about. Two surviving wooden buildings and two others that have not survived were built during the occupation in 1943. ...
V post-war period in a corner building, at this place there is now a shop "8-22", there was a court. The courthouse was burned down during the riots in Slutsk in 1967. There were casualties.
Have you heard about this?
It all began on April 9, 1967, when the body of a bricklayer Alexander Nikolaevsky was found in the fountain of the city park of Slutsk. As the investigation was able to establish, Nikolayevsky, who was treating stomach ulcers in the hospital, instead of following a strict diet, drank alcohol, after which, in a state of alcoholic intoxication, he found himself on the staircase, where 28-year-old Gennady Gapanovich, the head of the culture department of the Slutsk city executive committee, lived. At this time, Gapanovich was drinking alcoholic beverages in his apartment with his relative, 25-year-old Leonid Sytko. Seeing Nikolayevsky at the entrance, Gapanovich and Sytko tried to drive him out into the street, but he resisted, and then they threw him down the stairs and beat him. During the beating, Nikolaevsky received a strong blow to the stomach, which caused the opening of an ulcer and caused death. Nikolayevsky managed to reach the park, where he lost consciousness, fell into a fountain and died soon after.
The case caused a great public outcry, which was fueled by the fact that a representative of the authorities, a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was found guilty of the crime. The case was overgrown with various rumors among the people.
Gapanovich and Sytko were charged with hooliganism, for which they faced up to 8 years in prison. Residents of Slutsk demanded to condemn the murderers to capital punishment. In the fall of 1967, the case was taken to court. The case was considered by judge Alexander Kriskevich.
When the trial began on October 10, 1967, a large crowd gathered outside the building in which the hearing was taking place, and which accommodated about 65-70 people. The first secretary of the Slutsk district committee of the CPSU Zelenkevich told the judge, who asked to postpone the meeting to a more spacious room, that there was nothing unusual in the case and that the passions would subside by themselves. The refusal was also followed by Kriskevich's request to organize the broadcast of the meetings through the speakers.
By 12 o'clock on October 11, more than one and a half thousand people gathered in the street. All information coming from the courtroom was transmitted in a distorted form from person to person. The crowd did not allow Gapanovich's wife into the courtroom, thinking that she would testify in favor of her husband. The crowd began shouting: "The communist is a murderer!" and "Give us a murderer!"
The active phase of the riots began on October 12, 1967. On that day, Gapanovich was brought to trial not in a paddy wagon (on that day one of the prisoners in the remand prison opened his veins, and the paddy wagon took him to Minsk), but in an ambulance car. Most of all, people were outraged that the criminal was brought to court in a suit, and not in a prisoner's uniform. In fact, Gapanovich was dressed in a suit only so that it would be easier to identify him to underage eyewitnesses of Nikolayevsky's beating.
By lunchtime, 3 thousand people had already gathered outside the building where the trial was held. At 15 o'clock it was decided to end the session ahead of schedule, but when the guards tried to take Gapanovich and Sytko out of the building, the crowd did not let them out, demanding the extradition of the accused for lynching. People dismantled the surrounding fences into sticks, and the cobblestone pavement into stones. Passing trucks with beets and potatoes were stopped by the crowd and thrown vegetables at the windows of the court. The situation was immediately reported to Minsk, and then along the chain to Moscow. On alarm, a detachment of the internal troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, numbering 350 people, was raised.
The crowd tried to break through the cordon in which the guards were standing. When the situation became critical, an order was given to use the Cherryomukha tear gas to disperse the crowd. Such actions were performed for the first time in post-war history Byelorussian SSR. The driver of the transported wagon Simenchenko managed to take Gapanovich and Sytko out, but during this he received several injuries from stones. Later, dozens of dents, holes were counted on the car, and headlights and glass were broken.
When it became clear to the rioters that Gapanovich and Sytko were not in the building, they did not disperse. The crowd broke through the cordon. All the soldiers in the cordon were unarmed, as a result of which seven of them were seriously injured, and another 35 were lightly. They also tried to turn over the ambulance that arrived, in which they were helping the wounded servicemen. The most active participants in the riots at that time tried to knock down the doors of the court. Previously, twice convicted worker of DSR-9 Nikolai Grinyuk poured a bottle of gasoline from a nearby car, after which he handed it to a 17-year-old riot participant, who jumped in through the window, spilled gasoline and set it on fire. Two more bottles were filled with gasoline by the father of three children, a worker of the RSU-4 Ivan Popov. After wrapping them with rags, he set them on fire and threw them on the wooden wall of the building.
Bursting into the room, the rioters threw out the second floor window of the senior police lieutenant, head of the local pre-trial detention cell, Stanislav Tatur, who soon died on the way to the hospital. The flames from the fire flared up, and those in the building jumped from the windows. Judge Galina Alekseeva, who could not jump out, died in the fire. The crowd did not allow fire engines to reach the burning building. Near the bridge over the Sluch River, Colonel Skorodumov, the head of the Slutsk garrison, was beaten, who refused to use parts of the garrison against the rioters and tried to persuade the rioters to stop their actions.
In total, about 70 people were accused in the case of the riots in Slutsk. On February 2, 1968, a trial began against 17 of the most active participants in the riots. On February 26, the court sentenced Nikolai Grinyuk and Ivan Popov, who set the courthouse on fire, to capital punishment - death penalty through execution. Two more defendants received 15 years in prison, five - 10, one - 9, three - 7. Three convicted were minors.
Gapanovich was sentenced to 8 years in prison. He served his punishment in Orsha, then in a free settlement. After his release, he lived in the city of Baranovichi. He died in 2006.
Used materials from Wikipedia
One more thing place of interest in Slutsk I tried to visit, but I could not find it after traveling half the city and spending two hours. Maybe you are more fortunate?
This is a monument to I. Stalin, erected on the territory of "SPMK-97" in 1998. No matter how hard I tried to find this enterprise, I failed. Nobody knows the address of Novyi lane or Novyi 4th lane, and all navigators on the Internet showed places in the city where there was no SPMK or a lane with that name. It is interesting that in the Internet I have not found a single photograph of this monument.
