On the site of the Konnogvardeisky Boulevard, a man-made Admiralty Canal existed since 1717. It was dug from the island of New Holland, where from the 1730s were stored construction Materials, to the Admiralty shipyard, where ships were built from these materials. Before the appearance of warehouses in New Holland, the pine forest was stored directly in the Admiralty Canal.
On the left bank of the Admiralty Canal (if you face the Admiralty), the Rope Yard was built in 1721-1723. Before its appearance, the ropes were made in Moscow, and stored in a wooden shed, erected on the glacis of the Admiralty in 1710-1711. On June 30, 1720, Peter I stated: " to make a spinning mill in one residence behind the courtyard of the Most Serene Prince and give way from that courtyard to the street"[Quoted from: 3, p. 90]. This not only determined the location of the Kanatny Dvor, but also approved the direction of Galernaya Street.
On the other side of the Admiralty Canal was a man-made island, on which it was planned to place barns for hemp, flax and coal. The storage of these flammable materials required special conditions. But, apparently, barns on the island were never built. Until the beginning of the 19th century, it remained empty.
In 1775, a project for the complete reconstruction of the Kanatny Dvor appeared. It was not implemented. But after a fire in the Admiralty in 1783, it was decided to move both the shipyard and the Rope Yard to Kronstadt. Since at the same time many officials would have to move from the capital, except for drafting projects and multi-million dollar estimates, things did not go further. The Admiralty remained in its place, but the Kanatny Dvor was abolished by a decree of October 23, 1786. It turned out to be more profitable for the shipyard to buy ropes from private producers, and not to manufacture them at the expense of the treasury.
The buildings of the Kanatny Dvor were transferred to grain warehouses. But since the reconstruction of buildings for new purposes required expensive repairs, on July 6, 1794, an announcement appeared about the sale of this territory in parts to private hands. The former Kanatny Dvor was divided into 24 plots, of which only five were sold by March 5, 1795.
After the death of Catherine II, her son, the new emperor Paul I, stopped the sale of the former Kanatny Dvor to private individuals. But since several plots, closer to Petrovskaya Square, had already been sold, they decided to extend Zamyatin Lane to the Admiralty Canal. The territory from it to Petrovskaya (Senate) Square was left for sale, and the other part of the territory was left in the treasury. On this place there were wooden two-story barracks for the lower naval ranks and firewood stores.
For new needs, the buildings of the former Kanatny Dvor in the 1790s were rebuilt by the architect F.I.Volkov, and somewhat later by A.D. Zakharov.
The beginning of the 19th century was marked by the appearance on the Admiralty Canal of the barracks and the arena of the Horse Guards Regiment, built in 1804-1807. They later gave the name to Konnogvardeisky Boulevard. The Manege (house No. 2) was designed by the famous Italian architect Giacomo Quarenghi. Its main facade hid the barracks along the canal from the side of the Senate Square. The construction of the three-storey house No. 4 was completed by November 14, 1807. It was built under the supervision of the architect Yermolaev and the stone craftsman Betmiller. Its second floor was reserved for soldiers, whose entrance stairs were arranged from the side of the canal. The upper floor was occupied by officers who had access stairs from the side of Yakubovich Street (then Novo-Isaakievskaya). There were stables on the ground floor. In those years, on the site of house No. 6, there were workshops surrounded by a fence, forges and a regimental hospital. The regimental Church of the Annunciation was located in the old barracks. Later, a separate building was built for her on Blagoveshchenskaya Square.
The banks of the Admiralty Canal were equipped with granite bollards and a metal fence, similar to the fence of the Moika River embankment. At its eastern end there was a watering hole for horses. The reservoir was also used as a gutter. Sewer waters from adjacent private estates and horse guard barracks flowed here. There was practically no current, the water stagnated. At the beginning of the 19th century, the need to wire barges with timber along the Admiralty Canal disappeared.
In the process of eliminating the canal, the new boulevard was sometimes called Admiralteisky, including it in the structure of the Admiralteisky passage that still exists. On April 12, 1845, Emperor Nicholas I ordered to name the new boulevard Konnogvardeisky. After that, the newspaper "Northern Bee" wrote:
"What happened a few years before this at Kissyev Bridge and behind the Horse Guards barracks and what now! This boulevard from Isaakievskaya Square to the turn to the permanent bridge across the Neva is a delight, but there is no doubt that the owners of houses from the Galernaya Street will take advantage of favorable circumstances and will build beautiful houses here. Last Sunday we met a lot of people walking and, to our delight, many children playing as if in a home garden. If the climate in St. Petersburg was not such a crybaby and the sky was more cheerful, it would be a miracle! " [Quoted. according to: 3, p. 159, 160]
Shortly thereafter, Nicholas I received a gift from Berlin: two bronze statues of Victory by the sculptor H. D. Rauch. The gift was made by the Prussian king Frederick William IV as a gesture in return for the transfer of the sculptural groups "Horse Tamers" to him, copies of horses on the Anichkov Bridge. Nicholas I decided to install statues on a new boulevard and ordered pedestals for the architect Rauch. At the end of 1844, the drawings were presented to the emperor. They did not satisfy him, after which Carl Rossi was entrusted with their creation.
On January 18, 1845, the architect submitted a note to the highest name "On the arrangement of two granite columns for bronze figures for the new Admiralty Boulevard." In it, Rossi proposed to install columns not only at the entrance to the boulevard, but also on both sides of the Blagoveshchensky bridge under construction. It was decided to refuse such a proposal from the architect.
The trees newly planted on Konnogvardeisky Boulevard suffered from bad weather on September 21, 1846. It snowed that day, and the leaves did not have time to fall from the trees.
In the middle of the 19th century, the even side of the boulevard was sometimes called Manezhnaya Street, and the entire boulevard was called Malaya Blagoveshchenskaya Street or Blagoveshchensky Boulevard. This was due to the location of the Annunciation Church nearby on the square of the same name (now Truda Square), where the highway rested. In 1846-1852 the spelling "Horse Guards Boulevard" was encountered. The toponym "Konnogvardeisky Boulevard" was finally established only in 1857.
Buildings on the even side of Konnogvardeisky Boulevard were finally formed in the first years of its existence. Already in the summer of 1845, the reconstruction of buildings began, on the site of which barracks soon appeared (house No. 6). At the same time, house No. 4 was rebuilt by the architect ID Chernik. Apparently, at the same time, only the facade from the side of the boulevard was changed, while the facade from the side of Yakubovich Street retained the appearance given to it in the early years of the 19th century.
The presence of the old Naval Barracks on the new Konnogvardeisky Boulevard was also considered inappropriate. On December 1, 1847, an auction was set in order to sell this area to private individuals who would build houses here in the then fashionable "revival" style. But no investors were found. The historian P. N. Stolpyansky writes that in 1864 the territory was again put up for sale, but this time the deal did not take place. This information does not agree with the fact that by this time the territory had already been built up.
On the site of the old Naval Barracks, on the new Blagoveshchenskaya Square and along the Konnogvardeisky Boulevard, in 1853-1861, the palace of the son of Nicholas I, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich (Nikolaevsky Palace) was built. The complex of the Grand Duke's residence and the buildings serving it occupied the entire area between the boulevard and Galernaya Street up to Zamyatin Lane.
In Soviet times, the council of trade unions was located in the Nikolaevsky palace. Because of this, the former grand ducal residence began to be called the Palace of Labor, and the street from October 1918, the Boulevard of the Trade Unions. By 1923 the name was shortened to "Boulevard of Trade Unions".
Konnogvardeisky Boulevard
The Bobrinsky country estate is connected with the center of aristocratic, capital Petersburg by only two not very long streets. One of them - Galernaya - leads to the Admiralty shipyards, the second - Konnogvardeisky Boulevard - connects Kolomna with one of the central squares Petersburg.
The historical fate of the Konnogvardeisky Boulevard is surprisingly similar to the fate of another St. Petersburg boulevard already known to us - Ligovsky. At the beginning of the 18th century, a canal was dug from the warehouses on the island of New Holland to the Admiralty to deliver timber to shipyards and was named the Admiralty. At the same time, the development of the banks of the canal began. Kanatny and Spinning yards were built on the right bank. On the left - in 1804-1807, the Horse Guards Manege was erected by the architect Giacomo Quarenghi.
In the 1840s, the canal was taken into an underground brick pipe, and a wide boulevard raised above the level of the bridge was built in its place. The boulevard project, according to some information belongs to the architect N.E. Efimov, according to others - engineer S.V. Kerbedzu. At the beginning of the boulevard, two granite columns were installed with bronze statues of the goddess of Victories, executed by the German sculptor H. D. Rauch. The project for the installation of the columns belongs to the architect Karl Rossi. Two other similar columns, according to his plan, were to form the entrance to the Blagoveshchensky bridge. Unfortunately, this interesting project was not implemented.
Initially, the boulevard was simultaneously called Admiralteisky, Manezhny, Malaya Blagoveshchenskaya street, along Blagoveshchenskaya square, as Labor Square was then called. Only in 1840 was the boulevard named Konnogvardeisky, after the Life Guards regiment, whose barracks and arena were located near the boulevard. After the revolution, Konnogvardeisky Boulevard was renamed into the Boulevard of Trade Unions, in honor of the trade unions that actively supported the Bolsheviks during the preparation and conduct of the October 1917 coup.
Plan of the Konnogvardeisky Boulevard. 1902 year
In 1923, the wordy name of the boulevard, according to the fashion of those years, was shortened to an abbreviation - one of the most beloved grammatical forms of the first years of Soviet power. It became known as the Boulevard of Trade Unions. In the 1920s, Profsoyuzov Boulevard acquired additional similarities with Ligovsky Boulevard. It has become one of the most criminal areas of Leningrad. Homeless alcoholics and drug addicts, homeless teenagers, petty pickpockets, cheap street prostitutes gathered here, that is, all those who in everyday speech were called the collective word "gopniks". Here you could always get a portion of cocaine, the most fashionable drug in those days. For the colloquial nickname of this street in folklore, another abbreviation was used, which was popular at that time and already known to us from the story about Ligovsky Prospekt: \u200b\u200bGOP. As we already know, it meant: "The City Dormitory of the Proletariat", where practically all the Leningrad hooligans of those times lived.
However, there is a suspicion that the abbreviation GOP in relation to the Boulevard of Trade Unions has a local origin and is somehow connected with the Trade Unions, which have left a rather noticeable mark in the history of these places. Let us remind you that in 1905, the first meeting of the Central Bureau of Trade Unions was held in house No. 15 on Konnogvardeisky Boulevard, which is reminded by a memorial plaque on the facade. And in 1917, the building of the Kseniinsky Institute, located in the Nicholas Palace on Blagoveshchenskaya Square, was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Petrograd Council of Trade Unions, and since then it is called the Palace of Labor, or in common parlance the Palace of Trade Unions. It is possible that the famous abbreviation GOP could be deciphered as "City United Trade Unions". True, this is just our guess. We have not found convincing evidence of this hypothesis, either in the literature or in oral life.
Horse Guards Manege Project. Architect J. Quarenghi
As we already know, Sadovaya Street was the central axis around which Bolshaya Kolomna was formed. Along its entire length, it was divided into three relatively equal parts by two rectangular areas - Sennaya and Pokrovskaya. Kolomna got Pokrovskaya Square, which was located at the intersection of Sadovaya Street with Angliysky Prospekt. In 1798-1812, on the square, designed by architect I.Ye. Starov, the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, glorified in Pushkin's poem "House in Kolomna", is being built. In 1822 the area receives official name - Pokrovskaya. Among the people, however, it is becoming widely known as Pokrovka. Pokrovka is also mentioned in the inscription to the popular popular picture “How mice bury a cat”: “Mice from Pokrovka carry carrot stews”.
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The history of Konnogvardeisky Boulevard begins in the time of Peter the Great. In 1717, a canal was laid here, along which the Rope Yard and spinning barns were located. Through this channel, timber from New Holland warehouses, ropes, and other materials were delivered to the Admiralty shipyard. In the 1830s, part of the canal was filled up. The ropeway was closed and the need for the canal disappeared, and in 1842 the remaining section of the canal was enclosed in a pipe and a boulevard was built in its place.
In 1845, Emperor Nicholas I ordered to name the new boulevard Konnogvardeisky. After that, the newspaper "Northern Bee" wrote:
In this photograph from 1870 you can see all the houses along the Konnogvardeisky Boulevard.
The boulevard connects the Senatskaya and Isaakievskaya squares with the Kolomna area and, conventionally, is the border between the front and outskirts of St. Petersburg.
Now we are standing at the beginning (or rather, at the end, if you look at the house numbers) of Konnogvardeisky Boulevard. Facing Labor Square, formerly Blagoveshchenskaya. There is already a tree. It is a rare day when there is little snow. And there is no sun at all.
Let's go along the boulevard towards St. Isaac's Square. In the magazine "Quarter Overseer" # 86, I read a small note:
If you asked about the character traits of the quarter in the 19th century, then the quarter overseers - the junior police officers who were responsible for order in the areas entrusted to them - would grunt and say that Konnogvardeisky Boulevard is very popular with supporters of same-sex love. It was easy to make acquaintances at the barracks, and in the neighborhood - at the corner of Moika and Fonarny Lane - there were Voroninsky Baths, where you could go with your partner. Ladies also worked as prostitutes on the boulevard. At 4 Konnogvardeisky Lane, in 1890, an Evangelical Society for the Care of Maidens was organized, which taught fallen women the basics of sewing and sewing and looked for work for them. The boulevard remained a place for walking even after the revolution. Working conditions were provided by dilapidated barracks with hay supplies. "Now let's see the buildings on the left side of the boulevard. First building - beautiful palace... On the site of the old Naval Barracks on the new Blagoveshchenskaya Square and along the Konnogvardeisky Boulevard in 1853-1861, the palace of the son of Nicholas I, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich (Nikolaevsky Palace) was built. I wrote about him and about the entire complex of the palace -
.This is how he looked in 1865. This is a watercolor by the artist V.S. Sadovnikov.
In Soviet times, the Council of Trade Unions was located in the Nikolaev Palace. Because of this, the former residence of the Grand Duke was named the Palace of Labor, and the street from October 1918 - the Boulevard of Trade Unions.
Here is what Lenin said in 1919: "I am especially gratified to see that here in St. Petersburg, where there are so many beautiful buildings, palaces that had a completely wrong purpose, the comrades did the right thing by selecting these palaces and turning them into places of meetings, congresses and conferences of precisely those classes of the population that these palaces worked and which were not allowed a mile from these palaces! "
Only in 1991, the boulevard was given its former name.
House No. 21 is one of the service buildings of the palace. It was built by the architect A.I. Stackenschneider in 1853-1861. Plot number 21 was the territory of Nikolai Nikolaevich's stable yard. Many coach sheds have survived in the courtyard and are used as garages. From about 1934 and after the war, there was a kindergarten (children's hearth, as they called it then). In Soviet times, there was a clinic in the Oktyabrsky district for some time.
The next building, also related to the palace, is the former servants' building. Now house number 19. It was built in the same way as the previous house by the architect A.I.Shtakenshneider in 1853-1861. There were apparently a lot of servants. The house is big. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a telegraph agency was located here, in 1917 - the Petrograd telegraph agency. From 1973 to 1991 - Higher Trade Union School.
In general, I want to say that the first permanent tram line, opened in 1907, had a route from Vasilievsky Island to the Admiralty and went through Konnogvardeisky Boulevard. By the way, the first trolleybus in the city, too, since 1936, went from Truda Square to Alexander Nevsky Square along Profsoyuzov Boulevard. Trolleybuses run now, and they still have a loop on Truda Square near house number 6 along the boulevard.
During the blockade, there was a fleet of idle trolleybuses on the Profsoyuzov Boulevard.
Here is a scary photograph from 1942.
Removed tram rails in 1997. Now trams do not run on the boulevard.
House number 13 in 1992.
I really like this photo. House number 11 in 1955-1958. Ladies are waiting for the opening of the atelier. Came early, as was customary. They are waiting at a closed door and discussing something. In their bags they have so-called. cuts (pieces of fabric) from which they plan to sew something fashionable for themselves. And the woman at the gate just went out for a walk, apparently she doesn't need to go to the studio.
The next house # 9 was rebuilt from the existing house by the architect P.A. Fedders in 1865. Now - a residential building.
House No. 7 is the former mansion of Prince MV Kochubey. It was bought by him in the early 1859s. The most fashionable at that time architect G.A. Bosse was invited and rebuilt the house in accordance with the taste of the new owner. The façade is adorned with an exquisite metal lattice with four busts of black-faced arap with white eyes and white turbans. This decoration was unusual and made a sensation in the metropolitan society.
Soon, already in 1868, the mansion passed to a new owner - a wealthy merchant, banker, benefactor F. Rodokonaki. For the new owner, the architect K. Müller changed the interiors of the house. This family owned the "house with the Moors" until 1918.
After nationalization up to 1990 it had various institutions. Since 1961, the first self-supporting (i.e. paid) cosmetology clinic in Leningrad has been located there. She was there for a long time, probably closer to the 1990s she moved to Gorokhovaya, where she still exists. It was then called the "beauty institute". I was there and I remember it quite well inside. The entrance was through a small door on the right. I remember a large spacious staircase, halls with high painted ceilings were divided into small offices, everything was filled with furniture. Downstairs there was some kind of cramped wardrobe consisting of many rooms. Oh, if I knew then that in many years I would like to talk about this building - I would consider everything to the smallest detail.
1993-1996 the mansion was restored. What is there now - I don't know. I read that the building was rented for 40 years by some company and there was some kind of criminal history. 
Another photo from 1997.
This photo shows a building from 1972-1973.
Old postcard from 1866-1871. The entire side of the street is clearly visible.
The next house # 5 is new. Here, on the entire territory from Konnogvardeisky to Galernaya Street, there were buildings belonging to St. Isaac's Cathedral. In particular, along Galernaya street, at No. 6, there was a three-story house of the clergyman of St. Isaac's Cathedral, built at the end of the 18th century; in the courtyard there are various outbuildings. Along Konnogvardeisky Boulevard on site No. 5 by architect MA Makarov in 1870-1872 the front house was built. And in 2008 all these buildings were demolished and the Hotel Montferrand was built on this entire vast vacated area. The decision on this was made back in 2003, I don't know all the twists and turns. But the building was demolished. The facade wall was somehow preserved along the Konnogvardeisky Boulevard.
Before the demolition, the house was like this.
I want to remind you that we are walking along the boulevard, and this is not just a street, therefore - look how it looks, it's a pity that the photo was taken in winter and there is no greenery. But he's handsome all the same.
Here is another photo from 1980-1983, which shows house # 5.
