The balloons rise up because the gas filling them is lighter than the surrounding air. Many gases, in particular hydrogen and helium, are less dense than air. This means that at a given temperature, they have a lower mass per unit volume than air.
When such light gases are pumped into the balloon, it will rise until the total weight of the gas envelope, basket, cargo and ropes is less than the weight of the air displaced by the balloon. (Since air is considered in physics like a liquid medium, the same law applies here as for bodies immersed in a liquid.) Hot air, which is less dense than cold air, also rises. While hot air is not as light as some gases, it is safer and more easily reproducible with propane burners mounted under the neck of the balloon envelope, which is usually made from a lightweight fabric such as reinforced nylon. Hot air-filled balloons usually remain in flight for several hours, but without additional heating of the air inside the envelope, they will gradually lose altitude.
Molecules at different temperatures
- When the air is cold, the molecules move slowly and close to each other.
- When the air heats up, molecules begin to move faster and diverge to the sides, filling a larger volume.
- Since the heated aircontinues to expand, it becomes less dense.
- When the air is cooled,molecules lose their speed, volume decreases and density increases.
- The balloon lies on its side. Propane burners heat the air inside the shell, which will cause it to swell and rise upward.
- Hot, light air (picture below the text) rises up inside the shell and then flows down along its walls. Cold air is squeezed out through the throat, the weight of the shell with air decreases and the balloon rises up.
- Pilots maintain or increase flight altitude by periodically turning on the burners. As long as the air inside the shell is hotter than the outside, the lifting force overcomes the force of gravity.
- The balloon shrinks as the filling air cools and contracts. Pilots can accelerate their descent by releasing hot air through an opening in the top of the balloon.
Interaction of pressure, volume and temperature
Interdependence of three parameters. Gas pressure, volume and temperature are interrelated. At room temperature (near right), the movement of gas molecules inside the vessel creates a certain pressure. If the volume is\u003e less than half (middle figure on the right), the internal pressure is doubled. As air heats up (far right), its pressure increases and volume increases in proportion to the temperature rise.
What do you associate the holiday with? Fun, delicious treats, and of course balloons! It seems that picking up the balls is quite simple, but it is not. In this article, you will find a few tips to help you make balloons one of the main highlights of the upcoming celebration.
If you want to surprise the hero of the occasion with an unusual bouquet and think that fresh flowers are too commonplace, order a bouquet made from balloons. Such a bouquet will not fade for a very long time and, of course, will certainly please the person to whom it is intended!
Balloons can be a wonderful decoration for a wedding. They will look great not only in the form of arches or wall compositions: you can make the balls one of the main "characters" of the holiday. For example, a helium balloon with confetti will be very effective, which will burst at the right moment, for example, during the first dance.
Balloons filled with helium will help you very effectively give any small and fairly light gift. For example, if you put them in a huge box tied with a bow, then as soon as the ribbon is untied, the balls will slowly pull the gift out of the box. Remember: the lifting force of one ball is approximately 1.5 grams! If the thing you want to present weighs too much, it is not necessary to tie it - such a presentation will in any case be remembered for a long time by all the participants of the holiday!
If the celebration is celebrated in the summer season, it is worth remembering that the balls should be chosen in light shades. This is due to the fact that ultraviolet light has a destructive effect on latex, which means that the surface of the balls must reflect light.
So that the balls retain their shape for as long as possible in bright sunlight, you can inflate one ball inside the second: the inner one will maintain the desired shape, and the outer one will take on the destructive effect of light rays.
You shouldn't buy balls in advance: latex deteriorates quite quickly when overheated or hypothermic, and it is not always possible to maintain the optimal temperature regime.
It is not recommended to use balls in rooms where temperature changes often occur. This is due to the fact that the air or helium with which the balls are filled, with a change in temperature, rather quickly loses its original volume. The balls will begin to deflate, and their appearance, instead of pleasing the guests, will evoke a slight melancholy.
If you need the balloon composition to retain its original appearance as long as possible, use the balloon foil service.
Of course, foil balls are more expensive than regular ones, but they do not deflate or deform within 10-14 days. These balls are perfect for children's parties: kids can take the balls home and use them as toys for a long time! You can also order balloons treated with a special polymer compound that "seals" the pores in latex, thereby extending the flight time. Processed balls will delight you up to two to three times longer than ordinary balls. 
Balls can be used as a substitute for flying lanterns which are far from safe and can cause fires. You can order special glowing balls: if you release them into the sky at the moment of the culmination of the holiday, the spectacle will be quite spectacular.
If you have planned to decorate the room with helium balloons, choose balloons made of latex or foil. Moreover, if the balls float near the ceiling, it is better to choose round balls without drawings, which no one will see anyway.
If you want the brightest balloons to decorate your holiday, opt for latex.
Want to decorate the bonnet of your wedding car with balloons? It is better to give up this idea: such a "composition" will last no more than one hour away, and if the car accelerates to 50 kilometers per hour, the balls will burst immediately.
If you are planning to give the holiday some kind of "madness", you can use helium balloons for other purposes. Helium, when inhaled, quite funny changes a person's voice, while it is completely harmless to health. Do you want your wedding video to be truly original? Let the guests say their congratulations after inhaling helium into their lungs!
If you decide that balloons will be the best decoration for the upcoming celebration, then you are not mistaken! Bright and light balls will float above the guests, like butterflies, creating a wonderful festive mood. Use the above tips and ideas - and the balloons will delight you even longer, and will make the holiday more memorable and original!
Now I am planning to promote the page on the topic of balloons to the TOP.
I decided to educate the public a little and tell the facts about balloons that may seem interesting. Let's start with them, so!
Popular balloon shapes
Probably, you shouldn't talk for a long time about the shape of balloons, everyone knows them. The most popular is the shape of an ellipsoid of revolution - a shape that occurs when an ellipse rotates along one of its axes. The classic ball shape is also popular.
For Valentine's Day, heart-shaped balloons are very popular.
Another popular form of balloons is the so-called "sausage" - a long ellipsoid. This long ellipsoid can be shaped to any shape by bending the ball where you want it. This is how the shapes of rings, knots, animals are obtained. A great opportunity to show your imagination!
And, of course, there are a huge number of balloons in the form of various animals and colors.
Types of balloons
There are a different number of types of balloons, among which the following should be noted:
- Standard balloons made of latex.
- Balloons for modeling - the very "sausages" that can be given any shape.
- Packing balloons used as storage for things. They have a wide neck and are usually transparent or translucent.
- Balls with double tails are used to create complex spatial structures.
- Self-blowing balls can inflate on their own due to a chemical reaction.
- ... Usually they are filled with helium, and inside them there is a weight, which is needed so that the figure does not fly away. As a result, such a figure sways from any breeze.
- Milar (foil) balloons.
Filling balloons
Balloons can be filled with both gas and water. Filling with water is used for various hooliganism: for example, you can throw such a ball in front of a passer-by from the balcony, which delivers a sea of \u200b\u200blaughter and positive emotions (usually the passer-by is not funny, although rare individuals come across). This kind of ball even got the name "water bomb".
The most popular gases are helium, hydrogen, methane, neon and nitrogen. These gases are lighter than oxygen, which allows balloons filled with them to fly upward. The most popular is helium or helium-air mixture, as this gas is safe and also non-toxic.
Every adult has in his heart the memory of a bright balloon bursting into the sky. This is probably why now the donated balloon gives a good mood and a smile.
The balloon is an indispensable attribute of birthdays, weddings and any other celebrations. And it's absolutely impossible to imagine a children's holiday without it. What is its magic? Perhaps in striving upward, in the ease with which he rises to the sky?
Balloon magic
Modern balls that can fly are filled with gas. Its density is significantly less than that of air, which allows it to fly higher and higher. The gas, which has a lower density, fills the inner space of the ball and the buoyancy force of the air acts on it.
The most common balloons can be inflated with your mouth. But such balloons cannot fly upward, since the density of carbon dioxide exhaled by a person is lower than the density of air. They need wind to fly. But light gas allows the ball to rush up independently.
How the ball learned to fly
The history of the appearance of balloons has more than one hundred years. There are mentions of sacks made of leather of bulls dressed by Karelian craftsmen, filled with warm gas, with the help of which they moved over short distances. These testimonies date back to the XII century, but scientists have not found precise confirmation of their truth.
And here is the documented chronicle of the birth of balloons:
- The great-grandfathers of balloons were the results of an experiment by Michael Faraday, as a result of which he created bags of rubber filled with hydrogen. They began to be used as decorations for holidays, flying in the air to the delight of people.
- A year later, do-it-yourself kits appeared on sale, which were a tube of liquid rubber and a can of gas. Children received their first inflatable toys.
- In 1922, a disaster struck, which nevertheless contributed to the development of the "ball" industry. During the city celebration, balloons filled with hydrogen exploded. Since then, the dangerous combustible gas has ceased to be used and absolutely safe helium has been connected to entertainment.
- 1931 was the year of birth of latex balloons. Now it became possible to create balls of various shapes for the delight of children.
Now balloons are produced not only from latex, but also from foil - of various shapes and sizes. For inflation, helium or a mixture of helium and air is used, which guarantees complete safety and gives the balloons the ability to fly far into the sky.
