Download:
Preview:
1 slide:
The largest of the islands of the Caribbean states, the Republic of Cuba occupies the island of the same name off the coast of the continent. Cuban poets compare their island to a green lizard lying in the blue of the ocean.
2 slide:
The Triangle Flag is a symbol of freedom, equality and brotherhood, and the three blue stripes represent the three parts into which the Spaniards divided Cuba. White symbolizes the purity of the aspirations of revolutionaries and justice, red - the blood shed in the struggle for independence.
Coat of arms - The national coat of arms represents the island. It is designed like a leather shield and is divided into three sections. In its horizontal top, there is a golden key between two mountains, the sun rising over the sea - which symbolizes Cuba's position in the Gulf - Cuba is the key to the Gulf of Mexico, between the Americas. The blue and white stripes at the bottom left represent the insular state of the state during the colonial period. The right side, the Cuban landscape, the royal palm is a symbol of the indomitable character of the Cuban people.
3 slide:
In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea. In the northeast, Cuba is bordered by the Bahamas, to the south are Haiti, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, in the west the Yucatan Strait separates it from Mexico, and the Florida Strait in the north from the United States of America. Cuba island stretches along the equator for 1200 km, its width ranges from 30 to 190 km. Coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands are an important feature of the coast. Cuban reefs are the third longest in the world.
4 slide:
Climate
The climatic conditions and resources of Cuba are determined, first of all, by the position of the territory immediately south of the tropic, among the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, as well as by the passage of warm currents near the island that form the Gulf Stream. Cuba has huge thermal resources of solar heat. Average monthly temperatures in the plains are always high: in January 22.5, in August 27.8. But fluctuations in extreme temperatures are quite significant. The average maximum temperature in the plains exceeds 30.
5 slide:
Tectonic structure and minerals
In terms of tectonic structure, Cuba is part of the Antilles-Caribbean region of the Cordillera fold belt. At the same time, it combines the folded structures of the island Antilles arcs and sub-platform areas. Especially typical for Cuba is the wide distribution of young limestones. Currently, Cuba is in a zone of high seismicity (up to 7 points). The folded structures are associated with now highly depleted copper deposits. There are also manganese ores, bauxite deposits are also possible. But the main mineral wealth of Cuba of world importance is the reserves of nickel ores in combination with cobalt. Cuba is well endowed with raw materials for the building materials industry. Some coastal areas show signs of oil bearing. The almost complete absence of fuel and energy resources creates great difficulties for economic development.
6 slide:
Animal world
The fauna of Cuba, due to its insular position, is rather poor. In addition, he suffered greatly as a result of human economic activities. In Cuba, there are no predatory animals and poisonous snakes, many bats, a very rich species composition of birds, insects and land molluscs, a diverse species composition of fish, sea turtles, many shrimps and lobsters.
7 slide: everything on the slide
8 slide: negative sides on the slide
9 slide: everything is clear too, is on the slide
10 slide:
Holidays
New Year-b most of Cuba's population is Catholic, but Catholic Christmas in December is not celebrated here as brightly as, for example, in Europe. This stems from the strict prohibitions associated with the communist past of the republic. Celebrating Christmas as a religious holiday was banned here until 1998.
But the New Year is celebrated here cheerfully - after a New Year's dinner with the family, Cubans and guests of the Island of Liberty go out to squares or beaches and have fun until the morning - fortunately, the hot climate contributes to this much more than ours. On New Year's Eve, you can go to a disco, a concert, stroll along the streets of big cities (where New Year's holidays are celebrated most vividly) or celebrate a holiday on the beach, admiring the stars.
Havana carnival - held on weekends from July 15 to August 15.
The main actions of the Havana Carnival take place on the capital's Malecon embankment. There, dressed in enchanting costumes, the participants have fun, drink and dance from morning to night. Huge platforms are moving along the main street of the city, on which different carnival teams from all over Cuba compete in brightness and rhythm. Costumes, dances and shows are prepared by the participants of the carnival almost all year to become the best at this carnival procession.
The highlight of the Havana Carnival is the procession of giant figures that depict Cuban politicians. Music sounds everywhere, fireworks and fireworks explode. So if you want to take part in this unique celebration of the soul and heart, then go to Cuba from July to August.
Carnival in Santiago de Cuba
At the end of July, another carnival takes place - not in Havana, but in Santiago de Cuba. During the days of the carnival, festive processions take place along the streets of the city, fireworks sound and music plays, and hot Cuban guys and girls dance so contagiously that all tourists are instantly drawn into this celebration of life. And intoxicating exotic cocktails give them inspiration to dance until the morning.
Preview:
To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log into it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
FLAG The triangle is a symbol of freedom, equality and brotherhood, and the three blue stripes represent the three parts into which the Spaniards divided Cuba. COAT OF ARMS The national coat of arms represents the island. It is designed like a leather shield and is divided into three sections.
CLIMATE Cuba has enormous thermal resources of solar heat. Average monthly temperatures in the plains are always high: in January 22.5, in August 27.8. But fluctuations in extreme temperatures are quite significant. The average maximum temperature in the plains exceeds 30.
In terms of tectonic structure, Cuba is part of the Antilles-Caribbean region of the Cordillera fold belt. Cuba is well endowed with raw materials for the building materials industry. But the main mineral wealth of Cuba of world importance is the reserves of nickel ores in combination with cobalt. Some coastal areas show signs of oil bearing. The almost complete absence of fuel and energy resources creates great difficulties for economic development. Tectonic structure and minerals
ANIMAL WORLD The fauna of Cuba is rather poor due to its insular position. In Cuba, there are no predatory animals and poisonous snakes, many bats, a very rich species composition of birds, insects and land molluscs, a diverse species composition of fish, sea turtles, many shrimps and lobsters.
The famous Cuban cigars are produced by 6 tobacco factories An important source of income - international tourism Cuba ranks 5th in the world in terms of reserves of nickel ore Medicine at the highest level with low cost of services Cobalt ore accounts for 26% of the world reserves The main branch of the economy is the sugar industry (approx. 170 sugar refineries) STRENGTHS
Economy of Cuba. Negative sides. Due to the US embargo, lack of access to important markets and investments. Acute currency deficit. Fluctuations in world prices for sugar and nickel. Complicated trade restrictions and lack of legal regulations discourage investment. Bad infrastructure. Lack of fuel, fertilizers and spare parts.
Main religion: Catholicism, various African religions are widespread. Most of those living in the country are Cubans. In addition to them, on the island you can easily find "neighbors" from Haiti, Chinese, Jews, Americans, Japanese and Europeans.
History First European - Columbus Guanahatabey and Arawak tribes. The Indians were engaged in hunting and farming Revolution of 1953 As a result of many incidents and the victory of the revolution, power in Cuba was given to a government of "left" orientation headed by Fidel Castro, which then inclined towards building socialism. The ruling and only authorized party in the country is the Cuban Communist Party.
Form of government Socialist republic of parliamentary type The government consists of a council of state and a council of ministers. The government is formed by the parliament of the republic, called the National Assembly of People's Power. Administratively, the republic is divided into 16 provinces, which include 169 municipalities. One of the municipalities - Juventud - is directly subordinate to the central authorities, the rest - to local administrative structures State structure
Cuba's international relations Cuba's once ambitious foreign policy was diminished by economic hardship following the collapse of the Soviet bloc. Without massive Soviet subsidies and its main trading partner, Cuba was relatively isolated in the 1990s, but has since entered into bilateral cooperation with several South American countries, most notably Venezuela and Bolivia. The US continues the embargo "as long as it continues to refuse to move towards democratization and greater respect for human rights," while the European Union accuses Cuba of "continuing violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms." Cuba has developed a growing relationship with the People's Republic of China and Russia. Overall, Cuba continues to have formal relations with 160 countries and has provided civilian workers with assistance - mostly medical - in more than 20 countries.
Geographical position and administrative divisions Cuba is separated from North America by the Florida Strait in the north and the Yucatan Strait in the west. Cuba is bordered by Haiti to the east, the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) to the west, the Florida Peninsula (USA) to the north and Jamaica to the south. 1. Pinar del Rio (Spanish Pinar del 6. Rio) 2. Artemisa (Spanish Artemisa) 7. 3. City of Havana (Spanish Ciudad de La Habana) 8. 4. Mayabeque (Spanish Mayabeque) 5. Matanzas (Spanish: Matanzas) 9. 10. Cienfuegos (Spanish: Cienfueg 11. os) 12. Villa Clara (Spanish: Villa 13. Clara) 14. Sancti. Spiritus (Spanish: Sancti Spiritus) 15. Ciego de. Avila (Spanish Ciego de Avila) 16. Camagüey (Spanish Camagüey) Las Tunas (Spanish Las Tunas) Granma (Spanish Granma) Holguin (Spanish Holguin) Santiago de. Cuba (Spanish: Santiago de Cuba) Guantanamo (Spanish: Guantan amo) Juventud Island (Spanish: Isla de la Juventud)
Location and topography Cuba is located at the junction of North, Central and South America, on the island of Cuba. The island is surrounded by reefs and other coral formations. The territory of Cuba is 110 860 km². The island stretches from west to east for 1250 km. In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea, in the northwest by the Gulf of Mexico, and in the northeast by the Atlantic Ocean. The relief of Cuba is predominantly flat. Hills and mountains occupy about a third of the territory. The three main mountain systems are the Cordillera de. Guaniguanico in the west, Escambray in the central part and Sierra Maestra in the east.
Population The main demographic indicators of Cuba in 2016: Births: 119,822 people Deaths: 87,330 people Natural population growth: 32,492 people Migration population growth: -16,075 people Men: 5,742,226 people (as of December 31, 2016) Women : 5 674 921 people (as of 31 December 2016) Population of Cuba. 11.39 million people (2015) Ethnic composition of Cuba. 65% are descendants of Europeans, 20% are mulattoes, 12% are Africans, 1% are Chinese. Population of Cuba, million people
Religion in Cuba The majority of believers are Catholics (47%), Protestants (4%) and adherents of the so-called "Santeria" - a syncretic cult based on African pagan beliefs, mixed with the cult of some Christian saints. The church is separated from the state, the freedom of religion is constitutionally ensured
Climate Cuba has a tropical climate strongly influenced by the trade winds and the warm Gulf Stream. The average temperature in January is 22.5 ° C, in August - 27.8 ° C. The average annual rainfall in the plains is 1000 - 1200 mm, and in the mountains it reaches 3800 mm. The rainy season lasts from May to October, with the heaviest rains occurring in June and October. Hurricanes are possible in autumn. The dry season lasts from November to April and is most pronounced in the lowland regions of the south of the country (for example, in the Kauto river basin).
Water resources Almendares River in the western part of Cuba, length - 47 km. It flows to the northwest, flowing into the Florida Strait near the city of Havana. On the banks of the river is the Havana City Park, or Almendares Park, as well as numerous industrial enterprises, including the food and construction industries, breweries, gas storages, and paper mills. In this regard, the leadership of Havana plans to clean up the river, including the introduction of water quality control, the closure and reorganization of enterprises, the reconstruction of the park, and the creation of an extensive green zone along the river. Cauto The river in Cuba in the provinces of Santiago de Cuba and Granma, the longest on the island. It is located in the southeastern part of the island. Originating in the Sierra Maestra, it flows west and northwest into the Gulf of Guacanayabo north of the city of Manzanillo. With a total length of 343 km, the river is navigable only along the 110 km downstream. The water is not suitable for drinking.
Economy Benefits: The tourism industry attracts foreign investors. Export of sugar and nickel. Elite cigars. The banking sector is strengthening. Oil rigs. Weaknesses: Lack of access to important markets and investments due to the US embargo. Acute currency deficit. Fluctuations in world prices for sugar and nickel. Complicated trade restrictions discourage investment. Bad infrastructure. Lack of fuel, fertilizers and spare parts.
Agriculture The largest share is occupied by cooperative forms of land use, and among them a special role is assigned to UBPS (Basic Units of Cooperative Production), which number about 2500 farms, produce 22% of vegetables, 42% of milk, 36% of citrus fruits, 16% of fruits, 38% of rice. 22% coffee, 12% root vegetables and 7% tobacco. Much attention is also paid to the actual reed crop production, the expansion of acreage on the best lands, bringing the maturity of the reed to the required limits. In order to create a reserve for future safras, the production of sugar in the season is planned to be slightly below 4.3 million tons, and at the same time, planting will be intensified in new areas in compliance with advanced agrotechnical requirements.
Industry Sugarcane produces the highest yield in Cuba and has always provided the largest export item in the country's budget. Reed is grown throughout the island, but mainly in the eastern half. The government regulates the entire sugar industry and the prices for the final product. Sugar production reached 7.6 million tonnes in 1970, 7.9 million tonnes in 1979, 6.7 million tonnes in 1980 (pests reduced yields), 8 million tonnes in 1985 and 3.5 million tonnes in 1999. Cuba has mechanical reed harvesters, and by 1998 there were 7,400 of them. Cuba and Russia signed several financial and investment agreements in 1992 and 1993 that stipulated that Russia would supply fuel, spare parts, fertilizers, and herbicides in exchange for Cuban sugar. Today, at least 2 million tons of Cuban sugar is imported to Russia annually. The sugar industry also provides the basis for other significant types of Cuban industry and exports - the production and export of molasses, ethyl alcohol, world famous Cuban rum and other spirits, chipboard production, yeast production. Tobacco, Cuba's second most important crop and export crop. The worldwide fame and glory of Cuban cigars lies primarily in the quality of Cuban tobacco, which cannot be grown of such quality and aroma without an appropriate microclimate. Tobacco is grown on small farms and requires intensive cultivation. 70% of all Cuba's tobacco is grown in the Pinar del Rio Province. In the late 1970s, the average annual production of tobacco was approximately 35,000 tons per year, but a crop disease in 1979 caused production to drop to 8,200 tons in 1980. Later, production was gradually restored to the level of 37,000 tons in 1999. Other main crops Crops are oranges (400,000 tons per year), lemon and ramp (21,000 tons per year), grapefruit (300,000 tons per year) and rice (420,000 tons per year).
Tourism in Cuba attracts over 2 million people annually and is one of the main sources of income for the island nation. Among the factors influencing the popularity of Cuba as a holiday destination is the high attractiveness of its natural, historical and cultural recreational resources. After the Cuban Revolution of 1959, interstate relations between Cuba and the United States deteriorated significantly. Since 1960, the United States has banned its citizens from visiting Liberty Island and imposed an embargo on trade with Cuba. From 1960 to 1991, the Soviet Union provided significant economic support to Cuba. Free funds and resources were directed to the development of tourism infrastructure, which helped attract the necessary investments to the island from other countries. All this has led to the fact that tourism industry revenues have exceeded the traditional export industries of Cuba - sugar, rum, cigars, fruit and fishing. Most of the tourists visiting Cuba come from Canada and Europe. The main tourist infrastructure (hotels, beaches, restaurants, etc.) is concentrated around Varadero, Cayo Coco, Holguin, as well as in the capital of the state - Havana.
Information for the presentation of Cuba
Cuba is known all over the world under another romantic name "Freedom Island", although this unofficial name has been used by this island state only since 1959, when the revolution led by Fidel Castro won on the island. Today Cuba is a developed socialist state with a population of about 12 million people.
Cuba is located on the island of the same name and many other small islands that are part of the Greater Antilles. Most of the country is the island of Cuba, with an area of \u200b\u200bapproximately 105 thousand square kilometers. The other islands of the Cuban state make up less than 5% of its territory. It should be noted that as a result of the conflict between Spain and the United States, the Americans gained the right to own a small piece of Guantanamo land, where the world famous military base is located today. Cuba is washed on all sides by the Caribbean Sea, and its beaches, located almost along the entire coast of the country, are the best in the world.
All beaches on the Cuban coast are free and owned by the local municipality. Only a few hotels have small sections of the coast assigned to them, where local residents are not allowed.
Cuba has an incredible warm and mild climate due to its geographic location. Cuba is separated from the American state of Florida only by a small Florida Strait, 153 km wide. A warm current passes on the surface of the strait, which is part of the Gulf Stream. Warm sea currents passing along the coast of the island, even in winter, provide a water temperature on Cuban beaches of at least 22 C, and in summer this figure is 27-29 C. The Cuban climate as a whole is tropical trade winds, which leads to a clear division into 2 seasons: dry and rainy. It rains in Cuba during the period from May to October, dry, sunny weather reigns here from November to April.
Weather in Cuba
Cuba is separated from the Yucatan Peninsula, which is Mexican territory, by a small distance by sea. The island of Cuba is also surrounded by paradises including Jamaica, the Bahamas and the Dominican Republic. Cuba is separated from these places by small straits with a width of 70-160 km.
In clear weather, Florida can be seen from the coast of Cuba located in the north, because the distance to it is no more than 150 km. America's closeness haunts illegal immigrants crossing the strait in their makeshift ships.
The time required for the flight to Liberty Island is approximately 12 hours. Direct flights from Russia are operated by Aeroflot and Transaero airlines, whose planes land in Havana and Varadero, the northern resort town of Cuba, whose beaches are the best in this part of the world, recognized by UNESCO. Regular flights to Cuba are made only from two Russian cities of St. Petersburg and Moscow. Many charter flights also depart from metropolitan airports, which is why travelers should take care of finding convenient connecting flights in advance.
Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 3
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
Slide 11
Slide 12
Slide 13
Slide 14
Slide 15
Slide 16
Slide 17
Slide 18
Slide 19
Slide 20
Slide 21
Slide 22
Slide 23
Slide 24
Slide 25
The presentation on the "cube" theme can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Geography. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 25 slide (s).
Presentation slides
Slide 1
Completed by: Prudanov Anton Teacher: Yakovlev M.Yu.
Slide 2
The area of \u200b\u200bthe Republic of Cuba is 111,000 sq. km., including the island of Cuba - the largest in the West Indies and which gave the name to the whole country.
In the south, Cuba is washed by the waters of the Caribbean Sea. In the northeast, Cuba is bordered by the Bahamas, to the south are Haiti, Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, in the west the Yucatan Strait separates it from Mexico, and the Florida Strait in the north from the United States of America. Cuba island stretches along the equator for 1200 km, its width ranges from 30 to 190 km. Coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands are an important feature of the coast. Cuban reefs are the third longest in the world.
Slide 3
The surface of Cuba is characterized by lowlands located on limestone deposits of the Tertiary period. In the southwestern part of Cuba, the relief is changing: along the coast stretches the Sierre Maestra mountain range, consisting of masses of volcanic origin.
There is also the highest point of the island - Turkino peak (1974 m above sea level). In the area of \u200b\u200bthe Zapata Peninsula, there are vast swampy lowlands. Coral reefs, atolls and numerous small islands are an important feature of the coast. Cuban reefs are the third longest in the world. The island of Cuba is dominated by picturesque limestone lowlands, and only small areas in the south-west, north-west and in the central part of the island are occupied by mountain ranges.
Slide 4
Political structure
The supreme organ of state power of the Republic of Cuba is the National Assembly of People's Power, elected for a term of five years, with legislative powers. The National Assembly elects the Council of State from among its members. The highest executive body is the Council of Ministers. The Chairman of the Council of State and the Council of Ministers is the head of state. Administratively, Cuba is subdivided into 14 provinces, which in turn are divided into 169 municipalities, one of which, Juventud, is centrally subordinated. The slogan is popular in Cuba: “Power of the people is really power! ”. The supreme governing force of Cuban society and state is the Communist Party of Cuba.
Slide 5
The triangle is a symbol of freedom, equality and brotherhood, and the three blue stripes represent the three parts into which the Spaniards divided Cuba. White symbolizes the purity of the aspirations of revolutionaries and justice, red - the blood shed in the struggle for independence.
Slide 6
The national coat of arms represents the island. It is designed like a leather shield and is divided into three sections. Its horizontal top has a golden key between the two mountains, the sun rising over the sea - which symbolizes Cuba's position in the Gulf - Cuba is the key to the Gulf of Mexico, between the Americas. The blue and white stripes at the bottom left represent the insular state of the state during the colonial period. The right side, the Cuban landscape, the royal palm is a symbol of the indomitable character of the Cuban people.
Slide 7
Minerals
In terms of tectonic structure, Cuba is part of the Antilles-Caribbean region of the Cordillera fold belt. At the same time, it combines the folded structures of the island Antilles arcs and sub-platform areas. Especially typical for Cuba is the wide distribution of young limestones. Currently, Cuba is in a zone of high seismicity (up to 7 points). The folded structures are associated with now highly depleted copper deposits. There are also manganese ores, bauxite deposits are also possible. But the main mineral wealth of Cuba of world importance is the reserves of nickel ores in combination with cobalt. Cuba is well endowed with raw materials for the building materials industry. Some coastal areas show signs of oil bearing. The almost complete absence of fuel and energy resources creates great difficulties for economic development.
Slide 8
Economy of Cuba. Positive sides.
The main sector of the Cuban economy is the sugar industry. There are about 170 sugar refineries in the country. There are enterprises of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, machine building, chemical industry, two oil refineries. The light and food industries are well developed. The famous Cuban cigars are produced by 6 tobacco factories. An important source of income is international tourism. The share of the extractive industry in GDP is 3%. Cuba ranks fifth in the world in terms of nickel ore reserves. Cobalt ore accounts for 26% of the world's reserves.
Slide 9
Economy of Cuba. Negative sides.
Due to the US embargo, lack of access to important markets and investments. Acute foreign exchange deficit. Fluctuations in world prices for sugar and nickel. Complicated trade restrictions and lack of legal regulations discourage investment. Bad infrastructure. Lack of fuel, fertilizers and spare parts.
Slide 10
The climatic conditions and resources of Cuba are determined, first of all, by the position of the territory immediately south of the tropic, in the midst of the Atlantic Ocean, as well as by the passage of warm currents near the island that form the Gulf Stream. Cuba has huge thermal resources of solar heat. Average monthly temperatures in the plains are always high: in January 22.5, in August 27.8. But fluctuations in extreme temperatures are quite significant. The average maximum temperature in the plains exceeds 30.
Slide 11
Humidity
Relatively high annual precipitation - 1380mm. The year is not divided into 4 seasons, but into 2 seasons - dry, rainy. The rainy season usually lasts from May to October. The dry season usually begins in November and ends in April. This is the period of the greatest economic activity, as it is the season for the felling and processing of sugar cane. High humidity is typical for climatic conditions of all regions of the country. Average relative humidity is 79%. In combination with constant high temperatures, very high air humidity has an overall adverse effect. Humidity oppresses a person. The climate of Cuba requires special processing (tropicalization) of all industrial products and structures. In general, the climatic conditions in Cuba are much more favorable than in most other, especially continental tropical countries.
Slide 12
Animal world
The fauna of Cuba, due to its insular position, is rather poor. In addition, he suffered greatly as a result of human economic activities. In Cuba, there are no predatory animals and poisonous snakes, many bats, a very rich species composition of birds, insects and land molluscs, a diverse species composition of fish, sea turtles, many shrimps and lobsters.
Slide 13
Tobacco production
Since the 17th century, the production of first-class tobacco has become an important specialization of Cuba. Cuban cigars are famous all over the world.
Slide 14
Main religion: Catholicism, various African religions are widespread. Holidays January 1-2 - Liberation Day (victory of the Cuban Revolution in 1959). May 1 - International Workers' Day, Labor Day. July 26 - National Uprising Day (attack on the Moncada barracks in Santiago de Cuba, July 25 and 27 are also days off). October 10 - Anniversary of the start of the wars of independence from Spanish rule, Cuban Culture Day. December 25 - Christmas.
Slide 15
History of Cuba
The settlement of Cuba began in the fourth millennium BC. Apparently, the first inhabitants of the island moved there from South and Central America. The Indians knew agriculture, cultivated corn and other food crops, hunted birds, rodents, and hunted turtles and fish. By the time of the Spanish conquest of Cuba at the beginning of the 16th century, the bulk of the Indians lived in conditions of the decomposition of the primitive communal system. On October 28, 1492, the first expedition of Columbus, which set off in search of rich overseas lands and marked the beginning of the era of the great geographical discoveries, reached the northeastern coast of Cuba. On the same day, he wrote in his diary that no man's eyes had ever seen more beautiful than this island. In 1510, the Spanish colonization of Cuba began. By 1514, the Spanish had founded seven cities from the first capital, Baracoa in the far east, to Havana. Later, all of them, except for Baracoa, changed their location. The colonization of the island was accompanied by the almost complete destruction of the Indians. They offered heroic resistance to the Spaniards under the leadership of their leaders - Atuey and Guama.
Slide 16
Suppressed revolution
In the life of every country there are several names and dates associated with the most glorious pages of history. One of such milestones in Cuban history is October 10, 1868, when the patriot Carlos Manuel De Cespedes roused all his compatriots to revolt against the rule of Spain. For ten years, from 1868 to 1878, the Cuban rebels fought the Spaniards under the slogan "Independence or Death!" On April 10, 1869, the first Cuban Constitution was adopted. She proclaimed the freedom of the Negro slaves. Many thousands of blacks became insurgents. But Cuba failed to win. Among the reasons for the defeat were the inconsistency of the leaders, the heterogeneity of the composition of the rebels and the disunity of various regions of the country. In addition, the Spaniards had about 20 times more troops than the rebels.
Slide 17
End of Spanish rule
Cuban patriots did not stop fighting for independence. Jose Marti became the ideologists, organizers and inspirers of this struggle. In 1892, he created the first revolutionary party. In April 1895, José Martí's troops landed in Cuba and deployed active military operations. On May 19, in a battle with the Spaniards, Jose died. But the struggle continued, covering more and more areas of the country. On September 16, 1895, the rebels proclaimed the creation of the Cuban Republic and its separation from Spain. The war of 1895-1898 was an ordeal for the Cuban people.
Slide 18
As a result of the coup d'état on March 10, 1952, Fulgencio Batista came to power in Cuba, who established a military-police dictatorship in the country. The coup caused discontent among progressive-minded youth, the most radical group of which was led by a young lawyer and aspiring politician Fidel Castro Ruz. On July 26, 1953, a group of rebels, counting on the support of the broad masses, led by Fidel Castro, attacked the fortified Moncada barracks in Santiago de Cuba. After a two-hour battle, the rebel detachment was defeated, many revolutionaries were killed, the rest were put on trial. Although all the defendants received lengthy prison terms (Fidel Castro was sentenced to 15 years), under pressure from the public, Batista soon had to amnesty the rebels.
Slide 19
The Castro brothers emigrated to Mexico, where they did not abandon plans to overthrow the Batista dictatorship and began to create an organization for a future revolutionary action known as the M-26. In Mexico, by that time there was a meeting between Castro and Ernesto Guevara, who joined the ranks of the M-26. July 26 Movement flag
Slide 20
The first steps of the revolution
During the first three months, the position of the revolutionaries remained critical, but they managed to win the trust of the inhabitants of the region and organize significant military pressure on the local military garrisons. In addition to fighting in rural areas, M-26, with the help of sympathetic elements in the student environment and the armed forces, organized several performances in cities, which, however, did not have much significance. The rebels were greatly helped by the fact that the Batista government during this period of time was in strained relations with the main economic partner and military supplier of Cuba at that time, the United States.
Slide 21
In the summer of 1958, the strategic initiative went over to the side of the revolutionaries. By the fall, the provinces of Oriente and Las Villas were almost entirely under the control of the rebels. On January 1, 1959, the rebel troops entered Santiago, while in the west, the rebels led by Che Guevara captured the city of Santa Clara. Although the situation did not yet appear to be catastrophic for the regime, Batista left the island on the same day, after which the administration that he had left virtually ceased to exist. On January 2, rebel troops entered Havana, on January 6, Fidel Castro solemnly arrived in the capital.
Slide 22
The Cuban revolution, at its initial stage, completely restored national sovereignty, destroyed the bourgeois state apparatus, and eliminated the omnipotence of the US monopolies and the regime of exploitation of the working people in town and country. In 1959 - 1960 in Cuba, nationalization of industry, transport, banks, trade was carried out, as well as measures were taken to eliminate unemployment, transfer housing to workers and improve their working and living conditions.
Slide 23
Cuba has made tremendous and recognized social successes. In December 1875, the first congress of the Cuban Communist Party took place in Havana. On February 24, 1976, the constitution of socialist Cuba came into force. In 1978, Cuba hosted the 11th World Festival of Youth and Students in 1980, the first Cuban astronaut flew into space. The US plans to isolate Cuba have failed. Cuba maintains diplomatic relations with more than 100 states.
Tips on how to make a good presentation or project presentation
- Try to involve the audience in the story, set up interaction with the audience with the help of leading questions, playful part, do not be afraid to joke and sincerely smile (where appropriate).
- Try to explain the slide in your own words, add additional interesting facts, you don't just need to read the information from the slides, the audience can read it themselves.
- No need to overload your project slides with text blocks, more illustrations and a minimum of text will allow you to better convey information and attract attention. The slide should contain only key information, the rest is better to tell the audience orally.
- The text must be well readable, otherwise the audience will not be able to see the information provided, will be greatly distracted from the story, trying to make out at least something, or will completely lose all interest. To do this, you need to choose the right font, taking into account where and how the presentation will be broadcast, and also choose the right combination of background and text.
- It is important to rehearse your presentation, think about how you greet the audience, what you say first, how you end the presentation. All comes with experience.
- Choose the right outfit, because The speaker's clothing also plays a big role in the perception of his speech.
- Try to speak confidently, fluently, and coherently.
- Try to enjoy the performance so you can be more relaxed and less anxious.
History of Cuba. The settlement of Cuba began in the fourth millennium BC. Apparently, the first inhabitants of the island moved there from South and Central America. The Indians knew agriculture, cultivated corn and other food crops, hunted birds, rodents, and hunted turtles and fish. By the time of the Spanish conquest of Cuba at the beginning of the 16th century, the bulk of the Indians lived in conditions of the decay of the primitive communal system. On October 28, 1492, the first expedition of Columbus, which set off in search of rich overseas lands and marked the beginning of the era of the great geographical discoveries, reached the northeastern coast of Cuba. On the same day, he wrote in his diary that human eyes had never seen more beautiful than this island. In 1510, the Spanish colonization of Cuba began. By 1514, the Spanish had founded seven cities from the first capital, Baracoa in the far east, to Havana. Later, all of them, except for Baracoa, changed their location. The colonization of the island was accompanied by the almost complete destruction of the Indians. They offered heroic resistance to the Spaniards under the leadership of their leaders - Atuey and Guama.
