Gorky highway serves the average Volga region and the Pre-Ural. Ties the central and northwestern regions of Russia with the Urals, opening out access to Siberia and the Far East. The Volga Federal District is mainly served, but several hundred kilometers of its lines pass through the neighboring central and Ural district, one station is in northwestern.
In total, the service area of \u200b\u200bthe Gorky railway falls 15 regions of Russia,among which 6 republic:
- The Republic of Mordovia;
- Chuvash Republic;
- Udmurtia;
- Republic of Tatarstan;
- Mari El Republic;
- Republic of Bashkortostan.
AND 8 regions:
- Moscow;
- Vlad-Dimir;
- Nizhny Novgorod;
- Kirov-Skye;
- Sverdlovsk;
- Vologda;
- Ryazan;
- Ulyanovskaya;
- Perms-cue edge.
Nizhny Novgorod Region- 77 thousand sq.km. territories and 3.5 million inhabitants.
IN Nizhny Novgorodlocated the biggestat the Gorky Railway Railway Station.
Next to the center of the region is the leader of the road on loading (Zeletsino Station).
Importantshipperregion - OJSC "Vykshanie Metallurgical Plant"- The world's largest manufacturer of rail vehicles.
At the station Nizhny Novgorod - Sorting Formed up to 70 trains.
Mari El Republic -23 thousand sq.km. and 750 thousand inhabitants. Building materials, forest, glass, petroleum products are sent from the republic.
Chuvash Republic - 18 thousand sq. Km. and 1.35 million inhabitants. Chemical, foundry, engineering production, car buildings and car-repair produces products, raw materials by rail.
Kirov region- 120 thousand sq.km. and 1.5 million inhabitants. The railway station, which is located in the center of Kirov, enters the road to the first three in the number of passengers sent. Major Station - Lyangasovo.
Udmurtia- 42 thousand sq.km. and 1.6 million inhabitants. Many enterprises located in Izhevsk, the eye, Sarapula send daily and receive dozens of cars with cargo.
Vladimir region- Road lines pass through the center, southern and eastern parts of the region. Stations are located in the largest cities: Vladimir, Carpets, Murom, Gus-Crystal. Enterprises of the construction industry, glass industry and machine-building produce products by rail.
Republic of Tatarstan- 67.8 thousand sq.m. and 1.1 million inhabitants. Two large sorting stations - Agryz and Yudino. GZD works with enterprises of the city of Zelenodolsk, with producers of agricultural products.
Currently, the highway includes 5 regional centers:
- Muromsky;
- Gorkovsky;
- Kirovsky;
- Kazan;
- Izhevsky.
Main road road- These are two parallel latitudinal directions related to each other:
Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod - Kirov;
Moscow - Kazan - Ekaterinburg.
The main roads of the road are equipped mainly by R-65 heavy-type rails.
A neutral section of the Trans-Siberian Highway passes through GZD, from here it is a large transit value. Nevertheless, the RF response zone is also a terrification of a significant initial shipment of goods, among which oil and products of its processing, products of chemical enterprises and an enterprise producing agricultural products, enterprises of the metallurgical complex and mechanical engineering, enterprises on the preparation and processing of forest products , Building loads.
Services are used 205 administrative and territorial areaswhere living more than 14 million people. Passing through the territories where the highest number of Russian cities is concentrated, GZD is one of the roads with the largest passenger traffic.
In the Gorky railway operates 373 Stations. Above 250 Stations are cargo operations. Large sorting stations of the network of OJSC "Russian Railways" - Nizhny Novgorod-Sorting, Lyangasovo, Agryz, Yudino.
Gdzh. - One of the most technically equipped roads of the Russian Federation. The proportion of electric trafficking is about 90 percent.
Operating road length - 5,331.4 km.
Total detachable path length - 11,873.2 km.
The detailed length of the driveway is 677.84 km.
Deployed station tract length - 3,129.98 km.
The total length of electrified tract is 7,138.1 km.
74 citiesstand on GZD lines, in close proximity to them or on access roads leading to its stations.
Total length of the main railway tracks - 7,959.4 km(This is comparable with the total rail length of railways in Hungary).
The area of \u200b\u200bthe territory serving the Gorky Railway - 390,000 m2(This is more in size than, for example, Japan, Germany or Finland).
Gdzh.- This is a visual example of how the unique experience of the oldest representatives of the industry skillfully complemented by new technologies and modern approaches to business processes.
Gorkovskaya - The world's only railway, which carries the name of the writer. But also a fairly approval that it is named after the Railwayman. After all, Maksim Gorky wrote its first published story "Maka Musara", working in the workshops of the Transcaucasian Railways in Tiflis. By the way, one of the most favorite passenger company trains is "Burevestnik" - also received his name in memory of the writer.
The new page in the history of magicians opened the high-speed project on the line Nizhny Novgorod- Moscow, St. Petersburg.Before launching a high-speed traffic project, trains route time ranged from 5 hours 20 minutes to 8 hours. Today it is 3 hours. 35 min.
April 28, 2013at the Gorky highway, the high-speed electric train "Swallow" was launched, overcoming the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod in 4 hours.
June 1, 2015at the Kursk Station of Moscow, a solemn event was held on the first flight with passengers of the new high-speed electric train TALGO 250 under the branded title "Streng"on the route Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod. Train "Strezhe" Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod is able to transport for flight over 400 passengers. The train includes cars with seats for seating of the 1st and 2nd classes, CV (VIP) wagons, a buffet car and a car-restaurant. All wagons are equipped with air conditioning systems and environmentally friendly toilet complexes. Travel time is 3 hours 35 minutes.
August 3, 2014,on the first Sunday of August - the day, when the employees of the Russian railways traditionally celebrate their professional holiday, "the Museum of History and Development of the Gorky Railway has opened.
Main goalsGorky railway is timely and high-quality support in cooperation with other organizations of the needs of the state, legal entities and individuals in rail transport related work and services, providing services to users of railway transport infrastructure.
Gorky road borderedwith railways:
- Moscow (st. Pent and Cherusti);
- Sverdlovsk (Art. Chepts, Druzhinino);
- North (Art. Novki, Susolovka, Candle);
- Kuibyshevskaya (Art. Red Knot, Tsile, Alnasi).
History of the Gorky Railway
Gorky railway line is one of the oldest roads, which leads its origin from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway, held in Moscow, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod provinces. In the Russian Empire, she became the seventh in the account.
The construction of the railway in this region was necessary. Since 1817, when the famous Makarev Fair was transferred to Nizhny Novgorod, the city became one of the important and main shopping centers of Russia. The railway line opened the opportunity to more conveniently and quickly deliver the goods to the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, as well as the center of Russia with the Volga region and the eastern regions of the country, supplied Moscow with products.
The first statement about the construction of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was enrolled in the main department of communications and public buildings from Stat adviser Vonwordarovsky in 1847. The final construction project was approved in 1857. In the same year, the Main Society of Russian Railways is being created in Russia, which entrusts the construction of 4 roads, including Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod. The railway line passed through Moscow, Pokrov, Vladimir, Carpets, Visniki, Gorokhovets, Nizhny Novgorod. Construction was divided into two sections: Moscow - Vladimir and Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod. The construction of the first began in the spring of 1858, and the second spring of 1859. The general management of construction was transferred to French engineers, and Russian specialists carried out the practical part. For construction was attracted by the fortress peasants and waged workers. Labor was exhausting, the norms are unbearable, and besides, they often cheated and cheated by illiterate peasants. They lived in dugouts, food and clothing provided themselves. From the workers of the labor were Kirk, shovel, yes car.
The end-to-end movement of trains between Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod was open 2 (15) August 1862.
The first station of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod Railway was located on the left, low flooded spring flood of the Oki River, in Kunavinskaya Sloboda. Moskovskaya highway took place near the line of this railway, and the Nizhny Novgorod Fair near the station complex was located. Special connecting branches were arranged to ensure the suspicion of goods from river marins from the station.
The first steam locomotives and cars were purchased abroad, however, the locomotives were built there on Russian drawings. The first domestic railway workshops for re-equipment of foreign cars were built in Kovrov in 1861.
In January 1894, the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod Railway was redeemed in the treasury and together with Murom became part of the Moscow-Kursk Railway, where he was in 1936.
In the early 90s of the XIX century, the project of the Moscow-Kazan railway line is being developed. In 1891, a society of the Moscow-Kazan Railway is being created, headed by the son of the famous railway magnate Nikolai Karlovich von Mecca. The Company receives a concession from the state for the construction of lines: Ryazan - Ruzaevka - Alatyr - Kazan; Green Dol - Kazan; Timiryazevo - Nizhny Novgorod (through Lukoyanov and Arzamas); Moscow - Murom - Arzamas - Shihran (Kanash) - Kazan - Ekaterinburg (latitudinal line). The final stroke site of the Moscow-Kursk Railway Society sent from the station Red Gorka (Yudino) through Sarapul and Krasnoufimsk to Yekaterinburg. N.Novgorod - Kotelnich should be closer to the center of the distant outskirts of the Kostroma and Nizhny Novgorod provinces, which had huge stocks of the forest. To do this, it was necessary to build a bridge over the Volga, but its construction was postponed due to the fact that the First World War began.
Thus, in 1890 - 1917, 1877 km of lines are built in the regions of the future Gorky railway, which are later included in the highway. Although these lines have not yet been inserted into a single, convenient system, oriented to Moscow and large cities of Russia, trains have already come to Kazan and Vyatka. The Volga region received a serious impetus to economic development. The large-scale construction of railway lines was interrupted by the turbulent historical events of the beginning of the XX C.: Revolution, civil war. Decree of June 28, 1918 issued the nationalization of private railways, and the management of them was transferred to the People's Commissariat of the Communications.
Line Kotelnich - Nizhny Novgorod was commissioned in 1927. In summer, the connection of N. Novgorod with this line was ferry, and the railway track was laid in the ice in the ice. In 1935, a railway bridge was built through the Volga, the movement on which was opened in May.
In May 1936, Gorky and Kazan, Gorky and Kazan are highlighted from the composition of the old railways. In 1941-1945 Railway worked in military time: evacuation of the population and enterprises in the rear areas, delivery to the line of the troops, ammunition and food, special-forming NKPS, VEO.
After the war, the railway gradually returned to a peaceful life. In 1946, the construction of semi-automatic blocking with the replacement of semaphores on traffic lights resumed.
In 1954, the movement of the "heavyweights" began among the locomotive brigades, which contributed to a decrease in the cost of goods and an increase in the capacity of railways. The movement of passenger and freight trails on steam rod was carried out until 1962.
Since 1959, the electrification of the portions of the Gorky Railway path, which ended in the Northern direction by 1964, and in South - by 1987. In May 1961, the Kazan Railway Highway entered the Gorky Railway. In 1968, the road information and computing center began to operate, and since 1997, the construction of a digital system of informatization and communication with the use of fiber-optic technologies began.
In 2003, the Open Joint-Stock Company Russian Railways was formed, the branch of which was the Gorky railway.
On December 27, 2002, the movement of the Sprior Train "Burevestnik" N. Novgorod - Moscow opened. On July 30, 2010, the opening of the speed movement N. Novgorod was held - Moscow: He began the movement of a high-speed train "Sapsan". Since 2013, the project of intermodal passenger traffic from the Kazan railway station to the international airport is being implemented. Analyznaya event 2013-2014. Preparations for the 20th World Summer Student Universiade in Kazan and the XXII Olympic Games were prepared for the XXVII World Summer Student Universiade.
Road management is located in Nizhny Novgorod. The road was awarded the Order of the Labor Red Banner ().
| Gorky railway | |
|---|---|
| A type | branch |
| Base | |
| Location | Russia Russia: Nizhny Novgorod, Oktyabrskaya Revolution Street, 78 |
| Key figures | Anatoly Lesun (Head of Road) |
| Products | Services of railway infrastructure |
| Parent company | OJSC "Russian Railways" |
| Website | gzd.rzd.ru. |
| Media Files on Wikisklad | |
| Gorky Order of Labor Red Banner Railway | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Full title | Branch of Russian Railways Gorky railway |
| Years of work | from May 9. |
| Country |
the USSR the USSR (until 1991), Russia Russia |
| City of Office | Nizhny Novgorod |
| condition | acting |
| Subordination | OJSC "Russian Railways" |
| Telegraph code | Mountains (also used "GRK") |
| Numeric code | 24 |
| Awards | |
| Extension | 5296 km (operational) |
| Website | gzd.rzd.ru. |
| Media Files on Wikisklad | |
The road was formed in accordance with the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 406 of May 6, 1961. The roads included sites of the Gorky and Kazan Railways, which in turn were formed from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow-Kazan, Vyatko-Dvinsk Railways.
The total length of the main railway tracks is 7987 km. Total detailed path length - &&&&&&&&& 012066.400000 12 066.4 km.
History
Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road
The first construction projects of the Nizhny Novgorod Railway belong to the 30s of the XIX century. To the construction of the railway network, among which the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod was one of the first, Russia was able to begin only in the late 1850s.
The construction was carried out on two sites. At the Moscow site, Vladimir began in the first half of May 1858. In the site, Vladimir - Nizhny Novgorod construction has developed only since the spring of 1859. The official opening of the movement of trains for 177 Worst from Moscow to Vladimir took place in the summer of 1861. A significantly slower pace was a construction work on the Vladimir area - Nizhny Novgorod. The construction of this part of the road was more than more than a year. Fully, the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was opened for movement on August 1, 1862. After 30 years, the Moscow line - Nizhny Novgorod became two-way.
Modern condition
In 2009, two suburban companies were created: OJSC Volgo-Vyatka Passenger Company (together with the Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov region) and OJSC Commonwealth (jointly with the republics of Tatarstan and Udmurtia).
In the contest "Innovation of the Region 2009", held by the Government of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in the nomination "Transport and Logistics" the winner was the winner, performing a project to organize the high-speed movement in the direction of Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow. In 2009, the number of tickets sold over the Internet reached 405 thousand.
The most popular trains are Vyatka (Kirov - Moscow), "Volga" (Nizhny Novgorod - St. Petersburg), "Nizhny Novgorod - Adler", "Chuvashia" (Cheboksary - Moscow) and "Burevestnik" (Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow, Since June 2014, "Swallow" trains from June 2014).
Speed \u200b\u200btraffic
The Gorky Railway plans to compete with air transport carrying passengers on the route Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow.
On April 28, 2013, the high-speed electric train "Swallow" was launched at the Gorky highway, overcoming the distance from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod in 4 hours. From June 1, 2015, on this route, instead of Sapsanov began to run the Talgo 250 electric trades under the brand name "Streach", their time on the way is 3 hours and 35 minutes.
Perspectives
To increase throughput, the possibility of organizing heavy traffic is considered. In the summer of 2012, a train weighing 16 thousand tons was sent from Langasovo on Sharyoi (SZh). Such super heavyweight was already held in December 2011. Two Lokomotiv VL80 conducted a train to Cherepovets, where it was divided into two compositions.
Activity
In 2007, the railway plunged the 112441 container (of which 30980 large-tonnant). Loading into containers was 907.6 thousand tons of cargo (of which 621.3 thousand tons in large-capacity).
In 2009, the volume of loading was 36 million 936.7 thousand tons, 59 million 734.0 thousand passengers were sent (in the suburban report of 52 million 735.5 thousand), passenger traffic amounted to 12 billion 433.7 million pass · km . During the year, 2951 train was held weighing more than 6,500 tons.
Listing to regional, local budgets and extrabudgetary funds in 2009 amounted to 7.645 billion rubles. In 2008-2009, GZD donated funds for the restoration of the Church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in the village of Gorzheno Nizhny Novgorod Region.
Road structure
Infrastructure
Guide
In 1863-1868, the head of the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road was Ivan König, from 1868 to 1893 - Ivan Rerberg. In 1936, the first head of the Gorky Railway in 1936 became Arseny Fedotovich Badashev, who was repressed later. In just the first five years in the Gorky Road, six chiefs changed.
Chiefs of expensive Main engineers
- - Loginov Mikhail Vasilyevich
- - Ryabkov Alexander Nikolaevich
- - Ishchenko Andrei Yuryevich
Notes
- History of the road Archival copy of January 11, 2012 on Wayback Machine, GZD.RZD.RU
- Gorky railway // Great Transport Encyclopedia: 8 tons / ch. ed. N. S. Konarev .. - 2nd ed. - M.: Large Russian Encyclopedia, 2003. - T. 4 (railway transport). - P. 95-97. - 15,000 copies. -
Gorky railway He originates from the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod road, the first projects for the construction of which refer to the 30s of the 19th century. Fully, the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod railway was opened for movement in August 1862. In this boundaries, the Gorky Railway was formed in 1961 as a result of the merger of the Gorky and Kazan Railways.
Gorky railway runs mainly by territory Nizhny Novgorod, Vladimir, Kirov regions, partly republics of Mordovia, Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkiria, Chuvashia, Udmurtia, as well as Ryazan, Perm, Sverdlovsk regions. Dear management is carried out from Nizhny Novgorod. The Gorky Road connects the central, northwest and northern regions of Russia with the Volga, the Urals and Siberia. The road serves by transport transportation of the 6 republics as part of the Russian Federation (Mordovia, Chuvashia, Udmurty, Tatarstan, Mari El, Bashkortostan) and 8 regions (Moscow, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Perm, Ekatirenburg, Vologda, Ryazan). The services of the road are 205 administrative and territorial areas where more than 14 million people live.
IN structure Gorky railway includes 6 branches: Muromskoye, Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod), Kirovskoye, Kazan, Izhevsk, Vladimir.
The highway has 432 stations, including 7 major sorting.
Maintenance nodal stations Railway: Vladimir, Novki, Carpets, Gorky-Sorting, Kotelnich, Kirov, Lyangasovo, Murom, Arzamas, Red Knot, Canash, Sviyazh, Green Dol, Yudino, Agryz.
General length Roads - 5589.1 km - accounts for two parallel latitudinal directions: Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod-Kirov and Moscow-Kazan-Yekaterinburg, related to rockadas. Both directions are electrified. The share of electric shocks in transportation is 88%. The remaining transportation is carried out locomotive.
Volume of freight traffic The Gorky railway exceeded the cargo turnover together of the railways of England, France, Italy, Holland, Belgium. Gorky railway ranks third in the Russian Federation on the volume of cargo turnover. Most mass cargo Are: oil and chemical, mineral fertilizers, cars, construction and forest materials. The road serves large industrial enterprises, such as Gorky, Izhevsky and Pavlovsky automotive plants, large machine-building factories in Nizhny Novgorod, Kirov, Kazan, Izhevsk, Vladimir, chemical enterprises producing agricultural fertilizers in the cities of Dzerzhinsk and Kirov-Chepetsk, KSTA oil refining factory, enterprises Metallurgical complex and on the preparation and processing of forest products, deposits of building materials, peat, as well as agricultural areas for the production of grain, flax and districted livestock areas. In the total volume of cargo turnover, transit is 35%, the import is 25%, export of 21% and local post 18%. Among the transit cargo, the largest share has stone coal, timber, ferrous metals, ore, oil engineers, engineering products and bread cargoes. Importation: coal, metals, building materials, separate types of petroleum products, and food industries. Export: timber, cars, oil engineers, engineering products. Local post is transported mainly to building goods, peat, timber, cargo of agriculture. Through the Gorky Railway, trains are followed from Moscow and St. Petersburg to the Urals, to Siberia and the Far East. Now the Gorky Highway is experiencing a period if not lifting, then financial recovery. Up to 80% of revenue is gathering alive money.
Development prospects . Gorky highway is one of the most technically equipped roads of the Russian Federation. Developed "The program for the development of telecommunications and informatization of the Gorky Railway for the period 2000-2005", in which the following priority areas of development of telecommunications are identified:
- construction and operation of a single main digital communication network of the MPS based on fiber optic communication lines (Vols);
- modernization of operational-technological cable and radio communication based on the VOLS and digital communication systems; the introduction of digital PBXs;
- creating infrastructure of infrastructure;
- the introduction of modern control information technologies.
All measures held within the framework of the program are aimed at improving the quality and reliability of communication in order to improve the safety of the movement and the efficiency of the railway work as a whole.
Program execution will allow you to connect all branches, railway units and main road station digital network of operational technological connection (466 UTS stations), organized by fiber optic lines with a length of 4934 km.
Large capital investments were carried out, aimed at improving the quality of repair and the current path content. As a result, the speed of trains in the Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod is currently 140 km per hour, and by 2004. It will increase to 200 km / h. Investments should be aimed at providing railways with powerful equipment. Today it employs 12 licensed paths machines, the machine complexes and resource-saving technologies are effectively used. The main task is to optimize costs without damage to traffic safety.
At the meeting dedicated to the second international transport corridor (MTK-2), held on the route "Berlin-Warsaw - Minsk - Moscow" with a total length of 1830 km, it was approved to extend to Nizhny Novgorod. Meeting recognized that the Nizhny Novgorod region is ready to become the center of the state's transport policy and unite two great transport routes
continent: from west to east and from the south to the north. Western investors are ready to invest about 800 million dollars in the project.
GZD has the necessary technologies, technology and infrastructure for joint international transport, and is ready to lead all the work on the preparation and subsequent operation of the transport corridor in the framework of the Volga Federal District.
Over the past two years, the GUj leadership has implemented a number of large-scale projects related to the repair, reconstruction and modernization of railway infrastructure. In Nizhny Novgorod, the Regional Dispatching Center for Transportation Management Center was created, where all the processes of dispatching and control are automated. Modern information and telecommunication technologies are introduced into operation.
Bibliography
1) Big Soviet Encyclopedia
2) Internet site of the Gorky Railway http://www.unn.runnet.ru/rus/volgovyt/nizhobl/treening/
3) RIA-News
4) Nizhny Novgorod Telegraph Agency
5) Information and Publishing Center "Connect!"
6) Internet Agency of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
