THE HISTORY OF THE VILLAGE INOZEMTSEVO STAVROPOL'SKY KRAI. The village of Inozemtsevo is a unique place of the KMV. It was here in 1801-1835 that the first and oldest settlement of immigrants from Western Europe - Scottish missionaries of the Edinburgh Bible Society was located. Missionaries were sent to the Caucasian line at the behest of Emperor Alexander I "with the aim of spreading industriousness, crafts and Christianity among the mountain peoples of the Mohammedan and pagan confession." In the fall of 1801, a site was chosen for the mission on the eastern slope of Mount Beshtau, in the ancient Tatar settlement of Karras, which belonged to the descendants of the Crimean sultan Girey. In 1805, the missionaries received 7 thousand dessiatines of state land. Members of the mission actively spread Christianity, published religious literature, ransomed slaves with the money of the biblical society, converted them to the Christian faith and returned their freedom. In addition, the missionaries were engaged in carpentry, joinery, blacksmithing, pottery, printing, bakery, tailoring and weaving, as well as traded agricultural products in the KMW markets. In the summer of 1809, the first German families from the Saratov province moved to Karras to help the Scots to cultivate the land. Among them are artisans: locksmith Johann Martin, tanner Christian Konradi, shoemaker Johann Liebig, paper manufacturer Ludwig Liebig, blacksmith Johann Georg Engelgart. In 1819, near Karras, the German Nikolaev colony was established, which was separated from the old allotment 4.5 thousand dessiatines (in 1831 - Konstantinovskaya, between which vast vineyards grew). The new colonists, abandoning unprofitable arable farming, took up gardening, horticulture, viticulture, meat and milk production. They became regular suppliers of flowers, fruits, vegetables, meat, milk, kefir and excellent German cheeses to the KMV markets. The Germans brought the culture of tobacco cultivation to the KMV and successfully traded it in the markets. From the first years of their settlement, they were the only ones who baked bread for sale, delivering it to the canteens and restaurants of the resort. In the middle of the 19th century, both colonies worked: an oil mill, a tannery, a brick factory, and a lime factory. The names of furniture makers and coachmen were widely known (Andrei Konradi). Cleanliness, livability, abundance of greenery, flowers and fruits, tasty and inexpensive food attracted the resort public here. Until August 1941, the population of the colonies Karras and Nikolaevskaya up to 90% were Germans. However, by order of I. V. Stalin, who feared the complicity of the fascist army in the event of occupation, almost the entire German population within a month was taken to Northern Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, the Urals and Siberia. In September 1941, the former colonies Karras and Nikolaevskaya received the status of settlements. In 1959, the villages of Karras and Nikolaevskoye were united into the resort village of Inozemtsevo. This name was derived from the railway station of the same name. And the station Inozemtsevo, in turn, was named in honor of the manager of the Vladikavkaz railway, Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev, whose mansion is located next to the station. In January 1983, Inozemtsevo received the status of an urban-type settlement within the city of Zheleznovodsk.
Satellite map of Inozemtsevo. Explore the satellite map of Inozemtsevo online in real time. A detailed map of Inozemtsevo was created on the basis of high-resolution satellite images. As close as possible, the satellite map of Inozemtsevo allows you to study in detail the streets, individual houses and sights of Inozemtsevo. The map of Inozemtsevo from the satellite can be easily switched to the regular map mode (diagram)
The village of Inozemtsevo is located on the slope of Mount Beshtau. It is considered a unique place in the region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Since 1983, Inozemtsevo has become an urban-type settlement, administratively part of the city of Zheleznovodsk. The population of the urban-type settlement Inozemtsevo is more than 28 thousand people. Here at the beginning of the 19th century, by decree of Alexander I, 7 thousand acres of state land were allocated for the first settlement of missionaries of the Edinburgh society. With the aim of spreading Christianity and crafts among the peoples of the mountains.
The place was chosen in the village of Karras, where the descendants of the Crimean sultan Girey lived. In 1809, families of German settlers arrived from the Saratov province to help the Scots. These were artisans: a tanner, a locksmith, a blacksmith. A German colony was formed near Karras. In the colonies, by the middle of the 19th century, a tannery, brick and lime factories gave their products.
In 1959, both colonies were united and assigned the status of the resort village of Inozemtsevo. The name of the village was given by the name of the railway station, which was named after I.D. Inozemtsev, who built the railway in the Caucasus and Ukraine. The Roske House is considered a historical monument of these places. In 1824, a road was built through Karras to connect the hot waters with the Railways. In the estate of G. Roschke (a German colonist), travelers rested in a famous coffee house and a small hotel. In this hotel, poet M, Yu. Lermontov spent the last day before the duel. It was also visited by Pushkin, Glinka, Tolstoy.
Caucasian Mineral Waters, then simply KMV, is certainly one of the most interesting places that I have seen. Not even by the number of attractions (although everything is fine with this), but by its structure: a scattering of lonely mountains (more precisely, 17) with a height of 700 to 1400 meters, oozing mineral water, and on the plain between them there are 6 cities (resort Pyatigorsk , Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk, industrial Lermontov and transport Mineralnye Vody), several urban settlements (the most important - Inozemtsevo and Goryachevodsk), dozens of villages and farms, including Greek and Karachai ones. The cities here have a common symbol - the Eagle tormenting the snake, that is, the victory of health over ailments. An agglomeration with a population of millions, while inextricably linked with nature, is the real center of the North Caucasus, it is no coincidence that the administration of the federal district is located not in Stavropol (about which), but in Pyatigorsk.
Five days on the KMV was not enough, so my story will not be entirely complete - however, from 15-17 parts. In the first, we will examine the "gates" of the agglomeration, the city of Mineralnye Vody (76 thousand inhabitants) and the beginning of the railway connecting it together to the village of Inozemtsevo, in the second, we will pass through the stations from Zheleznovodsk to Kislovodsk.
One of the European trends, "brought" to Russia by Peter I, were resorts: it was necessary to deal with the first-priority problems - to create an industry, pile the Swedes and go to the sea, as doctors and scientists dispersed throughout the Russian empire to look for healing waters - the first of these finds of steel in Karelia. According to some reports, at the same time, in 1717, Peter's physician Gottlieb Shober visited the Ciscaucasia and discovered the sources near the present Pyatigorsk. More reliable are the studies of Johann Guldenstedt, Peter Pallas and Fyodor Haas at the turn of the 18-19 centuries, when the Azov-Mozdok fortified line passed through the future CMW and Russia undertook to develop the region seriously and for a long time. The resort was officially established in 1802, and the demand for it appeared from the first years - initially vacationers lived in kibitkas (Kalmyk yurts), which were placed at the springs in the summer season. In the 1820s-30s, 4 resort towns were formed, and during the time of Lermontov (1837-41), as you can learn from the same "Hero of Our Time", there was already a resort popular among the Petersburg world, worthy of some Karlsbad.
Finally, in 1875, the Vladikavkaz railway passed nearby, near KavMinVod was the Sultanovskaya station, almost immediately renamed Mineralnye Vody: the road to the resorts began from it, and in 1893 a railway line was launched to Kislovodsk. The station settlement began to grow rapidly, in 1898 it received the name Illarionovsky, in 1922 it became the city of Mineralnye Vody
... This was his station:
Now in its place is a luxurious train station from the 1950s, which welcomes guests with a round colonnade with an eagle, captured in the opening shot. The station is unusually far from the tracks, in fact, there is another square on this side:
View from the city side. In order to fight terrorism, you can enter the station only from this side, and exit - only to the eagle:
The turret at the top evokes associations with VDNKh:
But most of all, I was impressed by the central hall under the dome with an abundance of stucco, stained glass and mosaics:
The main theme of the design is Caucasian landscapes, which emphasizes the role of the "gateway to the region":
Since terrorism is a threat to society, and the Caucasus is its main focus (local electric trains have been blown up more than once), I assumed that KMV would surpass everything that I had seen before in terms of photoparanoia. Well, the truth is: a young man with an unconventional appearance for these places comes into the station, takes a picture of him, and leaves without buying a ticket - anywhere in Russia the watchman would be on his guard. But contrary to expectations, despite the huge number of guards, I photographed completely unhindered at all stations. I don’t know what it’s connected with - either with the abundance of holiday-makers ("kefirniks", as they are called here), who are also not averse to being captured against the background of the station, or reality a terrorist threat, and therefore a better understanding that a camera is not a sign of an intruder.
Old houses in the vicinity of the station square - it serves as the historical center of the city:
Brown stalinka in the background - opposite the station:
But in general, Mineralnye Vody is a classic "city of railroad workers" that grew in late Soviet times (when the resorts were especially busy) and therefore looks very dull. Main streets with five-story buildings, groomed in a southern way, perpendicular to the railway:
And rare stalinkas like the post office:
And between them - a solid private sector against the background of Mount Zmeika (992m), or Zhlaktau - the 3rd highest of the 17 mountains of the KMV after Beshtau and Dzhutsa.
Almost in the geometric center of the city, not far from the stadium at the intersection of Stavropolskaya and Pyatigorskaya streets - Nikolskaya Staraya Church (1957), until 1997 called Pokrovskaya, then apparently a bell was added. It's time for me to make a separate post on the churches of the Soviet era - so much material has accumulated about this phenomenon, and I found at least two such churches on the KMV.
And at the far end of Stavropolskaya, at the opposite end of the station, at the end of the "five-storey" center, there is actually the current Intercession Cathedral (1992-97), which seems to have had a pre-revolutionary predecessor, whose photographs I have not found.
However, it is interesting in itself - perhaps the clearest example of this rough, homegrown, low-budget, but so sincere architecture of the Perestroika churches.
Strange proportions, some kind of general separateness of all elements:
The apse, which looks like a water tower, is especially good:
In addition to the station, in MinVody there is an airport founded in 1925, and now the largest in the North Caucasus Federal District - inferior to the airports of Rostov, Krasnodar and Sochi, but far superior to Stavropol, and due to the difficult terrain (near the mountains), along with Moscow airports, it had the most modern navigation equipment in the USSR. Also in the vicinity of Mineralnye Vody there are the small resorts of Kumagorsk and Naguta that remain in the shadow of the "magnificent four", as well as the not resort of Georgievsk - an old town that grew up near a fair and a fortress, where in 1783 a treatise on the Russian protectorate over Georgia was signed. Perhaps Georgievsk is my main gap on KMV, but from there I come from an econom-geographer mingitau , in the journal of which I am sending. As for me, of the remarkable places in the vicinity of Mineralnye Vody, I remembered only the Nogai village of Kangly, which is passing by a minibus on the road from Stavropol - about the Nogais, whose villages are dotted from the Kazakh border to the Caucasus, I have already written. But at least with a cursory glance, Kangly does not stand out from other villages of Stavropol, and their main attraction - Dagger Mountain (506m) in the 1970s was completely destroyed by a quarry - the local mountains are made up of a rare and valuable technical stone beshtownite:
So that back to the station - in addition to the through tracks of long-distance trains, there are also dead-end suburban trains. At the entrance to the covered platform there are turnstiles, at the box office they sell a ticket with a barcode, like on the Moscow Region electric trains - only the turnstiles are wide open, and controllers often go around the cars. The line to Kislovodsk with a length of 64 kilometers was built, as already mentioned, in 1893, and took its current appearance in 1936, when it was electrified (and the main line was awarded such an honor only in the 1960s), equipped with high platforms and probably built part of the stations on small stations. Nowadays it is something in between urban and suburban transport - it connects MinVody, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki and Kislovodsk, trains run on average every hour and a half, travel time is also about an hour and a half. They are popular among the locals, and among the surrounding route disgrace they look like an oasis in the desert - a convenient and understandable transport that I used all 5 days of my stay on the KMV. What's especially nice is that all trains still have a historical design:
The canopy over the first suburban platform, judging by the rivets, is either pre-revolutionary, or competent stylization. Near the steam locomotive-monument:
And from the window of the train you can see rare pre-revolutionary buildings of the Pathway Department:
First stop - platform 3rd kilometer, nondescript match the name. There are only two of them on the line.
On 5th kilometer the station is more interesting - apparently, during the electrification of the line:
Like the next station Snake - Stalin's stations here are similar to each other, but slightly different:
Somewhere here the city ends, and over the villages and fields dominates the actual Zhlaktau, in the rocks of which there really is something serpentine. Part of the slope is disfigured by a quarry where the same beshtownite was mined:
It's a pity, the day turned out to be cloudy - each of the 5 days on MinVody (and all 10 days of the trip) was accompanied by different weather:
But a new one begins behind the mountain settlement Inozemtsevo (28 thousand inhabitants), through which the railway passes by three stations:
Here a branch line to Zheleznovodsk from just one stretch is suitable ... this spring, alas, it was actually killed - trains no longer run on it. Although the closure is not the first, at the best time there were 19 pairs of trains on the line (that is, one train went back and forth almost continuously), and on the eve of the last cancellation - 6 pairs.
Here is the zone of influence of another mountain - Beshtau (1401m), around which the KMV are grouped. To the station Beshtau and electric trains from Zheleznovodsk go back and forth, not further along the main passage!
There is already a pre-revolutionary station, behind which the Russian Railways sanatorium "Voskhod":
Inozemtsevo is now listed as an urban settlement under Zheleznovodsk, which is slightly larger in size. It has always been in the shadow of other cities of the CMS, but meanwhile its history is very interesting: in 1801, the Scots settled here - missionaries from the Edinburgh Bible Society, trying to baptize the highlanders - as I understand it, "Bible societies" do not belong to any confession and simply spread The Bible in the world. However, the mission was not very successful, the Scots held out here until 1835, and then they were finally ousted by the Germans who moved here in 1809 and took up gardening.
The name "Inozemtsevo" is not at all in honor of the local foreigners: initially the Scottish colony was called Karras, the German one - Nikolaev, and under the current name they were united in 1959 (when the local Germans, at the behest of Stalin, had been settling in Kazakhstan for 18 years) around the station settlement, which received the name in turn in honor of Ivan Inozemtsev - the head of the Vladikavkaz railway, who built this line and a mansion near the station named after himself:
Beyond the paths are the remains of Inozemtsev's house church, converted into a residential building. The shot was taken directly from the platform:
Station Inozemtsevo:
Little old train station:
Here I left the train and went in search of the fragments of the former German colony. The village stands on the slope of Beshtau, the streets go down at a very noticeable angle:
In the center is Svoboda Avenue with a boulevard, quite possibly planted by the Germans, on opposite sides of which there are two houses of very respectable age:
White on the left, with three windows, belonged to the foreman of the German colonists Gottlieb Roschke, who set up a coffee house here, and this coffee house was visited by Pushkin, Glinka, Tolstoy, Belinsky, but first of all - Lermontov, who had breakfast here for the last time in his life, in the morning before duel with Martynov. What is there now - I don't know: the house is neither open nor abandoned.
Obliquely from which - the gray building of the cinema "Luch", hiding inside the church of the colony Karras (1837), photos of which, alas, I have not found:
There is also one more former church of the Nikolaev colony (1904), whose address I did not know, and only upon my return I discovered that now it is the Mashuk recreation center on Kolkhoznaya Street. How I missed this in preparation - I can't put my mind to it, so the photo of the church is someone else's (
Small Academy of Sciences MBOU "South-Russian Lyceum of Cossacks and Peoples of the Caucasus" of the resort town of Zheleznovodsk XII open scientific conference of schoolchildren
Section of Natural Sciences and Mathematics (Mathematics)
Research work on the topic:
"Attractions of the village Inozemtsevo in figures and facts"
Olga Sergeevna Golubeva,
Basic secondary school of the Branch of the State Pedagogical Institute in Zheleznovodsk, class 5 "A"
Supervisor: Romanko Olga Nikolaevna, mathematic teacher,I qualification category
zheleznovodsk, settlement Inozemtsevo, 2016
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2. House Roschke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
INTRODUCTION
In families that gave the world celebrities, it happens that one of the brothers or sisters remains unknown. Such a fate was in store for the resort village of Inozemtsevo, Stavropol Territory. Ask anyone about the resort cities of KMV (Caucasian Mineral Waters). They will name everything, except for an urban-type settlement, stretching near Mount Beshtau between Pyatigorsk and Zheleznovodsk, which it has been administratively part of since the end of the last century.
Quiet village located in a very picturesque place between the famous mountains - Beshtau and Mashuk. A corner of a fertile land, where you can walk along the wooded slopes of the highest mountain KMV (Beshtau - height 1400 m), relax on the shores of Lake Karras within the village, breathe in the clean and healthy air and drink no less healing mineral water.
The village of Inozemtsevo is a historical, original and unique place of the Caucasian Mineral Waters.
The state and its people have no future without historical memory. But not only the future - but there is no present either. The village of Inozemtsevo has its own unique historical and modern places that deserve special attention. The sights have an impact on the cultural, educational, economic development of the village and on the life of the population.
In regional tourism Inozemtsevo can occupy one of the leading places. The task of local historians, historians, local authorities is to do everything possible to identify and register objects of historical and cultural significance in order to attract tourist flows to this interesting corner of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. This is whatrelevance this topic.
The purpose of the work is the definition of the role of attractions in the social, economic, cultural and historical development of the village of Inozemtsevo.
Research novelty manifests itself in the definition of links between historical cultural heritage and modern ones.
Research objectives:
Study the scientific literature on this topic;
Determine the role of attractions in the development of the village;
Summarize and systematize conclusions on the topic studied.
Research methods:
Analysis of historical literature;
Comparison of the material with the subsequent generalization of the results obtained.
Chapter 1. HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF THE VILLAGE INOZEMTSEVO
The mysterious world of the North Caucasus, the way of life and customs of the highlanders attracted the attention of European missionaries, who hoped to convert the local population to Christianity, which was widely developed in these places in the 9-10 centuries. Emperor Alexander I was also interested in the early economic development of the Caucasus. That is why permission was given for the arrival of Scottish missionaries-colonists to the region of the Caucasian Mineral Waters to "spread industriousness, crafts and factories in a land sparsely populated, adjacent to the peoples of the Mohammedan confession, who have no education." There are several historical periods in the development of the village: the Scottish colony Karras (1802 - 1825), the German colonies Karras and Nikolaevka (1835 -1941), the villages of Karras and Nikolaevka (1941 - 1959), the village of Inozemtsevo of the resort type Zheleznovodsk (1959 - 1983), urban-type settlement Inozemtsevo since 1983.
Autumn 1802. Henry Brunton, Alexander Paterson, Eloram Garrison settle as guests in the village of Karras. Each of the brothers had their own slaves, soldiers, heirs. The next year, more missionaries came from Scotland, slaves - children, women and men - were bought from the highlanders to convert them to Christianity (one person cost 200 rubles in silver). There is a high mortality rate among colonists from plague, fever and dysentery epidemics. At the end of 1805, the Scottish colony received "6489 dessiatines 1298 yards of comfortable land and 7566 dessiatines of 2048 yards of uncomfortable land", and in December 1806, Emperor Alexander I signed the Charter of Appointment establishing the Scottish Colony. A powerful impetus to the economic development of the colony was given by the arrival in 1809 of the first German families in the number of 70 souls. Gradually, the number of German immigrants from the Saratov province became more and more, and in 1819 the German colony Nikolayevskaya was established, which began to play an important role in the supply of vegetables, fruits, grapes, milk, meat, honey, bread, flowers and other agricultural products to the resort groups of Kavminvod. In 1823 Zheleznovodsk was connected by a road passing through the village with Pyatigorsk. In 1894, the Mineralnye Vody - Kislovodsk railway was built, which breathed new life into the colony. Karras station was formed, solid stone houses were being built.
In 1935, the Scottish Mission ceased to exist, the settlements of Karras and Nikolaevskoe became completely German.
In 1925, the settlements were registered with the Karras village council of the Goryachevodsky district of the Tersk district and numbered: in Karras - 240 houses, the population - 1792 people; in the Nikolaev colony - 427 houses, population - 1415 people. In 1928, the village councils of Karrasky and Nikolaevsky were transferred to the Mineralovodsky district. 1959 became an important date in the history of the settlements, they were united into a single resort village Inozemtsevo, which became part of Zheleznovodsk. This name was derived from the railway station of the same name. And the station Inozemtsevo, in turn, was named after the manager of the Vladikavkaz railway, Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev. Distance to the regional center: 180 km.
Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev Panorama of the colonyKarras with the house of engineer I.D. Inozemtseva.
From that time the village began to develop rapidly. A dairy and a winery were put into operation, a secondary school and a polyclinic were built. The village is also becoming a real resort. The children's rheumatological sanatorium "Solnyshko", the sanatoriums "Geologist of Kazakhstan", "Voskhod", "Mashuk" took Russians and residents of the CIS countries for rest and treatment. In 1983 the settlement received the status of an urban-type settlement.
Chapter 2. CULTURAL HERITAGE INOZEMTSEVO VILLAGE
2.1. House of Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev
Inozemtsevo - has a rich cultural and historical heritage. At various times, the village was visited by prominent Russian writers and poets, such as A.S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, V.G. Belinsky, A.I. Odoevsky. Inozemtsevo has many places of interest with their own history.
The house of I. D. Inozemtsev is the mansion of the manager of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway, engineer Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev, named after him. Inozemtsev built this house according to his own project. The house is a luxurious two-story brick mansion, in which Inozemtsev settled with his family in 1908.
This is the building, from the balcony of which K. Zetkin spoke to the residents of the village of Karras. Clara Zetkin is a German politician and activist for women's rights. It is believed that she is the author of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe International Women's Day - 8 March.
In 1930, the house of I. D. Inozemtsev was transferred to the ownership of the Tersk Department of Public Education. Now the mansion houses the Stavropol State Pedagogical Institute and the Basic School.
For 85 years of its existence, the educational institution has raised good personnel not only for schools and kindergartens, but also for work in the institute itself.
House of I.D. Inozemtsev
It is possible to conduct a study of what could have happened if about 85 years ago this building had not been given to the Department of Education?
Let us formulate a hypothesis: without the existence of the institution, the population would be smaller in the village, the literacy level would be lower.
Many students come from different cities of Russia to study at the State Pedagogical Institute, after graduation they find a job and stay to live in Inozemtsevo. From 1933 to 2015, the population increased, there were about 2,000 people, at the moment, according to the results of the population census, 28,500 people.
The level of literacy of the population has increased. In the 50s, graduations and enrollments were approximately - from 90 to 142 people, by 2015 - 854 students.
After the research, our hypothesis was confirmed.
No matter how over the decades the name has not changed (technical school, college, college, institute), the spirit of professionalism, skill, love for children remained unchanged. Teachers and students love the century-old building of the main educational building with its ancient architecture, turrets, beautiful and cozy, the main thing for them is to preserve the best traditions. House of I.D. Inozemtseva is a historical heritage that made a great contribution to the formation of the village.
2.2. House Roschke
The house of Gottlieb Roschke is considered a historical monument. The modest building in the very heart of the village of Inozemtsevo got its name in honor of its first owner, the German chef Gottlieb Roschke. He moved to the Caucasus in the German colony Karras in 1814 and opened a coffee shop here.
Yes, not only arranged, but agreed with the administration of the resorts that all excursions should stop near his house. Whether this was the reason for the popularity, or was it really delicious coffee along with German pastry (Roschke's contemporaries recognized this), but the establishment of the foreman of the colonists was not empty. And the names of some of the visitors who paid attention to Roschke's coffee shop worked better than any advertisement: Leo Tolstoy (celebrating his birthday), Pushkin, Glinka, Belinsky and Lermontov, who spent the last hours of Roschke's life.
Former coffee shop in the German colony of Scotch, now the house of Roschkespotted by V. Ya., a researcher of the Lermontov House Museum Simanskaya in the late 1950s and is marked with a memorial plaque.
In 1983, Roschke's house was restored and its original appearance was restored. It housed a children's library and a small exhibition dedicated to the work of M.Yu. Lermontov. Then the library was closed and the building remained abandoned.
HouseGottlieb Roschke
In 2016, the authorities of the city-resort of Zheleznovodsk plan to restore the old German courtyard and open a museum in it.
We will conduct a study of how the opening of a historical cultural center, where the opening of an exposition dedicated to the history of the village of Inozemtsevo, will affect the development of children.
Hypothesis: the opening of a museum in the Roschke house will increase the level of cultural development of more than 2.5 thousand school-age children.
In Inozemtsevo there are 4 - general education schools, 1 - correctional general education boarding school, in each of which hundreds of children study.
Basic school - 343 people;
Secondary school № 4 - 516 people;
Secondary school № 5 - 794 people;
South Russian Lyceum of the Cossacks and the Peoples of the Caucasus - 980 people;
Special (correctional) boarding school - 148 people.
The creation of the museum will allow schoolchildren to learn about the history of the emergence and development of the village, to get acquainted with the names of prominent people who contributed to the cultural and historical heritage. The museum staff will provide interesting information about the archaeological monuments of the village, already little known (for example, in 1881 more than 5000 barrows were found, 6 burial grounds of the Scythian time were discovered in the vicinity of the village, 14 burials were examined).
Thus, the hypothesis put forward is correct, with the appearance of the museum in the village, thousands of children will be able to visit it and enrich their knowledge with information about the historical facts of the origin of the village, its archaeological sites, cultural sites and attractions.
In 2016, the Roschke house will be restored. Today, the collection of archival documents, items of old household utensils, clothing, furniture is underway. The opening of the historic center will affect the cultural development of the residents of the village.
2.3. Mass grave in the village of Inozemtsevo
The mass grave of Soviet soldiers who died during the liberation of the village is a place worthy of the attention of every person.
On the northwestern outskirts of the village of Karras (now the village of Inozemtsevo) in the summer of 1918, during the civil war, ten Red Army soldiers and one peasant with a son of 10-12 years old were buried in a mass grave.
In 1937, the mass grave was landscaped with an obelisk with a star and an iron fence.
During the Great Patriotic War, in August 1942, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Inozemtsevsky winery, the Nazis killed Lieutenant Polykarp Romanovich Tikhoshin. He was buried on the premises of the plant. Later, when the construction of the warehouse of the winery was carried out, the remains of the lieutenant were transferred to a mass grave. A Red Army soldier who died from a serious wound is buried here. His surname remained unknown.
In 1953, a bronze sculpture of a warrior was installed on the mass grave, symbolizing the unknown soldier.
In the spring of 1983, on the 38th anniversary of the Great Victory, the Eternal Flame Memorial was erected on the site of the mass grave.
On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the Great Victory, in 1985, memorial inscriptions of 40 names of the inhabitants of the village who died at the fronts of the Great Patriotic War were installed on the portal.
In 1989, the Memorial portal also immortalized the memory of another 30 soldiers who were called up to the front from the village of Inozemtsevo and who died in battles for their Motherland. Thus, at present, "Eternal Flame" covers the names of seventy defenders who died. Every year hundreds of residents of the village of Inozemtsevo come to the memorial to honor their memory.
The mass grave of Soviet soldiers is an object of cultural heritage of the village of Inozemtsevo. A visit to this place brings together people of different religious denominations (there are 4 of them in the village) and nationalities (about 30).
National composition of the village
78,06 %
9,21 %
4,26 %
1,45 %
others 7,01 %
For the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory, all educational institutions of the village were actively preparing. On May 8, 2015, about 3000 schoolchildren and pupils of senior groups of kindergartens, as well as their parents, teachers, educators and other people took part in a solemn meeting at the Eternal Flame memorial and in the Immortal Regiment action. The column of people with photographs of WWII participants stretched for 510 meters, this is the distance from the Luch cinema, from where the procession began, to the memorial.
Almost all residents of the village of Inozemtsevo and the city of Zheleznovodsk took part in the anniversary celebration, among them - 20 disabled people and 53 participants of the Great Patriotic War, 217 widows of participants, 8 former underage prisoners of concentration camps and 8 residents of besieged Leningrad, 20 veterans of the last military draft, 517 home front workers.
The mass grave of Soviet soldiers who died during the liberation of the village is a historical monument, an object of cultural heritage that unites thousands of people. It fosters a sense of patriotism and the deepest respect for our ancestors who died for our bright future.
2.4. Health resort complex
Inozemtsevo is a resort village and is famous for its medical and recreational complexes. The sights of the village include sanatoriums. At present, there are 4 health resorts on the territory of Inozemtsevo (sanatorium "Mashuk Aqua - Term", "Geologist of Kazakhstan", "Lesnoy" and the children's sanatorium "Solnechny"). The bed capacity is 800 beds. Almost 10 thousand people improve their health in the resort village every year.
One of the famous sanatoriums is Mashuk Aqua - Term. In 2013 and 2015, Mashuk Aqua-Therm became the Laureate of the National Competition "The Best Sanatoriums of the Russian Federation". In June 2008, the world's first and so far the only monument dedicated to an enema was installed on its territory. It is a bronze monument weighing 350 kg and a height of 1.5 meters, made in the form of a composition of three angel-like children, carrying a large pear-shaped enema over their heads.
The health resort "Mashuk Aqua - Term" is located on a beautifully maintained protected area of \u200b\u200b12.5 hectares, on which there is a well of mineral thermal water of the "Zheleznovodsk" type - the well-known Slavyanovsk spring. The water temperature from this source reaches 55 degrees. This mineral water is used for drinking treatment of visitors to the sanatorium.
On the territory of the village of Inozemtsevo there is a unique source - Batalinsky. In 1856 Fyodor Batalin discovered a bitter-salty spring, the water of which had a persistent laxative effect. Before the revolution, up to 1.5 million of the so-called half-bottles of Batalin water went to Europe, and each cost a ruble in gold. But in 1974, after a nearby park was sprayed, pesticides appeared in the water. Since then, the source has long been cleansed, but was officially closed, although healing water was still delivered to the Kremlin hospital, which was bottled by hand once a month. The Batalinsky spring is still capable of producing 12 cubic meters of water per day. Do not be confused by the low "productivity" of the source: the intake rate of this water, which has an analogue in Europe only in Hungary, is 120 grams per day. The Batalinsky spring has not yet been returned to service. If the spring is discovered over time, then there will be more holiday-makers in the village, since 40% of the population of Russia have gastrointestinal abnormalities, and this water is able to cure this disease.
Sanatorium - spa treatment and service for vacationers is one of the leading sectors of the village economy.
Chapter 3. PERSPECTIVES OF THE FUTURE
One of the large-scale investment projects planned for implementation on the territory of the village of Inozemtsevo is the "Valley of Mineral Waters". The project implementation period is 2012 - 2018. The complex development of the territory of 1430 hectares, construction of objects of sanatorium and resort, trade and entertainment, sports and recreation activities, residential buildings is planned.
What social effect can the project lead to by 2020?
Of course, the creation of at least 4,200 new permanent jobs, an increase in the number of vacationers in the sanatorium-resort complex - up to 150 thousand people a year.
Thus, the implementation of the project will increase the income of the village budget. With the increase in the number of jobs, the unemployment rate will decrease. More than 4000 people will be employed. The construction of the resort complex will have a positive impact on the development of the village's economy. 42.5 billion rubles have been allocated for the implementation of the project, the workload of the complex in the season will have to correspond to 100%.
Distribution of land: sanatorium - resort area - 245 hectares; shopping and entertainment zone - 355 hectares; residential area - 400 hectares; warehouse area - 80 hectares; administrative zone - 45 hectares; forest park zone - 150 hectares; sports and recreation zone - 155 hectares; vineyards (territory for further development) - 1000 hectares.
The resort of Inozemtsevo has favorable prerequisites for improving the quality of life of the population and improving the infrastructure of the village.
CONCLUSION
Inozemtsevo is a resort village with its own history and places that deserve special attention.
In this paper, the sights that play an important role in the social, historical, cultural and economic development of the village were considered.
The existence of the House of I.D. Inozemtseva, now the Pedagogical Institute, influenced the increase in the number of people living in the village, from 1930 to 2015 the population increased 13.2 times. The literacy rate of the population increased, in 1897 the number of the literate population over the age of 9 was only 24%.
There are prerequisites for the development of a tourist complex in Inozemtsevo. By 2015, the number of vacationers who come to the sanatoriums of the village to improve their health increased (10 thousand people a year). By 2020, with the implementation of the "Valley of Mineral Waters" project, it is expected to receive up to 150 thousand people, which is 15 times more than now. Sanatorium - spa treatment is one of the leading sectors of the village economy.
First of all, it should be noted that Inozemtsevo is an urban-type settlement with a long and interesting history that will not leave anyone indifferent.
The history in Inozemtsevo is completely connected with the history of our country. There are 26 monuments of history and culture in the village, among them 16 are archaeological, 4 are architecture and urban planning. Archaeological excavations are still being carried out on its territory, which lead to amazing results.
Sights in Inozemtsevo are places that are really worth visiting, their rich history cannot but interest. They keep interesting facts from the life of the village.
We, local residents, must respect and protect the history and culture of our village. Today people of thirty nationalities live here in peace and harmony. Their knowledge, experience, hard work are the main wealth of the village.
LITERATURE
Alekseeva E. S. We remember, we are proud, we live! Zheleznovodsk, 2015.S. 149.
Apukhtin I. Colonia Karras, its past and present. Pyatigorsk, 1903, p. 4.
Batalin F. Pyatigorsk Territory and Caucasian Mineral Waters. Part 1, 2, St. Petersburg, 1861. S. 6-7.
Dzhurinskiy A. N. History of education and historical thought. Textbook. - M .: VLADOS, 2004.
Kovalenko V.I., Zheleznovodsk. Pages of history. Zheleznovodsk. - M, 2000.
Krasnokutskaya L.I. Inozemtsevo. Pages of history. - Pyatigorsk, 2002.S. 92.
Chekmeev S.A. Foreign settlements in the Stavropol region at the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century. / Materials of the study of the Stavropol Territory. Stavropol, 1971. Issue. 12-13. P. 247
8. http:// adm- zheleznovodsk. ru
9.http: //info.kmvcity.ru
