“From the open cracks of the crevices, an incessantly thin, trembling vapor rises up against the sun, to which it is impossible to touch with a hand; a birch bark thrown there or dry wood chips would catch fire in one minute; in bad weather and on dark nights it looks like a red flame or a fiery steam several arshins higher, ”wrote academician and traveler Pyotr Simon Pallas more than 200 years ago about an unusual mountain in Bashkiria.
Long ago, Yangantau Mountain was called differently: Karagosh-Tau or Berkutova Mountain. According to the good old tradition, “what I see is what I call”. For the mountain to be renamed, some exceptional event had to happen. They say that this event even has an exact date: 1758. Lightning struck the mountain, all the trees and bushes on the southern slope caught fire. Since then, the mountain has become known under the name Yangantau (Yangan-tau), translated from Bashkir - "burnt mountain". The Russians slightly changed the name: Gorela Gora. However, despite the wide popularity and absolute uniqueness of Yangantau, local residents still remember the old name, Karagosh-tau, and they still use it.
YANGANTAU - YANGAN-Tau - BURN MOUNTAIN - WARM MOUNTAIN
In the Salavat region of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 150 km from Ufa, there is a complex geological natural monument of federal rank.
Translated from the Bashkir Yangan-Tau means Burnt Mountain. It is a section of a steep high board river valleys Yuryuzani, towering above the level of the river at 160 m.
It is composed of rocks of the Sakmarian and Artinskian stages of the lower section of the Permian system, crumpled into folds. Structurally, the territory of the GPP is located on the southern edge of the Bashkir arch, bounded by a deep fault, along which the river was laid its own valley. Yuryuzan.
The amplitude of the displacement of rocks along the fault reaches several kilometers. 
Yangantau is one of the most unique and famous places in the republic.
The word "yangantau" is translated from Bashkir as "burning mountain" and this is no accident.
The fact is that this mysterious mountain has really been burning for several centuries!
The height of Yangantau Mountain is low - only 504 meters above sea level.
It became famous for the fact that hot streams of steam always come from the cracks on the top of the mountain. Hot gases rise to the surface along the cracks in the mountain, the temperature of which at the outlet ranges from +37 to +150 degrees, and in a well drilled to a depth of 90 meters, the temperature reaches 380 degrees!
VIEW FROM MOUNTAIN YANGANTAU 
Warmth always came from the mountain (hence its other name, Warm Mountain), but lightning and fire released a hidden process to the surface of the earth, which continued in the bowels of the mountain for millennia. Well, the competent scientist Pallas wrote / described everything in time. Since then, Mount Yangantau has been known as a geothermal phenomenon: hot steam and gases are constantly emitted from its depths. The local vapors are found to have an increased content of resins, phenols and ammonia. The temperature of the outgoing gases ranges from +37 to + 150 ° С. The warm-up zone is hidden 60-80 meters below the surface of the mountain. In total, five "thermal sites" were counted on Yangantau, the highest temperature is observed on the "burnt" southern slope.
RIVER YURYUZAN- MOUNTAIN YANGANTAU 
The heat-generating process continues today. This means that it would be more correct to call “Yangan-Tau” in Bashkir “Yanyusy-Tau” or “Yanyp torgan tau”, that is, “Burning Mountain”. It turns out that the current name is not entirely accurate. During the fire, according to the testimony of PS Pallas, the combustion was open. Although if the heat-generating process was then the same as it is today, as some scientists say, it can be argued that it continues for many millennia. Most likely, the first Bashkir settlers, feeling the warmth coming from the mountain, called it Yyly-Tau, that is, Warm Mountain, or Dymly-Tau, Byuly-Tau, Parly-Tau, that is, “mountain with a steam”, in extreme cases - Byskak-Tau, which means "smoldering mountain". 
Burning mountains are not uncommon, but the burning process is always associated with volcanic activity. In addition to the Bashkir phenomenon: the area where Yangantau is located is very far from the volcanic zones. In other words, there are no volcanoes here and, most importantly, there have never been.
Science since the time of Pallas has not found an explanation for the nature of the gas-geothermal phenomenon of Mount Yangantau. There were many versions, up to radioactive decay (by the way, there is indeed a radioactive mineral spring Kurgazak near Yangantau). Until recently, the most plausible was the "bitumen hypothesis": bituminous shales in the depths of the mountain are slowly oxidized under the action of air penetrating through cracks; during this reaction heat is released, which rises along cracks to the surface in the form of hot steam.
The results of recent studies speak in favor of the combustion of hydrocarbons and make it possible to draw an analogy with the processes taking place inside the burning coal waste heaps. In any case, the process is clearly complex, involving all components, from the composition of the rocks to the direction of the wind. Interestingly, a natural cast iron ingot was discovered at a depth of 7 meters. VN Puchkov and RF Abdrakhmanov (Institute of Geology, Ufa Scientific Center, RAS) made the assumption that the ingot is the result of an absolutely unique natural metallurgical process. It is possible that initially the temperature of the combustion seat was very high, and the hearth itself was located near the surface of the earth. Then the temperature began to drop, and the hearth went deep into the mountain. 
At a depth of 60-80 meters in the bowels of the burning mountain there is a thermal core, it is heated up to 400 degrees. Through cracks in the body of the mountain, hot gases rise to the surface, where they are intercepted by wells of steam baths. It is also interesting that, on the one hand, in the upper part of the mountain Yangan-Tau emits hot vapors, and on the other, dry gases of almost the same temperature. What this is connected with is also still a mystery. It is also known that the mountain burns more in winter than in summer. And in cold weather it gives more warmth. Research is complicated by the fact that deep drilling can upset the unique balance, and the mountain will simply die out.
MOUNTAIN YANGANTAU - RIVER YURYUZAN 
LEGENDS
Bashkirs explain the mountain phenomenon in their own way.
The Bashkirs tell a legend that in time immemorial, when people did not yet know fire, fire came down from the sky on Yangantau, and people spread it from here throughout the earth. In distant times, the Bashkirs (like all ancient Turks) professed Tengrianism, in the pantheon of gods of which there was also the god of fire. It was from this god that people received fire.
According to the second legend, several centuries ago, lightning struck a tree at the top of the mountain. The tree completely burned down, then the fire went down the roots into the depths of the mountain.
Since then, an unquenchable fire has been burning inside it. The Bashkirs considered the fire inside the mountain to be sacred, divine. 
According to the third legend, one autumn a wet and chilled shepherd, exhausted, took refuge from the rain on the side of a mountain in a depression at the root of an old tree. The tired shepherd fell fast asleep, and when he woke up, he noticed that warm steam was rising from the bottom of the pit. Subsequently, the middle-aged shepherd came here more than once. Soon his aching joints stopped tormenting him and his strength increased noticeably ... 
In our time - on the top of the mountain there was even a statue of a shepherd - in memory of the discoverer of the Ural miracle. Today the modest monument has been sent for restoration, and the hot streams emanating from the mountain are no longer visible behind the modern outlines of the popular sanatorium. Modern buildings and paved paths do not in any way remind that a giant cauldron is boiling at a depth of only 60 meters underfoot.
It was in these lands that the legendary hero of the Bashkir people Salavat Yulaev was born and raised. 
HISTORY:
In 1770, an academic expedition led by academician P.S. Pallas. Shocked by what he saw, the scientist wrote:
“From the open cracks (crevasses), a constantly thin, trembling, hot steam rises up against the sun, to which it is impossible to touch with a hand, the birch bark thrown there or dry chips caught fire in one minute, in bad weather and on dark nights it seems like a thin red flame or a fireball several arshins high. But behind all that, nowhere on the mountain does one hear a sulfur or coal smell, and the steam coming out of the pits does not have any odorous properties in it ...
The Bashkirians say that in these burnt places, not only there is no snow in winter, but that the whole neighborhood is constantly turning green ... "
Mount Yangantau 
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the news about the healing properties of the gases of the Yangan-Tau mountain spread far beyond the neighboring villages, and visiting the mountain for healing became widespread.
In 1935, by the decision of the People's Commissariat of Health of Bashkiria, the first health resort was built on the mountain - a hospital house for 15 beds. For the first time, a doctor was sent here to monitor the patients being treated.
Sanatorium "Yangan-Tau" was formed on April 2, 1937, with the launch of an experimental clinical station with a hospital for 20 beds. The first thermal baths were small depressions in places where steam and gas escaped, where patients sat on stools installed in wooden "cabins".
In 1957, the sanatorium switches to a year-round operation.
A new stage in the development of "Yangan-Tau" is associated with the adoption in 1990 of the "Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Republic of Bashkortostan" and the formation of the statehood of the republic. Thanks to the policy of the President of the Republic of Bashkortostan M.G. Rakhimov and the care of the Government of the Republic of Belarus, the appearance of the sanatorium has acquired a modern look.
ATTRACTION
Currently, Yangantau Mountain has the status of a natural monument.
The Yuryuzan River, popular for tourist rafting, flows under the mountain.
It is widely known for its picturesque rocks, caves, and archaeological finds.
This river is associated with the Bashkir national hero Salavat Yulaev.
SOURCE KURGAZAK 
According to a recent analysis, the water of the Kurgazak spring is close to the famous Caucasian mineral waters. The water contains more than 20 components: iron, manganese, phosphorus, zinc, copper, titanium, beryllium, molybdenum, chromium, silicon, as well as a unique natural microflora. For its original chemical composition, it is also called living water.
The influence of Yangan-Tau extends far beyond the limits of a low, but such an interesting mountain. Further along the course of the Yuryuzan River - the village of Kuselyarovo. There is a hydrogen sulfide lake here, which does not freeze even in 40-degree frost. The brackish water, which local cows and horses love to drink so much, is said to cure even trachoma of the eyes. And after another one and a half kilometers from here from under the steep slope of Yuryuzan several hydrogen sulphide springs are beating at once!
The uniqueness of such springs is that within a few minutes after reaching the surface, water reacts with air and loses its healing properties during transportation. This applies primarily to lake mud.
Here and there are found deposits of ancient marine sediments - sapropels. And according to the original theory of one of the local ethnographers, the unusual properties of the burning mountain, the healing power of the mineral spring and the Kuselyar hydrogen sulfide mud are a consequence of one global cataclysm that happened in ancient times in the valley of modern Yuryuzan. And all these abnormal points that bring health to a person are linked together.
WHERE IT IS AND HOW TO GET THERE:
Mount Yangantau is located in the Salavat region of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
Distances from major cities:
Ufa - 180 km, Chelyabinsk - 320 km,
Yekaterinburg - 430 km, Perm - 400 km, Tyumen - 750 km, Kurgan - 585 km
GPS coordinates:
Yangantau:
N 55 ° 17 "55"; E 58 ° 07 "54"
By car, you need to go along the Chelyabinsk - Ufa highway, then turn to Kropachevo. Pass Karatavly, Maloyaz, Komsomol (the source of Kurgazak is located there). Then, after crossing the bridge over the Yuryuzan River in the Chulpan village, turn right and climb the mountain, which will be Yangantau.
By bus from Ufa (from the Northern Bus Station), Yekaterinburg or Chelyabinsk.
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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTOS:
http://yantau.ru/
http://strana.ru/places/196338
http://nashural.ru/Mesta/yangantau.htm
http://www.ufainfo.ru/
Types of transport:
Bus, Car
Description of how to get there:
Mount Yangantau is located in the Salavat region of the Republic of Bashkortostan. By car, you need to go along the Chelyabinsk - Ufa highway, then turn to Kropachevo. Pass Karatavly, Maloyaz, Komsomol (the source of Kurgazak is located there). Then, after crossing the bridge over the Yuryuzan River in the Chulpan village, turn right and climb the mountain, which will be Yangantau. By bus from Ufa (from the Northern Bus Station), Yekaterinburg or Chelyabinsk. By train to the station Kropachevo, then by taxi or bus of the Yangan-Tau sanatorium. GPS coordinates: Yangantau: N 55 ° 17 "55"; E 58 ° 07 "54" Kurgazak: N 55 ° 16 "28"; E 58 ° 08 "09"
Distance from major cities:
Ufa - 180 km, Chelyabinsk - 320 km, Yekaterinburg - 430 km, Perm - 400 km, Tyumen - 750 km, Kurgan - 585 km
The shortest possible duration:
One day
Accommodation options:
Sanatorium, Hotel
Infrastructure:
The famous mineral spring Kurgazak is located 3 kilometers south of the sanatorium in the village of Komsomol. The mineral water of the source rises along a tectonic fault from a depth of 600-800 meters. All year round, the water coming out to the surface has the same temperature: +16 degrees. The water is slightly mineralized, almost no taste is felt. Nevertheless, water contains many microelements that are so necessary for the body, such as iron, manganese, phosphorus, zinc, copper, titanium, beryllium, molybdenum, chromium, silicon and others. Kurgazak water cleanses and strengthens the body, removes toxins, salts and even stones.
Leisure / entertainment:
Family
Place value:
Great place for a photo, Natural
"Yangantau" is translated from Bashkir as "burned mountain", and this is no accident. The fact is that this mysterious mountain has really been burning for several centuries!
The height of Yangantau Mountain is low - only 504 meters above sea level. It became famous for the fact that hot streams of steam always come from the cracks on the top of the mountain. Hot gases rise to the surface along cracks in the mountain, the temperature of which at the outlet ranges from +37 to +150 degrees, and in a well drilled to a depth of 90 meters, the temperature reaches 380 degrees! In total, five "hot" spots were found on the mountain. The researchers found that the highest temperature is on the southern slope of the mountain. This despite the fact that there is no volcanic activity in these places. There is still no consensus among scientists explaining the phenomenon of the mysterious mountain Yangantau.
In April 1937, the first clinical station was opened here.
Natural thermal baths have a versatile analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect on the entire body, improve muscle tone, increase the range of motion in the joints, and have a positive effect on the microcirculation of internal organs.
| Yangantau | |
|---|---|
| Highest point | |
| Absolute height | 504 m |
| Location | |
| 55 ° 17'55 ″ s. NS. 58 ° 07'54 ″ in. etc. HGI AMOL | |
| Country | |
| The subject of the Russian Federation | Republic of Bashkortostan |
| Mountain system | Southern Urals |
| Media files at Wikimedia Commons | |
Physical and geographical characteristics
Mount Yangantau stretches from East to West for 2.5 km along the right bank of the river. Yuryuzan. The absolute height of the mountain is 143 meters, the height above the level of the Yuryuzan River is 160 meters (504 meters above sea level).
The mountain is composed of rocks of the Sakmarian and Artinskian stages of the lower section of the Permian system, crumpled into folds. Structurally, the territory of the GSP is located on the southern edge of the Bashkir arch, bounded by a deep fault, along which the river laid its valley Yuryuzan.
Hot air saturated with water vapor comes out on the slopes of the mountain. The air temperature is from +37 to +150 degrees, and in a well drilled to a depth of 90 meters, the temperature reaches 380 degrees.
In the depths of the mountain, oxidative and reduction reactions of bituminous marls take place. Warming centers are located at a depth of 60-90 m. The accumulated heat in a limited zone persists for a long time due to the weak heat transfer of the surrounding rocks.
History
Scientific research of the mountain has been carried out since the 18th century. (P. S. Pallas, 1773; F. N. Chernyshev, 1881; A. Ya. Gordyagin, 1882, 1885; E. M. Yanishevsky, 1902; A. Bikkel, 1932; G. V. Vakhrushev, 1927, 1957 and etc.)
Many hypotheses have been put forward about the nature of the thermal phenomena of the mountain: an underground fire from lightning, the reaction of the transition of ferrous oxide salts into oxide salts, the combustion of low-bituminous rocks, radioactive heat, mutual friction of the g.p. and others. Since the 60s of the 20th century, hypotheses about a natural nuclear reactor and a rare meteorite, which became a catalyst for thermal processes, have been considered (SG Fattakhutdinov, 1993).
Mount Yangatau is also known for its sulphurous, zinc and radon springs, which became the basis for the creation of the Yangantau balneological resort.
Birches, oaks and aspens grow on the slopes of the mountain, alternating with meadow glades and petrophytic steppes. The surviving pines speak of primary coniferous forests. Shrub meadow-steppe complexes of steppe cherry, low almond, caragana, dog rose, warty spindle tree and feather grass, fescue, thyme are widespread on the mountain and its environs.
The lower slope of the mountain is covered with bird cherry-willow thickets. On the basis of Yangantau Mountain, in 1980, a reserve and forestry were organized on an area of 3600 hectares.
Mount Yangantau is a natural monument since 1965.
