The unstable situation in their own country encourages many foreigners to leave their homes and look for a roof over their heads in a foreign country. Such people become the most unprotected part of the population, since they have practically nothing that is needed for a normal life, and it becomes the task of the host state to provide them with everything necessary.
Arriving in Russia, foreigners can choose one of the options for legalizing their stay in the country:
- Get temporary shelter in Russia and enjoy all social rights on an equal footing with Russians.
- Become a refugee which is issued for 3 years and allows you to enjoy many benefits, including financial assistance and pensions.
- Get political asylum.
- within 3 months - this is how long foreigners can stay in Russia.
- Apply for, and later become the owner.
- Join the resettlement program and subsequently join the .
- Get or, allowing you to legally find a job in the Russian Federation.
Let's take a closer look at the first three options. Information about the rest is available in the relevant materials.
temporary shelter
This status was first introduced back in 1993 and its appearance has nothing to do with the events in Ukraine, contrary to popular belief. Previously, far fewer foreigners used the right to receive this status, these were mainly internally displaced persons from the war zones of various countries.
temporary shelter(VU) - the right of foreigners to temporarily stay in Russia, which can be obtained in two cases:
- A foreigner has grounds for obtaining refugee status, but prefers to apply for a VU.
- A foreigner does not have the right to receive refugee status, but his deportation outside the Russian Federation for humane reasons is not carried out. These reasons are:
- the serious state of the applicant's health and the impossibility of providing assistance in his country of residence. It should be borne in mind that the reason for granting a TDL is not the applicant's severe form of any disease, but the inability to receive medical care in his country.
- in the applicant's country of residence there is a real threat to his life: military conflicts, famine, epidemics.
For example, humanitarian motives include the provision of a VU to everyone who evades mobilization, not wanting to fight on the side of the Ukrainian Armed Forces.
To obtain asylum, a foreigner must apply to the FMS (renamed to the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) and provide the following documents:
- A completed application for a VU (a filling template can be found on the website gosuslugi.ru). All family members who arrived with the applicant are indicated.
- national passport.
- Fingerprint card.
- A document confirming family ties (when entering the Russian Federation with a family).
- 4 standard photos.
At the time of consideration of the application, a certificate is issued that confirms the rights of the foreigner and his family to stay in the Russian Federation. The application itself is considered no longer than 3 months. After submitting the documents within 10 days, the foreigner and his family members are required to undergo a medical examination, as a result of which a certificate (2 copies) is issued. One copy remains in a medical institution, the second is handed over to a foreigner. The certificate is valid for one year from the date of issue.
Based on the results of the audit, the FMS issues a conclusion. With a positive decision, the foreigner receives a certificate of temporary asylum, which becomes his identity card in the Russian Federation. This document can be presented when applying for a job or, for example, at the registry office for marriage registration.
The national passport of a foreigner is transferred to the FMS for storage. It is this fact that causes the greatest difficulties and makes some foreigners refuse to obtain the status. After all, leaving the Russian Federation becomes impossible, moreover, if a foreigner nevertheless crosses the border of the Russian Federation for at least one day, he will lose the right to a VU - these are the migration rules.
Employment
A foreigner who has received a VU has the right to find a job in the Russian Federation without obtaining a work permit and a patent. Instead of a passport, an issued certificate of higher education, a work book, a diploma of education, SNILS, TIN are presented. When hiring in companies whose activities are related to the field of education, upbringing and development of children, organization of their recreation, rehabilitation and treatment, the future employee must provide a certificate of no criminal record. For this document, you should contact the internal affairs authorities.
The rights of foreigners who have received a VU
Foreigners and members of their families who have received a VU are subject to the rights established by the Federal Law “On Refugees” ( base.garant.ru/10105682/), except for the provision of a lump-sum allowance:
- A foreigner who has received a VU has the right to receive the services of an interpreter;
- The right to count on assistance in purchasing travel tickets and compensation for baggage;
- Use free medical services under the policy of compulsory medical insurance;
- To be trained in educational institutions;
- Count on assistance in vocational training or employment.
There is also material assistance, but its amount is set individually by each region. So, for example, in the Khabarovsk Territory, this amount is 5,000 rubles for each family member. In order to receive material assistance, foreigners must apply with a corresponding request to the social security authorities.
In general, foreigners have social guarantees on a par with Russians: on legal grounds, they become holders of medical policies and can visit polyclinics, get the opportunity to enroll their children in kindergartens and schools, and also work in Russian companies without additional documents.
The term for granting a VU and its extension
The VU is granted for one year. In the future, this period may be extended for another 12 months, as long as the reason for granting the VU remains. For example, Ukrainians who have received this status will have to leave the Russian Federation after the end of the war in their country.
To extend the VU, a written application is submitted to the FMS no later than 1 month before the expiration of the already issued certificate.
Loss and deprivation of the right to a VU
- If a foreigner leaves Russia for at least one day, he will lose the right to a VU. Upon returning to the Russian Federation, the entire procedure will have to be started all over again.
- The rights to a VU are lost by foreigners who have received a TRP in the Russian Federation or citizenship of another country.
- The right to a WU is lost after the elimination of the circumstances that gave rise to the grant of a WU.
A foreigner is deprived of the right to a VU if he commits a crime in the Russian Federation for which he will be convicted. He will also have to leave Russia if he provided false information and provided false documents.
Granting a higher education institution to citizens of Ukraine
Due to the difficult political situation in Ukraine, the petitions of the citizens of this country considered in a simplified manner - within 3 days. For persons from other countries, this period is 3 months. Ukrainians submit a written application in the established form, where they enter the relatives who arrived in them. After submitting the application, they are fingerprinted. Also, the FMS authorities are obliged to send the applicant for a medical examination, as a result of which a certificate is issued. This document is then submitted by the applicant to the FMS.
After a positive decision is made, a certificate of granting a VU is issued within one working day.
As for the citizens of Ukraine, since August 2015, the grace period for the stay of Ukrainians in the Russian Federation has been canceled. Previously, Ukrainians could stay in the Russian Federation for 90 days, and this period was extended every 3 months. Now the citizens of Ukraine have only 90 days to legalize their stay in Russia. This means that within the specified time it is necessary to apply for a VU if this option was chosen.
Refugee status
Refugee- individual migration status assigned to a foreigner who is subjected to personal persecution and cannot remain in their own country. A common misconception is that refugees are people who are fleeing war. But this category of citizens is not legally refugees, since in this case there is no personal persecution.
The reason for obtaining the status may also be the fact that the Ukrainian took part in hostilities, fighting on the side of the militia, and at the moment there is a threat of his personal persecution by the Ukrainian authorities. And vice versa, as in the case of temporary asylum for Ukrainians: there is a threat to the life of a foreigner, but there are no facts of personal persecution. These are, for example, all Ukrainians who leave the territory of their country en masse. There is a threat to life - but there is no personal persecution. Such persons will not be able to obtain refugee status, but are eligible to apply for a VA (described above).
To apply for refugee status, a foreigner must apply to the FMS and submit the following documents:
- An application for recognition as a refugee, indicating the reason why the applicant had to leave his country, and attaching documents confirming this fact;
- Standard photo;
- National passport;
- Questionnaire (filled in during a personal interview with an employee of the Federal Migration Service);
- Questionnaire;
- Fingerprint card.
If a positive decision is made on the application, the foreigner is granted refugee status, which is valid for three years, and a refugee certificate is issued. The national passport remains in the custody of the FMS.
Refugees have the right to count on a one-time allowance and a number of social guarantees:
- Obtaining a place in kindergarten and schools out of turn;
- The right to receive free medical services under the policy of compulsory medical insurance;
- The possibility of employment without obtaining additional permits.
Video: refugee status or DP for Ukrainians?
Political refuge
Political refuge(PU) entitles foreigners to reside in Russia. This kind of right can be obtained by persons who seek salvation from a real threat to their life and health for their social and political activities in their country.
To obtain the status, foreigners must apply to the FMS and provide:
- Application for the provision of a PD (filling template can be downloaded);
- Two standard photographs;
- national passport.
The application is submitted personally by a foreigner within 7 days after entering the Russian Federation or after the occurrence of circumstances that do not allow him to return to his homeland. The applicant has the right to provide any documents confirming the validity of his application.
After receiving the documents, an individual interview is held with the foreigner and a questionnaire is filled out, which sets out the circumstances that indicate the need to provide a PD, as well as the biographical data of the applicant. After submitting the documents, the applicant must undergo a fingerprinting procedure.
After receiving the application, the applicant receives a certificate, which becomes the main document confirming the legality of the foreigner's stay in the Russian Federation.
The application is considered no longer than one month. If the petition is signed by the President of the Russian Federation, the applicant receives a certificate of political asylum and a residence permit is issued to him in the prescribed manner.
- Foreigners arriving from countries with which the Russian Federation has a visa-free regime;
- Persons with a criminal record;
- Foreigners who come from a third country or have the citizenship of a third country where they are not subject to persecution;
- Foreigners who reported false information.
The right to PU will be lost if the foreigner leaves Russia, receives a Russian passport or citizenship of another country.
Video: report on obtaining temporary asylum in Russia
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Anatoly Said:
applied for a higher education institution. the purpose of the visit is indicated on the migration card - private. QUESTION: FOR WHAT 3 MONTHS TO LIVE???
Maria Said:
Hello everyone. I’m reading your comments and I’m shocked ... My family and I arrived at the age of 14, we immediately did a temporary residence permit, since there were no problems with registration, our grandmother left an apartment in Orenburg. we were told by the head of the department of the FMS for migrants, the sweetest woman, thank you very much. She says that they have an unspoken order, Ukrainians (we are talking about Donetsk and Luhansk regions) cannot even be offered to leave the Russian Federation. , I asked if it could be that they would refuse us, the inspector said no, we don’t refuse Ukrainians, you are ours .... after 5 weeks they called, they invited me to get a visa.
Inna Said:
I live in the Bryansk region. Temporary asylum ends on 07/05/2017 (3 years since I have been in the Russian Federation, with a young daughter, she went to school here) I still haven’t officially found a job, what about RVP if documents are not accepted without employment? I myself was born and graduated from high school in the Russian Federation (Bryansk region), I want to issue a temporary residence permit, I can’t get it, help anyone who is faced with the same problem!
Yura Said:
Money is money so you know who and where .. after all, there is money and they are chasing you like a boy, because they also offered to leave the country and Ukrainian troops at home, there is a possibility that I won’t return, and it’s like I live in Magadan and it’s 10,500 km one way and this is finances and time and no one cares about you in the FMS no one explains anything and to get into the office you have to sit in line with the brotherly people of Uzbekistan for a couple of days like this fussing even before the new year, then he lowered his hands and everyone was terribly tired of these documents, and you also have to live, work and notify your income only when to do all this ????
Katya Said:
Tell me, in which region in 2017 can you still get temporary asylum? I wanted to go to Krasnodar to visit distant relatives, but there, as I understand it, they no longer give a VU (
