Previous parts:
You usually find out about the most interesting events by chance. It happened the day before. On one of the sites they told about an unusual exhibition that was held at the State Aviation Museum. I was there a year ago, in 2013. Then I was there too. This time the exhibition lasted only three days, from 13 to 15 June. Fortunately, I managed to visit on the last day of work.
Interesting shows are not so often to be missed. Many auto shows have been canceled this year. Therefore, neither a cool summer day (!) With the likelihood of rain, nor a cold, nor a disgusting mood prevented the trip. Moreover, I was still going to Kiev (to visit the Children's Railway).
1. Airfield fire truck based on the MAZ-7310 Uragan or MAZ-543 rocket carrier. This exhibit was transferred on the first day of the show to the State Aviation Museum.
The exhibition of aerodrome special vehicles is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the KIEV international airport (ex - Zhulyany). It took place on the territory State Museum Aviation at the National Aviation University. The purpose of such an unusual exhibition is to acquaint visitors with the complex, important and invisible for ordinary citizens, special automobile and self-propelled equipment of the ground airfield service. These are tank-tankers, oil-tankers, starting units, loaders, self-propelled ladders, tractors, apron buses. And also cars of civilian services - firefighters, cleaning (watering, sweeping, snow removal). There are many legendary cars among them. For example, this is a firefighter MAZ.
The exhibition promised to be interesting. And in order not to walk alone, I invited tavalex2007.
We come to the checkout and here is a shock! Somewhere I found information that tickets for 30 hryvnia. And then, bam, prices!
2. Ticket 50 hryvnia. Plus - 10 UAH. for photography. Plus - the road is 2x10 UAH (minibuses have risen in price a week ago). And there were no superfluous ones with me. I thought that an expensive excursion would work out. The money may not be enough not only for the second point of the trip; but there was also the prospect of walking home.
A friend said that since they came not to return, did they? Scratching on the bottom of the barrel is kind of back to back, but there should be enough money.
Now I looked at last year's reports from the Aviation Museum. Tickets were also 50 UAH. Already felt better.
3. Aerodrome equipment is located at the exhibition area of \u200b\u200bthe museum, near the runway.
There weren't many people in the morning. So it was okay to take pictures.
A friend was at the Aviation Museum for the first time. Therefore, at first we walked a little between airplanes and helicopters. I've already seen the museum. The exposition has changed a bit: identical helicopters were removed, and some of them were restored.
4. At the entrance to the exhibition there are two self-propelled gangways "Giraffe". Identical, so I'll show you one.
How did you find out the name?
5. Here's a pass! (The museum workers could have covered up with pieces of paper.) Some cars even had numbers. Therefore, I retouched them in the photographs.
Explanatory notes were attached in different, unpredictable places. So some of the cars had to be identified on the Internet. Or by coupons.
As for the exhibits: the main attention was paid to cars (trucks). It is good that the exhibition consisted mainly of automotive technology. All kinds of self-propelled units, tractors, electric cars and other pepelatsy photographed insofar as.
First, about the uninteresting (although as anyone) - ladders, trailers, autocars, tractors, sweeping-cleaning micromobiles. What can be called cars is difficult.
6. Airfield sweeper DE-224 (based on the uniaxial (!) Scraper MoAZ-546P).
Produced in 1975-1979. A total of 20 such machines were built.
By the way, this thing has two engines!
7. Ladders.
8. Self-propelled gangway by JBT AeroTech. I don’t know what the model is.
9. Carts-trailers.
10. Self-propelled luggage ladder.
11. A funny micromobile. ATK tractor for towing trailer carts.
12. Nilfisk RS 502 vacuum sweeper
13. Untitled electric cargo car.
Some of the tarantoes were among the trucks. Like this "tube" Soviet snow blower.
14. Snow loader KO-206. Soviet schoolchildren remember this technique.
15. Another unknown tarantay, standing between the trucks, shocked. Where is her front, where is her backside?
On the one hand there is a diffuser nozzle. On the other - the front part of the Belarus tractor. You will not understand - road equipment, auto or tractor.
I still did not understand from which side to take a picture and what it was intended for. Apparently a snow blower.
16. There were also tractors. Snow-removing tractor T-701.
17. Tractor T-150K (left).
And now the fun part. Cars.
First - modern airfield special vehicles.
18. Composition "Aircraft maintenance".
19. Airfield tanker TZA-7,5 (based on MAZ-5334).
20. Fuel tanker is the second popular type of MAZ-5334 truck (after the dump truck).
21. Chevrolet Niva airfield escort vehicle.
The rooms were prudently painted over in the photo.
22.
23. Airfield tractor of Goldhofer AST-3 aircraft.
There are two versions of them. Which one - I don't know.
24. Deicer (anti-icing) EFI 2000 (on the chassis Volvo FE 240).
The machine is designed to clean the aircraft hull from snow and ice. There were already two of them at the exhibition.
25. Another deicer (anti-icing) EFI 2000 (on the Volvo FE 240 chassis).
26. Both EFI 2000 (on the Volvo FE 240 chassis).
27. Japanese deicer on the Isuzu FVR 900 chassis.
28. Universal heating, power supply and heating machine. Think it's on a TATA chassis?
29. Not guessing! It turns out that this is a Ukrainian clone - BAZ-T713.13.
I myself am surprised that TATs are produced under the BAZ brand.
Moving on to the old cars.
I show cars by model, not by types of equipment for their intended purpose.
30. Installation of air launching UVZ-4 (UAZ-452).
Terrible!
31. Tank for water transportation ATsPT-4.1 (130) (on the ZIL-130 chassis).
32. Autolift for the delivery of products on board the AL-3 (on the ZIL-130G chassis). (At least that's what it says.)
This is an extended version of the ZIL-130.
33. Harvesting and watering machine KO-829 (?) (On the chassis ZIL-130).
Although I can be wrong with the identification of the model.
34. Airfield launcher APA-35 / 30-130 (ZIL-130).
Another ZIL-130. But what a!
35. Apron bus APPA-4 + tractor ZIL-130V1.
36. The kids insolently climb onto the truck. Where do parents only look?
37. Adults are also interested.
38. You can even go to the salon.
I was surprised! I thought there were no seats in the apron buses.
Moving on to other brands.
39. Airfield fire truck AA-60 (MAZ-7310 "Uragan" (or MAZ-543))
Four-axle 8x4. A fire truck based on a rocket carrier.
40. These do not go on ordinary roads. But known to many from childhood from a picture from the Soviet aBC book.
41. oO! There are still round lights behind.
42. AA-60 fire truck based on MAZ-7310 Uragan chassis.
And this is modern technology again.
43. Airfield sweeper ASV-4000 (MAZ-5434).
44. In fact, this is a road-sweeping road train.
Two MAZ harvesting brothers.
45. Watering and cleaning machine on MAZ-5337 chassis.
The model name is unknown.
46. \u200b\u200bSand spreading machine based on MAZ-5337. MDK is written on a piece of paper, but the full name of the model cannot be seen in the photo.
47. Oil tanker MZ-66 (GAZ-66).
48. Airfield launcher APA-80 (ZIL-131).
49. It seems, too, the ZIL-131 launcher.
50. Machine for heating aircraft UMP-350-131 (ZIL-131).
51. Airfield launcher APA-100 (on the chassis URAL-4320).
52. Auger snowplow "Amkodor-9531" on the chassis of the long-nosed Ural-4320.
Roof headlights. Motor in the back (there is no engine under the hood!).
A unique parade of airfield equipment was held at Domodedovo airport, timed to the day air fleet Russia. For the first time, a wide variety of cars that ensure the functioning of the airport passed through the festive column. Without these machines, planes would not fly.
There are more than 200 different cars in the airport's specialized equipment park, the most interesting of which were presented at the parade.
2. The water arch, with which the technique is greeted, is a sign of special honor. This is usually the way to greet planes of new airlines that open new routes. This time, the water arch was awarded to real hard workers, toilers of the airfield. 
3. The first car is rightfully driven by an escort car with an inscription Follow me on the scoreboard. 
4. I recently published a big report about these cars. But for the most curious, I will publish short descriptions of all types of technology. 
Escort vehicles aircraft (ВС) "follow me car" are used to ensure the safe leading of the aircraft according to a given route. Arrangement and taxiing of aircraft on the apron of Moscow Domodedovo Airport is carried out according to pre-approved routes. There are currently 12 Skoda Fabia escort vehicles in the Domodedovo airport's special equipment park.
This technique differs from a conventional passenger car in a special color and LED display. Each vehicle is provided with two radio stations (aviation and intra-airport range), a set of equipment that controls an information board (for giving visual commands to the crew of the leading aircraft), a navigation equipment unit and flashing beacons. Cars cover several hundred kilometers per day.
The aircraft is escorted by a vehicle in the following cases: at the request of the crew; with visibility less than 400 meters; at night time; in the absence of visibility of the markings; when escorting aircraft of foreign airlines and in some other cases.
5. Self-propelled ladder with electric motor TLD Green BBS-580. 
Self-propelled ladders TLD Green BBS-580 were purchased as part of the air harbor program for the transition to the use of ground equipment and special equipment on electric traction. Currently, 18 such vehicles are used at Domodedovo.
A number of modern solutions are used in the design of TLD Green self-propelled ladders, such as high-performance batteries that allow it to be operated without recharging during a standard work shift, and special safety sensors that block the movement of the ladder while passengers are on it. For the comfort of air travelers, bright LED lighting is provided, as well as a special anti-slip coating of the steps.
The gangway, which consists of two telescopically connected sections, is capable of serving all types of modern aircraft with a passenger deck height from 2.2 to 5.9 meters. The mechanisms of the self-propelled gangway can withstand a load of up to 5,920 kg (about 70 people can be on it at the same time), which makes it possible to increase the speed of boarding and disembarking passengers. The new machines are equipped with a reliable electric drive and a special hydraulic system that ensures the stability of the ladder and smooth adjustment of the ladder in height. Special equipment can be operated without interruption in complex climatic conditions in winter.
In total, today the park of aerodrome equipment at Moscow Domodedovo Airport has 73 passenger ramps of various modifications, among which more than half of the vehicles are equipped with electric motors. Taking care of environment, the air harbor plans to continue the program of expanding the park of "green" technology and the introduction of the most modern environmentally friendly technologies.
6. Aerodrome tractor SCHOPF F396С. There is also about him. 
Aerodrome tractors are the strongest workers in the airport. Domodedovo employs 22 trucks, including two SCHOPF F396C heavyweights. This small-looking machine can tow aircraft with a maximum take-off weight of up to 600 tons, including the world's largest passenger airliner. The operating weight of the SCHOPF F396C ranges from 45 to 70 tons. Engine power 300 kW (408 hp), four-wheel drive and automatic transmission. To facilitate the operator's work, the SCHOPF F396C cab is equipped with air conditioning and parking sensors with a rear view camera, and to improve the driver's view, the tractor cab can be raised or lowered.
Also used are SCHOPF F59 tractors - versatile four-wheel drive airfield tractors designed for military and civil aircraft with a maximum take-off weight of up to 70 tons. An optional tilting cabin provides excellent visibility when working at the airport and in hangars. Domodedovo has 15 such tractors.
7. Catering autolift. These cars deliver catering to the plane and more. 
Catering truck Malaghan CT8000
Food and various consumables such as paper, napkins, air fresheners, etc. are delivered on board with the help of autolifts. The main difference of this car is the double scissors lifting mechanism with a range of serviced heights from 3 to 8.4 meters. This is almost three meters higher than that of other mechanisms of a similar purpose. Only with the help of these autolifts is it possible to deliver the necessary cargo to the height of the second deck of the Airbus A380. Today there are two similar elevators in Domodedovo.
Malaghan CT6000
This type of vehicle is equipped with a lifting mechanism with a range of serviced heights from 1.4 to 5.6 meters. Thus, the autolift can easily service aircraft such as the CRJ-100. The minimum service height for this equipment is 1.4 meters, which is almost a meter lower than that of other machines of a similar purpose. Avtolif serves such aircraft as: Boeing-737, Boeing-777, Airbus A310, etc. Domodedovo Airport has two small catering autolifts.
8. Apron bus. ... 
Apron bus Neoplan Vision Neoplan Airliner
Buses are equipped with ramps for passengers traveling in wheelchairs. Unusually, the exhaust gases are discharged in the opposite direction when the doors are opened. The “smart bus” is equipped with a special system that allows the driver to control the embarkation and disembarkation of passengers without the participation of additional personnel. To do this, the driver only needs to move his hand over the touch screen installed outside next to the door. The system will not allow the door to be closed in the presence of any obstacles, and also blocks the movement of the bus if at least one door is open or not closed completely. The new Neoplan buses are equipped with a climate system that creates comfortable conditions for passengers, especially in the summer. The dimensions of the cabin (3 meters wide and over 14 meters long) made this model more comfortable and spacious for travelers. For passengers with disabilities an automatic ramp is installed.
The design of apron buses is futuristic: the wheels are “hidden” under the side “skirt” so that they are almost invisible. This design solution gives the impression that the bus is "hovering" over the platform. There are 34 such buses in service at the airport.
9.r, aircraft anti-icing machine. I dedicated a couple of reports to these unique machines and even posted them from the deisser's cabin. 
This is the most "high-altitude" aerodrome equipment of Domodedovo. The specially designed boom can lift the operator's cab more than 15 meters above the ground and the spray nozzle more than 23 meters. This enables The Elephant® Beta-15 DeIcer to be used to service the largest aircraft types. The machine is equipped with an illuminating lamp (it is located at the end of the manipulator), which allows the aircraft to be processed at night.
The hydraulic system of the machine is very flexible and mobile, it is designed so that it is possible to conveniently and quickly handle the aircraft surface both horizontally and vertically. The duration of de-icing depends on factors such as the type of aircraft and the degree of ice on the side. The average de-icing time is 5-7 minutes.
10. Tractor for baggage delivery. 
Domodedovo airport uses two types of luggage delivery trucks Toyota 02-TD25 and Still R07-25.
The Toyota 02-TD25 tractor presented at the parade is designed to deliver baggage on the apron. With a length of three meters and a height of about 2 meters, this vehicle can simultaneously tow a load weighing up to 25 tons. Currently, there are 22 such tractors at the airport.
In addition, there are 19 Still R07-25 electric tractors at the airport, which are designed to transport goods in the baggage sorting area.
11. Self-propelled belt conveyor. 
On this moment 10 self-propelled belt conveyors are in operation at Moscow Domodedovo Airport. In the near future, the park will be replenished with 9 more units of such equipment. Self-propelled belt conveyors are used to transport baggage, cargo and mail. They are capable of servicing all types of modern aircraft with a luggage compartment height of up to 4.3 meters. The mechanisms of a self-propelled belt conveyor when unloading baggage, cargo and mail can withstand a total belt load of up to 1000 kg. The belt speed reaches 30m / min, which allows for loading and unloading operations at high speeds.
In addition to these machines, Domodedovo's fleet of special equipment has 35 more trailed belt conveyors.
12. Fuel tankers TZA-45 Mercedes Actros 2032 and TZA-18 Mercedes Aхor-1828. Want to know 
Today, Domodedovo airport operates 31 units of refueling equipment: refueling trucks and refueling units. This technique is capable of providing fuel to any type of domestic and foreign aircraft. The air harbor's refueling fleet allows refueling about 470 aircraft per day with conditioned aviation fuel.
The tankers available at the Domodedovo airport were specially designed by the order of the air harbor. Most of the cars are based on Mercedes-Benz.
The air harbor has tankers with a capacity of 18 to 60 cubic meters. A car with a capacity of 45 cubic meters and a low-profile tanker with a capacity of 18 cubic meters and more, which refuel medium-haul aircraft such as Airbus A319 and Airbus A320 into the wings without the use of additional devices, is presented at the parade.
Domodedovo airport regularly updates and replenishes the fleet of tankers and refueling units. All purchased refueling facilities are designed using engines of the ecological standard EURO-4.
14. Equipment for cleaning the runway (runway) and apron. 
Shmidt TJS-630
The TJS-630 trailed plow and brush machine is the most powerful and dimensional equipment. It is designed to remove snow from runways and taxiways (taxiways). For a period of 15 to 30 minutes, a detachment of 16 vehicles line up, overlaps the runway to the full width and completely clears the runway in one pass.
The compact Schmidt CJS-914 plow and brush blower is in no way inferior to trailed equipment in its capabilities and also allows cleaning of artificial airfield surfaces from snow and debris. Its main difference from the trailed one is that all the equipment is installed on the basis of the tractor and allows you to work on the apron in limited areas and between aircraft stands. Due to its dimensions, this machine is one of the most effective means of maintaining an airfield.
The airport's aerodrome service is armed with 6 CJS-914 units. The maximum speed of the vehicle during cleaning can reach over
50 km / h.
15. Valtra tractors 
The equipment is used to clean the runway and all adjacent areas of the airfield. Due to their technical features, tractors are effectively used for quick ice breaking in winter and for leveling dirt access roads in summer. In addition, the machines have a special certificate of conformity, which allows for aerodrome cleaning work on the runway.
At the request of the airport, some of the Valtra N121 machines were equipped with front-end loaders designed to collect snow and gravel. All tractor models available at the airport are equipped with reliable AGCO Power engines and operate with a small turning radius, which is of great importance when working in tight spaces.
Domodedovo uses 16 Valtra tractors.
16. Machine for measuring the coefficient of adhesion. I wrote about her in a report 
To measure the coefficient of adhesion, a special mechanism is used - the trailed trolley ASFT T-5 Trailer CFME.
The principle of measuring the coefficient of adhesion is based on electromechanical braking of the measuring wheel, which allows maintaining the specified percentage of slippage regardless of the state of the airfield (the presence of ice, snow, water, dirt, etc. on the surface). Thus, the imitation of the braking mode of the chassis of any type of aircraft occurs.
The airport has three such cars at its disposal.
17. After the passage of special equipment, fire trucks joined it. 
18. Special equipment lined up on the platform. Here you could get to know these amazing machines better. 
19. Airport staff answered all questions and demonstrated the capabilities of the equipment. 
20. There is something to be surprised, especially if you see this technique for the first time. 
22. Work of catering autolift. 
23. The most spectacular exhibit is the deiser. 
24. Wing treatment. 
25. It was possible to get on board the plane, where everyone was met by Natalia and Ekaterina. 
26. One could even look into the Airbus cockpit and meet the pilot. 
Andrey has been in the sky for 25 years. Almost ten of them are in Siberia Airlines. Before that, he was a military pilot, flew the Il-76.
27. I think that no one will be upset if I end my report on special equipment with photographs of the flight attendants. 
28. Happy flight! And remember, in order for your plane to take off, a couple of hundred cars must work around the clock at the airfield. Thanks to those who fly in the sky and those who help to fly on the ground! 
Many thanks to the press service of Domodedovo airport for organizing the parade and the materials provided. I would also like to thank the employees of Siberia Airlines for their most active participation.
And once again I congratulate everyone on the holiday. Happy Air Fleet Day!
Subscribe to the magazine ! There are many interesting things ahead.
Also I am
As we already wrote, on April 12, 13 and 14, another spotting took place at Domodedovo airport. We bring to your attention a short photo report, but not about airplanes, although they, of course, will be in the frame, but about ground workers - equipment that provides the opportunity to fly safely for airplanes and for you and me.
Welcome to Domodedovo airport!
Passengers get to the plane either through a boarding bridge or take an airport bus. Such buses cannot be found in cities, they work at airports.
The buses have a very low seating position and are very roomy. There are not many seats in them, since the ride is very short - from the airport to the plane. There are flashers on the roofs, like most special vehicles.
Buses take passengers directly to the plane. In order to get on board the plane or go down from there to the bus, a ladder is used.
The ladder is also a machine. A ladder on wheels.
But, of course, not only buses and ladders approach the planes. The plane needs to be filled with fuel, water, oxygen.
You need to bring and load passengers' luggage to the plane.
The small truck-tractor looks unusual, but there is something attractive and memorable about it.
Of course, it is more convenient to carry your luggage in containers. This speeds up the loading and unloading process and ensures better luggage safety. This is most often done.
Luggage is lifted into the cargo hold using conveyors.
Sometimes cargo is lifted aboard small aircraft using a hoist, which is a cabin that can be lifted up several meters: 
If the plane is loaded, all passengers are seated in their seats, then it is necessary to carry out anti-icing preparation. There are special machines for this.
The plane is ready for flight. Now you can go to the runway. Sometimes the assistance of the tractor is required, especially if the plane needs to back up a little.
The trucks are squat and very powerful.
Such a tractor can tow huge planes. I would like to compare tractors with workaholic ants, who haul cargo several dozen times heavier than themselves.
The cargo modification of the "humped" Boeing 747-400F weighs 180 tons, the maximum take-off weight is almost 400 tons.
The runways and the entire airfield are regularly cleaned and washed. In any weather and at any time of the year, the coating must be kept in perfect condition.
From the side, each of these cars looks like this:
To the runway and from the runway to the place of disembarkation of passengers, the plane is accompanied by small nimble cars. An example can be seen at the beginning of the report.
At first glance, these are ordinary cars. But take a closer look, they don't have the usual license plates. That's right, these cars don't go outside the airport.
When the escort cars are not busy, they return to the parking lot, but are ready to leave at any time.
That's it, the plane can take off and fly along its route.
And nearby, in readiness number one, a car is on duty, which is ready to break off on an emergency call. It's a fire engine, but not the kind that goes around town.
The main difference is very powerful water cannons, the water from which flies out several tens of meters with an aimed jet. 
Of course, not all types of transport serving the airport are presented in the report. But it’s time for us to go home, so we say goodbye to the airport and go to the parking lot. From there the usual minibuses will take us.
See you soon, Domodedovo!
Small aircraft, ultralight aircraft, private aviation - these are all terms of one concept. All of them denote aircraft that are similar in weight, power, engine type and passenger capacity to cars. Small aviation is primarily a one- or two-seater aircraft, a light helicopter for 4 passengers, and an autogyro can be attributed to this category. The main task of this category of transport is the personal transportation of a person.
What is small aircraft?
Private aviation is taking over the world. The usual aluminum in the frame of the aircraft was replaced by composites of high-tech carbon materials. Small aircraft are made of carbon film, which is somewhat reminiscent of polyethylene, by rolling the film in many layers. Ultimately, sheathing aircraft something like a cocoon. The aircraft becomes much lighter, which allows for significant savings in fuel, and this, in turn, greatly reduces the cost of transportation.
About 90% of all aircraft on the ground work in small aircraft, almost all of them are classified as flights of small aircraft. For example, about 250 thousand private aviation vehicles are used in the United States. For them, 5400 runways, hangars, and much more are specially allocated. The total annual income from such aircraft is about $ 50 billion.
Some European countries (Ireland, England and Germany) make it possible, after obtaining a private pilot's document, after a while, if desired, he can also pilot the liner. A lot of programmers, teachers, doctors and others are just line pilots.
Small aircraft in Russia
In Russia, the term "private aviation" is not defined by GOST, but at the same time, it is taken into account that aircraft with a thrust of up to 500 kgf can be considered small aircraft. In this case, the number of passengers should not exceed 19 people. As for helicopters, their kgf performance, for small aircraft, is in the range of 500-4500 kgf, and drones can have a thrust of up to 8600 kgf. For convenience, many small businesses prefer private flights and private jet travel.
Aircraft
The most popular private aircraft in the Russian Federation are the Yak-52 and L-29. The cost of flights as a passenger is $ 150 and $ 400-600 per flight hour, respectively.
The Yak-52 is a training aircraft, a monoplane with an aerial low wing. The length of the aircraft is approximately 7.7 meters, the wingspan is approximately 10 meters. The weight of the empty aircraft is 1000 kg, and the loaded weight is up to 1200 kg. The plane is two-seater.
The L-29 is also a trainer, with a crew of two, a wingspan and a length of about 10 meters. The empty weight of the L-29 is 2200 kg.
Today Cessna 172 and Yak-18 are popular. The cost of the Cessna 172 at the moment is about 1,500,000 rubles, and the Yak-18 will cost 2,200,000 rubles.
Helicopter
In addition to airplanes, you can also pamper yourself with an American-made Robinson helicopter, but this will cost 600-700 thousand dollars, and the Mi-34 - 400 thousand dollars. The ultralight aircraft "Sigma", Russian-made, which has quite good quality and economy, now costs about 55,000 euros, but if you need a six-seat Eclipse aircraft to transport business partners or just a sightseeing flight, then you will have to pay no less $ 1.6 million, excluding fuel.
Autogyro
The gyroplane is a lightweight platform for transportation, which, with a weight of only 40 kg, is capable of speeds up to 180-200 km / h due to the power of up to 140 hp. Speed \u200b\u200bis provided by a lightweight water-cooled ROTAX 793 motor. The device looks like a helicopter, it has a closed cockpit, and the aircraft itself can be modified, as an option - an engine change. Autogyros take off from a run of 10-50 meters. Due to the carrying rotor, the lift is quite significant and, unlike a helicopter, the propeller is directed against the movement, taking the role of a wing with a positive angle of attack. There are several options for a screw engine, but the diameter of the screw will not depend on this, the engine will simply affect the carrying capacity. This compact device can land everywhere in Russia due to its small size, and the cost of the device is such that even a not rich person can buy it.
Paralets and Hangers
The paralet and the deltaplane are roughly similar designs, the main part where the pilot and the engine are located, and both aircraft have the same trolley welded from pipes, with an installed pilot's seat and wheels, a motor and controls attached to it. An air propeller is attached to the motor, which moves the entire structure in the air. The frame itself in flight rests either on a semi-rigid deltoid wing, which consists of a frame of duralumin tubes covered with an airtight material, or on a frameless wing - a parachute. A paralet and a hang-glider are constructively elementary flight devices. The peculiarity of these aircraft is easy disassembly, packaging and small volume in the folded state, as well as low weight, making them picky about the runway surfaces, storage and maintenance. In fact, an ordinary garage will be enough for the maintenance and storage of paralets and hangs.
Today, many design bureaus are working in the field of ultralight aviation. In Russia there is a whole base and already prepared to promote the introduction and development of small aircraft in the country. This base was created on the basis of the Samara Aerospace University. SSAU graduates have formed an advanced aviation industry in the Samara region - the Aerosamar Design Bureau, (the former student aircraft design bureau of the SKB LA SSAU), they create and assemble unique aircraft at their own production.
Aircraft design
To design an aircraft, you must obtain a permit and a license to operate the aircraft. The cost of paperwork costs about 1 million rubles, in addition, you will have to wait from a month to a year for the full registration of the permit. The certificate is issued after passing all that is not there for 2-5 years. After that, the vessel should be re-registered again, going through the registration again.
In the USA, for example, a helicopter can be issued in 2-3 days, without further re-issuance.
Flying with private vehicles
Modern flights in Russia
At the moment it is possible to avoid traffic jams in Moscow by ordering your own small plane. Formally, there are no restrictions for registration of a personal aircraft in any aviation organization for civilians. At the moment in the Russian Federation there is no opportunity to buy an aircraft, as in a car dealership, but all this can be done through intermediaries. Domestic aircraft are not expensive, but they are inferior in quality and reliability to foreign technology. Best planes in Russia for private transportation - these are A-33, L-42, LA-8 and Su-31. Due to the high cost of certification.
The next important question is: how can you get the necessary quality service and maintenance at the airport?
The infrastructure in Russia is still poorly developed, it is much inferior to world standards. The personnel crisis in aviation, the small number of training grounds, the lack of the necessary additional spare parts and the weakness of DOSAAF have a bad effect on the development of private aviation.
Flights to EU and USA
In Europe and the United States, light or small aircraft is perceived as commonplace as car crossings. You get a license, a license, undergo a technical inspection, check gasoline, buy a card and you can fly on business, or just like that, for recreation. Before departure, it is necessary to inform the pilot of the meteorological situation, make an entry in the logbook of the aerodrome from which the departure is made, record and inform the destination, after which you can safely fly.
In Europe and the USA, flights are becoming more and more accessible, the number of flights is growing, along with this, interest in the business in which investors are investing is growing. The main customers of small aircraft are middle class people, not just the upper strata of the population. The annual turnover of the United States with small aircraft alone is about 80% of all air travel.
Small aviation in Europe and the United States is the training of professional aviation couriers. The aviation history of each person is erased and not preserved at all, and besides, no one pays any taxes for flights. If we take, for example, Lithuania and Belarus, then these countries have recently moved to the European level of small aircraft. Thanks to European standards, private aviation there began to develop at full speed.
It is believed that a pilot experimental project of a progressive legal framework and low-level aviation nodes is needed, which will implement the possibility of developing small aircraft in Russian Federation, at least in several large cities.
How they fly in the EU
One of the special schools in Ireland, which was organized by businessmen, has 6 employees. This school trains the theoretical and practical base of aviation flights. Some of the people can learn to fly using the Internet or purchased special books, especially if they have completed high-quality training in college. The theoretical training system is almost the same as in the Physicotechnical Institute. Freedom on the road, rigidity of requirements and exams will give you the opportunity to discover the sky after passing the exams.
Private, elite flight training schools in the United States train both line pilots and airliner pilots that are used to carry cargo and passengers on Airbus or Boeing. Becoming a line pilot is now pretty easy. Having received a document certifying a person as a private pilot, it is possible to fly "hours" for personal purposes and then get the opportunity to increase your flight time to 200 hours. After passing the exams, there is always the opportunity to take the right to work as an instructor in an aviation club.
From now on, you no longer need to spend your own money on training and flying hours. If an interested pilot has flown 500 hours, he may even become a commercial pilot. If you wish, you can pass exams for piloting aircraft with a large crew and become the second pilot of an airliner. All this can be easily achieved by combining any profession with air travel and moving in parallel along two career ladders. Dozens and hundreds of doctors, programmers, scientists and teachers have the opportunity to operate small or even large aircraft, businessmen or diplomats, however, often prefer private flights on small planes and helicopters.
The realities of flying on small aircraft in the Russian Federation, training ordinary citizens to fly an aircraft
Illusory lightness. The flight, only for acquaintance, with the instructor, within 20-30 minutes, which includes only basic information, costs at least 5000 rubles. You can save on your first flight using special coupons or promotions. The student will not be given the steering wheel immediately, at least what the instructor will allow him is to hold the steering wheel in his hands. Many people want to experience this feeling a second time. This is why the client gets excited and wants to continue training again in order to learn how to fly the plane himself. Those who are addicted to flying have to pay a lot, especially at the stage of flight training.
Amateur aviation is not a cheap pleasure. At the nearby Moscow airfields, they charge at least 8-10 thousand rubles per hour of flight. In most aviation clubs the cost of an hour of flight depends on many factors, for example, the model of the aircraft, the flight over the entire period of operation, and so on. The cost of the flight is reduced if you pay immediately for several hours of flight time.
Small video of pilot training civil aviation, it is no different, except for the type of aircraft, from the training of pilots of small aircraft.
For example, in "ChelAvia", where they fly only on Italian Tecnam planes, the cost of a flight hour when paid for the entire practice (42 hours) is about 8-9 thousand rubles, but with a payment of 10 hours or more - 9 thousand rubles in an hour. No one will let a recruit into the sky, including with an instructor, even for an hour. The maximum flight time for a beginner is about an hour, and the cost of the flight is calculated by the minute.
A beginner can sit at the helm of an aircraft only after 15 hours of flight with an instructor - these are the rules. In fact, this can happen much later, due to the client's poor learning ability. An independent flight of a trainee is allowed only a year after the start of training, when the instructor is confident in the knowledge and skills of his student. Learning to drive a car in a driving school takes about the same amount of time.
Without an amateur pilot's license, flying is allowed only along routes or over an airfield. On the routes, flights are allowed only when accompanied by an instructor - again, a similar example with driving a car. To become a full-fledged pilot, it is necessary to complete training, pass an exam and obtain a PPL pilot certificate. The main thing in training is the theoretical part, knowledge of aerodynamics, aviation meteorology, aircraft design, radio exchange and the subject of aviation. The total cost of the course in Moscow is about 300,000 rubles. In addition, you can experience vertical takeoff, both by plane and by helicopter. By itself, a helicopter eats a lot of fuel, at least 50 liters per hour, which is 5 times more than light aircraft. For this reason, the cost of training even on light and economical helicopters can reach a million rubles and more. If we compare the cost of a flight on a light aircraft and a helicopter, then, for example, in Aviamarket they charge 23,000 rubles per hour of flight, but the training course lasts 42 hours of flight time, like in other aircraft. After completing the training course, a private pilot certificate is issued.
The peak of popularity of small aircraft falls on 2003-2004, then the wave of interest disappeared a little, and now there is a new trend in flights with small aircraft. If in Europe air space emphasized very strictly, then in Russia you can fly just for fun, for a hobby, away from air corridors and air bases. The average speed of an ordinary, simple, helicopter, which can be taken after training, is up to 200 km / h, and the horizontal speed of small biplanes is 200-250 km / h, with fuel consumption 5 times lower.
It is easier to fly an airplane than a helicopter due to the lesser influence of air currents. Helicopters are more suitable for private small transportation, and planes are used more often for entertainment, of course, if it concerns small aviation technologyrather than a cargo liner. In the countries of the European Union and the United States, a whole culture of entertainment has developed on the basis of ultralight aircraft. The leader among aerobatics competitions is the Red Bull Air Race, which is held at various venues around the world.
What are twin-engine piston aircraft used for? Close to the truth is the opinion that the task of the second engine is to increase the useful take-off weight, take a larger supply of fuel, and also balance the torque from the first engine. What is the difference between single-engine and twin-engine? Which Twins is the best and what is on the market in Russia?
Recently, interest in twin-engine airplanes in small aircraft has been heating up, everyone is waiting for a full-fledged replacement for Cheburashkas and Corners with the help of our Russian left-handers. On the other hand, world-renowned samples of aviation technology fly to our market from abroad. What to choose and for what purposes? The objectives can be basically three: for education, for recreation and entertainment, and for commercial transport.
Are two motors better than one? What's the Difference?
Flight safety issue
Aviation safety comes first. Statistics say that compared to single-engine, twin-engine breakdowns occur more often on each plane, but slightly less often in terms of the number of flight hours. As a rule, twin-engined aircraft are more likely to have landing gear problems, and single-engined aircraft are more likely to have engine problems. Twin-engine planes look better for suspicious passengers who know that if one engine fails, the plane will continue flying on the other engine.
The safety requirements for singles and twins do not fundamentally differ: the crew in the air must work harmoniously, as one team, and clearly follow the work instructions. Special attention should be paid to preventive maintenance and repair: inspecting the used engine oil during replacement will help maintain the strength of the engine frame and the specified parameters of its operation. Careful inspection of the landing gear flap mechanism ensures long life for the landing gear. Well, "the basis of flying is sleep and nutrition."
Machine reliability
In theory, a complex machine like the Piper Seneca should have a lot more problems than a simpler aircraft like the Cessna 182. Twins has so many complex systems that need to be tested. Sometimes at the annual inspection in the states, pilots are amazed at how complex their machines are.
Author of the article "Do you really want a Gemini?" Mike Butch, owner of the Cessna 310, is very positive about his swallow: “Everything works almost all the time like clockwork, and there are almost no unscheduled technical repairs.
The author attributes the secret of reliability to uncompromising attention to prevention: constant monitoring of the first signs of corrosion, wear and leakage of fuel, oil or exhaust gases, changes in meter readings, or anything that does not look like usual.
When purchasing an aircraft, it is necessary to immediately determine the purpose of use - whether the aircraft will be mainly used for personal flights and training, or whether it is purchased for business use. Based on this, a calculation of operating costs and a business plan are displayed. If the plane is purchased only for yourself, the costs are significant. So what are they made of?
First of all, these are direct operating costs. These include the cost of fuel, oil and maintenance (50 hours and 100 hours). The cost of maintenance does not depend on the number of motors, but depends on the manufacturer and brand. It can range from 250 to 350 euros per hour. When choosing and buying an aircraft, one should also take into account the fact that the nearest service point for a particular model may be in Europe.
Obviously, a twin-engine aircraft uses twice as much fuel as a single-engine aircraft. The cost of aviation gasoline in the best case (self-pickup) is 112,000 per ton. Consumption, for example, for the Cessna T310 is 110-115 liters per hour. For a single-engine, it will be two times lower.
All other fixed costs are roughly comparable. But, the cost of insurance will depend on the cost of the aircraft itself, and twin-engined engines are usually more expensive. Don't forget taxes. On twin-engine aircraft, if they are registered in Russia, taxes are higher. Of course, an aircraft can be registered under the flag of any offshore zone, but is it worth it? It is much more difficult to obtain a flight permit. Variable costs will only change if they are related to engine repair or maintenance. For two motors it will cost twice as much as for one.
Pilot training will be slightly more expensive. Insurance companies require twin-engined pilots to be driven by more experienced pilots.
But, for commercial use in any case, it is better to purchase a twin-engine aircraft. It will be much more in demand by passengers due to the confidence of passengers in its greater reliability. And therefore, the payback point will be reached much earlier.
So, the table below shows the approximate cost (running costs):
TOP 10 light twin-engine aircraft
1. Piper Seneca V PA34
The best Twins are recognized masterpieces of the global aviation industry. Seneca is the benchmark for quality and appearance. The aircraft is a model of reliability, deserved by time, and the dream of many aviators around the world.
Now on the case, if we talk about consumer properties, then: weakly pulls on one engine, the front pillar is fond of airfields with unpaved surfaces. In addition, when fully refueled (1530 km), the payload is only 120 kg (2 pilots and 4 passengers), so you have to choose between load and range. As for speed qualities, the cruising speed is 348 km / h, which is quite suitable for commercial transportation.
2. Be-76 Duchess "Summer jeans" - all America grew up in them
The popularity of this model is mainly due to its prevalence in American flight schools. The training plane should bring income to its owner, be relatively cheap and have control that is sufficiently resistant to the fussy actions of cadets. Initially, the plane was planned as a training desk and could not compete with other monsters on the market due to the lack of attributes such as speed and grace. Cost of ownership and adaptability to training are the main advantages of this machine.
3. Beechcraft G58 Baron "Airplane - picture"
Not everyone knows, but the situation is close to the truth: the American market for twin-engine light aircraft is practically divided in half. The two main aircraft on the market are the Seneca and the Baron. Seneca is more reliable than Baron, but in appearance many people prefer the Baron: "the airplane from the picture." But everyone has their own tastes and they don't argue about it.
The aircraft is 4-seater, has a rather narrow cockpit, but at the same time has a magnificent luxury interior. The most powerful motors in the class (300 horses) provide high cruising speed. Fuel is enough with two passengers for 1600 - 1800 km, with four - up to 1100 km.
4. Cessna T310R "Best choice for the middle class"
Avweb.com resident editor Mike Butch, in an article on the operation of twins, describes his experience of operating this twin-engine aircraft in this way: it works like a clock, just do not forget about maintenance. Cessna lives up to its name, as always: the best aircraft for the middle class. Many experienced pilots who have taken place believe that this aircraft ranks first among aircraft of this class in terms of reliability. Cessna always strives not to leave its customer indifferent. Max. takeoff weight 2494 kg, 725 kg.
5. Trotter
A new generation of Russian regional small aircraft. New tendencies, the old design aviation school. The aircraft is designed to carry 10 people over a distance of 2000 km at a cruising speed of 250 - 400 km / h. The long-awaited project - the niche of local air transportation is empty, and there is a need for passenger and cargo transportation over short distances. Besides, this model can be a training desk in flight centers.
6. L-410 "Cheburashka"
An old friend is better than two new ones - this proverb is, by the way, suitable for a short description of "Cheburashka". A reliable car, but does not forgive piloting mistakes. It is especially worth noting the need to carry out all routine maintenance on time. The new modification of the L-410 UVP-E20 has a more sensitive control and those who are accustomed to the Soviet aviation industry should think twice before deciding to sit at the helm
7. Morava L-200D "Undervalued"
Interesting aircraft, produced in 60-70 years. Cruising speed at a decent level (270-290 km / h). The car is interesting in that it is still used as a pleasure aircraft in Europe. It is very reliable and unpretentious: you can refuel almost any gasoline, sit down and take off from unpaved platforms, perform some aerobatics, all-weather, it is possible, if one engine fails, to turn up to 15 °. A distinctive feature of this machine is that it is practically safe to fly on it, if you have the necessary skills, the machine forgives many of the pilot's shortcomings.
8. The amphibious aircraft "Flying boat" L-42
Russian four-seater amphibious aircraft, not bad option fly fishing in the neighboring area, and also swim and relax with friends. If your dream goes further and you want to become a commercial pilot, it is not a bad option to get a pilot's license.
As for the rest of the consumer qualities, it has a cruising speed of 230 km / h, a payload of up to 200 kg, good stability in flight, and, in general, a reliable car.
9.EV-55 Outback
Another masterpiece of Czech design thought: the machine is designed for operation on short, unpaved take-off and landing sites and at mountain airfields (landing distance). EV-55 Outback is a cargo and passenger aircraft for operation on local routes with a flight range of 2200 km, it was designed in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) with a number of passengers from 9 to 14 people (plus a crew of 2 people).
A great car to replace outdated models in its segment of the market, it is much better to get a commercial pilot's license on new equipment than on old ones.
10. Tecnam P2006T
A high-quality aircraft, oriented towards modern market conditions in Russia, the ability to use 95 gasoline and a beautiful appearance... The car is quite whimsical to control and requires proper treatment. In order to master this type and to protect yourself in flight, follow the flight mission, fly without courage, and love flying. Those who want to ride are bribed by operating costs, they are comparable to flying on a simulator.
