The Let L 410 "Turbolet" is a versatile nineteen-seater twin-engine aircraft for regional airlines. The aircraft with reduced take-off and landing properties (UVP in the name L410 UVPE20 means the Russian abbreviation "Shortened take-off and landing") was developed by the Let design bureau of the plant. It was intended for use on grassy, \u200b\u200bunpaved, unprepared snow sites, as well as at airports with short lanes. Manufactured to date at the Czech factory Let. Other names: Turbolet, Let, L410, Let L410, conversational names - Elka, Cheburashka.
History of production and creation
Aircraft design began in 1966. For the first time, an experimental aircraft equipped with a Pratt & Whitney PT6A27 (2x715hp) theater was tested on 04/16/1969. Regular use of L410A aircraft was opened by the first Czechoslovakian aviation company Slov Air (Bratislava) at the end of 1971, which served the local aviation lines - by the beginning of 1974 it had acquired twelve aircraft. A total of 31 aircraft were built. 5 aircraft (number 72010306 and number 720201) L410A with PT6A27 engines, built under the name L410AS by 1972, were transferred to the Soviet Union in 1973. The aircraft received registration Soviet numbers USSR67251 - USSR67255. The first of them was brought to the airfield by Frantisek Svinka, a Czech test pilot. The airfield people immediately called the pretty plane "Cheburashka".
In 1973, flight tests of the L410M aircraft, equipped with the Czech theater of operations Walter M601A, began. The L410M became the second production version of the Turbolet. Until the end of 1978 for the Ministry civil aviation The Soviet Union received one hundred L410M / MU aircraft.
In 1979, the production of an improved modification L410UVP began, which became the main production model. This aircraft differed from the previous versions by a longer fuselage, large vertical tail and wing sizes, the use of spoilers and a HPT Walter M601V (2x730hp). This aircraft passed the certification program in the USSR and was taken into use by Aeroflot. Further development there was a L410UVPE version with more powerful TVDM601E. The first flight of such an aircraft took place on 12/30/1984. It has improved takeoff and landing characteristics and reduced noise level in the cockpit. In 1986 he was certified in the Soviet Union. A modification of the L420 with powerful TVDM601 ° F (2x778hp), a larger take-off weight (6.8t) and improved flight properties was developed (flight tests of the aircraft started in 1993).
By the beginning of 1992, 750 L410 aircraft remained in the Soviet Union.
It is used in military and civilian flight schools for the preliminary training of future pilots of military transport and long-range aviation.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the CMEA in the 1990s, the demand for L410 aircraft fell, and the rate of their production decreased more than ten times (from 50 aircraft per year to two to five). The situation has improved significantly since 2008, when 51% of the shares of Let Kunovice (Aircraft Industries) were bought by the Russian company Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company. The production rate in 2010-2012 was eight to ten aircraft per year. It is planned to increase the annual production rate to 16-18 aircraft.
In 2013, a modification of the L410 UVPE20 was produced, equipped with analog or digital avionics (optional), a TCAS system, and an autopilot. L410 UVPE20 is ARMAK type certified.
OJSC Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company in September 2013 acquired a 49 percent stake in LetKunovice (Aircraft Industries). Thus, UMMC became the sole owner of Aircraft Indistries, increasing its shareholding to 100 percent.
The aerodynamic design is a twin-engine turboprop high-wing aircraft with a single-fin tail.
L410 UVP-E20 Specifications:
Length: 14.487m.
Height: 5.83m.
Wingspan: 19.478m.
Wing area: 34.86sqm
Flight range: 1500 km.
Maximum speed: 395 km / h.
Ceiling: 8000m.
Number of passenger seats: 19 seats.
Crew: 2 people.
Motor type: 2 × TVD GEH80200
Takeoff power: 2 × 800hp
Propeller type: 2 × AVIA AV725.
Number of blades on the propeller: 5.
Propeller diameter: 2.3m.
Empty aircraft weight: 4050kg.
Maximum take-off weight: 6600kg.
Fuel mass in main tanks: 1000kg.
Fuel weight in end tanks: 300kg.
L-410 UVP-E20 is a versatile Czech-made twin-engine aircraft for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. It is intended for operation on unprepared unpaved, grassy, \u200b\u200bsnowy areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an off-road aircraft.
The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, L-410 was also delivered to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself a part of the Russian aircraft industry: the grounds for this were laid during its development and with a long history of operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are in operation in the world.
Aircraft Industries production site in Kunovice, Czech Republic. Aircraft Industries, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company manufactures an aircraft in a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design office and an airport.
Shop for the production of parts of the fuselage L-410. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing its production - the light-green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year. About 80% of aircraft are delivered to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.
Production of parts on a CNC milling center of the French company Creneau:
Cleaning parts before forming:
Punching press:
Production of a wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center. In production, duralumin of Russian production is used. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.
Front wing assembly:
Checking the quality of the riveting on the airplane wing:
About 185,000 rivets of various types and sizes are used for one L-410 aircraft:
Riveting works in the middle of the fuselage:
Installation of floor panels:
Rear fuselage production:
Production of an air intake part for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for boeing aircraft 787.
Aircraft assembly conveyor L-410 UVP-E20. It is located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610. In one half of the building there are two lines for the production of new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a workshop for servicing aircraft coming out of service:
At the same time, there are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop. At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing to be shipped to customers. Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1150 aircraft of the L-410 family. More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.
Finishing process luggage compartment aircraft in the bow after completion of the installation of electrical equipment:
Assembling the emergency exit door:
The nose of the aircraft with the serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible. Forward luggage compartment doors open:
Installation of avionics in the cockpit. The avionics traditionally includes devices from Russian manufacturers:
Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin:
Installing wiring harnesses:
The five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with the GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It has been installed since January 2013 on all new aircraft and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR IAC.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of their own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant. The average age of the company's employees is 44 years:
Works on the GE H-80 engine, given by a representative of the company from Prague:
The stage of final assembly takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of the production, as within its framework motors, chassis and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight tests takes a little less than a year.
Cockpit of the aircraft L-410 UVP-E20. The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight, and has an advanced ground proximity warning system (GPWS) and air collisions (TCAS II). L 410 is designed in metric system (not inches), which is an exception in western aviation:
This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation program for training pilots at the Sasovskiy Civil Aviation Flight School (Ryazan Region).
Pre-flight preparation. Stanislav Sklenarzh - chief test pilot of the plant:
View of the river under the wing of the plane. Moravu and Uherski Ostrog:
Aircraft L-410 UVP-E20 for French Guiana. Planes for exotic countries often have bright, memorable coloring:
Leaving with a bend. Service ceiling - 8,000 meters:
Approach to the runway. The L-410 aircraft can land both on a hard-surfaced strip and on grass, ground and snow. UVP in the name of the aircraft means the Russian abbreviation "Shortened Takeoff and Landing", which also reminds of the Russian roots of the aircraft:
Castle Novy Svetlov (1480), Bojkovice:
The medieval Gothic castle Buchlov (XIII century) is located 10 km from the town of Kunovice. Buchlov Castle is one of the most beautiful castles in South Moravia - the southeastern region of the Czech Republic:
Velehrad Monastery (XIII century) - one of the main pilgrimage temples in the Czech Republic. In 863 - 866. Christian saints Cyril and Methodius lived and preached in Velehrad:
A prototype of the L-610M aircraft in Staraya Mesto, installed for viewing at the entrance to the city:
Aircraft L 410 - produced in Czechoslovakia, is a small passenger aircraft. It was developed back in 1966, and in 1969 the first test sample rose into the sky. Through many modifications and upgrades, the aircraft received excellent specifications for its time. Let 410 quickly gained popularity and appeared on almost all continents.
The advantages of the L 410 then included: ease and maneuverability, the ability to land on the ground, comfort and increased carrying capacity.
general information
The model was in great demand in the Soviet Union, but with its collapse, and the collapse of the socialist camp as a whole, L 410 was under threat of production closure. The situation was saved by the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, which bought half the shares of the manufacturer's plant and is investing in the modernization of the aircraft.
The most common version of the aircraft is the L410UVP, which means “shortened runway”. There are about 400 copies of this model in the world. different countries the world. The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation plans to widely use the aircraft for domestic passenger transportation... Compared to the An-2, it had greater safety and comfort. Changing to a Czech model was very prestigious.
Having considered the modification of the L-410UVP, we note that there is the possibility of landing on short runways, and not only with asphalt, but also with unpaved surface. The aircraft operated quite well on the African continent, under conditions of landing on unpaved roads or fields. The chassis is not as strong as that of the Soviet AN-2, but with its two engines it can be safely operated in any terrain where single-engine aircraft crash.
L 410 was also widely used as a simulator for cadets of military transport aviation schools of the USSR. In particular, this applies to the Balashov Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots, abbreviated as BVVAUL, located in Saratov region... It was on this machine that the cadets made their first flights.
Aircraft characteristics
The L 410 has a tricycle landing gear with a nose strut. The complete assembly cycle is carried out by a Czech company. More specifically, there is a production line for all stages of aircraft construction.
The production version of the L 410 is equipped with 2 turboprop engines of the GE H80-200 brand.
The maximum flight range is about 1500 km, and the duration is no more than 5 hours. The liner has a capacity of 19 people, not counting the two crew members.
- Length - 14.42 meters;
- Wingspan - 20 meters;
- Aircraft height - 5.83 meters;
- Unladen weight - 4 tons;
- Maximum speed - 335 km / h;
- Tank capacity - 1680 liters;
- The width of the cabin is 1.9 meters.
Fuel consumption
Another major advantage is the aircraft's fuel consumption, which is only 250 to 280 liters per hour.
Security Let 410
The L-410 cannot boast of reliability - out of 1100 aircraft, almost 10% crashed, more than 400 people became victims. However, this is due to the fact that for almost half a century of existence, the aircraft was operated in the most merciless manner. If we talk about the modern model, it is more secure due to the latest technical solutions (autopilot, navigation system, collision avoidance system). The engines are also heavily modified.
L410 crash in Khabarovsk Territory
On November 15, 2017, an L410 aircraft with 5 passengers and 2 crew members crashed in the Khabarovsk Territory. As a result of the crash of the liner, 6 people died, only a child of about 4 years old managed to escape. An investigation was organized in which this moment two versions of what happened are being worked out - equipment failure and piloting error. The weather conditions were favorable. So far, the investigation is leaning towards refusal of equipment, since the crew fought to the end for the plane. A representative of the manufacturer also joined the inspection.
The cost of the aircraft L 410
The cost of the Let 410 in the latest modification reaches 2.4 million euros per unit. However, there are often private advertisements for the sale of this aircraft. The price tag on the secondary aircraft market reaches about $ 1 million per copy, depending on age, flight time and condition.
L-410 UVP-E20 is a versatile Czech-made twin-engine aircraft for local airlines, accommodating 19 passengers. It is intended for operation on unprepared unpaved, grassy, \u200b\u200bsnowy areas, as well as on airfields with short runways (about 600-700 meters), which, in fact, makes it an off-road aircraft.
The first flight of the L-410 was made on April 16, 1969. The main customer of the aircraft was the Soviet Union. In addition, L-410 was also delivered to Bulgaria, Brazil, Hungary, East Germany, Libya, Poland. Despite the fact that the plant is located in the Czech Republic, it considers itself a part of the Russian aircraft industry: the grounds for this were laid during its development and during its long-term operation. As of 2012, more than 400 L-410 aircraft are operated in the world.
Aircraft Industries production site in Kunovice, Czech Republic. Aircraft Industries, better known under the Let Kunovice brand, is located 300 km from Prague. The plant employs 920 people.
The company manufactures an aircraft in a full production cycle - it has its own lines for surface treatment of materials, paint and varnish production, a machine shop, assembly shops, a design office and an airport.
Shop for the production of parts of the fuselage L-410. The enterprise is expanding and modernizing its production - the light-green equipment is intended for the production of a new generation of the L-410 NG (New Generation) aircraft.
The plant's production capacity is 16-18 new aircraft per year. About 80% of aircraft are delivered to Russia. Over the past four years, 35 aircraft have been delivered to Russia.
Production of parts on a CNC milling center of the French company Creneau:
Cleaning parts before forming:
Punching press:
Production of a wing spar on a 5-axis CNC milling center. In production, duralumin of Russian production is used. The total share of components from Russia in the L-410 aircraft is about 15% - this is a legacy of the fact that the aircraft was developed by order of the USSR and with the participation of Soviet designers.
Front wing assembly:
Checking the quality of the riveting on the airplane wing:
About 185,000 rivets of various types and sizes are used for one L-410 aircraft:
Riveting works in the middle of the fuselage:
Installation of floor panels:
Rear fuselage production:
Production of an air intake part for the CASA CN-235 aircraft within the framework of industrial cooperation.
The plant also cooperates with Boeing for the Boeing 787.
Assembly conveyor for L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It is located in one of the newest buildings of the plant, originally designed for the production of L-610. In one half of the building there are two lines for the production of new L-410 aircraft, in the second half there is a workshop for servicing aircraft coming out of service:
At the same time, there are about 10 aircraft in the assembly shop. The fuselage, wing, end tanks and tail unit come to the beginning of the line from the paint shop. At the end of the line are aircraft undergoing flight tests and preparing to be shipped to customers. Over the entire history of its existence, the plant has produced over 1150 aircraft of the L-410 family. More than 850 of them were delivered to operators in the USSR.
The process of finishing the aircraft luggage compartment in the bow after the completion of the installation of electrical equipment:
Assembling the emergency exit door:
The nose of the aircraft with the serial number 2915. The weather radar antenna is visible. Forward luggage compartment doors open:
Installation of avionics in the cockpit. The avionics traditionally includes devices from Russian manufacturers:
Installation of electrical equipment in the aircraft cabin:
Installing wiring harnesses:
The five-blade AV-725 propellers (Avia Propeller) together with the GE H80-200 engine make up the new power plant of the L-410 UVP-E20 aircraft. It has been installed since January 2013 on all new aircraft and is certified by EASA and the Russian AR IAC.
Young people in production are not uncommon, also due to the presence of their own vocational technical school on the territory of the plant. The average age of the company's employees is 44 years:
Works on the GE H-80 engine, given by a representative of the company from Prague:
The stage of final assembly takes about 5 months - this is the most expensive part of the production, as within its framework motors, chassis and all avionics are installed on the aircraft, where each individual unit can cost 100-250 thousand euros.
The total duration of the aircraft production cycle from the production of the first fuselage components to the end of flight tests takes a little less than a year.
Cockpit of the aircraft L-410 UVP-E20. The aircraft is fully equipped for instrument flight, and has an advanced ground proximity warning system (GPWS) and air collisions (TCAS II). L 410 is designed in metric system (not inches), which is an exception in western aviation:
This type of aircraft has been used for many years as a graduation program for training pilots at the Sasovskiy Civil Aviation Flight School (Ryazan Region).
L-410 (photos below) is one of the passenger aircraft models developed by the Czechoslovak company Let. The airliner is designed to carry people, cargo and mail over short distances. In its category, it surpasses many analogues in a number of indicators and is considered one of the best.
Short story
Design work, named L-410, began in 1966 in the Czechoslovak city of Kunovice. Three years later, an experimental model of the model rose into the sky. Then it was equipped with Pratt & Whitney PT6A-27 engines. Over the next several years, the designers significantly modified and improved the aircraft. The key innovation was the new Czech Walter M601 motors, which were specially developed for it at the airline's plant in 1973. Later, the company's engineers created a number of modifications of the L-410 aircraft. The model quickly became popular, and some of its copies appeared on all continents.
In the early nineties of the last century, a real crisis began for the company: there were practically no orders for new liners. The situation changed dramatically only in 2008, when 51 percent of its shares were acquired by the Russian company UMMC (five years later, it bought out the rest). The new owners of the plant managed to significantly expand the portfolio of orders and make the model really in demand on the market. As a result, during this time, several dozen copies of the line were built and sold to various customers from Ukraine, Brazil, Bulgaria and Slovakia. A significant share of them went to domestic consumers.
Now in the world there are just over 400 aircraft of this line of various modifications. According to experts' calculations, only for the Russian market the demand for these airliners today is about one hundred copies. Work on the modernization of the model is not finished at the present time. As for the cost of the L-410, the price of the aircraft starts at 2.4 million euros.
General description and characteristics
It was based on the aerodynamic design of a cantilever high-wing aircraft. The model has a semi-monocoque circular fuselage and an all-metal structure. The aircraft is equipped with a tricycle retractable landing gear with a nose strut. As for the wings, they are straight and trapezoidal in plan. The model is assembled by a Czech company in a full cycle. In other words, there are lines for the production and assembly of all elements and assemblies, from surface treatment of materials to testing at our own airport.
The serial version of the airliner, which is very popular in our time, is equipped with two turboprop power plants GE H80-200. The maximum flight range of the model is just over 1.5 thousand kilometers, while the longest flight duration is about five hours. The aircraft is capable of simultaneously carrying 19 passengers on board, excluding the crew members.
Key benefits
Now a few words about the main advantages that the Let L-410 airliner can boast of. Reviews of experts in this area indicate that the main one can be called the lowest operating costs in the entire category. In addition, the aircraft is reliable and durable even in extreme conditions. The engines of the model are distinguished by unique traction characteristics that are maintained at a fairly low pressure and high temperature. Among other things, this aircraft has the most spacious cabin in its category, roomy luggage compartment and excellent parameters in terms of safety, which allows providing passengers with a high level of comfort. It should also be noted that the equipment used here is very variable for the installation of additional options. Thanks to its unique chassis, the vessel is capable of taking off and landing even on short, grassy and damp strips.
Exploitation
Currently, the L-410 model is successfully operated in more than fifty states located on five continents. During the entire production period of the aircraft, a total of about 1,100 copies of it were collected. It is most popular in the countries of the former Soviet Union. As of today, the Czech aircraft plant produces the UVP E20 modification, which is considered the most modern and advanced in the line.
Often, Let L-410 aircraft are operated by airlines that provide air taxi services. In addition, the model is very popular in many world government agencies. It should also be noted that the manufacturing plant always provides its customers with all the necessary service support in a timely manner. The aircraft is also available in amphibious, ambulatory, medical, cargo and executive versions.
The cabin volume of the L-410 is 632 cubic feet. Thanks to this, even in its standard version, passengers are provided with a fairly high level of comfort. At the same time, one cannot fail to note the fact that often its interior is being finalized and additionally equipped for further use in the form of a corporate or private jet, which has everything you need for rest and work.
Flights in extreme conditions
As noted above, the L-410 aircraft can be operated quite successfully and safely even in difficult weather conditions. According to the technical data sheet, this airliner is designed to operate at temperatures ranging from -50 to +50 degrees. Thus, thanks to the unique design and heavy-duty fuselage, the model is actively used both in the scorching heat of the African and Latin American deserts, and in the coldest corners of the planet.
Certification
The L-410 aircraft has been certified and received the corresponding type certificates in many states, including Czech Republic, Russia, Germany, Argentina, Philippines, Australia, Brazil and others. After the establishment of the European Aviation Safety Agency, the model received an EASA certificate, which applies to all In addition, the operation of this aircraft is allowed in many other states of the planet.
