Which of the Balearic islands is listed in unesco. Unesco heritage sites in spain. Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzin, Granada, Andalusia

UNESCO World Heritage Sites are places of special cultural or natural significance. In total, there are 44 such objects in Spain, of which 39 are cultural, 3 are natural, and another 2 are mixed.

It is worth noting that only a few of them are described here, since there is simply not enough space to describe all such significant monuments. So let's take a look at some uNESCO heritage sites in Spain.

The heart of the historic center of Cordoba is the Cordoba Cathedral Mosque -
catholic church built in the 7th century, converted into a mosque after the conquest of Cordoba by the Moors in the 8th century and converted back into a church in the 13th century after the return of Cordoba by the Christians. During the reign of Cordoba by the Moors, there were about 300 mosques in Cordoba, and its architecture was compared with Constantinople, Baghdad and Damascus.

Burgos Cathedral

This Gothic cathedral was built between the 13th and 16th century. The national hero of Spain, the famous El Cid, is buried here.

Works by Antoni Gaudí, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bCatalonia

Gaudí's architectural style is usually described with the term "modernism", but it is a very peculiar modernism. Originally, Park Guell, Palau Guell and Casa Mila were added to the World Heritage List, and in 2005 Casa Vicens, one of the façades of the Sagrada Familia, Casa Batlo and the Colonia Guell chapel were added to the list.

Altamira Cave and Paleolithic Art in Northern Spain

The Altamira Cave contains images of the Upper Paleolithic era from 35,000 to 11,000 BC. A total of seventeen caves are included in the list. The drawings are well preserved due to the isolation of the caves from climatic changes.

The old town of Segovia and its aqueduct

The Roman aqueduct in Segovia was built in the 1st century AD, the medieval Alcazar in the 11th century, and the cathedral in the 16th.

Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of Asturias

The Kingdom of Asturias remained the only Christian region in Spain in the 9th century. A special style of pre-Romanesque architecture was formed here, in which churches and other historical buildings of that time were built. Initially, only Asturian churches were included in the World Heritage List, but later others were also included. historical monuments as, for example, La Foncalada - an ancient fountain of drinking water.

Old town of Santiago de Compostela

The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela is considered the burial place of St. Jacob, it is also the end point of the pilgrimage of the Way of Saint Jacob, which traverses northern Spain. Old city was destroyed by Muslims in the 10th century and rebuilt in the 11th century.

Vila old town, Castile and Leon

The defensive wall surrounding the old city was built in the 11th century. With its 82 semi-circular towers and 9 gates, it is one of the best preserved defensive walls in Spain.

Mudejar architecture of Aragon

The list includes ten buildings built between the 12th and 17th centuries in the Mudejar style, a mixture of traditional Islamic and modern European architecture.

Historic center of Toledo

Toledo was founded by the Romans, was the capital of the Visigoth Kingdom, was an important city in Islamic Spain during the Reconquista, and at one time was even the capital of Spain. The architecture of the city has Christian, Islamic and Jewish influences.

Garajonay National Park, La Gomera, Canary Islands

The territory of the national park is 70% covered with laurel forests - vegetation characteristic of the Tertiary period and disappeared in Europe due to climate change, although such forests once covered the entire territory of southern Europe.

Old town of Caceres, Extremadura

The architecture of the old city can be traced to the influence of Roman, Muslim, North-Gothic and Renaissance architecture. There are thirty well-preserved towers of the Moorish style.

Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzin, Granada, Andalusia

These three sites are the result of Muslim ownership of southern Spain.
The Alhambra Fortress and the Generalife's Palace were built by the rulers of the Emirate of Granada. The Albayzin area of \u200b\u200bGranada contains outstanding examples of characteristic Moorish architecture.

Cathedral, Alcazar and Archives of the Indies, Seville, Spain

Alcazar is royal Palace, built during the reign of Seville by the Moorish dynasty of the Almohads. The Cafderal Cathedral was built in the 15th century and is where Ferdinand III and Christopher Columbus are buried. The Archives contains documents detailing the colonization of America.

Salamanca old town

Salamanca has a reputation as a student city, as the local university was founded in 1218 and is the oldest in Spain and one of the oldest in Europe. The city was first conquered by the Carthaginians in the 3rd century and later under the control of the Romans and Moors. The city center of Salamanca is a mixture of Romanesque, Gothic, Moorish, Renaissance and Baroque architecture.

Poblet Monastery, Vimbody, Catalonia

The monastery was founded by the Cistercians in 1151 and is one of the oldest in Spain. It was the seat of many of the medieval royal families of Spain, especially the kings of Aragon. Here are buried the monarchs of Aragon - Alfonso II, Joan I, Joan II, Jacob I, Ferdinan I and Pere IV.

Archaeological ensemble of Merida

Merida was founded in 25 BC and was the capital of the province of Lusitania. From the Roman era, an aqueduct, bridge, amphitheater, theater, circus and forum have remained here.

Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe, Extremadura

The monastery houses a shrine to Our Lady of Guadalupe, discovered in the 13th century after it was buried by Muslims in 714. The monastery and shrine served as an important symbol during the reconquest, which ended in 1492. The shrine was also a symbol of the conversion of American Indians to Christianity.

Way of Saint James

This pilgrimage route runs from the French-Spanish border to cathedral Santiago de Compostela, where according to legend the apostle James is buried.

The historic city of Cuenca

The Moors built a fortified city in the 8th century. In the 12th century, it was captured by Christians. The Cathedral of Cuenca is the first Gothic cathedral in all of Spain. The city is also famous for its houses hanging from the rocks.

Valencia Silk Exchange

The Silk Exchange is a group of Gothic buildings in the center of Valencia, highlighting its power and wealth during the Middle Ages.

Palace of Catalan Music and Hospital Sant Pau, Barcelona

Both buildings were built in the early 20th century by Lewis Domenech y Montaner in the art nouveau style that was very common in Barcelona at the time.

El Escorial Monastery, Autonomous Community of Madrid

El Escorial is one of the historic residences of the Spanish royal family. The palace was designed by King Felipe II and architect Juan Batista de Toledo. The main idea of \u200b\u200bEl Escorial is to designate central place Spain in Christendom.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites are an excellent guide when planning your itinerary. Preparing for a trip to northern Spain, we took the list of UNESCO cultural heritage sites and chose such places to see both nature and cultural sites. (List at the end of the article).

Once we racked our brains: how to build a route around the country, if there is so much of everything and everything is so tasty, and we want not to miss the important, and at the same time not walk the well-worn tourist paths.

In the end, we drew conclusions:
If you want to see the country - choose the UNESCO World Heritage Sites - you can't go wrong. The goal of UNESCO is to make known and protect objects that are unique in their kind. We decided not to look for a street or a pretty cafe - there are many of them in any city, but there are unique cultural or natural objects that have already been listed and known. These are the ones worth spending time on in preparation.

Sagrada Familia in Barcelona. Sagrada Familia

In addition, such UNESCO-protected sites can be viewed on Google Street View maps. “Walking” through the objects without leaving your home, you can immediately decide whether you want to visit there, see with your own eyes a cathedral, square, palace, monastery, cave, or find something more interesting.

Park Guella in Barcelona

Of course, the sites included in the UNESCO list are crowded places. There are many tourists. But, in our opinion - it's worth it!

Cathedral in Burgos

Besides cultural monuments, are under the protection of UNESCO and natural objects... Here tourists are dispersed (along the river valley, canyon or national park you do not seem like a crowd) and you can safely enjoy the beauty, silence, outlandish wonders of nature.

Alfaheria Palace. Representative of Mudejar architecture

We have included UNESCO natural sites and World Cultural Heritage sites in ours so that we can walk in cities and relax in nature.

Spain ranks third in Europe - there are 44 sites under the protection of UNESCO. He holds the first place. There are 48 such sites in Italy. UNESCO is constantly expanding the list and adding new unique sites.

Despite the fact that we were on the journey for 26 days and drove only 1800 km by car, we were able to see only 7 (?) World Cultural Heritage sites included in the UNESCO list of Spain.

We chose the northern part of Spain for the trip, but we could not stop visiting Madrid and Toledo. So the photos are not only of the northern part of Spain.

List of cultural and natural World Heritage sites protected by UNESCO. Spain:

The original list in Spanish can be viewed on the UNESCO website: http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/es

Historical and cultural heritage of Spain is rich and varied. The color of this country, its unique beauty inspired Picasso, Goya, Velazquez, Dali.

The influence of various peoples, religions and cultures, the border position between Europe and Africa, the isolation of the Mediterranean and the vastness of the Atlantic Ocean - all this is reflected in the majestic monuments and interesting traditions of Spain. Already in ancient times, Spain was a welcome prey for invaders - from the Phoenicians to the Romans. In the Middle Ages, most of the country was owned by the Arabs, who invaded here in the 8th century from North Africa. By the end of the 15th century, Christians had conquered Spain and reunited it. All generations of rulers have tried to achieve cultural unity, but the cultural traditions of Spain are variegated, as before. And some regions are still proud of their originality and independence.

Almost the entire country is one huge historical open-air museum, surrounded by a ring of beautiful sea shores and resort areas, many of which are considered the best in Europe.

The cultural heritage of Madrid distinguishes it from many cities in the world, thanks to an incredible number of artistic, architectural and historical sights.

ABOUT
the bottom of the main cultural attractions of the city is the Prado Museum, founded by Maria Isabella Braganza, the second wife of Ferdinand VII. In 1819 the museum was housed in the present building as the Royal Museum. The museum building was commissioned by King Charles III in 1785, designed by the architect Juan de Villanueva.

D
in other major museums in Madrid, the Reina Sofia Museum and the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, together with the Prado Museum, they form the so-called "golden triangle of arts". The first contains paintings of contemporary art. In particular, the Reina Sofia Museum houses the most famous painting by Pablo Picasso "Guernica", as well as the works of Salvador Dalia by Joan Miró. The Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum houses paintings from different eras, from the Renaissance to the works of the Impressionists, Surrealists and Cubists.

Also of interest is the collection of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando, which has 1,300 paintings, including works by Velazquez, Rubens and Goya.

IV. Organizing and conducting shopping tours in Madrid

In accordance with the individual goal of the practice: the organization of shopping tours in Madrid, the main locations for such tours were identified.

Z and shopping in Madrid is best done in summer. At this time, the sales season begins here. Shop windows begin to dazzle with bright inscriptions Rebajas (rebahas) - denoting seasonal discounts. And the excellent weather will accompany you during long walks through the numerous shops of the city.

Shopping in Madrid is concentrated in eight main areas: Salamanca, Arguelles, Fuencarral and Chueca, Gran Vía, Ourense and Asca, Preciados and Sol. Each area deserves special attention, it has its own personality and is not at all like the others.

Salamanca is the most fashionable area of \u200b\u200bMadrid. Salamanca's bright shop windows are full of a variety of prestigious brands. Here are concentrated boutiques of famous fashion houses, shops with exclusive clothing and footwear, antique salons, jewelry stores and elegant restaurants. The main shopping streets are Jorge Juan, Claudio Coelho, Goya, Serrano, Ortega y Gasset and Velazquez. Here you will find the famous boutiques of Armani, Versace, Adolfo Dominiguez, Antonio Pernas and many other famous fashion designers.

The Arguels region will offer you more affordable prices. It is close to the Egyptian temple of Debod and the green area of \u200b\u200bParque del Oeste. In this area, on both sides of Princesa Street, you will find many fashion boutiques. In addition, there is the Zara building and the huge El Corte Ingles department store. The endless area of \u200b\u200bthe department store houses hundreds of stores of famous European brands. For an affordable price, here you can buy clothes, accessories and shoes of such brands as Springfield, Zara, Mango, Pepe Jeans, Stradivarius, Massimo Dutti, and many others.

F huencarral and Chueca - an area in the center of Madrid. This iconic place is today the cultural and creative center of the modern youth of the capital. Here you can find hundreds of boutiques, brand shops, souvenir shops, restaurants and bars. In this area there is a market created as an alternative to shopping centers (Calle Fuencarral 45. Metro Fuencarral). More than 45 stores offer avant-garde clothing for every taste. The market constantly hosts unusual performances, film screenings and various performances.

Ourense and Asca is the business center of Madrid. There are many shopping centers and commercial stores around it. Most of the trade is concentrated on Concha Espina Avenue, Ourense Street, and Paseo de la Abana Boulevard. In this area, you can find various fashion boutiques and expensive clothing stores on every corner. It also houses the city's largest department store El Corte Inglés and two large commercial centers - Fashion Shopping and La Esquina del Bernabeu.

Gran Vía is one of the main arteries of the city. This street can be called the sister of American Broadway. Gran Via in Spanish means large or wide street. This street is home to stately buildings dating back to the early twentieth century, huge multiplex cinemas and many different shops and stalls. From Plaza de Espana to Callao, you can find rows of luxury shoe shops. Callao is home to rows of fashion boutiques, and there are also two large specialized stores - Madrid Rock and the book house La Cassa del Libro. There are many prestigious jewelry stores near Calle Alcala. Shopping in Madrid

P resiados and Sol is the tourist center of the city and the most visited part of Madrid. In this area, on Puerta del Sol, you can find the zero mark of all the roads in Spain. Even just walking along the crowded streets of Preciados and Sol will be a real pleasure. When shopping in this area, be sure that you will find anything here: clothing and footwear stores, fashion stores and boutiques, souvenirs, fabrics and electrical appliances, jewelry stores, boutiques with wedding dresses and accessories, restaurants, bars, commercial centers, etc. much more.

UNESCO World Heritage Site in Spain (44)
Cultural
Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzin, Granada (1984)

Alhambra, Generalife and Albaicín in the city of Granada
Towering over the present-day Lower Town, the Alhambra and Albacín, perched on two neighboring hills, form the medieval part of Granada. To the east of the fortress and residence of the Alhambra are magnificent gardens Generalife, the former suburban residence of the emirs who ruled this region of Spain in the 13th-14th centuries. The residential area of \u200b\u200bAlbacín is a rich repository of Moorish folk architecture, with which the traditional architecture of Andalusia is harmoniously combined.

Aranjuez cultural landscape (2001)

The cultural landscape of the Aranjuez palace and park ensemble
This cultural landscape, which housed a royal residence for 300 years, demonstrates a whole complex of interconnections: between nature and human activities, between meandering natural watercourses and geometrically planned parkland, between rural and urban environments, between a forest landscape and the elaborate architecture of palace buildings.

Archaeological site of Merida (1993)

Archaeological site in the city of Mérida
The ancient Roman colony of Augusta Emerita, now the city of Merida in Extremadura, was founded in 25 BC at the end of the Spanish campaign and was the capital of the province of Lusitania. Well-preserved remains ancient city include a large bridge over the Guadiana River, an amphitheater, a theater, a large arena and a unique water supply system. This is an excellent example of an ancient Roman provincial capital.

Archaeological Site of Tarraco (2000)

Archaeological site of Tarraco
The city of Tarraco (modern Tarragona) was the main administrative and shopping center in ancient Roman Spain and the center of the cult of the emperor for all the Iberian provinces. The city has been built up with many beautiful buildings, some of which have been discovered in a series of successful excavations. Although most of the finds are fragmentary, a large number of monuments have survived under later buildings. The finds give a clear idea of \u200b\u200bthe greatness of this capital of the ancient Roman province.

Archaeological sites of Atapuerca (2000)

Archaeological finds in the Atapuerca caves
The caves in the Sierra de Atapuerca contain rich fossil evidence of the earliest human presence in Europe, dating from about 1 million years ago and up to our era. They represent a unique source of information, the scientific study of which provides invaluable information about the appearance and way of life of our distant ancestors.

Burgos Cathedral (1984)

Cathedral of Burgos (Catedral de Burgos)
The Cathedral of Our Lady of Burgos was founded in the 13th century, simultaneously with the great cathedrals of Ile-de-France, and was completed in the 15th-16th centuries. The entire history of Gothic art is reflected in its beautiful architecture and a unique art collection, including paintings, carved choir benches, altar reliefs, tombstones and stained glass windows.

Catalan Romanesque church Val-de-Boy (2000)

Romanesque churches in Vall de Boí, Catalonia
Narrow, surrounded by steep mountains, the Val de Boi is located in the highlands of the Pyrenees, in the Alta Ribagorza region. Every village in this valley has a Romanesque church and is surrounded by a network of fenced fields. On the higher slopes, there are extensive seasonal pastures.

Cathedral, Alcazar and Archivo de Indias in Seville (1987)

Together, these three buildings (Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville)
make up a remarkable group of monuments located in the heart of Seville. The Cathedral and Alcazar date back to the period from the reconquest of 1248 to the 16th century and reflect the influence of the Moorish style, being an important testament to both the civilization of the Almohads and Christian Andalusia. The Giralda Minaret is a masterpiece of architecture from the time of the Almohads. It stands next to the five-nave cathedral, which is the largest Gothic building in Europe. Here is the sarcophagus of Christopher Columbus. Ancient Lonja (stock exchange) became the "Archive of the Indies" containing valuable documents from all the archives of the Spanish colonies in America.

Altamira Cave and Paleolithic Rock Art of Northern Spain (1985)

Altamira Cave (Cuevas de Altamira)
and rock art of the Paleolithic period in northern Spain
this new name was given to the site “Altamira Cave”, which was inscribed in 1985. Seventeen caves with rock carvings dating back to the Paleolithic period were added to the original site. This ensemble is the apogee of the rock visual arts the Paleolithic, which spread throughout Europe - from the Urals to the Iberian Peninsula - in the period from 35,000 to 11,000 BC. These caves are perfectly preserved due to their deep bedding, which protected them from climatic changes. The caves are included in the List as unique evidence of the creative being of primitive man and the existence of a cultural tradition. These are a kind of masterpieces of the first type of creative activity, fully mastered by man, contributing to a better understanding of an important period of human history.

Serra de Tramuntana Cultural Landscape (2011)

Serra de Tramuntana cultural landscape
is located on a steep ridge that runs parallel to the northwestern coast of the island of Mallorca. Millennia of agriculture with limited resources have transformed the area. Here a developed system of water management has developed, circulating along the borders of the former fiefdoms. The landscape is remarkable for its agricultural terraces and interconnected water supply system, including watermills, as well as dry stone structures and farms.

Mercury deposits in Spain and Slovenia (2012)

Idrija and Almaden (Almaden and Idrija), province: Ciudad Real - world heritage of mercury. They are one of the largest deposits of mercury in the world, which has been mined here from the time of the Roman Empire to the present day.
Over the entire period of operation of the mines, more than 250,000 tons of mercury have been extracted.

Historic Center of Cordoba (1984)

Historic center of the city of Córdoba
Cordoba's greatest heyday began in the 8th century, after the Muslim conquest, when around 300 mosques, innumerable palaces and public buildings were built, the city rivaled the splendor of Constantinople, Damascus and Baghdad. In the 13th century under Ferdinand III the Saint Big mosque Cordoba was turned into a cathedral, new defensive structures were erected, and above all the Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos and Torre Fortaleza de la Calahorra.

Historic City of Toledo (1986)

Historic center of Toledo
A successively ancient Roman settlement, the capital of the Visigoth kingdom, a fortress of the Emirate of Cordoba, an outpost of the Christian kingdoms in the struggle against the Moors, and in the 16th century - the temporary residence of the great power Charles V, Toledo is a repository of evidence of more than two thousand years of history. His masterpieces are a synthesis of a wide variety of cultures that developed under the influence of three world religions - Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

Fortified part of the city of Cuenca (1996)

The fortified part of the city of Cuenca (Ciudad histórica fortificada de Cuenca)
Founded by the Moors as a fortress in the heart of the Caliphate of Cordoba, Cuenca is a rare example of a well-preserved medieval fortified city. Conquered by the Castilians in the 12th century, it became a royal city and the center of a diocese, rich in important structures, such as the first Gothic cathedral in Spain and the famous “casas colgadas” (hanging houses), which really seem to be suspended on a steep cliff above the Huécar River. The advantageous location of the city is also manifested in the dominance of its fortress towers over the entire picturesque area.

Lonja de la Seda complex of buildings in Valencia (1996)

Complex of buildings Lonja de la Seda in Valencia (La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia)
Built between 1482 and 1533, this group of buildings was originally used for the silk trade (hence its name - Silk Exchange). Also, these buildings are a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture. The grandiose premises of the Sala de Contratacion (Hall of Transactions) most closely reflect the power and wealth of this large trading city in the Mediterranean during the 15th and 16th centuries.

Ancient gold mining area Las Medulas (1997)

Ancient gold mining area Las Médulas
In the 1st century. AD the authorities of the Roman Empire, using the hydraulic method, began to exploit gold deposits in the northwest of Spain. After 200 years, the Romans who worked on the deposits left, leaving the inclined adits on the slopes of the mountains, as well as the vast dumps now used for agricultural needs.

Architectural Ensemble of El Escorial (1984)

Architectural ensemble of Escurial
In plan, this monastery, built at the end of the 16th century in Castile, is exclusively beautiful place, resembles a grate-brazier, on which, according to legend, St. Lawrence was martyred. Its austere architecture, in contrast to previous styles, had a significant impact on Spanish architecture over the next half century. It was a refuge for the mystic king, and in last years reign of Philip II, it became the place from which political leadership was carried out for a significant part of the world.

Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of Asturias (1985)

Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of Asturias (Oviedo y del reino de Asturias)
In the ninth century, throughout the Iberian Peninsula, the heart of the Christian religion glimmered only in the tiny kingdom of Asturias. Proto-Romanesque formed here architectural style, which played a significant role in the development of religious architecture throughout the region. The highest manifestations of this style can be seen in the example of the churches of Santa Maria del Naranco, San Miguel de Lillo, Santa Cristina de Lena. , Camara Santa and San Julián de los Prados in and around the ancient capital city of Oviedo. Nearby is an outstanding modern hydrotechnical structure known as La Foncalada.

Mudejar Monuments in Aragon (1986)

Monuments of the Mudejar style in Aragon (Arquitectura mudéjar de Aragón)
The development of Mudejar art in Aragon in the 12th century was the result of the political, social and cultural conditions prevailing in Spain after the reconquest. This art, nourished by Islamic traditions, also reflected the influence of various contemporary European styles, primarily the Gothic. Existing until the early 17th century, this art is characterized by the extremely refined and inventive use of bricks and glazed tiles in architecture, especially in the construction of bell towers.

Old town in Salamanca (1988)

Old town in Salamanca (Salamanca)
This old university town northwest of Madrid was in the 3rd century BC. conquered by the Carthaginians. Then it was an ancient Roman settlement, and later, until the XI century, was ruled by the Moors. One of the oldest European universities, it flourished during the “golden age” of Salamanca. IN historic center the city is home to important monuments of the Romanesque and Moorish styles, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque. Especially impressive is the Plaza Mayor, with galleries and arcades.

The old city of Avila and churches outside its walls (1985)

The old town of городvila and churches outside its walls
Founded in the 11th century to protect Spanish territories from the Moors, this “city of saints and stones”, which is the birthplace of St. Teresa and the burial place of the Grand Inquisitor of Torquemada, has retained its harsh medieval appearance. The restraint of form can be seen both in the Gothic cathedral and in the fortifications with 82 semicircular towers and nine gates, which are the most complete in all of Spain.

Old Town in Caceres (1986)

Old town in Cáceres
The history of the city, which took place in the battles between the Moors and Christians, is reflected in its architecture, where a variety of styles are mixed - ancient Roman, Islamic, Northern Gothic and Italian Renaissance. Among the 30 towers that have survived from Muslim times, the most famous is the Torre del Bujaco tower.

Old Town in Segovia and Aqueduct (1985)

The old town of Segovia and the ancient Roman aqueduct
The ancient Roman aqueduct in Segovia, built around AD 50, is perfectly preserved. This impressive structure, with two tiers of arches, is an integral part of the beautiful historic city of Segovia. Other important monuments are the Alcazar, founded in the 11th century, and the Gothic cathedral from the 16th century.

Palace of Catalan Music and Hospital Sant Po in Barcelona (1997)

Palace of Catalan Music and Hospital Sant Pau in Barcelona (Palau de la Música Catalana y hospital de Sant Pau).
These two beautiful buildings in Barcelona were erected by the architect of the Catalan Art Nouveau (Art Nouveau) Luis Domenech y Montaner. The Palais des Music de Catalunya is a magnificent steel-framed building full of light and space, decorated by many famous artists of the time. San Po Hospital is also bold architectural solutions and finishing, but at the same time it is fully adapted to the needs of patients.

Palmeral - palm groves around the city of Elche (2000)

Palmeral Elche, a date palm landscape that includes an elaborate irrigation system, was formed by the end of the 10th century, i.e. at a time when the Arabs still dominated most of the Iberian Peninsula, and when the Muslim city of Elche was under construction. Palmeral is an oasis and agricultural production system in an arid climate. It is also a unique example of Arab farming technology in Europe. The cultivation of date palms in Elche has been known at least since the time of the Iberians, i.e. from about the 5th century BC

Poblet Monastery (1991)

Poblet monastery (Monasterio de Poblet)
This Cistercian monastery in Catalonia is one of the largest in Spain. In its center is a 12th century church. The austere, stately monastery, containing the fortified royal residence and the pantheon of the kings of Catalonia and Aragon, is a very impressive sight.

Paleolithic rock art of Siega Verde (1998)

Rock art of the Paleolithic era Ciega Verde (Valle del Côa, Siega Verde)
Inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1998, monuments of prehistoric rock art the Koa valleys represent a unique collection of rock paintings from the Upper Paleolithic period (22,000-10,000 BC). She is the most striking example illustrating the birth of human artistic creativity. The archaeological site of Ciega Verde, located in the Castilla e Leon region, complements this monument. There are 645 engravings carved on the walls of water-eroded caves. These prints are mostly symbolic and depict animals. However, some of them are also geometric shapes and schematic drawings. The prehistoric ensemble of rock art of the Coa Valley and Ciega Verde forms the most significant rock art of the Paleolithic period under open airlocated on the Iberian Peninsula.

Monumental Renaissance Ensembles in Ubeda and Baeza (2003)

Monumental ensembles of the Renaissance in the towns of beda and Baeza
The urban morphology of two small towns, Ubeda and Baeza, located in southern Spain, developed during the Moors in the 9th century and the Reconquista in the 13th century. The cities developed actively in the 16th century in accordance with the Renaissance style. These innovations were due to the arrival of new humanistic ideals from Italy to Spain, which later had a great influence on the architecture of Latin America.

Rock painting in the Mediterranean part of the Iberian Peninsula (1998)

Rock painting in the Mediterranean part of the Iberian Peninsula (Basin)
In the Mediterranean part of the Iberian Peninsula, a very large number of rock art objects dating back to the late prehistoric period are concentrated. The paintings, the style and content of which are recognized as unique, clearly and convincingly reflect the way of life of a person of that transitional era.

Roman Walls of the City of Lugo (2000)

Roman walls of the city of Lugo (Lugo)
These fortress walls were built at the end of the 3rd century to protect the ancient Roman city of Lucus. They survived intact along the entire perimeter, representing an excellent example of ancient Roman fortifications in Western Europe.

Road to Santiago de Compostela (1993)

The road to Santiago de Compostela
in 1987 it was declared the first European cultural route by the Council of Europe. The road begins from the Franco-Spanish border, was used and continues to be used by pilgrims. About 1.8 thousand historical buildings along the road, both religious and secular, are of great historical interest. The road played a decisive role in establishing cultural links between the Iberian Peninsula and the rest of Europe in the Middle Ages. It remains a testament to the strength of the Christian faith among people of all social strata throughout Europe.

Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe (1993)

Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe (Real Monasterio de Santa María de Guadalupe). The monastery clearly illustrates four centuries in the development of Spanish religious architecture. It is a symbol of two significant events in world history that took place in 1492: the reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula by Catholic kings and the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. The famous statuette of the Virgin Mary has become a significant symbol of the Christianization of much of the New World.

City of San Cristobal de la Laguna ( Canary Islands) (1999)

The city of San Cristóbal de la Laguna is located on
Canary Islands and has two centers: the older Upper townhaving a spontaneously formed layout; and the Lower City, the first ideal “city-territory”, organized according to certain scientific concepts. On its wide streets and squares, there are many beautiful churches, public and private buildings erected in the XVI-XVIII centuries.

Monasteries of San Millán in Yuso and in Suso (1997)

Monasteries of San Millán in Yuso and in Suso (San Millán de Yuso y de Suso).
The monastic community, founded by Saint Emilian in the middle of the 6th century, became a place of pilgrimage. A beautiful Romanesque church dedicated to this saint still stands in Suso. It was here that the first literary texts in the Castilian language were created, on the basis of which one of the most widespread in modern world languages \u200b\u200b- Spanish. At the beginning of the 16th century, the community received a lovely new monastery at Yuso, below the old complex; this monastery is still flourishing.

Santiago de Compostela (1985)

Old town in Santiago de Compostela
it famous place pilgrimages in northwest Spain became a symbol in the struggle of Spanish Christians against Islam. Destroyed by Muslims at the end of the 10th century, the city was completely rebuilt in the next century. With its buildings in a wide variety of styles (Romanesque, Gothic and Baroque), the Old Town of Santiago is considered one of the most beautiful urban areas in the world. The most ancient monuments are concentrated in the area of \u200b\u200bthe tomb of St. James and near the cathedral with the famous Portico de la Gloria (Portico of Glory).

Tower of Hercules (2009)

The Tower of Hercules (Torre de Hércules) is an active lighthouse in the northern part of the city of A Coruña (Galicia). Built during the Roman Empire, it is considered the oldest lighthouse in the world. The structure is 55 meters high and stands above the waters of the Betanzos Bay of the Atlantic Ocean.

University and Historic Precinct of Alcala de Henares (1998)

University and the historic city of Alcalá de Henares
Founded by Cardinal Jimenez de Cisneros in the early 16th century, Alcala de Henares was the world's first specially designed university town. She was the original model for Civitas Dei (City of the Lord), the ideal urban community that Spanish missionaries brought to America. It has also served as a model for universities in Europe and other parts of the world.

Bridge of Biscay (2006)

Bridge of Biscay (Puente de Vizcaya),
connects the banks of the Ibaizabal - the estuary of the Nervion River northwest of Bilbao. It was designed by the Basque architect Alberto de Palacio and was completed in 1893. The metal bridge, 45 meters high, with a span of 160 meters, was the first bridge in the world designed to move people and crews in a highly suspended gondola. The bridge became a model for many similar bridges in Europe, Africa and America, only a few of which have survived to this day in a very small number. Thanks to the pioneering use of lightweight twisted steel ropes, this bridge is recognized as one of the foremost metal architectural structures of the industrial revolution.

Works by Antoni Gaudi (1984)

Works by Antoni Gaudí (Barcelona and surroundings)
Four buildings built by the architect Antoni Gaudí (1852-1926) in and around Barcelona are an addition to his Parc Guell, Palacio Guell and Casa Milà in Barcelona, \u200b\u200binscribed on the World Heritage List in 1984. The buildings confirm the exceptional creative contribution of Gaudí to the development of architecture and building technology in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These monuments represent an eclectic and, at the same time, very individual style, which is expressed in the design of parks, sculpture and all kinds of decorative arts, as well as in architecture. These four buildings are: Casa Vicens (1883-1885); part of Gaudí's works on the Sagrada Familia church (1884-1926 - the facade of the Nativity and the crypt); Casa Batlo (1904-1906) and the crypt in Colonia Güell (1898-1905).

Natural
Doñana National Park (1994)

Doñana National Park
Doñana National Park in Andalusia occupies the right bank of the Guadalquivir estuary near its confluence with the Atlantic Ocean. This area is famous for the variety of its landscapes, including lagoons, swamps, mobile and fixed dunes, shrubs and forests, maquis. Representatives of five rare and endangered bird species live here, one of the largest heron colonies in the Mediterranean has settled, and over 500 thousand water birds fly here for the winter.

Garajonay National Park (1986)

Garajonay National Park in the Canary Islands.
Virgin laurel forests cover about 70% of the territory of this park, located in the heart of the island of Gomera, which is part of the Canary archipelago. The presence of water sources led to the development of lush vegetation on the island - like the one that existed here in the Tertiary time and which in Southern Europe has already practically disappeared as a result of the climatic changes that have occurred.

Teide National Park (2007)

Teide National Park
Delightful in its beauty nature reserve Teide is also a treasure trove of information about the geological processes that determine the evolution of oceanic islands. Its main attraction is the most high peak Spain's Teide-Pico Viejo stratovolcano with a height of 3,718 meters. Reaching an altitude of 7,500 meters in relation to the level of the seabed, it is listed as the third highest volcanic formation in the world. Teide National Park is of worldwide importance: traces of the geological processes that determine the evolution of the oceanic islands have been preserved here.

Mixed
Ibiza, biodiversity and culture (1999)

Ibiza Island: Biodiversity and Culture (Ibiza)
Ibiza (Ibiza, Ibiza), part of the Balearic Islands, perfectly illustrates the interaction between marine and coastal ecosystems. Dense thickets of Posidonia (ocean algae), one of the main endemics Mediterranean Sea, Is an important condition for maintaining the species diversity of marine organisms in coastal zone... Ibis keeps the testimony of his rich history... Archaeological excavations in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Sa Caleta settlement and in the Puig des Molins necropolis confirm that the island played a large role in economic development Mediterranean even in prehistoric times, especially during the times of Phenicia and Carthage. The fortified Upper City (Alta Vila) is an outstanding example of military architecture of the Renaissance, which greatly influenced the construction of Spanish fortified settlements in the New World.

Mont Perdue region in the Pyrenees (1997)

Mont Perdido region in the Pyrenees
In the center of this wonderful alpine massif, covering the border region between France and Spain in the Pyrenees, rises the limestone Mont Perdue mountain, reaching 3352 meters. The heritage site with an area of \u200b\u200b30.6 thousand hectares includes two deepest canyons in Europe (on the Spanish side) and three large glacial circuses (in France). The local pastoral landscapes illustrate an agricultural way, previously very typical for the mountainous regions of Europe, but to date, preserved only in this part of the Pyrenees. Villages, fields and farms, mountain pastures and roads remind of past times.

Made by: Avvakumova
Kunnei, GO-14, YEN
Checked by: N.P. Sleptsova

UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites in Spain

Listed as UNESCO World Heritage in the Kingdom
Spain has 45 items (for 2016), this is 4.3%
of the total (1052 for 2016). 40 objects are included in the list by
cultural criteria, with 17 of them recognized as masterpieces
human genius (criterion i), 3 objects are included according to natural
criteria, each of which is recognized as a natural phenomenon
exceptional beauty and aesthetic importance (criterion vii), and
also 2 mixed objects, one of which also falls under
criterion vii. In addition, as of 2016, 32 objects in
territories of Spain are among candidates for inclusion in
world heritage list. Kingdom of Spain ratified
Convention for the Protection of the World's Cultural and Natural
heritage on May 4, 1982. The first five objects located on
territories of Spain were listed in 1984 at the 8th session
UNESCO World Heritage Committee.

Cultural heritage

Ibiza is famous not only for
their clubs and parties, but
and historically significant
monuments included
to the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The most important monument on
island - a castle located on
the highest point of the island. For the first time
the castle is mentioned in the XII century.
It is believed to have been built during the reign
Muslims, and was originally used for military purposes. IN
our time, the castle is one of the most
attractive tourist sites of the island. In the castle
an archaeological museum was created, where various
exhibits found in Ibiza itself

Merida is located in
central part of the province
Extremadura, the capital
which is. Town
got its name from
consonant Latin term
Emerita, which was applied to
soldiers who have gone to
resignation.
The city was founded by Publius Caricio by
decree of Octavius \u200b\u200bAugustus in the distant 25 year before
AD and was called the Colony of Lulia
Augusta Emerita, while in status
capital of the province of Lusitania.

In our time, the archaeological sites of Merida are on the list
protected UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Of the most
surviving of them, you can distinguish an impressive stone bridge over
the Guadiana river, a luxurious theater, a large circus arena, a majestic
amphitheater and a unique water supply system with
a grandiose aqueduct.

Third World Heritage Site: Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe

Third World Heritage Site:
Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe
Majestic
monastery that
clearly illustrates
are four centuries in
development of religious
architecture of Spain.

Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe,
located in the Spanish province of Caceres, was founded
King Alfonso XI in 1340 on the site of the chapel in which,
according to legend, a statuette of the Virgin of Guadalupe was found.
Virgin Mary of Guadalupe, considered the patroness
Extremadura, was especially revered among the conquistadors,
who glorified her name in the New World.

The monastery is unique in that
connects all known
Spanish destinations
architecture of religious
directions that existed on
over four hundred years since
the moment of its foundation. He
symbolizes two great
events in the world
stories.
In 1993, the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria de Guadalupe was included in the list
protected sites of the World Cultural
UNESCO heritage for its unique
cultural and historical value.

UNESCO World Natural and cultural heritage sites in India

In the list of objects of the World
UNESCO heritage in India has 35 items (2016
year), this is 3.3% of the total (1052 for 2016).
27 properties are listed by cultural criteria, 7
object - natural, 1 object - cultural and
natural. 12 objects are recognized as human masterpieces
creative genius (criterion i), 3 objects recognized
natural phenomena or spaces of exceptional
natural beauty and aesthetic importance (criterion vii).
In addition, as of 2016, 44 objects on the territory
states are among the candidates for inclusion in the list
world heritage.

Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal - mausoleum-mosque,
located in Agra, India, on
the banks of the Jamna River (architects,
probably Ustad-Isa and others). Built
by order of the descendant of Tamerlane -
Padishah of the Great Empire
Mughal Shah Jahan in memory of
wife of Mumtaz Mahal, who died at
delivery of the fourteenth child
(later he was buried here himself
Shah Jahan).
Taj Mahal (also "Taj")
considered the best example
Mughal architecture that
combines elements
Indian, Persian and
Arabic architectural styles.
In 1983, the Taj Mahal was named the site of the World
UNESCO heritage site: "the pearl of Muslim art
in India, one of the most recognized heritage masterpieces,
admired all over the world. "

Present time

Recently within the walls of the Taj Mahal
cracks were found. By
according to scientists, the appearance of cracks
may be associated with shallowing
the nearby Jamna River.
The disappearance of the river will lead to
changes in soil structure and
the subsidence of the mausoleum, or maybe
even to its destruction. He also
began to lose its legendary
whiteness due to contaminated
air. Despite
expanding park area
around Taj Mahal and closure
some particularly dirty
production facilities in Agra, the mausoleum of all
turns yellow equally. It has to
clean regularly with
special white clay.

Daily Taj Mahal
visited by tens of thousands
people, at the expense of tourists
"Indian pearl"
brings the country's treasury
a lot of money. Per year
Taj Mahal visits from
3 to 5 million
visitors, of which
more than 200,000 - from abroad. Most
tourists come to
cooler months
years - October, November and
February

Red Fort (Agra)

Red fort - fortress
construction in the Indian mountains
ode Agra, who served in
the era of the Empire of the Great
Mughal residence
rulers. Located above
the Yamuna River is just 2.5 km away
from the Taj Mahal. Together with
nim red fort
in 1983 was included in
list of world
UNESCO heritage. Part
the territory of the Red Fort
used today in
military purposes and inaccessible
for visitors.

Agra is famous
many tourists
thanks to
the famous Taj Mahal. However, on
territory of this
cities
located still
some
sights
ostay, among
which
stands out red
th fort.
This amazing building began to be built in the middle of the 16th century, when
Akbar the Great decided to change the capital of the state and move it
from Delhi to Agra. The most beautiful palace was built on the territory
fort and is surrounded by a fence whose height reached 21 meters.

Agra, Red Fort consists of several palaces, which were intended for recreation, living and government needs. Placed around

Agra, Red Fort consists
Of several palaces that were intended for recreation, residence and state
needs. All around were beautiful gardens and magnificent mosques. The fort combined two
style - Hindu and Muslim, this happened with all the large buildings of that
era.

Ajanta Caves - World Heritage Site

The temple complex of Ajanta is located in
Indian state of Maharashtra. Cliff, in
which carved caves, reminds
horseshoe. The whole complex includes 29
caves that are connected by one path.
The temples of Ajanta are square halls
surrounded by monastic cells. Must
say that before from each temple led
the road to the embankment, but now they are all
connected by a wide platform.
Buddhist monks used caves
for prayers for many centuries, but later
suddenly left them. Reopened
cave temples were only in 1819.

What does the cave complex look like?

All caves are numbered from 1 to 29. Quite rightly the most
The first and second caves are considered beautiful. If this is your first time visiting
complex in Ajanty, you will be surprised by the size of the first cave,
where the ceiling height reaches 6 meters and the width is 12 meters.

Scientists cannot explain how, in the twilight of the caves, the monks painted the walls with the finest drawings using several colors. Existence

Scientists cannot explain how the monks painted the walls in the twilight of the caves
the finest designs using several colors. Exists
version that ancient painters caught the sun with mirrors and sent it to
darkness, as they did in Egypt. It is possible that the monks developed their own way
lighting of caves. Unfortunately, this question remains open so far.

One way or another, Ajanta has become a cult place for thousands of people who come every day to see the famous caves with their own eyes.

The caves attract tourists for various reasons: some are attracted
the splendor of the frescoes, others - the secrets associated with this place,
some find peace of mind in these grand halls,
some simply cannot resist the views of the
terrace near the caves.
Anyway, Ajanta
became a cult
place for thousands
people daily
coming to see
with my own eyes
famous caves.

UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites in the USA

Total in the complete list of World Heritage for 2016
there are 1,052 objects, that is, the share of US objects in the world -
2,1 %.
Of the 22 World Heritage Sites in the United States: 10 cultural and 13
natural objects. 2 cultural sites recognized as masterpieces
human genius (criterion i) and 10 objects - natural
phenomena of exceptional beauty and aesthetic importance
(criterion vii). Everglades National Park is on the List
World Heritage in Danger.

The Statue of Liberty

The Statue of Liberty -
colossal sculpture in
neoclassical style on the east
Svoboda ditch about
3 km south-west of the south
tip of Manhat Island
ten, USA.
Since 1984 Statue of Liberty
included in the List of the World
UNESCO heritage.

The sculpture is a gift from France for the 1876 World Exhibition and
centenary of American independence. The statue holds a torch in its right hand
and a tablet on the left. Visitors walk 356 steps to the crown of the statue
freedom or 192 steps to the top of the pedestal. In the crown there are 25
windows that symbolize earthly gems and heavenly rays,
illuminating the world. The seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize the seven seas and
seven continents.

Yellowstone national park

Yellowstone National
the park -
international biosphere
nature reserve, object of the World
UNESCO heritage site, first in
world national
park (founded on March 1, 1872).
Located in the USA, in the territory
states of Wyoming, Montana and Ida
ho. The park is famous
numerous geysers and
other geothermal
objects rich in living
nature, picturesque
landscapes. Park area -
898.3 thousand hectares.
On the vast territory of the park
there are lakes, rivers, canyons and
caves.
About two thousand species of plants grow in the park,
there are several hundred
species of mammals, birds, reptiles and fish, in
including those under threat of destruction.

The park is one of the most
visited in the USA. Since the 1960s, his
attend at least two
million tourists. In 2006 the park
visited by 2 870 295 people
In the national park
are 9
information
centers and museums,
some of which
referred to
historical
monuments.

Great Smoky Mountains National Park

National Park, part of the Biosphere Reserve and
a natural UNESCO World Heritage Site located in
the central part of the ridge of the same name (whose name can be
literally translate as Great Smoky Mountains) mountain
Appalachian systems. Administrative location of the park -
american states North Carolina and Tennessee, the border between
which runs along the middle of the ridge. According to
Federal National Park Service, Great Smokey Mountains is the most visited national park on
the territory of this country - for example, in 2007 it was visited by 9.4
million people, more than double the number
visitors to the second most popular Grand Canyon.

The national park has more than 150 hiking
trails of varying degrees of difficulty, total length
which exceeds 1,300 km (800 mi), as well as about 885 km (550
miles) riding routes. Most of them were
paved by workers from the Civil Guard Corps
the environment during the Great Depression

UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites in Russia

In the list of the UNESCO World Heritage in Russia
Federation has 26 names (for 2016), this
accounts for 2.5% of the total (1052 for 2016). 16 objects
included in the list by cultural criteria, with 6 of them
recognized as a masterpiece of human genius (criterion i), and 10
objects are included according to natural criteria, with 4 of them
recognized as natural phenomena of exceptional beauty and
aesthetic importance (criterion vii). In 2016 Russia
ranked 9th in the world in terms of the total number of objects
world heritage, and by the number of natural sites - 4th
(after China, USA and Australia).

Western Caucasus

Western Caucasus - part of mountain system The Greater Caucasus, located
west of the meridional line passing through Mount Elbrus. Part
The Western Caucasus from Anapa to Mount Fisht is characterized by low-mountain and
mid-mountainous relief (the so-called North-West, or
Black Sea Caucasus), further east to Elbrus mountain system
takes on a typical alpine appearance with numerous glaciers and
high-mountainous landforms.
In a narrower understanding, which is adhered to in mountaineering and tourism literature, to Western Caucasus include only
part of the Main Caucasian Range from Mount Fisht to Elbrus. Within the territory of
Western Caucasus - Sochi national park, Caucasian
state reserve, reserve Ritsa,
nature reserve Pskhu, Natural Park Bolshoi Thach, a natural monument "Ridge
Exuberant ", natural monument" Upper Tsitsa ", natural monument
"The upper reaches of the rivers Pshekha and Pshekhashkha", Teberdinsky reserve, located
protected by UNESCO as an example of the World Heritage.
For climbers and tourists, the most popular
districts: Arkhyz, Dombay, Uzunkol

An important role in the formation of the relief of the Western Caucasus was played by
ancient and modern mountain glaciers. Here are common
trough valleys, tarn lakes, moraines. In limestone massifs
northern part of the territory subject to karst processes,
formed numerous caves and cavities, including one
of the longest and deepest in Russia (up to 600 meters deep and 15
kilometers in length). They form complex underground systems with
rivers, lakes and waterfalls.
On the outcrops of rocks, you can find the most interesting
remains of extinct organisms. So, the valley of the Belaya River (left
tributary of the Kuban) due to numerous finds of giant
shells of ammonites (sometimes more than 1 m in diameter) acquired
worldwide fame.
The territory is rich in picturesque objects: powerful waterfalls,
pointed mountain peaks (up to 3360 meters), stormy
rivers with clear water, clean lakes, huge trees
(fir up to 70 meters high and more than 2 meters in diameter), rare
plants (orchids) and many others.