Collection output:
CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE REGIONS OF THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNIC TOURISM
Nekhaeva Natalia Evgenievna
cand. geogr. Sci., Associate Professor of the Department of International and Regional Tourism of Mordovia state university them. N.P. Ogareva,
RF, Saransk
E-mail: nne@ bk. ru
Gurkina Evgeniya Nikolaevna
postgraduate student of the Department of International and Regional Tourism
Mordovia State University. N.P. Ogareva,
RF, Saransk
E-mail: evgenagurkina@ yandex. ru
CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNIC TOURISM
Nekhaeva Natalia
candidate of geographical science, associated professor of International and Regional Tourism Chair Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogaryov,
Russia, Saransk
Gurkina Evgenia
post graduate student of International and Regional Tourism Chair
Mordovia State University named after N.P. Ogaryov,
Russia,
Saransk
ANNOTATION
The article examines the cultural aspects of various peoples inhabiting the regions of the Volga Federal District, which can become the basis for the development of ethnic tourism.
ABSTRACT
The article discusses the cultural aspects of the various peoples inhabiting the regions of the Volga Federal district, which can be the basis for the development of ethnic tourism.
Keywords: culture; cultural heritage; ethnic tourism; regions of the Volga Federal District.
Keywords: culture; cultural heritage; ethnic tourism; the regions of the Volga Federal district.
Currently, tourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of the world economy, where an important role is played by ethnic tourism. It awakens interest in culture, traditions, contributes to the revival and preservation of cultural heritage. Today, national policy and the development of national languages, both in Russia and in the world, is one of the top priorities, due to which, perhaps, an increasing number of tourists are beginning to take an active interest in the complex multinational culture of Russia.
Getting to know the culture and traditions of different ethnic groups is the most important part of ethnic tourism. Traditions are a system of values, norms of behavior, positions and principles of relations between people. The characteristic of folk traditions includes an analysis of existing traditions, determining their place in the life of the country and linking them to specific territories and ethnic groups.
One of the most developed industrial and agricultural regions of Russia with significant potential for the development of ethnic tourism is the Volga Federal District. According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census in Privolzhsky federal district a multi-ethnic population lives - 21.3% of the total number of citizens of the country, 140 representatives of various nations, nationalities, ethnic groups. This speaks of the great cultural potential of the district.This explains the relevance of this article.
Analyzing the current state of ethnic tourism and the level of development of ethno-oriented tourism in Russian regions, Tikhonova T.Yu. conventionally groups them as follows:
$ 11. regions actively developing ethno-tourism and having the necessary ethno-cultural potential and a sufficiently developed tourist infrastructure for this (Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, partly Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories);
$ 12. regions that are attractive and promising for the development of ethno-tourism, but have an insufficiently developed tourist infrastructure (Khabarovsk Territory, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Komi Republic, the Volga region, the North of the European part of Russia, the Baikal region, the Altai Republic, the republics North Caucasus, Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin, Republics of Khakassia and Mari El, Chuvash Republic).
The constituent entities of the Volga Federal District belong to the latter type of regions. The national composition of the Volga Federal District and the cultural heritage of the peoples living on its territory is very rich, has similar features, but at the same time differs in characteristic features. Consider the possibilities of the regions of the Volga Federal District for the development of ethnic tourism.
The Republic of Mordovia is one of the regions of the Volga Federal District with the potential for the development of ethnic tourism. It is no coincidence that Russians, Mordovians, Tatars, Ukrainians, etc. live on its territory. Currently, the following centers of national culture function in Mordovia: s. Podlesnaya Tavla (Kochkurovsky district), with. Nizovka, s. Urusovo (Ardatovsky district), with. Old Terizmorga (Staroshaigovsky district), with. Rybkino (Kovylkinsky district), with. Kochetovka (Insar district) where you can get acquainted with the peculiarities of life, crafts, clothes, rituals of the Mordovian people.
About 20% of the crafts of all of Russia are concentrated on the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region, including the world famous golden Khokhloma, Semyonovskaya matryoshka, gold embroidery, Gorodets, Polkhov-Maidan painting, weaving, guipure, filigree, knife making, woodworking and other crafts. In many districts of the region, there are from 50 to 200 craftsmen employed in the field of folk arts and crafts, arts and crafts. A striking confirmation of this is the amazing fairytale city-museum Gorodets.
The Republic of Mari El is also ethnically interesting. The Mari are one of the few European peoples who have preserved paganism and associated cult objects in living existence. In addition, the Republic of Mari El presents a unique experience of the coexistence of paganism, Christianity and Islam. The ethnographic museum under open air in the city of Kosmodemyansk.
Tolerant multicultural region - Orenburg region. Representatives of more than a hundred ethnic groups live on its territory. The level of urbanization of the region is important for the development of ethno-tourism in general - 58%, since this type of tourism is realized mainly in rural areas. In the Orenburg region, it is possible to organize tours from Germany to German villages founded by Germans who have preserved the elements of their culture and way of life.
Active work on the organization of museum complexes of ethnic orientation: the open-air museum "Bogatyrskaya Sloboda", the ethnographic museum "Gornitsa" and others underway in the Samara region. This region belongs to the most multinational regions of our country.
Due to historical and social factors, the Republic of Tatarstan has great potential for the development of ethnic tourism. A nostalgic direction - trips to the historical homeland, very important for the region. Most of the ethnic Tatars live outside the republic. Tatarstan is the center of the Tatar world. The purpose of visits can be not only meetings with relatives, but also visits to significant events in the cultural world - Sabantuy, holidays, anniversaries, concerts. Turning to the national factor will help preserve the language, history, and traditions of the Tatar people. Ethnic tourism is successfully developing in the Yelabuga region of the republic, and the international ethnic festival "Krutushka" has become a tradition.
Ethnic tourism in the Ulyanovsk region is represented by a wide range of craft specialties. It can be argued that in this region, the problems of the development of handicrafts, the revival of a number of folk crafts, which are directly related to the spirituality, culture of the people, the attractiveness of the province with its original flavor, are actualizing. Experts hope that a powerful impetus to the development of handicrafts in the Ulyanovsk region will be given by the Crafts Center, which they plan to build near the village. New Bedenga in the Ulyanovsk region.
The list of priority directions for the development of tourism in the Republic of Chuvashia includes ethnic tourism. The Chuvash people with national traditions and rituals are of great interest for tourists and the greatest value on the Chuvash land. In the village of Ibresi there is an open-air ethnographic museum; it is planned to create a tourist cluster "Ethnic Chuvashia".
Thus, having analyzed the potential for the development of ethnic tourism in the regions of the Volga Federal District, we came to the conclusion that most of them have sufficient opportunities for the development of this type of tourism on their territory, but not all available objects are involved in the tourism industry. The development of ethnic tourism in the regions of the Volga Federal District should be a priority, since these regions have been little studied, but have great potential. To a large extent, the current state is determined by the saturation and material and technical condition of tourist infrastructure facilities, as well as the position and activity of the population and authorities. Further study of this type of tourism on the territory of the Volga Federal District will help preserve the historical and cultural heritage of the indigenous peoples, arouse interest from tourists and, in general, solve a number of economic and social problems associated with the efficient use of tourist resources.
Bibliography:
- All-Russian population census 2010. - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://www.perepis-2010.ru/
- Gurkina E.N. Prospects for the development of tourism in the Volga Federal District / E.N. Gurkina, N.E. Nekhaeva // Ogarev-Online, - 2014. - No. 18 (32). - S. 3.
- Zhulina M.A. Priority types of tourism development in the Republic of Mordovia / M.A. Zhulina, N.E. Nekhaeva, N.A. Emelyanova, N. Yu. Prasalova, S.V. Saraikina // Bulletin of the Smolensk State University, Smolensk, - 2011. - No. 4 (16). - S. 47-55.
- Nekhaeva N.E. Interregional ethnic route as an innovative tourist product / N.E. Nekhaeva, E.N. Gurkina // Innovations in Science, - 2014. - No. 31-2. - S. 119-124.
- Regional target program "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2012-2016". - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/944955460
- Official tourist information portal of the Republic of Mordovia. - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://turizmrm.ru/
- Tikhonova T. Yu. Ethnic tourism in the development of regions. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://www.rusnauka.com/17_AVSN_2012/Geographia/1_112134.doc.htm
- Tourist library. Everything about tourism. Ethnic tourism. - [Electronic resource]. - Access mode. - URL: http://tourlib.net/statti_tourism/ethnic_tourism.htm
Annotation. The authors reveal the main prospects for the development of ethnic tourism in the Volga Federal District. The importance and significance of ethnic tourism for such a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional region as the Volga Federal District of Russia is emphasized.
Keywords: tourism, ethnic tourism, tourist products, traditional way of life, population, peoples, Volga Federal District.
Tourism is one of the progressive branches of the world economy. Ethnic tourism is gaining in popularity at the present time. More and more categories of tourists are beginning to take an active interest in the complex multinational culture of Russia.
Russia is a country of enormous potential and unusually picturesque folk traditions. She has everything necessary for the development of tourism - a huge territory, rich historical and cultural heritage. In response to this, a new direction is emerging in Russian cultural and educational tourism - ethnic tourism. World practice shows that this type of tourism can satisfy a number of human needs, especially spiritual ones. Ethnic tourism can be one of the possible strategic directions for the preservation and development of the economy of the traditional economy, cultural heritage and be a factor sustainable development territories, through the involvement of the indigenous population in the creation of original tourism products and the development of recreational activities. Along with such well-established measures as the preservation and development of the traditional way of life, national crafts and arts, education and health promotion of indigenous peoples, mechanisms have been laid for their more active involvement in the economic life of the regions.
Volga Federal District (Volga Federal District) - one of the most developed industrial and agricultural subjects of Russia, with opportunities for the development of ethnic tourism. According to the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, a multi-ethnic population lives in it - 21.3% of the total number of citizens of the country, 140 representatives of various nations, nationalities, ethnic groups.
The most important part of ethnic tourism is acquaintance with the culture and traditions of different ethnic groups. Traditions are a system of values, norms of behavior, positions and principles of relations between people. The characteristic of folk traditions includes an analysis of existing traditions, determining their place in the life of the country and linking these traditions to specific territories and ethnic groups.
In ethno-tourism, nostalgic tours can be distinguished separately. During such trips, tourists get to know a certain ethnic group of the population, living either at the place of their birth or the place where their ancestors lived. Tourists get acquainted with their life, cultural features, everyday life, etc. This is a good way to learn more about their roots or study the history of the people of interest to scientists and amateurs. Thanks to this innovation in tourism, many even found their distant relatives in foreign lands. Sometimes people visited the places where their fathers, grandfathers lived, or they themselves were evicted from these neighborhoods in their distant youth. In most cases, it is nostalgia that pushes you to explore the characteristics of a particular culture.
The development of ethnic tourism in Russia is becoming a new and leading area of \u200b\u200bactivity. This type of tourism will be in demand in the future due to its uniqueness and originality, since at present ethnic diversity is decreasing at a rate commensurate with the rate of loss of biological diversity. According to some forecasts, by the end of the XXI century. more than half of the currently existing ethnic languages \u200b\u200bmay disappear forever. Small indigenous peoples are carriers of a unique culture and economic system, therefore, the development of ethnic tourism is promising in the territories of their traditional residence.
The prerequisites for the development of ethnocultural tourism in Russia include the following:
1) a high degree of ethnic diversity of the population, manifested not only on a national or macro-regional scale, but also within individual subjects of the federation and even at the level of lower administrative units (districts, municipalities, rural settlements);
2) a unique combination of various ethnocultural complexes, first of all, East Slavic, Turkic and Finno-Ugric, formed in the process of long-term interethnic integration, acculturation and assimilation;
3) the need to actively promote the ideas of interethnic tolerance, taking into account the tense, and in some regions - seriously complicated over the past decades - interethnic relations;
4) traditionally relatively low (in the Volga region, in the Urals) and sharply decreased over the past decades due to mass migrations (in the North Caucasus) level of territorial consolidation of ethnic groups in the respective national republics;
5) the destructive impact of urbanization on the traditional cultural complex of almost all ethnic groups in the country;
6) the need for more effective promotion in the domestic and foreign tourist markets of Russian regions, especially those with a low rating of tourist preferences of clients.
The number of nationalities and nationalities with an interesting way of life and traditions in our country is huge. 143 million people live in Russia. and more than 180 peoples, each of which has its own traditions, culture, language and crafts, but, unfortunately, this potential is almost never revealed.
TY Tikhonova, analyzing the current state of ethnic tourism and the level of development of ethno-oriented tourism in Russian regions, conventionally groups them as follows:
1) regions that are actively developing ethno-tourism and have the necessary ethno-cultural potential and a sufficiently developed tourist infrastructure for this (Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs, partly Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories);
2) regions that are attractive and promising for the development of ethno-tourism, but have insufficiently developed tourist infrastructure (Khabarovsk Territory, (Yakutia), the Komi Republic, the Volga region, the North of the European part of Russia, the Baikal region, the Republic of the North Caucasus, Kamchatka Territory, Sakhalin, the Republic of Khakassia and Mari El, Chuvash Republic).
The last type of regions includes the constituent entities of the Volga Federal District. The national composition of the Volga Federal District and the cultural heritage of the peoples living on its territory is very rich, has similar features, but at the same time differs in characteristic features. Consider the possibilities of the regions of the Volga Federal District for the development of ethnic tourism.
One of the promisingly stable regions of the Volga Federal District in which ethnic tourism can potentially develop is the Republic of Mordovia. This is no coincidence, since the republic is multinational and is the center of the Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia. Russians, Mordovians, Tatars, Ukrainians, etc. live on its territory. Currently, the following centers of national culture function in Mordovia: Podlesnaya Tavla (Kochkurovsky district), with. Nizovka, s. Urusovo (Ardatovsky district), with. Old Terizmorga (Staroshaigovsky district), with. Rybkino (Kovylkinsky district), with. Kochetovka (Insar district) where you can get acquainted with the peculiarities of life, crafts, clothes, rituals of the Mordovian people.
On the territory of the Nizhny Novgorod region, about 20% of the crafts of all of Russia are concentrated, including the world famous golden Khokhloma, Semyonovskaya matryoshka, gold embroidery, Gorodets, Polkhov-Maidan painting, weaving, guipure, filigree, knife craft, woodworking and other crafts. In many districts of the region there are from 50 to 200 masters employed in the field of folk arts and crafts, arts and crafts. A striking confirmation of this is the amazing fairytale city-museum Gorodets.
Ethnically interesting. The Mari are one of the few peoples of Europe who, in their living existence, have preserved paganism and the cult objects associated with it. In addition, the Republic of Mari El presents a unique experience of coexistence of paganism, Christianity and Islam. The ethnographic open-air museum in the city of Kosmodemyansk is very popular.
The Orenburg region is a tolerant multicultural region; representatives of more than a hundred ethnic groups live on its territory. The level of urbanization of the region - 58%, is important for the development of ethno-tourism in general, since this type of tourism is realized mainly in rural areas. In the Orenburg region, it is possible to organize tours from Germany to German villages founded by Germans who have preserved the elements of their culture and way of life.
In the Samara region, active work is underway to organize museum complexes of ethnic orientation: the open-air museum "Bogatyrskaya Sloboda", the ethnographic museum "Gornitsa" and others. This region belongs to the most multinational regions of our country.
The Republic of Tatarstan, due to historical and social factors, has great potential for the development of ethnic tourism. A nostalgic direction - trips to the historical homeland, very important for the region. Most of the ethnic Tatars live outside the republic. Tatarstan is the center of the Tatar world. The purpose of visits can be not only meetings with relatives, but also visits to significant events in the cultural world - Sabantuy, holidays, anniversaries, concerts. The appeal to the national factor will help preserve the language, history, traditions of the Tatar people. Ethnic tourism is successfully developing in the Yelabuga region of the republic, and the international ethnic festival "Krutushka" has become a tradition.
Ethnic tourism in the Ulyanovsk region is represented by a wide range of craft specialties. It can be argued that in the Ulyanovsk region, the problems of the development of handicrafts, the revival of a number of folk crafts, which are directly related to the spirituality, culture of the people, the attractiveness of the province with its original flavor, are being actualized. Experts hope that a powerful impetus to the development of handicrafts in the Ulyanovsk region will be given by the Crafts Center, which they plan to build near the village. New Bedenga in the Ulyanovsk region.
Ethnic tourism in Chuvashia is included in the list of priority directions of tourism development in the republic. The Chuvash people with national traditions and rituals are of great interest for tourists and the greatest value on the Chuvash land. In the village of Ibresi there is an open-air ethnographic museum; it is planned to create a tourist cluster "Ethnic Chuvashia".
Thus, having analyzed the ethnic component of the regions of the Volga Federal District, we came to the conclusion that most of them have sufficient opportunities for the development of ethnic tourism on their territory, but not all existing objects are involved in the tourism industry, not all regions are actively developing tourism in general. , and ethnic tourism in particular. The development of ethnic tourism in the regions of the Volga Federal District should become a priority, since these regions have been little studied, but have great potential. To a large extent, the current state is determined by the saturation and material and technical condition of tourist infrastructure facilities, as well as the position and activity of the population and authorities. A detailed study of this type of tourism on the territory of the Volga Federal District will help to solve a number of economic and social problems associated with the efficient use of tourist resources, their development and preservation of the historical and cultural heritage of indigenous peoples.
Literature
1. Butuzov A.G. State and prospects for the development of ethnocultural tourism in Russian Federation // Service in Russia and abroad. - 2009. - No. 4. - S.11-15.
2. All-Russian population census 2010. - - URL: http://www.perepis-2010.ru/.
3.
4. .
5. .
6. Federal State Statistics Service. - - URL: http://www.gks.ru/.
7. Federal portal protown.ru. Development of tourism in the republic. - - URL: http://www.protown.ru/russia/obl/articles/3475.html.
Gurkina E.N., Nekhaeva N.E. Prospects of Ethnic Tourism in the Volga Federal District
Abstract. The article considers the main prospects of ethnic tourism on the territory of the Volga Federal District. The authors emphasize the importance and significance of ethnic tourism for the Volga Federal District as a multiethnic and multi-religious Russian region.
Keywords: tourism, ethnic tourism, tourist product, traditional lifestyle, population, ethnic groups, Volga Federal District.
Large cities: Ufa (Bashkortostan), Kazan (Tatarstan), Yoshkar-Ola (Republic of Mir), Saransk (Republic of Mordovia), Izhevsk (Republic of Udmurtia), Cheboksary (Chuvash Republic), Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Penza, Perm, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk.
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Airport: Kazan International Airport
Kazan is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. The largest tour operators have their offices in Kazan and organize charter flights from Kazan to various international destinations. Tours with departures from Kazan are also popular among tourists in cities such as Cheboksary, Izhevsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Bugulma, Naberezhnye Chelny, Almetyevsk, Saransk, the population of these cities is from 200,000 to 600,000 people. Residents of Kazan and the region also choose tours with departures from Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod.
Travel agents from Kazan prefer to participate twice a year in tourism seminars (spring and autumn sessions) organized by two companies: Regional Seminar Club and Workshop Tourbusiness.
NIZHNY NOVGOROD (formerly Gorky)
Population: 2,000,000
Number of travel agencies: over 600 agencies (about 150 active).
Airport: International airport "Strigino"
Perhaps this is one of the few cities located in the immediate vicinity of the Russian capital that has its own airport. In Nizhny Novgorod there are several local tour operators of outbound tourism that organize their programs from Nizhny Novgorod, but do not have offices in Moscow and other regions of Russia. Tours with departures from Nizhny Novgorod airport are popular among tourists from Nizhny Novgorod cities such as Arzamas, Dzerzhinsk, Volga, Pol, Pervomaysky, Sarov, Chkalov and others, whose population ranges from 50,000 to 350,000 people. The number of travel agencies in these cities ranges from 30 to 70.
Travel agents from Nizhny Novgorod prefer to participate twice a year in travel seminars (spring and autumn sessions) organized by two companies: Regional Seminar Club and Workshop Tourbusiness. Transportation to these seminars is also arranged from major cities region.
SAMARA (former Kuibyshev)
Population: more than 1,000,000 people
Number of travel agencies: over 600 agencies (about 120-150 active).
Airport: Kuromesh International Airport.
Most travel agencies operate under the brand of tour operators such as: Coral Travel, Pegas Touristik and Tez Tour... The largest tour operators in Russia, which organize charter flights from the region to foreign resorts, have offices in Samara. Most of the flights from Samara are organized jointly by several tour operators.
The airport is located between the cities of Samara and Togliatti. Other cities in the region: Syzran, Zhigulevsk, Novokuibyshevsk, Chapayevsk. Tourists from Samara sometimes also buy tours with departure from Ufa, rarely tours with departure from Moscow.
The second largest city in the Volga region, V - Togliatti with a population of 750,000, is only two hours from Samara. Tourists from Tolyatti also use the services of Kuromoch International Airport. Only leading tour operators have their own offices in Togliatti. The number of tour operators in Togliatti reaches 300, but no more than 100 of them are actively working.
In the spring, a special tourism fair "Tourism Industry" is organized in Nizhny Novgorod. Travel agents from the Nizhny Novgorod region also twice a year participate in tourist seminars (spring and autumn sessions) organized both in Nizhny Novgorod and in Togliatti by two companies: the Regional Seminar Club and the Workshop Tourbusiness
Population: 1,100,000,000
Number of travel agencies: more than 450 agencies (about 100-120 active).
Airport: International airport "Ufa"
Ufa is the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Most of the leading Russian tour operators have their offices in Ufa and organize their own charter programs for mass destinations. Programs for exotic countries are mainly organized through Moscow. The flight to Moscow lasts only 2 hours, from Ufa to Moscow there are about 10 regular flights every day. The main cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan are: Sterlitamak, Nizhnekamsk, Oktyabrsk, Blagoveshchensk, whose residents actively fly from Ufa airport. The population in these cities ranges from 100,000 to 500,000, and the average number of travel agencies in each city ranges from 50 to 100.
Population: 850,000
Number of travel agencies: about 200 agencies (about 80 active).
Airport: International airport "Saratov"
The city is located relatively close to cities such as Volgograd (390 km) and Samara (440 km), which allows tourists to choose tours with departures from these cities. The region is represented by charter flights from operators such as Coral Travel, TUI, Natalie Tours and others. Over the past two years, a large number of charter flights were operated from Saratov airport to international destinations, but for last year the number of flights was significantly reduced, the flow of tourists was redirected to the operation with flights from Volgograd (390 km) or Samara (440 km).
The only seminar organized in Saratov is the tourism business seminar (spring and autumn sessions).
ULYANOVSK
Population: 600,000
Number of travel agencies: more than 200 agencies (about 50-70 active).
Airport: International airport "Baratayevka"
Small provincial town in Russia recently attracted the attention of many tour operators in Russia, which actively began offering programs with direct flights from Ulyanovsk airport. In 2015, many tour operators cut their flight programs from the region due to the economic situation in the country. The city is located close to such large cities as Kazan (140 km), Saratov (345 km), Samara (270 km), so the choice of destinations for city residents is large enough at any time of the year.
The only seminar organized in Ulyanovsk is the tourism business seminar (spring and autumn sessions).
Population: 520,000 people
Number of travel agencies: over 150 agencies (about 60 active).
Penza Airport"
The city is home to over half a million people, and the residents of the Penza region are numerous long-term agencies. Despite the fact that the city has its own airport, international flights from it are not performed, in Moscow there can only be tours with a connection. The nearest airport is the airport of departure of Samara, located 350 km from the city. The city is almost not represented by the offices of tour operators, but each operator has its own authorized agency in the city. Often residents of the Penza region and individual tours departing from Moscow. The largest cities of the Penza region are Kuznetsk, Nikolsky Sursk and others. It should be noted that the city has daily train connections with Moscow, the trip takes about 10-12 hours.
The only seminar organized in Penza is the tourism business seminar (spring and autumn sessions).
ORENBURG
Population: more than 576,000 people
Number of travel agencies: more than 350 agencies (about 80-100 active).
Airport: International airport "Orenburg"
The capital of the South Urals. The region has own airline under the name "Orenburg Airlines", which operates regular flights to the Russian capital and the largest city in the country. Most charter programs are paid for by the airline. All countries have the largest tour operators - these are their own offices or authorized agencies. In the last two to three years, interest in this region among tour operators has increased significantly, but due to recent economic problems, some tour operators have left the region or reduced chartered flight from the region. The city is located near the cities: Samara (373 km) and Ufa (334 km), the departure from which is the same as the residents of Orenburg.
The city has seminars and exhibitions in connection with leading operators than twice a year in these regions to present their plans for the winter and summer seasons.
Population: more than 1,000,000 people
Number of travel agencies: more than 450 agencies (about 110-130 active).
Airport: International airport "Bolshoy Savino"
One of the main constituent entities of the Russian Federation, forming the Perm Region. Most tour operators in the city have their own branches or a franchise agency. Many agencies are authorized tour operator agencies. The city rarely hosts tourism exhibitions, but most of the participants in the region's tourism market have visited the exhibition in Yekaterinburg and Moscow. Tours with departures from the airport of the city of Perm Krai - urban residents such as Kungur, Solikamsk, Aleksandrovsk and other cities, the distance from Perm is from 50 to 150 km.
Almost all of these cities are located on the Volga-water artery of the central part of Russia. In addition, the Volga is connected by a canal with Moscow through the Moskva River. Therefore, even while in Moscow, you can easily make a cruise along the Volga. It will be especially interesting in your unforgettable moment in life - your wedding day. So arrange a miracle for yourself - a wedding on the ship, you will get a magical holiday!
The Volga Federal District has very remarkable geographic features that can hardly be called attractions. Nature has endowed this area with the mountains of Shikhany, Eremel, a camel mountain, Yangan-Tau, Shumikhinsky rocks with Usvinsky pillars, Sentinel rock; Shaitan lakes, Sea eye, Blue karst lakes; many caves (Kapova, Salavat Yulaeva, Kungurskaya, Ledyanaya).
Numerous Orthodox cathedrals, churches and other religious temples are considered the property of the Volga District. Believers from all over Russia come to them annually. These are St. Michael's Cathedral in Izhevsk, the Kul Sharif mosque, the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, the Seraphim-Diveevsky monastery, the Narovchatsky cave monastery, the Church of John the Baptist in Nizhny Novgorod, the Alatyr Holy Trinity Monastery.
To help tourists and not only, interactive maps of all areas of the district have been created; historical buildings, which are a valuable architectural heritage of the country, are no less attractive for tourists. In this district are located the Syuyumbike tower, the castle of Count Sheremetyev, the mansion of the merchant Rukavishnikov in Nizhny Novgorod, the famous Pugachev oak, and the Kalashnikov small arms museum. Modern monuments are the pride of the townspeople and the constant interest of visitors. So in Izhevsk there is a monument to dumplings, and in Ulyanovsk - the letter E.
The reserves of Bolshaya Kokshaga, Nurgush, Kerzhensky, Orenburgsky attract with their endless lush natural spaces, where flora and fauna are protected in their original form.
The Shikhany Mountains are the highest rock mass in the Middle Urals. At the foot of the mountains, the picturesque lake Arakul spreads its water surface. Bashkiria in ancient times was the bottom of the sea, and the Shikhans were once reefs, the preserved imprints of mollusks on them remind of this. Find this magnificent natural miracle possible in the Bashkir Sterlitamak region. It is not difficult to find out by the four lonely mountains that stretch along the Agidel River.
Religious historical monuments include the grandiose temple in Izhevsk - the Syato-Mikhailovsky Cathedral. It was the main building of the city at one time and the Palace of Labor after the revolution. It was blown up in 1937, but rebuilt after 58 long years. The construction of the cathedral began in 1897 on one of the seven hills in the village. The construction lasted 10 years, because its dimensions were simply colossal at that time - 70 meters in height and 43 meters at the base. It resembled a cross in shape, and its towers had 11 bells, the total weight of which was 808 pounds. The sound of the largest 2.5-ton bell was heard even in Yashkur-Bodi. One and a half thousand parishioners could simultaneously be in the Mikhailovsky Cathedral. The restoration of the cathedral was completed in 2007, after which it was consecrated and began to function again.
Monuments are not only man-made, but also natural. One of these is the Kungurskaya Ice cave... This unique formation is legendary. The cave is recognized as a reserve and one of the largest in Russia, while only one is equipped for excursion trips. They equipped it with colored lighting in order to emphasize the icy beauty, the entrance to the cave is continued by a 40-meter long concrete tunnel leading to the Diamond Grotto, and the exit goes through the 109-meter Vyshka grotto. In addition to ice crystals, underground lakes connected by underground waters with the Sylva River are considered the attraction of the cave.
In the Orenburg region there is a very unusual mountain... Here, 9 km from the Vostochny settlement, on the banks of the Ashisu stream, there is a 20-meter rocky quartzite outlier in the shape of a camel, which got its name from this - Camel Mountain. This original natural sculpture is considered one of the symbols of the Orenburg Trans-Urals. This monument was formed in the process of centuries-old blowing of the soil by the wind, as a result of which a camel was formed from solid blocks of rock. There are many legends about it, and any tourist would certainly want to see it.
general characteristics
The Volga Federal District ranks third in the Russian Federation in terms of domestic tourism: 2.5 million people visit the constituent entities of the district annually, which is 10% of the total volume of this type of tourism in Russia. Based on the existing historical, cultural and national characteristics, as well as the presence of a large number of recreational areas, the Volga regions are trying to attract investors to the tourism sector.
Main problems
The development of domestic tourism in the Volga Federal District is hampered by the main factors: deterioration tourist infrastructure, lack of modern hotels with a large number of rooms and lack of investment.
The availability of modern tourist and recreational facilities to meet the growing needs of the population of the district and its guests is currently clearly insufficient.
The state of tourism and recreation development in the Volga Federal District is determined by key factors:
lack of roads, tourist transport;
the unsatisfied demand of the residents of the district and those who come to the district for affordable and high-quality recreational services;
unused opportunities of the natural potential of the district.
Main goals, objectives and directions of development
The implementation of large investment projects in the tourism and recreation sector in the regions of the Okrug should solve a significant part of the existing problems and will be aimed primarily at creating a tourist ring of all-Russian and international significance "Big Volga". All regions through which the Volga and Kama rivers flow will become participants in this project.
On the territory of the Volga Federal District, the most significant links in the tourist ring will be the largest cities located on the Volga and Kama rivers (the cities of Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Izhevsk, etc.), as well as a number of territories where it is possible to combine outdoor recreation (including active) and cultural and historical, as well as thematic tourism (Sokolsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, Sviyazhsk in Tatarstan, Zhigulevsk urban district of Samara region, Ulyanovsk and Sengileevsky districts of Ulyanovsk region, the cities of Saransk and Temnikov in the Republic of Mordovia, landing site the first cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin in the Engels region Saratov region, Sovetsky and Kotelnichsky districts of the Kirov region, Sol-Iletsky and Akbulaksky districts in the Orenburg region, Yurinsky and Kilemarsky districts of the Republic of Mari El, etc.).
A special place in the system of measures for the development of tourism should be occupied by the organization of sanatorium-resort and cultural and educational trips for socially unprotected groups of the population (pensioners, veterans, disabled people, large families, schoolchildren and students), which will help to ease the social pressure of crisis factors, serve the cause interpenetration of cultures and the development of tolerance in society, to prevent manifestations of interethnic and interfaith tensions.
Support should be provided for the formation of tourist and recreational clusters that use not only natural and cultural and historical resources, but also specialized infrastructure, professional personnel, educational and research and production centers, entertainment and animation, sports complexes, medical institutions, catering, roadside service, etc.
It is necessary to implement a set of measures to:
creating an image of the territory as a safe and attractive place for life and recreation;
creation and maintenance of natural parks and objects;
improving the system of training, retraining and advanced training of personnel in the field of tourism and scientific support of tourism activities.
The infrastructure of cruise tourism will be developed. Beach recreation sites and ecological tourism routes (including those with the use of a small fleet) will be equipped with the organization of transit complex green parking for cruise ships.
A certain effect from the development of the Volga tourist ring will be associated with the possibility of combining active rest and the satisfaction of cultural and historical interests, with the revival of traditional crafts and the solution of a number of social tasks, including the task of attracting labor resources to rural areas and the task of increasing the transport connectivity of the village and urbanized territories.
The second direction is the development of tourism and recreation on the basis of the natural potential of the Ural mountains with the concentration of the corresponding infrastructure in the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Udmurt Republic and the Perm Territory, where complexes for winter (primarily alpine skiing) and summer types of active recreation (extreme rafting in the mountains) will be created. rivers, equestrian sports and tourism, fishing for grayling and trout, speleotourism, etc.).
Based on the rich recreational resources of the forest zone of the Volga Federal District in cooperation with the nearest regions of the Northwestern Federal District further development will receive hunting tourism and other types of outdoor activities.
In the Perm Territory, the Udmurt Republic, the Kirov region and the Ulyanovsk region, several resort, tourist and recreational complexes with ski slopes and all the necessary infrastructure for recreation, including enhanced comfort, the infrastructure of rehabilitation and preventive treatment will also be developed.
Further improvement of this infrastructure will make it possible to create a health-improving cluster based on high-tech medicine (Izhevsk, the Udmurt Republic), a tourist and recreational cluster in the Kirov region based on significant reserves mineral waters and therapeutic mud.
As part of the development of tourism in the western Urals, an infrastructure for preventive and rehabilitative treatment will be created based on mineral waters, local therapeutic mud, mountain and forest coniferous air, and a center for oriental medicine will be created.
The development of such an infrastructure in parallel with the strengthening of the health care system in the largest cities in the east of the district will create a health-improving cluster, which includes an intensive care unit based on high-tech medicine.
The development of tourism in the east of the Volga Federal District will be carried out in cooperation with the nearest regions of the Ural Federal District - Chelyabinsk region and the Sverdlovsk region. The development of transport infrastructurelinking the Perm Territory and the Sverdlovsk Region in order to organize various tourist routes simultaneously on the western and eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains.
The most important strategic direction in the development of the tourist and recreational complex of the Volga Federal District is recreation within the largest agglomerations of the district.
As part of the development of tourism in the middle Volga region, a special economic zone of tourist and recreational type will be created on the territory of the Samara region.
Another factor in the attractiveness of certain regions of the Volga Federal District for tourists is cultural traditions. National holidays, preservation of handicrafts, the opportunity to get acquainted with the culture and life of several ethnic groups at once determine the prospects for the development of ethnographic, culinary and other types of educational tourism (Republic of Tatarstan, Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Mari-El, Republic of Mordovia, Udmurt Republic, Nizhny Novgorod region, Orenburg region, Ulyanovsk region, Kirov region and etc.).
Expected results
The development of tourism and recreation will satisfy the needs of the population in these services and improve the ecological state of the territory, in particular, it will ensure the restoration of the ecological state of water and large natural objects (such as Samarskaya Luka), and reduce the pollution of water bodies.
