The Ural region is the easternmost region of the Center of Russia. It occupies the mountains of the Urals, the Urals and the Trans-Urals. Administratively it includes the Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk regions, Bashkiria and the eastern part of Udmurtia. The characteristic of the recreational and tourist potential of the region assumes the allocation of the features of assessing the socio-economic parameters and recreational and tourist resources of the Ural region: The region is politically stable, it is in the leading political positions in the Russian Federation in terms of initiative and legislative activity. The Ural region is rich in unique natural monuments and sights. The Ural is located between the European part of the country, Siberia and Central Asia, with which it is connected by a developed transport network. A relatively high level of market infrastructure development has formed in the region. The Urals have historically developed high intellectual, scientific, technical and cultural potential. The conditions for development are determined by the mountains and the existing transport links in the region. The recreational potential of the region is significant: rivers - Kama, Belaya, Tura, Iset; tributaries - Chusovaya, Mias; lakes - Uvildy, Shartash.
The main tourist centers of the region are Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Ufa, Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk.
Climate - Climate the area is continental. The level of light solar radiation varies from insufficient in the north (1650 hours) to moderate (1800 hours). In the north, the level of ultraviolet radiation in winter is insufficient, in the rest of the territory it is optimal. The frost-free period lasts from 95 to 140 days. Summer is warm. The average temperature in July is + 18 ° C. Winter is moderately cold. The average January temperature is -15 ° C. In the north, the snow cover lasts 150-190 days, and in the south for about 110 days. Its height reaches 40-60 cm. The most favorable period for tourism and recreation begins at the end of May and ends in September. It can sometimes be darkened by cold rains in the north in the mountains and excessive heat and drought in the south. The winter season is favorable for skiing and skiing.
Ancient mountains, "gray Ural" - the brightest natural feature region. They create a unique look of the Urals, making it attractive for numerous tourists and vacationers. In terms of landscape, the area can be divided into several parts. The Ural ridge consists of the middle-altitude Northern Urals (1569 m above sea level), the low-mountain Middle Urals (up to 700 m above sea level), and the middle-mountainous South Urals (1640 m above sea level). The foothill plains are bordered in the west by the Verkhnekamsk (300-330 m above sea level) and Bugulma-Belebeevskaya (380-420 m above sea level) uplands. The dissected relief creates conditions for the development of various species active tourism... Many of the most high peaks Northern and Southern Urals - Isherim (1331 m), Denezhkin Kamen (1492 m), Konzhakovsky Kamen (1569 m), Bolshoi Iremmel (1582 m), Yamantau (1640 m) - rocky and treeless. They are popular with mountaineers and rock climbers.
The territory of the region is flooded with a large number of rivers. The largest of which are: Kama, Belaya, Ural, Tura, Iset, as well as their tributaries: Chusovaya, Yuryuzan, Inzer, Ai, Miass). There are many lakes in the foothills: Uvildy, Argazi, Irtyash, Shartash, Kalkak. Among the water bodies, the Kama reservoir plays an important role.
The swimming season in the north of the Ural region is rather short - only about one month, while in the south it reaches three. Hydromineral resources of the Ural region are quite diverse. Along with sulphate drinking waters and chloride sodium bromine brines, ferrous carbonate, hydrogen sulphide, bromine, iodine-bromine and radon waters are widespread here. Bashkiria has a unique natural resort "Yangantau", where natural hot vapors and dry hot gases emerging from the cracks of Mount Yangantau are the main healing factor. Sodium chloride brines (salt waters) with a salinity of 35 to 150 g / l were found in various regions of the Volga region at depths from 400 to 1500 m, they are used in the Udmurt sanatoriums "Varzi-Yatchi" and "Metallurg".
The resort "Uvildy" is located in the Argayash district Chelyabinsk region... Natural healing factors: the unique mild climate of the southeastern shore of Lake Uvildy with high natural ionization and saturation with phytoncides, highly active natural radon waters from a natural source (the most effective in Russia); natural sapropel mud of the Sabanay lake. Profile of the sanatorium: diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine system, musculoskeletal system, gynecological and urological diseases.
Sanatorium Obukhovsky, Kuryi, somotsvet-mud of lake moltaeva,
The resources of therapeutic mud in the region are represented by peat and sapropel mud. There are small lake-key deposits of silt sulphide mud. Peat mud is found in the forest zone in Udmurtia - the resort "Varzi-Yachi".
Sverdlovsk region is a combination of a developed economy and infrastructure with a variety of natural resources: picturesque mountains, forests, healing lakes. Yekaterinburg is the center of business tourism, business, congress and exhibition, corporate tourism. A lot of excursion programs (overview and thematic), museums. There are many caves on the territory of the region, and therefore speleotourism is developed here. Popular ski resorts on the Uktus mountains, in the vicinity of Revda, Mikhailovsk, Pervouralsk, Nizhny Tagil, Sredneuralsk, etc. Cognitive tourism: 1Sysert: Bazhovsky places, Talkov stone, horse-riding, horse-sledging, excursions in the Bazhovsky places park. 2Kholzan (Sysertsky district): aviary complex for the rehabilitation and monitoring of birds of prey. 3Koptelovo - not far from Nizhnaya Sinyachikha. The village is famous for its Museum of the History of Agriculture and Peasant Life. 4Neviansk - Tavolgi: The ancestral home of the Demidovs, the famous dynasty of industrialists and metallurgists (located more than 80 km from Yekaterinburg). The Leaning Tower of Nevyansk is the symbol of the city. 5 Deer Brooks: The excursion route passes through a forest area that has the status of a natural monument of regional significance with an amazing variety of flora and fauna. 6 Kungurskaya Cave is a unique natural monument, the age of the cave is about 10-12 thousand years. 7 Ganina Yama: Ganina Yama is a tract 17 km from Yekaterinburg, an abandoned copper mine. In the summer of 1918, in one of its mines, the remains of the family of the last Russian emperor Nicholas II Romanov were secretly destroyed. A monastery was built here in the name of the Holy Royal Passion-Bearers. 8Verkhoturye is the spiritual center of the Urals. Many Orthodox churches. 9 Alapaevsk - N. Sinachikha Alapaevsk is the birthplace of the great composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. House-Museum of the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. Nizhnesinyachikha Museum-Reserve of Wooden Architecture and Folk Art right under open air... 10 Irbit Museum of Fine Arts (graphics and engraving), historical and ethnographic museum, motorcycle museum. Ostrich farm "Irbit Ostrich".
Types of tourism: Ecotourism (Olenyi Ruchyi, Natural Bazhovsky Park, Lake Arakul - Shikhan Rocks, Natural Park "Chusovaya River" etc.), skiing, speleotourism, business, educational.
Perm region - was located in the Western Urals in the upper reaches of the Kama River. Not far from Perm, on the high bank of the Kama, there is the only one in the Urals architectural and ethnographic museum-reserve "Khokhlovka"covering an area of \u200b\u200b42 hectares. Unique wooden buildings of the 17th-19th centuries were transported here from the north of the region. Every summer, folklore festivals are held on the territory of the open-air museum, which gather groups from many regions of Russia. Kungurskaya ice cave - a unique natural monument of all-Russian significance. City Solikamsk is one of the oldest cities in the Urals. There is a unique salt museum here. They are rich in sights of the city of Osa (museum, architectural monuments), Cherdyn (collection of copper-bronze plastic (Perm animal style), architectural buildings XVII-XVIII centuries, Usolye (architectural monuments). Places through which flows chusovaya river associated with many historical events, with famous figures in the history of Russia (Ermak, Stroganovs, Demidovs, Emelyan Pugachev) Stone city (Devil's settlement) - Bizarre rocky outcrops form a network of corridors and tiers on a hill in the middle of the forest. Usva Pillars and Shumikhinsky Rocks"Usva pillars" - pillar-like light gray outliers rise steeply 150 m above the level of Usva, on the right bank, they rise with multifaceted stone bell towers. Their peaks are almost inaccessible. The pillars are often visited by tourists, both during travels along Usva, and by themselves. A good path leads to the top of the stone. An amazing view of the Usva river valley opens from the upper platform. One of the attractions here is the Usvinsky (Devil's) finger, this is a detached rock-outlier of impressive size. Several difficult mountaineering and climbing routes are laid along it, which are available for passage only with special equipment and training.
Ski tourism - mountain "Gubakha". Kama cruises.
Healing natural resources are diverse: the Ust-Kachka resort.
Chelyabinsk region National parks: Zyuratkul -lake Zyuratkul is the main decoration of the park; it also has all the possibilities for sports tourism - fishing and active rest... Ecological trail, ascent to the Zyuratkul ridge. Very beautiful Kitova pier (designed as a theme park) Ilmensky reserve - more than 260 minerals were found here, of which 11 were discovered for the first time in the world, and among the plants there are species that are found only here. More than 30 lakes, one of the famous is Lake Turgoyak. Specialized natural landscape and historical and archaeological center "Arkaim"... Arkaim has already become a kind of spiritual center, our Russian Mecca. There are many deep, universal secrets associated with the Arkaim phenomenon. Today, only one thing can be said with certainty that Arkaim and the "Country of Cities" are one of greatest discoveries XX century. Zlatoust the city is rich in monuments of history and architecture, temples and museums, a dam and an old factory, German streets.
Ski tourism - ski center "Adjigardak", "Zavyalikha", "Egoza", "Solnechnaya Dolina". Rest on the lakes and fishing - Uvildy, Turgoyak, Itkul, Zyuratkul, Arakul, Kisegach, Sungul.
Bashkortostan - The nature has endowed Bashkiria with a peculiar and rare beauty: there are majestic mountains covered with coniferous and deciduous forests. Mountain rivers with picturesque waterfalls, numerous lakes and caves (about 300 karst caves), as well as a significant number of sunny days, a temperate climate, a variety of flora and fauna. Healing mountain air, aroma of herbs, Bashkir honey, koumiss, purity of turbulent rivers will bring a lot of health to travelers. Large selection of active tours around the most beautiful places Bashkiria: horseback riding tours, catamaran rafting on the Belaya and Zilim rivers, walking tours, bus routes... Sanatoriums, resorts and recreational tourism. In Bashkiria there is a unique Yangan-Tau resort, where natural hot vapors and dry gases are a natural healing factor. Popular ski resort "Abzakovo", ski center "Metallurg-Magnitogorsk", bathing.
Business tourism - 90% of foreigners. Industrial tourism. River cruises "Perm - Kazan - Ulyanovsk" - mihail Kutuzov, "Perm - Tchaikovsky - Elabuga - Kazan - Nizhny Novgorod - Gorodets - Kostroma - Yaroslavl - Myshkin - Uglich - Moscow "-fedor of Panferov. The quality of service does not depend on demand.
Conclusion: To make the capital of the Urals a tourist Mecca is not easy, because for a long time it was closed to foreigners. And the Ural brand is an opportunity to promote the Ural tourism product. In general, the potential is great, but there are problems in receiving tourists in Yekaterinburg:
1. accommodation, lack of hotels tour. class; mismatch of prices; no discounts in hotels; 2. lack of a car park (old buses) 3. low service on out-of-town excursions - no toilets on the highway. 4. the opinion about Russia that they are robbing, shooting in the streets, and bears walking around… .6. no maps, pointers in English. (for foreigners) 7. lack of personnel - language guides, qualified guides, almost all at the amateur level.
Similar information.
A fascinating tourist journey through the Ural Mountains is just a paradise for tourists: river rafting, hiking, descending into caves, extreme tourism in the air, on the water and in the mountains. We will help you choose a popular tour or create a new direction, we will give useful tips and we will show you interesting photo trips and video reports.
Tourism in the Urals
Tourist hiking and water tourism, as well as speleological exploration of caves that allow you to dive into the bowels of our planet and reveal the secrets of the underworld with your own eyes.How pleasant is the physical fatigue of a mortal body during rest - after a whole day of hiking with a backpack on your back through a green forest, hills or mountains, how many thoughts you change your mind while walking in a natural human habitat, which is not an artificial man-made city. Wildlife with springs, rivers, forests and mountains - this is a real cozy home for life.
And here you are, so tired in the evening after a delicious dinner with a pleasant heaviness in your stomach, sitting around a fire, around which intimate conversations are conducted, exposing people's hearts and removing masks from their faces. Then you direct your gaze to the night sky, there, under the sky, a stunning view opens up - thousands of stars in the darkness of the universe draw mysterious constellations, then you realize that for this moment it was worth going on a hike and enduring difficulties on the road all day. Hiking is quite developed in the Ural region, you can go hiking in summer and winter, as there are many mountains and natural monuments that impress with their splendor and beauty, changing their appearance depending on the season, making the travel route more interesting and unforgettable.
Also in the Urals there are many rivers that are suitable for water tourism (for kayaking and rafting), which attract travelers from different countries to get thrills while overcoming dangerous thresholds of the reservoir, as well as to get pleasure from contemplating the amazing landscape. Most of the rivers are of the first and second categories of difficulty. The rivers are available for rafting from mid-May to September. There are many caves and grottoes for speleologists in the Urals for which people who are keen on underground travel have made speleological routes, some of which are tens or even hundreds of kilometers long. Since the Ural is large and beautiful, we decided to describe routes for hiking and water sports tourism, as well as caves for speleologists. This information will be useful for those who like to combine extreme sport and tourism in nature.
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Introduction.
In Russia, at present, tourist activity occupies a strong position, but it is mainly aimed at outbound tours. Inbound and domestic tourism is only in the development stage. The Ural tourist region is capable of receiving a large number of tourists and has a huge potential of tourist resources. The relevance of this work consists in a detailed examination of the tourist attractiveness of the region, identifying the possibilities of creating tourist flows to the region.
The purpose of this course work is to consider the tourist centers of the Urals, highlight the already developed and just beginning to develop types of tourism in the proposed area.
The tasks of the work are to show the problems and trends in the development of tourism in the Ural region, to study the tourist zone and its resource components, to analyze the development of possible types of tourism and to draw up a tour program along the Jasper Route of the Urals.
The research object of this course work is the Ural tourist region. The subject of research is the popular tourist centers of the area.
The first chapter of the course work describes the theoretical content of the definition of a tourist center, describes the most popular tourist centers of the Ural tourist region on the example of Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Nizhny Tagil, Miass, Verkhoturye, Solikamsk, etc.
The second chapter examines the main components of the Ural tourist zone - the natural potential and infrastructure of the region.
The third chapter is an analysis of the main types of tourism and recreation in the region under consideration, as well as the application in practice of the skills of drawing up a tour program using the example of the Jasper Way of the Urals.
So Having studied this course work, we can conclude that the Ural region is very attractive for categories of tourists of different levels, as it has opportunities for active sports, travel for business purposes, holding congresses and conferences, studying the history and nature of the country.
Chapter 1. Tourist centers: concept, content and their geography
- The concept and content of the tourist center.
Usually, the concept of a tourist center is associated with any geographic area of \u200b\u200bknown interest to travelers. Tourist centers can be: city, village, rural locality, a special tourist service center, river, lake, sea (ocean), mountain range, unique and typical landscapes, national parks, reserves, sanctuaries, viewing platforms, administrative districts, regions and territories, republics.
Currently, there is no official definition of a tourist center in Russian legislation, but scientists consider the following concept to be the most correct: a tourist center is a tourist destination, including all his recreational opportunities: natural, cultural, historical, ecological, ethnic, socio-demographic, infrastructural. This element is mandatory, since it is impossible to organize a trip without an object of interest. The tourist center is an integral symbol of interest, combining all the motives of the individual regarding recreational resources.
Approaches to the problem of studying tourist centers can be different. The most widespread and traditional presupposes an objective prescription of the recreational potential, that is, the presence of a certain resource or heritage inherent in a given area, due to which interest arises in it, which, in turn, causes tourist flows from other places.
In order to give the most complete classification of the types of tourist centers, it is necessary to use the most essential characteristics that characterize a particular type of tourism, for example, the basic need, the satisfaction of which determines the tourist travel; the main means of transportation used during the trip; accommodation facility; duration of travel; Group members; organizational forms; basic principles of price formation for a tourist product, etc.
In the specialized literature on tourism, a detailed typology of tourist centers is proposed, depending on which cycle of recreational activities (CRD) is implemented in them: cultural and historical; pilgrimage; resort; seaside; Alpine; active and wellness; commercial and business; ecological; festival and congress; water; sports; mountaineering; hunting and fishing; adventure; exotic; ethnographic; entertaining. Based on this typology, it becomes clear that tourist centers can be of a combined orientation.
The typology of tourist centers, on the one hand, reflects a wide variety of recreational activities of tourists, behind which, in turn, are the various needs of people. On the other hand, it is associated with the presence of cultural and natural heritage, recreational resources in a particular place, without which recreational activities cannot be realized. From this, distinguish the following three groups of factors in the formation of tourist centers: generating (related to need), implementing (related to resources) and localizing (related to public awareness).
Also, tourist centers can be federal, regional or local. In Russia, the features of the organization and implementation of activities by the subjects of the tourism industry are determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Thus, the typology of tourist centers correlates the availability of recreational resources and the recreational motivation of the population. The typology of tourist centers can be based on the principle of activity, according to which recreational activities make it possible to present the entire range of services provided in a given center, based on the possibilities to realize specific recreational goals, motivation and needs of tourists.
1.2 Geography of tourist centers in the Ural region
In the very center of Russia, at the junction of two parts of the world - Europe and Asia - the Ural District is located, one of the most important tourist and resort regions of the country. It covers the mountains of the Urals, as well as the Urals and Trans-Urals within the Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg regions, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Udmurtia and the Komi-Permyak national district.Area - 824,000 sq km
The Ural has an advantageous middle position and is connected with other regions of Russia by a developed transport network. The infrastructure of the area is well developed. This is due to the strong urbanization of the territory and its geographic location. The Ural is located between the European part of the country, Siberia and Central Asia, with which it is connected by a developed transport network. The Urals are crossed by highways and railways. Most cities have airports. Local time is 2 hours ahead of Moscow time.
Ural is a multinational region of the Russian Federation. Russians make up the most multinational population group and live in all regions. Tatars are the second largest group. The Komi, Permian Komi, Udmurts live in the northwest, and the Bashkirs in the southwest.
Here, on an area of \u200b\u200b824 thousand km2, more than 19.2 million people live, of which 13.7 million are the population of cities. The area is distinguished by a high concentration of urban agglomerations. Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm and Ufa each have more than 1 million inhabitants; Izhevsk came close to this line.
In the structure of medical and recreational institutions, the first place in the region in terms of the number of places is occupied by recreation centers, followed by sanatoriums and boarding houses with treatment, rest houses, boarding houses and other tourist institutions. The Ural region is especially marked by the development of horticultural associations, the capacity of hunting and fishing farms and the provision of the population with children's camps.
The Ural region has a large number of tourist attractions located in the main tourist centers.
- Ekaterinburg
There are more than 30 museums in Yekaterinburg, over 600 monuments of history and culture, of which 43 are objects of federal significance. The city has many memorable places related to military history. One of these places is the Soviet Army Square. The main element of her architectural complex - the building of the District House of Officers. The right wing of the building houses the Museum of the History of the Ural Military District.
On the square of the Soviet Army you can see the "Black Tulip" memorial complex - this is a monument to those killed in Afghanistan and Chechnya. The common contribution of the Urals people to the victory - both soldiers and home front workers - is symbolized by the "Gray Ural" monument, unveiled in 2005.
There are also unusual, peculiar monuments in Yekaterinburg. For example, a monument to the First Steam Locomotive, a monument to the Invisible Man, the hero of Herbert Wells, a monument to the plumber "Afonya" or a monument "Klava" dedicated to a computer keyboard. One of the interesting buildings in the city is a television tower near the circus, which resembles a chess queen. And the circus has a unique suspended roof under an openwork load-bearing dome - a similar dome can be seen only in Brazil.
The last days of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II are associated with Yekaterinburg. Not far from the city center was the house of the engineer Ipatiev (Ipatiev house). Here, in 1918, a terrible bloody event took place - the murder of the family of the last Russian emperor. In 1977, the Ipatiev House was demolished. And in 2003, the Church on the Blood was erected on this site in the name of All Saints Who Shone in the Russian Land. This is one of the largest Orthodox churches in Yekaterinburg. Not far from Yekaterinburg is the Ganina Yama monastery. A unique temple complex with seven churches at the burial site of the royal remains - a man's monastery in honor of the Holy Royal Passion-bearers. Currently in the village. Koptyaki, 30 km from Yekaterinburg, there is an active male monastery, seven churches were built - each in honor of one of the members of the royal family: Emperor Nicholas II, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatyana, Maria and Anastasia, heir to Alexei Nikolaevich.
The most remarkable sights of Yekaterinburg are theaters and museums. Yekaterinburg is a city of the richest theatrical and cultural traditions. His theaters are among the most famous in Russia. One of the architectural monuments of Yekaterinburg of the pre-revolutionary period is the Opera and Ballet Theater.
The real architectural gem of Yekaterinburg is the palace and park ensemble - the Rastorguev-Kharitonov estate, an example of landscape art of the first half of the 19th century.
The city has a "Literary Quarter" - a park that unites five literary museums in Yekaterinburg, a kind of cultural center. The Literary Quarter opens a monument to A.S. Pushkin, a cast-iron memorial plaque to the Decembrists was installed.
In 2002, at an exhibition held under the auspices of UNESCO in Paris, Yekaterinburg was among the 12 ideal cities in the world. The central exhibit of the exhibition included the Ice Town, built based on Andersen's fairy tale "The Snow Queen". In general, the Ice Town with attractions and ice sculptures is being built in Yekaterinburg annually at main square cities since 1947 for the New Year holidays. The peculiar, unique flavor of Yekaterinburg, the turbulent industrial, scientific and cultural life of the city attracts tourists, travelers, scientists and business people here. The sights of Yekaterinburg reflect the pages of Russian history, the history of the city and the region, as well as the creative and professional path of famous, famous, outstanding people whose life is associated with this city.
1.1.2 Arkaim
The Arkaim Museum-Reserve is located in the very south of the Chelyabinsk Region and is the only large complex reserve in the country that protects and explores natural systems and historical monuments in their relationship. There are more than 70 archaeological sites of various eras: from Stone Age sites to nomad mounds of the 12-14 centuries. new era and much more.
Glory, its uniqueness is the cultural complex - the fortified settlement and the Arkaim necropolis - the remainsa proto-urban civilization of the Bronze Age, about four thousand years old.67 dwellings were identified in the Arkaim settlement. The dwellings were located in a circle, had a trapezoidal shape in the plan, the area of \u200b\u200bthe buildings was 110-180 sq.m. There were very thick inner and outer walls.Circular and radial streets, a spillway and sewerage system, foundations of gate towers, niches and passages inside powerful defensive walls - all this presents an unusually vivid picture and speaks of a high level of architectural solutions and building technologies.
Archaeologists suggest that a city in a small town was inhabited by about two thousand people. But they lived here for a very short time - about two hundred years, one fine day they burned down their hometown, and left no one knows where. There are many versions about who and why built the mysterious city in the Ural steppes. Some say that this is an astronomical object, there are suggestions that ore was smelted in Arkaim, there are opinions that it is something like a cult temple.
Now, decades after the discovery of this city, it is perfectly clear that the main value of the disturbed ruins was, and apparently remains, the construction of this ancient structure, which is nothing more than an encrypted message to the future. And although no jewelry, no masterpieces of ancient art, or signs of unknown writing were found here, this place is one of the most mysterious in Russia.
The landscapes of the reserve are unique. 350 million years ago, there was a volcanic ridge here, and a warm shallow sea lapped, as evidenced by the remains of fossilized sea shells and coral. Until now, on the slopes of Mount Shamanka, in the outcrops of rocks, you can see volcanic "bombs" and the remains of frozen lava.
The valley's special microclimate and varied soils create special conditions for a huge variety of plants. Scientists have recorded over 600 species of them. Live here rare species birds listed in the Red Book - little bustard and burial eagle.
The topic of Arkaim is widely presented in special scientific literature. There are numerous pilgrimages to Arkaim of psychics, bioenergetics, mystics, various theological schools and organizations. of course, ordinary people also come here.
So, Arkaim is one of the most important tourist attractions, as it presents the life and culture of the ancient inhabitants of the Urals. The number of versions about the existence of the ancient city is increasing, interest in Arkaim is expanding and attracts many tourists.
1.1.3 Miass
There is a granite obelisk at the pass through the Ural ridge, where the railway descends to the Miass valley. On the one hand it says "Asia", on the other - "Europe". This geographical border of two continents is located forty kilometers from the city of Miass .
These places are known for their unusually picturesque nature.
The old city center of Miass is considered one of the best mining ensembles in the Urals. The "golden" age of Miass began in 1823, when loose gold was discovered and the washing of gold sand was organized. There are a large number of reservoirs in the city. These are pits flooded with water, from which gold-bearing sand was taken. There are many monuments of history and culture, examples of architecture of all styles of the past. In the old part of the city, the palace of the gold miner Yegor Simonov is interesting. The former trading houses of the merchants Stafeev, Balakin, Smirnov, famous throughout Russia, are beautiful.
The city is also famous for its mineral museum. The museum possesses the richest collection of minerals in the South Urals, here are collected minerals of almost the entire system of elements of Mendeleev.
Every year in July, near the town of Miass, on the shore of Lake Ilmen, a festival of art songs takes place... The festival brings together tens of thousands of like-minded people in the open air. It also has great European significance.
In the immediate vicinity of the city there is a real Ural pearl - Lake Turgoyak ,
its depth is 34 meters. Turgoyak is included in the lists of the most valuable lakes in the world, the most beautiful landscapes of the country. The lake is surrounded by mountains. On the shores of Lake Turgoyak, a landscape park has been created, where there is also its own reserve - a zone of peace, where no man's foot has gone, it is necessary for the reproduction of an animal and flora local forests. Just 300 meters from Lake Turgoyak, there is another natural treasure - Lake Inyshko.
The richest collections of samples of the Ural nature are collected in Miass. This is one of those cities in which the atmosphere of the Ural life is felt. Currently, a resort, sanatorium and tourist zone is developing in Miass (resorts on Lake Turgoyak, ski slopes, tours to the peaks of the Southern Urals on snowmobiles, Taganay National Park).
This city and its surroundings are attractive for different categories of tourists.
1.1.4 Chelyabinsk
Chelyabinsk is the administrative center of the Chelyabinsk region, the cultural, industrial and scientific center of the South Urals. Chelyabinsk is located on the eastern slope of the Southern Urals, on the Miass River. The leading role in the city's economy is played by enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, metalworking, chemical enterprises and woodworking plants. Coal mining is underway near Chelyabinsk.
Chelyabinsk was founded in 1736 as a Russian fortress in the Chelyaba tract, on the right bank of the Miass River. Since 1934 the city has been the center of the Chelyabinsk region.
Chelyabinsk has the following objects of interest:
1) "Chelyabinsk Arbat". Kirovka, or Chelyabinsk Arbat, is the name of a pedestrian street in the center of Chelyabinsk. It's kind of " business card"the city, one of the main attractions, a favorite place for walking the townspeople. There are architectural monuments of the 19-20 centuries, life-size bronze figures are installed - a beggar, a guitarist, a Lefty and a flea, a policeman, a fire coach; points and places for recreation and entertainment, the main post office and zero verst; musicians perform.
2) The sculptural and landscape composition "Sphere of Love", which symbolizes a happy family life.
3) The Ural Lightning Ice Sports Palace named after the six-time Olympic champion, a native of Chelyabinsk, Lidia Skoblikova. The building of the Ice Palace houses the only skating museum in Russia.
There are a large number of theaters in Chelyabinsk:Chelyabinsk State Academic Drama Theater named after Naum Orlov,
Chelyabinsk State Drama Chamber Theater, Chelyabinsk State Regional Puppet Theater, Chelyabinsk state theater young spectator, etc.
Among the museums of Chelyabinsk, the Geological and Mineralogical Museum located on the embankment, famous for its collection of Ural gems, is interesting. The next unique museum, the Chelyabinsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, is one of the oldest in the region. The exposition presents a bright, amazing in its diversity world of the wild nature of the South Urals, the life of the indigenous settlers of the South Urals and the ancient remains of animals and plants of the area.
The city is home to the Chelyabinsk Art Gallery, which presents exhibitions of Western European and Russian fine arts, decorative and theatrical art. Collection picture gallery has more than 11 thousand works of Russian and foreign painting, sculpture, graphics, decorative and applied and folk art, including house architectural wooden carving of old Chelyabinsk.
One of the largest exhibition halls in Russia is located in Chelyabinsk - the exhibition hall of the Union of Artists has been operating in Chelyabinsk since 1980. The facade of the building where the exhibition hall is located is also interesting. It is decorated with three sculptural reliefs that represent painting, sculpture and architecture.
A favorite place for recreation of residents of Chelyabinsk is the Yuri Gagarin Park, smoothly turning into a city forest. In the forest, there are many beautiful quarries that form a water labyrinth among pine trees and granite rocks. The Children's Railway passes through the forest, and next to the park there is a permanent city zoo, where a very rare character of the world fauna lives - the Far Eastern leopard. Other popular recreational areas include the Aloe Pole Park and the Pushkin City Garden.
The number of temple monuments in Chelyabinsk is small. These include the Alexander Nevsky Church (consecrated in 1911), which houses the Organ Hall. Not far from the Chelyabinsk circus is the Trinity Church.
So Chelyabinsk is not only an industrially developed city, but also a tourist center with a good number of objects of tourist interest.
1.1.5 Nizhny Tagil
Nizhniy Tagil is a recognized center for the formation and development of mining in the Middle Urals. Built in 1725 by Nikita and Akinfiy Demidov, the Nizhniy Tagil ironworks was the largest and most modern in Russia and Europe.
The old Nizhniy Tagil plant became the basis and support for one of the industrial giants of the 20th century - the Nizhniy Tagil metallurgical plant. Dozens of years later, NTMK metallurgists became one of the initiators of the creation of the industrial landscape "Demidov Park".
The main elements of "Demidov Park" are the Nizhniy Tagil Museum-Plant with its complex of monuments of industrial culture, the Nizhniy Tagil Museum of Local Lore with its unique exposition, and the historical and ethnographic museum complex. The total area of \u200b\u200b"Demidov-Park" will be more than 25 sq. Km. Of the nine planned zones of Demidov Park, work has already been completed in four.
It is planned to develop the tourist route "Iron Ring ", showing Russia as a powerful industrial power. The "iron ring" includes: Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk, Visim and younger cities such as Kachkanar.
Many sights of Nizhny Tagil are associated with its industrial history. The oldest museum of the city is the Museum-Reserve of Factory Business of the Middle Urals, founded in 1841. The museum-reserve includes a museum of local lore, a museum of the history of tray craft, literary-memorial museums of the writers A.P. Bondin (a native of Nizhny Tagil) and D.N.Mamin-Sibiryak.
In the vicinity of Nizhniy Tagil, there are archaeological sites, including Mount Goliy Kamen, on the top of which a smelting site of the early Iron Age was discovered, on the eastern slope there is a Paleolithic man's site, and at the foot there are the remains of a cast iron blast furnace of the 14th century. The Poludenkovskoe bog is located 8 km west of Nizhniy Tagil, on the banks of which 12 sites of the Mesolithic and Neolithic times were found. 8 km south of the city there is the Gorbunovsky peat bog with 20 archaeological sites of various eras - from the Mesolithic to the early Iron Age. Mount Medved-Kamen, where the "Ermakovo settlement" was discovered - the camp of the Ermak detachment, who descended down the Tagil in 1581 during their trip to Siberia.
The Denezhkin Kamen reserve is located near the city.According to an ancient legend, the Mansi peoples had sacred mountain, where they performed pagan rituals, prayed to their gods, then put coins on the stones - money. The peak got its name thanks to these coins. At present, the area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 78.2 thousand hectares. On the territory of the reserve there are 48 species of plants and 10 species of birds included in the Red Book, eight are relics and 15 are endemic to the Urals.
Nizhny Tagil is one of the tourist centers of the Urals, it has preserved the elements of the factory life of the XIX century, there are still old and reconstructed Demidov factories, workers' settlements.
1.1.6 Verkhoturye
Verkhoturye is a very ancient city located in the Urals and built on the site of the Mansi settlement. Its foundation coincided with the campaigns of Ermak and took place in 1598. For 200 years the city has been an administrative, political, economic and cultural center. It is located on both sides of the Tura River. This city is included in the list of 115 cities in the country with valuable urban ensembles and complexes.
Modern Verkhoturye is famous, first of all, for the shrine (storage) with the relics of Simeon of Verkhoturye. 60 km from Verkhoturye, in the villageMerkushino is the restored after reconstruction Simeonovskoye Compound of the Novo-Tikhvinsky women's monastery, which includes 2 churches connected by a covered gallery: Simeonovsky and Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky. The altar is located directly above the tomb containing the holy spring. It is in Merkushino that thousands of pilgrims flock, who come to pray, drink holy water from a healing spring.
This city is located far from the main religious centers of Russia. This is one of the oldest cities located beyond the Urals. In 1604, the Nicholas Monastery was established in Verkhoturye, the first Orthodox monastery in Siberia. This city has an unusual architecture for the Siberian region, which attracts not only pilgrims, but also tourists. The only Kremlin beyond the Urals was built here, which houses the main religious center of the city - the Trinity Cathedral.
Having gone to pilgrimage tour in Verkhoturye you can visit: the Church of the Savior Not Made by Hands, the Holy Trinity Church included in the UNESCO list, the Svyatonikolaevsky Monastery, the Church of the Archangel Michael, the Church of the Saint Nicholas, the Church of the Holy Righteous Semeon of Verkhoturye, the Intercession Convent, the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, the relics of saints Semeon of Verkhoturye, the New Martyr Constantine, Kosma of Yurodiev, the Monk Elijah, the Monk Aref and other saints of God, the source of Saint Verkhoturye, the life-giving source. Also the river Tura, the nature of the middle Urals and the ancient Ural capital, the times of the Romanov dynasty, and much more.
By 2015, the old Ural city of Verkhoturye is planned to be turned into the largest interregional tourist center "Spiritual Center of the Urals", which receives up to 300 thousand people a year. Thanks to a number of regional target programs, the old Verkhoturye is completely revived: churches and monuments are being restored, new roads are being built, water supply systems, sewerage systems and other objects of urban engineering infrastructure are being created.
Verkhoturye is the Orthodox center of the Ural region, which attracts tourists from all over the country and abroad.
The rest of the tourist centers of the Ural region are:
1) Solikamsk is one of the oldest cities in the Urals. The main attraction is the architectural and ethnographic complex Museum of History "Salts of Russia". The uniqueness of the museum is primarily in the fact that it presents the only complex of the industrial cycle of salt mining of the 19th century that has survived to this day.
2) Nevyansk is the patrimony of the famous Ural dynasty of the Demidovs. The most famous landmark of the city is the "falling" Nevyansk tower, the old English striking clock, the restored Transfiguration Cathedral, which is an architectural monument of federal significance.
3) Ufa is a city in Russian Federation, the capital of Bashkiria, a large industrial and cultural center of the Urals; Ufa is the largest oil refining center in Russia. Ufa is interesting for many historical and archaeological monuments. On the southwestern outskirts of the city there is an ancient burial mound and a settlement, on the right bank of the Dema River there is a settlement known as the "Hanging Stone". The architecture of Ufa is characterized by a combination of different styles and traditions; a considerable number of interesting ancient monuments have survived. It is interesting that churches of both Christian and Muslim religions have survived and function in Ufa.
The life of the national hero of Bashkiria Salavat Yulaev, writers S.T.Aksakov and S.D.Dovlatov, conductor V.T. Spivakov is closely connected with Ufa.
4) Orenburg is the center of the region of the same name, located in the South Ural steppes, located on the Ural River. In Orenburg, small tracts of beautiful old merchant (18-19 centuries) buildings have been preserved. The names of many famous people are associated with Orenburg: T.G. Shevchenko, Yu.A. Gagarin, M.L. Rastropovich, and others. There are a large number of museums here: the Space Museum, the Memorial Apartment Museum of Leopold and Mstislav Rostropovich, the Orenburg Regional History and Local Lore Museum, the Museum of Military Glory and the Afghan War, etc. Orenburg has many interesting theaters of national importance. The Orenburg downy shawl is quite famous, which allows us to speak of it as one of the attractions of Orenburg; exhibitions dedicated to this folk craft are constantly held here.
More than one thousand natural monuments have been identified in the Orenburg region.
5) Perm is a large center of heavy industry. Also, it is rich in sights. The very first are the Kamsky Bridge and the Kama River embankment. Perm is famous for its theatrical and musical traditions: built in 1878. stone building of the opera house, art gallery named after artist V.V. Vereshchagin. Other sights of this city: House of steamer Meshkov, Perm State Art Gallery, Cathedral of Peter and Paul, Turbinsky burial ground of the 16th-14th centuries. BC (a monument of archeology of the Bronze Age), there are also various secular and religious monuments of architecture from different times.
This chapter examined the concept and content of tourist centers on the example of the Ural region. This area is rich in cultural and historical monuments. On the territory of the region there is a huge number of architectural monuments, monasteries, factories, reserves. Museums, galleries and theaters are an integral part of the cultural life of the Urals. Tourist resources are fully developed, capable of attracting tourists of different categories and travelers with different purposes.
Chapter 2. Tourist zone and its resource components.
2.1 Natural state
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URAL TOUR. REGION
The Ural tourist region occupies the mountains of the Urals, the Cis-Urals and the Trans-Urals. Administratively, this includes Perm region... Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk regions, Bashkiria and the eastern part of Udmurtia. The Urals is the most important industrial region of Russia with a high population density. In terms of landscape, the region can be divided into several parts. The Ural ridge consists of the middle-altitude Northern Urals (1569 m above sea level), the low-mountain Middle Urals (up to 700 m above sea level), and the middle-mountainous South Urals (1640 m above sea level). The foothill plains are bordered in the west by the Verkhnekamsk (300-330 m above sea level) and Butulminsko-Bele-beevskaya (380-420 m above sea level) uplands.
The foothills in the north are covered with taiga vegetation, in the middle part spruce-fir, cedar and larch forests on the slopes turn into broad-leaved and aspen, in the southern part - forest-steppe and steppe. The mountains are covered with spruce and fir forest, the peaks of the Northern and Southern Urals are rocky and treeless.
The territory of the region is flooded with a large number of rivers, the largest of which are the Kama, Belaya, Ural, Tura, Iset, as well as their tributaries: Chusovaya, Yuryuzan, InzerAi, Mias). There are many lakes in the foothills: Uvildy, Argazi, Irtyash, Shartash, Kalkak. Among the water bodies, the Kama reservoir plays an important role. The swimming season in the north of the Ural region is rather short - only about one month, while in the south it reaches three.
The region has many unique natural attractions that deserve special attention karst caves, of which there are over 500. The largest of them is Sumchan-Kutuk, the length of which reaches 8 km. Ilmensky Mineralogical Reserve is also world famous.
The climate of the region is continental. The level of light solar radiation varies from insufficient in the north (1650 hours) to moderate in the south (1800 hours). In the north, the level of ultraviolet radiation in winter is insufficient, in the rest of the territory it is optimal. The frost-free period lasts from 95 to 140 days. Summer is warm. The average July temperature is + 18 ° C. Winter is moderately cold. The average January temperature is -15 ° C. In the north, the snow cover lasts 150-190 days, and in the south for about 10 days. Its height reaches 40-60 cm.
In general, the bioclimatic conditions of the Ural region contribute to the development of sports and health tourism.
Hydromineral resources of the Ural region are quite diverse. Along with sulphate drinking waters and chloride sodium bromine brines, ferrous carbonic, hydrogen sulphide, bromic, iodine-bromine and radon waters are widespread here.
The resources of therapeutic mud in the region are represented by peat and sapropel mud. There are small lake-key deposits of silt sulphide mud.
In Bashkiria there is a unique natural resort Yan-gantau, where natural hot vapors (40-50 ° C) and dry hot (50-70 ° C) gases coming to the surface from the cracks of the Yangantau mountain are the main healing factor; they contain oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and organic matter. Another healing resource of the resort is the subthermal radioactive source.
The cultural and historical potential of the region is very diverse, which contributes to the development of educational tourism. There are unique archaeological sites, including the Kapo-va cave with ancient rock paintings, examples of religious Orthodox and Muslim buildings, and local history museums.
Practically in all the old Ural cities there are many architectural sights, different in style, epoch and purpose.
The Urals are famous for their crafts and trades: in Kasli - iron casting, in Nizhny Tagil - lacquer trays, in Tavolga - ceramics, in Kungur - stone carving, etc.
The region has a well-developed infrastructure due to the high level of urbanization of the territory, as well as its geographical location. Highways and railways pass through the Urals. The majority regional cities connected to other regions by airlines.
Despite the fact that tourism in the Ural region is represented by various types, the recreational network here is underdeveloped. There are rest houses and sanatoriums in each region, but many of them are not functioning now, as they need additional financing and reconstruction.
The main tourist centers of the region are Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Ufa, Nizhny Tagil, Nevyansk.
In general, the Ural region is promising for the development of various types of tourism.
SVERDLOVSK REGION
The Sverdlovsk Region is the largest region in the Urals. The region occupies the middle, and covers the northern part of the Ural Mountains, the adjacent outskirts of the West Siberian Lowland (Trans-Urals) and partially - the Cis-Urals (extreme southwest).
Highest point - Mount Konzhakovsky stone (1569 m). The northernmost point is Yanygkhachechahl Mountain (1023.8 m). The region is crossed by the border between two parts of the world, Europe and Asia.
The main part of the region is covered with forests, in the mountainous part it is mainly dark coniferous taiga, turning with height into moss-lichen tundra, and on the plains prevail pine forests, passing in the south of the region into aspen-birch forests with areas of forest-steppe. On average, forests occupy about 70% of the region's territory. The southern part of the region is well developed and cultivated, while the northern part is poorly populated and therefore little modified. More than 1900 different plant species grow within the region and about 212 species of various animals and birds live.
Types of tourism: ecological, skiing, speleotourism, river rafting, walking routes, cultural and educational (excursion).
The beauty and diversity of the natural resources of the Urals are the main tourist and recreational potential. On the territory of the region there is a biosphere reserve "Visimsky", a reserve "Denezhkin Kamen", a national park "Prypyshminsky Bory", about 60 reserves have been created, including a natural-mineralogical reserve "Rezhevsky", an ornithological reserve "Sysertsky", a botanical reserve for the protection of orchids "Gornoshchitsky". Traditionally popular are tourist routes in the Subpolar Urals, river adventure rafting (the Chusovaya river and others), and ski resorts are developing. There are deposits of collection minerals.
Historical and cultural heritage is largely associated with the history of the development of the main resource base of the Russian Empire. Nizhny Tagil Museum-Reserve "Mining Urals" (Nizhny Tagil) unites 12 museums of various profiles: the ethnographic museum of everyday life and crafts of the mining population ("Lord's House"), the Museum of the History of Tray Crafts ("House of the Khudoyarovs"), the Mineralogical Museum named after A.E. Fersman (the village of Murzinka), a museum-plant for the development of ferrous metallurgy technology, etc. Popular museum-reserve of wooden architecture and folk art in the village. Lower Sinyachikha. The museum presents a detailed architectural and landscape reconstruction with a temple dominating over the village, on the axis of which one-storey rural buildings are held.
The region has the Yekaterinburg Museum of Fine Arts (Yekaterinburg), the Museum of the History of Stone-Cutting and Jewelry Art (Yekaterinburg), the Fedorov Geological Museum (Krasnoturinsk), etc. A number of expositions are dedicated to famous artists: the Alapaevsky Museum of P.I. Tchaikovsky, the house-museum of P.P. Bazhov (Yekaterinburg), house-museum of D.N. Mamina-Sibiryak (Yekaterinburg), etc.
CHELYABINSK REGION
The Chelyabinsk region is an emerald of forests in the setting of a harsh climate, but despite this, local winters are unique, the snow cover reaches a height of one meter and can lie up to 9 months a year. The short summer, nevertheless, allows nature to rage in the national parks, and the snow melting ensures the fullness of the lakes, which give a certain charm to the event called tourism in the Chelyabinsk region.
This region is rich in nature reserves and reserves, which are of great interest to visit. Protected areas occupy about 1 million hectares, the vastness stretching beyond the horizon, fascinate, help to protect endangered plant species, and simply make tourism in Russia extremely attractive. The creation of these natural monuments pursues a good goal, they not only restore the ecological balance in the region, but also create an environment favorable for human existence here.
The Chelyabinsk region is also attractive for its hydrography, on its territory there are rivers and more than 3000 lakes of indescribable beauty. The blue of the water surface, framed in the emerald of the shores, attracts, and sanatoriums and recreation centers are always ready to receive connoisseurs of the pristine beauty of nature.
At first glance, the village of Paris, located here, is not very interesting for such a phenomenon as tourism in the Chelyabinsk region. But this is only at first glance, the local Eiffel Tower is located here, which looks quite interesting against the backdrop of snow-covered spaces.
Among the places that really popularize tourism in Russia, it is worth noting Arkaim - a settlement that was inhabited at the turn of the III-II centuries. BC. Today, defensive structures, burial grounds and the landscape of that time have been preserved here. In this settlement of the Bronze Age, excavations are underway, which day after day open the curtain of mystery, opening more and more new pages of the history of this region, because the Chelyabinsk region, like no other, is rich in mysteries that make tourism in the Chelyabinsk region not only fascinating, but also extremely informative ...
The Arkhangelsk mine is of no less value for historians and archaeologists who are interested in tourism in Russia. This multi-layered settlement was discovered in 1982, which made such a distant region as Chelyabinsk Oblast interesting for anyone interested in Bronze Age finds. Among the artifacts found here, the bulk are items that indicate metallurgical production, these are arrowheads, needles and much more. The most interesting find was the zoomorphic figurine of a waterfowl.
Among the places that are worth exploring, if you have already decided on tourism in the Chelyabinsk region, there are two pearls that, despite their young age, are attracting more and more attention.
In the city of Magnitogorsk, which is one of the world's largest metallurgical centers, there is a temple that attracts attention for a long time. The Church of the Ascension of the Lord was under construction for almost 20 years, but the stops, which were provoked by a lack of funds, could not stop its construction. Stunning beauty white temple complex is the spiritual center of the entire Urals and makes tourism in Russia impossible without visiting this place.
The second pearl that the Chelyabinsk region hides in itself is the Cathedral Mosque in the same Magnitogorsk. Its prototype is the Dome of the Rock mosque located in the vicinity of Jerusalem. The temple is equipped with separate rooms for men and women, and in the amenity building there is a library, ablution centers, Imam's apartments and much more, which turns tourism in the Chelyabinsk region into not only an exciting, but also a spiritual journey.
