Apr 26, 2016
Age of the great geographical discoveries has long ended, the world map is fully formed and replete tourist routes... Lovers of traditional relaxation enjoy. But there are also those who do not stop at what they have known and constantly strive for new heights. the site tells about contemporaries, for whom travel is not a vacation, but the meaning of life associated with the constant overcoming of the elements.
Russia owns a lot of both domestic and global geo- and ethnographic discoveries and research. At one time, the country was glorified by many travelers who mastered unknown lands. Centuries later, their exploits inspire our compatriots to new achievements - to repeat the historical route or create their own special one.
The heroes of our time set a very real goal for themselves and approach it from a young age, or after a long career. Passion for travel generates project after project, inspiring people around the world for personal travel, and our heroes selflessly share their successes, publishing books, participating in exhibitions of paintings and photos, unite like-minded people.
Fedor Konyukhov was born and raised on the shore Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov... He began to conquer the sea element with his father on a fishing boat, and then on his own. Sport, military service and study tempered the character and brought up endurance, resourcefulness and courage, which would later be manifested in expeditions to conquer the highest mountain peaks, water, air and land travel.
In the biography of Fyodor Konyukhov, there is a significant moment when he gets a pectoral cross from his grandfather, the great conqueror of the north, Georgy Sedov. The Russian explorer left it before the last trip to the North Pole in the hope that Mikhail Konyukhov will hand the cross to the child who can get to the Arctic.
Fyodor was able to achieve his cherished goal three times: by following the route of the legendary Vitus Bering and recreating the conditions of that period; as part of the Soviet-Canadian transantarctic ski expedition, as well as making a solo 72-day hike to the North Pole in 1990.
Subsequently, Fyodor conquered the South Pole in 59 days, participated in land and led expeditions, carried out single sea voyages, 6 round-the-world voyages; climbed 7 peaks of the world, and this year plans, bypassing 33-35 thousand km through the Tasman Sea, Pacific Ocean, Chile, Argentina, Atlantic Ocean, Cape Good Hope, Indian Ocean, go back.
Wherever the Russian traveler is, his trips are associated with research and development. russian scienceas well as creativity. He is the author of 17 books and 3000 paintings.
Successful Russian businessman Sergei Dolya called the fear of air travel the main reason for traveling.
Overcoming oneself led to a hobby, which Sergey talks about in the blog "Page of Virtual Travelers", trying to acquaint with the uniqueness of each visited place, be it a village in the Russian outback, or a fishing village in Tanzania.
Sergey Share in the Toyota expedition in the Far North in 2016 The expedition with Sergey's participation moves across the ice of the Laptev Sea to the northernmost port of Tiksi locality Yakutia, located far beyond the Arctic Circle.Photoreports are collected showrooms, publications are formed into two full-fledged books, and Dolya sets himself new tasks: he fights garbage dumps for the sake of the country, is rapidly losing weight for the sake of health, visits the mystical Dyatlov Pass. The most patriotic project is "Exprussia": in 2014, Share with like-minded people.
The founder of the Academy of Free Travel, Anton Krotov, is the author of about 40 books about visiting cities in Russia, Europe, Africa, Asia, America, as well as the features of safe stay and hitchhiking, finding fellow travelers and the sights of the usual way of life in these places.
The most important project of the traveler is the House for All, which has existed since 2006, which has become a base for explorers in various countries.
Vladislav Ketov. Journey Around the Earth, Main Stage, 1998 - 2000: America. Photo from the site www.ketov.ru.The founder of the Ethical Ecological Movement (EDEM), a resident of St. Petersburg, Vladislav Ketov, considers the preservation of life on earth and the protection of the environment to be global values. For this he received from the United Nations Environment Organization (UNEP) in 1995 the official status of a representative.
Map of the first ever travel around the earth along coastlineby Vladislav Ketov. Photo from the site www.ketov.ru.The bicycle, as an ecological mode of transport, and the desire to travel a unique route helped to realize in practice the very first ever travel around the earth (along the coastline of the continents) from May 14, 1991 to June 3, 2012.
Having traveled 167,000 km and visited 86 countries, without passing the war zones (Yugoslavia, the Middle East, Western Sahara, Angola, Mozambique, Northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, Cambodia, Colombia), mainly in difficult-to-pass places, Ketov communicated with the local population, gave press conferences and painted graphic portraits for memory.
Vladimir Nesin
Vladimir has always been fond of a healthy lifestyle, sports (sambo) and hiking, so after retirement he took up barefoot hiking around the world. Currently, more than 100 countries have passed, using only GPS without a map from gadgets and devices. In 1999, he received a Citizen of the World passport in Australia and strives to pass on his experience to the younger generation.
Anatoly Khizhnyak
Sports hobbies pushed Anatoly Khizhnyak to travel alone. As a boy of fourteen, he had already crossed Kola Peninsula, and in 1991 he went to South America, where he walked 500 km through the Amazon jungle. It is considered the best expert in Peru in Russia.
Expedition to Peru with Anatoly KhizhnyakThey call him the Russian Indiana Jones, because the journey through South America started without any idea of \u200b\u200bthe language, practically without a map, during a real war between the local population and almost died after being in the Inca cave.
Leonid Kruglov
Currently, Leonid Kruglov is preparing a documentary project "The Great Northern Route".Traveler and documentary filmmaker Leonid Kruglov, based on the latest facts and research, repeated the path of the first Russian round-the-world travel I.F. Kruzenshtern to create a complete reconstruction and documentary film. For 13 months on the legendary barque "Sedov" three oceans were crossed again.
Text: Olga Mikhailova
Roald Amundsen and the search for the Northwest Passage. Amundsen was born into a family of Norwegian ship owners. Despite his mother's promises to become a doctor, Roald joined the family business after her death. His first expedition was the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897-1899, where he was the first assistant to Adrien de Gerlache. The very first independent expedition led by Amundsen set out to find the Northwest Passage (presumably linking the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean in the north) in 1903. This elusive passage has been the target of many explorers since 1539. It was then that Cortés commissioned Francisco Uloa to sail along the Baja Peninsula in California. Amundsen began his journey with six crew members aboard a 47 ton steel sealer ship called Ioa. The journey began in the Baffin Sea, the movement began decisively, but then the team settled down for the winter, disappearing from the public eye for two whole years. During this time, Roald became friends with the Eskimos, having learned a lot from them. The Norwegian learned how to survive in perpetual cold by learning to use sled dogs and wearing skins instead of wool jackets. During this time, Amundsen was able to make some more scientific notes about magnetism. The expedition then took a course around the southern coast of Victoria Island and along the northern coast of Canada and Alaska. From the coast of this state, the last stage of the expedition began, 800 kilometers inland to the town of Eagle City, where there was a telegraph. From here Amundsen announced his success to the whole world on December 5, 1905. Having overwintered right there, the traveler arrived in Oslo only in 1906. Amundsen found Norway separating from Sweden, announcing his achievement for the whole of Norway to the new king, Haakon. But Amundsen did not stop in his desire for new discoveries, becoming the first person to reach the South Pole and one of the first to fly over the North Pole by air.
Hernan Cortez and the fall of the Aztec empire. Hernan Cortez was born in 1485 in Medellin, in the then Kingdom of Castile in Spain. He entered the University of Salamanca when he was fourteen, but soon tired of his studies and returned to Medellin. At that moment, news of Columbus's discovery came to the country. Cortez quickly assessed the prospects of conquering new lands and in 1504 departed for New World... The Spaniard planned to become a colonist on the island of Hispaniola (now the island of Haiti). It was there that he registered as a citizen upon arrival. In 1506, Cortez took an active part in the conquest of Haiti and Cuba and was awarded real estate and Indian slaves. In 1518 he led an expedition to Mexico. But the Spanish governor, fearing rivalry from Cortez, canceled the campaign. This did not stop Cortez, he hit the road anyway. In February 119 he was accompanied by 11 ships, 500 men, 13 horses and several cannons. Arriving on the Yucatan Peninsula, Cortez burned his ships, thus cutting off his way back. Here the explorer met with Jerónimo de Aguillare, a Spanish priest who survived the shipwreck and was captured by the Maya. Over time, he became Cortez's translator. In March, Yucatan was declared Spanish possession, and Hernan himself received 20 young women as a tribute from the conquered tribes, one of whom, Malinche, became his mistress and the mother of his child Martin. The woman became not just a concubine, but also a translator and advisor. The Spaniard quickly attracted thousands of Indians to his side, who were tired of the domination of the Aztecs, promising them independence. When Cortez entered the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan in November 1519, he was greeted by Emperor Montezuma II. He considered Cortes an incarnation and messenger of the god Quetzalcoatl. The abundance of gold gifts and wealth around the Spaniard turned his head, and the authorities decided to return their obstinate explorer. When Cortez learned that a group of troops was sent to him from Cuba, he left part of his troops in Tenochtitlan, and he himself departed for the Mexico City valley. When Cortez returned to the city, a rebellion broke out. In 1521, the Aztec troops were suppressed, and their entire empire was conquered. Cortez ruled all of Mexico until 1524.
Journey of Charles Darwin in the Beagle. Charles Darwin was born in 1809. Even before he even started attending school, he developed a keen interest in nature studies and collecting. While studying medicine at the University of Edinburgh, Darwin quickly realized that this direction was not for him. Instead, he became interested in taxidermy under the direction of John Edmonstone, who had accompanied Charles Waterton on his journey through the rainforests of South America. In his second year of study, Darwin joined the Pliniy Scientific Society, becoming a member of the group for the study of the history of nature. There he began to study the classification of plants and animals. Darwin's father, annoyed by his son's studies, decided to transfer him to study at Cambridge. A letter from John Henslow, Charles' friend and professor of botany, played an important role. He proposed Darwin as a free naturalist for the captain of the "Beagle" Robert Fitzroy. Charles immediately accepted the offer to participate in a two-year expedition to the South American coast. The journey began on December 27, 1831 and lasted almost 5 years. Darwin spent most of his time researching geological specimens and collecting collections of natural history... At this time, the ship itself was exploring the coast. The route of the expedition ran from Portsmouth, England to St. Iago (now Santiago), Darwin visited Cape Verde, Brazil and Patagonia, Chile and the Galapagos Islands. Then there was south coast Australia, Cocos Islands, Cape Town and South Africa. During the expedition, Charles did not use any clear instructions. However, in his work, he applied the works of several famous geologists and natural scientists. Indeed, during his time at the university, Darwin was influenced by Robert Grant, William Paley (Proof of Christianity), John Henslow, Alexander von Humboldt (Personal Narrative) and John Herschel. During his travels, Darwin became acquainted with thousands of species. When the scientist returned home and tried to catalog his collection, ideas began to form in his head, which served as the basis for the fundamental work "On the Origin of Species" and the entire theory of evolution. This work became defining in the life of the scientist, placing his name in history.
Fernand Magellan and the first trip around the world. Magellan was born in 1480 in Sabroza, Portugal. When the boy was only 10 years old, his parents died. Little Fernand became Queen Eleanor's page. Already in his youth, the future navigator visited Egypt, India and Malaysia. But the royal family did not like Magellan's projects, and in 1517, together with the cosmographer Faleiro, he offered his services to the Spanish crown. At the time, the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between Portugal and Spain. Magellan calculated that the bordering Maluku Islands belonged to the Spaniards, offering them his services to find a way to them. The expedition was approved by King Charles V, and on September 20, 1519 Magellan, along with 5 ships, left the country. The crew consisted of 234 men from Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece and France. Initially, the route of the expedition lay in Brazil, and then, along the South American coast to San Julian, in Patagonia. There was a wintering, and there was also an attempted rebellion. Part of the team demanded to return back to Spain. Magellan brutally suppressed the riot, executing the leader and shackling his accomplices. In September 1520, the expedition discovered the Strait of Magellan. By that time, there were three ships left. The South Sea was called the Pacific Ocean by the navigator because there were no storms on it. After landing on the island of Guam, followed by a grueling raid to the Philippine Islands. Magellan sailed there in the spring of 1521. The Spaniard decided to subordinate the local lands to the crown and got involved in an internecine war between the two local tribes. Fernand Magellan himself died during the battles. The survivors were forced to sink one ship, another turned back. Only the Victoria reached Spain on September 8, 1522, with 18 survivors, led by Captain Juan Elcano, a former rebel. Interestingly, Magellan's flight was not planned that way. A round-the-world trip could not have a commercial effect in principle. Only under threat of attack by the Portuguese, "Victoria" continued to follow to the west.
Travels of Marco Polo. This researcher is the earliest on our list. But it was he who inspired many of his followers to new geographical discoveries. Marco was born in Venice, presumably in 1254. Both his father, Niccolo, and uncle Matteo were wealthy merchants who traded with the Middle East. When Marco was born, his father was away, they saw each other only 15 years later. The family reunited for two years, living in Venice, after which the merchants went to China in 1271. They were sent there with letters from Pope Gregory X to Kublai Khan, whom the elder Polo had met during a previous expedition. The journey went through Armenia, Persia, Afghanistan, the Pamir Mountains, along the Silk Road through the Gobi Desert and up to Beijing. Such a long way took three whole years! The next 15 years of his life, Marco Polo spent as a Chinese government official, he was both the ambassador of the Khan and the governor of the city of Yangzhou. With the help of Khan and his servants, the merchant learned the Mongolian language. Also, the Italian conducted several expeditions to areas of China, India and Burma that were still unknown until this moment. In 1291, the khan married one of his princesses to a Persian Ilkhan, and allowed the Polo family to accompany the delegation. The Italians visited Sumatra and Ceylon and through Iran and the Black Sea returned to Venice. Little is known about the further history of the researcher's life. He fought in the war with Genoa and was taken prisoner in 1298. While in captivity, Polo met the writer Rusticano, who helped the merchant write down stories about his travels. The published book, known as Marco Polo's Travels, has become one of the most popular in medieval Europe. It should be noted that the discoveries of the Italian would not have been possible without his father and uncle, who have already paved the way to China, establishing contacts with the Great Khan.
Livingston and Stanley Travels. Dr. David Livingston was a missionary sent to Africa in 1841. He decided to study inner world continent, when it suddenly turned out that the mission in Kolobeng, where he worked, was closed. It was Livingstone who first discovered Victoria Falls and became one of the first Europeans to make a transcontinental journey across Africa. Then the attention of the Englishman was attracted by the source of the Nile, the secret of which is more than three thousand years old. His journey began from Zanzibar along the Ruvuma River to Lake Malawi and then to Ujiji on the shores of Lake Tanganyika. By that time, Livingston was practically alone, most of his cargo and medicines were stolen. No wonder David got sick. But he stubbornly moved on, discovering lakes Mweru and Bangweulu. By the end of March 1871, the Englishman reached the Lualaba River, believing that it was precisely its source that was the source of the Nile. But unable to travel further, Livingston returned to Ujiji, where he found that all his supplies of fresh water had been stolen. Although there was no longer an opportunity to travel further, Livingstone's discoveries became invaluable - no one had ever crawled so deep into the heart of Africa. By that time, rumors about the disappearance of Livingston's expedition and about his death had filled Europe and America. This information caught the attention of the young American journalist Henry Morton Stanley. He was born in Wales and became an orphan as a child, and at the age of eighteen he moved to the New World. The young man began working for the merchant Henry Stanley, and when he died, he took his name and joined the Confederate army. After the end of the Civil War, Stanley became a journalist working for the New York Herald. It was this publication that financed the expedition to find Livingstone's expedition, which began in Zanzibar. Stanley followed the route of his predecessor, facing many of the same problems - desertion and tropical disease. On October 27, 1871, Stanley found Livingston ailing in Ujiji on October 27, 1871. The Englishman stood among a group of Arab slave traders, and the journalist greeted him with the phrase that later became famous: "Dr. Livingston, I suppose?" Stanley's expedition numbered about 200 experienced porters, most of whom fled or died along the way. Stanley also flogged those who refused to move on. But Livingston walked along with the freed slaves, twelve sepoys and two faithful servants from previous travels. It was they who brought the body of a researcher who died in 1873 to the coast, from where it was delivered to England.
Lewis and Clark. Expansion to the west. In 1803 America turned its attention to the West, to Louisiana. The American government did not really know what land they had previously acquired from France. That is why President Thomas Jefferson directed Congress to provide $ 2,500 for the expedition, which was prepared just weeks after the deal was closed. The research was to be led by Army Captain Merriweather Lewis, who had chosen William Clark as his partner. In May 1804, 3 sergeants and 22 soldiers set off with them, as well as volunteers, translators and slaves - a total of 43 people. The expedition began moving up the Missouri River, then wintering with the Mandan Indians. In the spring, the path lay in the upper reaches of the river, then the continental divide was crossed. Lewis and Clarke crossed the Rocky Mountains to find the Columbia River. Fort Claptsop was built at its mouth. Walking along the river, the Americans reached the Pacific Ocean. On the way back, the group after Rocky mountains split into three, reuniting later and returning in triumph to St. Louis. The city greeted them on September 23, 1806 as heroes. The 28-month journey proved that there is a land transcontinental route. Lewis and Clark brought a lot of information with them, including a map of their route, descriptions of Indian culture, and observation of the environment. The journey of the brave Americans did not go without the help of the indigenous people. So, a young Indian woman from the Shoshone tribe Sakagaweya, who carried her young son on her back for thousands of kilometers, decided to go with them. Her knowledge and relationships with people have largely determined the success of the mission.
Sir Edmund Hillary and the first successful conquest of Everest. Edmund Hillary was born in Auckland, New Zealand on July 20, 1919. At a local university, he studied mathematics and science. Edmund then took up beekeeping, conquering several peaks in his spare time with his twin brother. With the outbreak of World War II, he decided to join the Air Force, but withdrew his application before it was considered. But soon, thanks to the call, Hillary nevertheless joined the Air Force as a navigator. In 1951 and 1952, as part of British intelligence officers, he explored the approaches to Everest and Cho Oyu. In 1953, Hillary decided to climb the highest peak in the world. At that time, the road to Everest from the Chinese side of Tibet was closed, and the government of Nepal allowed only one expedition per year. In 1952, the Swiss failed due to bad weather, the next year it was the turn of the British. The head of the expedition, Tom Hunt, created two teams for the ascent. Hillary was in the same group with the experienced Norgay Tenzig. In total, the expedition consisted of 362 porters, 20 guides and about 4 tons of cargo. The first attempt to conquer the peak was made by Bourdillon and Evans, but they did not reach the summit due to a breakdown in the oxygen supply system. On May 28, Hillary and Tenzig, with three companions, began their assault on Everest. The overnight stay took place at an altitude of 8500 meters, from where the brave climbers continued their journey together. On May 29, at 11-30 am local time, the pair reached the top. They stayed there for only 15 minutes. During this time, they took pictures, left the chocolate bar as an offering to the gods, and hoisted the flag. The first person to greet the heroes was George Lowe, Hillary's best friend. He went up to meet the couple with hot soup. For their efforts, Hillary and the expedition leader Hunt received a knighthood from the Queen, and Tenzig was awarded a medal. Hunt became a lifelong peer, and Hillary received many awards and recognition for life. Hillary's feat would not have been possible without the participation of Norgay Tenzing, a Nepalese Sherpa. He was born in 1914 and had extensive experience in the Himalayan expeditions. He has already taken part in 6 previous attempts to conquer Everest. Norgay initially joined the expedition as the leader of the Sherpas, but when he saved Hillary from falling into a crevasse, he was seen as the ideal climbing partner.
Christopher Columbus and the discovery of America. This explorer, one of the most famous in the world, was born in Genoa, Italy in 1451. Columbus's father was a weaver, the young man had to continue this business. But in 1472 the family moved to Savona, and Christopher himself began to take part in sea voyages, enrolling in the Portuguese merchant fleet. Perhaps as early as 1474, in the course of correspondence with the astronomer and geographer Toscanelli, Columbus thought about finding a sea route to India through the West. However, this project was not in demand for a long time. Only in 1492, Columbus, with the participation of King Ferdinand II of Spain and Queen Isabella, was able to equip an expedition. On August 3, 1492, three ships left the harbor of Palos - "Santa Maria", "Nina" and "Pinta". They visited Canary Islandsbelonging to Castile, and for five weeks sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. And at 2 am on October 12, 1492, the sailor Rodrigo de Triana saw the land from the Pinta. The island found was named San Salvador, it was one of Bahamas... Columbus further discovered the islands of Espaglola (Haiti), which was similar to the lands of Castile, and Juan (Cuba). During the expedition, Columbus met with the Arawak Indians, whom he initially mistook for the poor Chinese. Returning to Spain, he kidnapped about 25 of them, only seven survived. He returned to Palos Columbus on March 15, 1493 and was appointed Admiral of the Sea-Ocean and Governor-General of all already and future found lands. Subsequently, Columbus made three more voyages to the New World, more and more complementing the map of the modern Caribbean. In his search, Columbus had practically no like-minded people, because his ideas were rather strange for the Western world. Only Columbus's mistake was that he, looking for Asia, found a new mainland, although he convinced the Spaniards of the opposite. In his assessment of the project, Columbus used the works of Marco Polo, Imago Mundi, and Ptolemy's estimates of the circumference of the Earth.
Neil Armstrong's first steps on the moon. Armstrong was born on August 5, 1930 in Wapakoneta, Ohio. At an early age, the boy became interested in airplanes. On his sixteenth birthday, Armstrong received his pilot's license, and in the basement of his house he was even able to build a wind tunnel. In it, he conducted experiments with aircraft models. After two years of training at Purdue University, he was drafted into active service, having flown 78 combat missions during the Korean War. Upon his return from the war, Armstrong received a degree in aviation technology... Then there was the position of test pilot at NASA. In September 1962, Armstrong became America's first civilian astronaut and began his training in Houston, Texas. Neil was a backup pilot for the Gemini 5 expedition, and in 1966 flew into space in Gemini 8. Armstrong noted that he was able to troubleshoot the device and regain control of control, making an emergency landing just 1.1 miles from the intended landing site. The cosmonaut began to prepare for the flight on Gemini 11, but was selected for the team preparing for the flight to the moon. In January 1969, it was Neil Armstrong who was chosen as the commander of the Apollo 11 mission, which was supposed to deliver earthlings to the satellite. At 9-32 July 16, 1969, a crew of Armstrong, Michael Collins, and Edwin Aldrin took off from Kennedy Space Center. The successful trip to the Moon took four days. The team landed on the moon on July 20 and was broadcast worldwide on radio and television. At 10-56 pm Armstrong became the first person to set foot on the moon. His phrase: "This is one small step for a person, but a giant leap for all mankind" - immediately became famous. Armstrong and Aldrin spent two hours on the lunar surface, collecting soil samples, installing a television camera, a seismograph and a US flag. Such a great achievement by Armstrong and Apollo 11 would not have been possible without the help of a group of hundreds of assistants on Earth at the Mission Control Center. Someone was responsible for the operation of each unit of the vehicle. They were all operated by Flight Director, Gene Kranz, who also directed Gemini 4 and the odd Apollo missions. It is Kranz that the Apollo 13 crew are primarily grateful for their return home.
If you think that all the outstanding wanderers remained in the era of the great geographical discoveries, then we hasten to convince you: our contemporaries also make amazing journeys. It is about these people that we will talk.
Photo: background-pictures.picphotos.net
If we talk about the great travelers of our time, then we cannot ignore the unique talent of Fyodor Filippovich Konyukhov to conquer what, at first glance, is impossible to conquer. Today Konyukhov is the first of the best travelers on the planet, to whom the North and South Poles, the highest peaks of the world, seas and oceans have conquered. He has more than forty expeditions to the most inaccessible places on our planet.
A descendant of northern Pomors from the Arkhangelsk province was born on the shores of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov in the fishing village of Chkalovo. His irrepressible thirst for knowledge led to the fact that at the age of 15, Fedor swam across the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov in a fishing rowboat. This was the first step on the road to great achievements. Over the next twenty years, Konyukhov takes part in expeditions to the North and South Poles, conquers the highest peaks, makes four round-the-world trips, participates in a dog sled race, and crosses the Atlantic Ocean fifteen times. In 2002, the traveler made a solo voyage across the Atlantic in a rowboat and set a record. Most recently, on May 31, 2014, Konyukhov was met in Australia with several records at once. The famous Russian became the first to cross the Pacific Ocean from continent to continent. It cannot be said that Fyodor Filippovich is a person fixated only on travel. In addition to the nautical school, the great traveler has the Belarusian Art School in Bobruisk and the Modern Humanitarian University in Moscow. In 1983 Fyodor Konyukhov became the youngest member of the Union of Artists of the USSR. He is also the author of twelve books on his own experiences of overcoming the hardships of travel. Upon completion of the legendary crossing of the Pacific Ocean, Konyukhov said that he was not going to stop there. His plans include new projects: a flight around the world on hot-air balloon, circumnavigation in 80 days for the Jules Verne Cup on a keel yacht with a crew, diving into the Mariana Trench.
Today this young English traveler, TV presenter and writer is known to a multi-million audience thanks to the highest-rated TV show on the Discovery Channel. In October 2006, the program "Survive at any cost" began to air with his participation. The goal of the TV presenter is not only to entertain the viewer, but also to provide valuable advice and recommendations that may come in handy in unforeseen situations.
Bear was born in Great Britain into a family of hereditary diplomats, received an excellent education at the elite Ladgrove School and the University of London. Parents did not interfere with the son's hobby for sailing, rock climbing and martial arts. But the future traveler received the skills of endurance and the ability to survive in the army, where he mastered parachute jumping and mountaineering. These skills later helped him achieve his cherished goal - the conquest of Everest. This event took place at the very end of the last century, in 1998. Bear Grylls possesses simply irrepressible energy. The list of his travels is huge. From 2000 to 2007, he sailed around the British Isles in thirty days to raise funds for the British Royal Water Rescue Society; crossed on inflatable boat the North Atlantic; flew over Angel Falls on a steam-powered plane, dined in a balloon at an altitude of more than seven thousand meters; on a paraglider flew over the Himalayas ... In 2008, the traveler was at the head of an expedition organized to climb one of the most remote unconquered peaks in Antarctica. Almost all of the expeditions that Grills participates in are charitable.
If you think that distant wanderings are the prerogative of a strong half of humanity, then you are deeply mistaken. And this was proved by the young American Abby Sunderland, who at the age of 16 alone made a round-the-world trip on a yacht. Interestingly, Abby's parents not only allowed her to undertake such a risky endeavor, but also helped prepare for it. It should be noted that the girl's father is a professional sailor.
On January 23, 2010, the yacht departed from the port of Marina Del Rey in California. Unfortunately, the maiden voyage was unsuccessful. The second attempt took place on February 6. Very soon Abby reported damage to the yacht's hull and engine malfunction. At this time, she was between Australia and Africa, 2 thousand miles from the coast. After that, the connection with the girl was interrupted, and nothing was known about her. The search operation was unsuccessful and Abby was reported missing. However, a month later, the yacht received a distress signal from the southern part. Indian Ocean... After 11 hours of searching by Australian rescuers, a yacht was found in a severe storm zone, in which, fortunately, Abby was unharmed. A large supply of food and water helped her survive. The girl said that all the time after the last communication session she had to overcome the storm, and she was physically unable to get in touch and send a radiogram. Abby's example inspires the courageous spirit to test their capabilities and not stop there.
One of the most original travelers of our time spent on his unusual journey around the world for thirteen years of life. The non-standard of the situation was that Jason abandoned the achievements of civilization in the form of any kind of technology. The former British janitor set off on his trip around the world with a bicycle, a boat and ... roller skates!
Photo: mikaelstrandberg.com
The expedition started from Greenwich in 1994. The 27-year-old Lewis chose his friend Steve Smith as his partner. In February 1995, the travelers reached the United States. After 111 days of sailing, the friends decided to cross the states separately. In 1996, a rollerblading Lewis was hit by a car. He spent nine months in the hospital. After recovering, Lewis travels to Hawaii, and from there he sails on a pedal boat to Australia. On Solomon Islands he hit the epicenter civil war, and off the coast of Australia he was attacked by an alligator. Upon arrival in Australia, Lewis interrupts his travel due to financial difficulties and works for a time in a funeral home and sells T-shirts. In 2005 he moved to Singapore, from there - to China, from which he moved to India. After cycling through the country, the Briton reaches Africa by March 2007. The remainder of Lewis's journey passes through Europe. He cycled through Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Belgium, then crossed the English Channel and returned to London in October 2007, completing his unique journey around the world. James Lewis proved to the whole world and to himself that there is no limit to human capabilities.
Photo: mikaelstrandberg.com
Probably, these people are considered eccentrics. They left cozy homes, families and went into the unknown in order to see new unexplored lands. Legends are made about their bravery. it famous travelers world, whose names will forever remain in history. Today we will try to introduce you to some of them.
Famous Russian travelers
The history of our country keeps many names of people who have made a huge contribution to its development. Let's dwell on the most famous ones.
Ermak Alenin (ataman Ermak)
The outstanding personality of Ermak Timofeevich Alyonin causes endless controversy. Much more often he is called ataman Ermak. History holds the secret of where he came from. There is no real information about how this name appeared.
Cossack Ermak, who was accused of robbery and crimes, fell out of favor with Ivan the Terrible himself. In those days, this was tantamount to a death sentence. To avoid imminent execution, the chieftain turns to influential people for help, and finds it in the Stroganov merchant family.
The financial interest of the Strogonovs, who traded in furs, sent the merchants' thoughts to the search for new lands beyond the Urals. This territory belonged to the Siberian khans.
In 1581, with Ermak, 800 Cossacks from the Solikamsk estate of the Strogonovs set off to conquer Siberia. They won their first victory on the banks of the Irtysh. A year later, Ermak reported on the results, and he was disgraced.
Ataman Yermak was the first of the Europeans to cross to Asia from the Urals. The development of Siberia began with him.
Modest Bogdanov
Famous Russian travelers did a lot important discoveries... The zoologist Modest Bogdanov left a considerable mark. He was born in the village of Russkaya Bekshanka, Simbirsk province in early 1841.
From 1868 to 1870, Bogdanov traveled across the Volga region. At the age of thirty, he becomes a master of zoology at the University of St. Petersburg. He is elected a full-time assistant professor, and a year later he is the official custodian of the zoological museum created at the Academy of Sciences.
In 1871, Bogdanov went on an expedition to the Caucasus (on behalf of the Society of Naturalists of Kazan). It should be noted that many famous explorers and travelers were often interested in these places. The expedition helped collect a wealth of scientific material.
In 1873 Bogdanov went to Central Asia to explore the Khiva oasis. Famous geographers and world travelers appreciated the outstanding works that he left in the Imperial Geographical Society. The expedition to the Aralo-Caspian region made a huge impression on Bogdanov and served as the basis for his participation in the next journey. Two years later, he led an expedition to the Northern Ocean.
Fedor Konyukhov
The famous traveler was born in the fishing village of Chkalovo on the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, in December 1951. For two decades Fyodor Filippovich participated in expeditions to the South and North Poles. Among his achievements is the conquest highest mountains planets. If you ask our compatriots: “Who are the most famous travelers of Russia?”, Many will answer that this is Fyodor Konyukhov. Among his achievements are four voyages around the world. The Atlantic Ocean conquered him fifteen times. It should be noted that once he went to conquer the Atlantic in a rowboat.
Fyodor Konyukhov entered the world travel history as the first Russian citizen who successfully completed the most complex Grand Slam program. It includes the conquest of three points: Everest, North and South Poles. He visited the North Pole three times and the South Pole once. He conquered the Pole of relative inaccessibility and Everest, which is also called the Pole of Heights. In addition, he visited Cape Horn.
Mikhail Venyukov
Russian traveler and explorer Venyukov lived a long and interesting life. He visited many countries, made many important discoveries in domestic science. Venyukov was a graduate of the Imperial Military Academy.
After training and until the end of his days, M.I.Venyukov devoted himself to his favorite business - traveling around the world, which were always associated with scientific goals, collecting invaluable materials for various fields of science.
From 1857 to 1863 he traveled along the Amur, Ussuriysk Territory, Transbaikalia. He visited Tien Shan and Issyk-Kul, Caucasus and Altai. At this time, Mikhail Venyukov was awarded the rank of major. In 1868 and 1869 this great person traveled around the world, during which he visited Japan and China.
Famous world travelers
The world knows many travelers who saw the purpose of their lives to explore unknown lands. It is to them that we owe the knowledge that we possess today.
Roald Amundsen
Roald Engelbert Gravning Amundsen is a Norwegian explorer and polar explorer. He lived only 56 years, but in such a short time he made many discoveries. He died while searching for the missing expedition of Umberto Nobile. The list of his achievements includes the conquest of the South Pole. It was he, with Oscar Wisting, who visited both poles of the Earth, carried out sea research crossings along the eastern and western sea routes.
In the period from 1903 to 1906, Roald Amundsen on a yacht circled North America for the first time. After spending two winters in "Joa", Amundsen in the fall of 1904 carefully surveyed the Simpson Strait, opened the way along the coast of the mainland. Famous travelers and their discoveries in the field of geography are an inexhaustible source of knowledge for modern researchers.
Amundsen collected materials on shallow waters, bays and straits, meteorology, and ethnography. In his third expedition around North America, Amundsen and his like-minded people overwintered off the northern coast of Canada. The following year, famous travelers crossed the Bering Strait and reached the Pacific Ocean. The materials collected by Amundsen have made an invaluable contribution to world science.
Return Cameron
Famous travelers from Great Britain have done a lot to explore the Earth's surface and draw up accurate geographic maps. One of them is Vernie Cameron, who became one of the European explorers of Africa. This man was the first to cross Africa from the shores of the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic.
The famous traveler was born in July 1844. He was a military sailor who took part in the military conflict that began in Abyssinia (1868). In addition, he had the opportunity to participate in a campaign led by British troops. Its goal was to suppress the slave trade in East Africa.
In 1872, he was appointed head of the expedition that was supposed to save the group of David Livingstone. Cameron's team arrived in Zanzibar in early March 1873. On March 24, famous travelers crossed over to the continent. A few months later, the rescue group of Vernie Cameron met with a detachment, which consisted of the remnants of D. Livingston's expedition, heading for Zanzibar.
Vernie Cameron's Africa Expedition Recognized as Most Effective in Observing and Determining geographic location... Upon completion, Vernie Cameron was awarded the Geographical Societies of London and Paris.
Jacques Yves Cousteau
Famous travelers and their discoveries of past centuries seem to us very distant, and the name of this French oceanographer and explorer is well known to our contemporaries.
Jacques Yves Cousteau is a true legend. This name is inextricably linked not only with the outstanding and bright personality of an amazing person, but also with the world of his inventions and research, versatile activities and great heritage.
Jacques Yves Cousteau was born in 1910. This amazing man lived for almost a hundred years, devoting his life to the ocean, exploring its depths. It would seem that quite recently we all watched the underwater odyssey of Cousteau and his team.
The genius scientist was often compared to Gagarin. They were both pioneers. Gagarin discovered space for mankind, Cousteau - the underwater world.
Today's famous travelers are young and energetic people from different countries the world. So far, only specialists are familiar with their names, but years will pass - and if not all, then many, will learn about their discoveries, and will appreciate them.
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Russian travelers in the 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th centuries. The names of the discoverers and their discoveries.
Russian sailors, along with European ones, are the most famous pioneers who discovered new continents, sections of mountain ranges and vast water areas.
They pioneered significant geographic sites, took the first steps in the development of hard-to-reach territories, traveled around the world. So who are they - the conquerors of the seas, and what exactly did the world know thanks to them?
Afanasy Nikitin - the very first Russian traveler
Afanasy Nikitin is rightfully considered the first Russian traveler who managed to visit India and Persia (1468-1474, according to other sources 1466-1472). On way back he visited Somalia, Turkey, Muscat. On the basis of his travels, Afanasy compiled the notes "Voyage across the Three Seas", which became popular and unique historical and literary aids. These records became the first book in the history of Russia, made not in the format of a story about a pilgrimage, but describing the political, economic and cultural characteristics of the territories.
Semyon Dezhnev, founder of the Anadyr prisonThe Cossack Ataman Semyon Dezhnev was an Arctic navigator who became the discoverer of a number of geographical objects. Wherever Semyon Ivanovich served, everywhere he strove to study new and previously unknown. He was even able to cross the East Siberian Sea on a makeshift koch, going from Indigirka to Alazeya.
In 1643, as part of a detachment of researchers, Semyon Ivanovich discovered Kolyma, where, with his associates, he founded the city of Srednekolymsk. A year later, Semyon Dezhnev continued his expedition, walked along the Bering Strait (which did not yet have this name) and discovered the most east point mainland, later called Cape Dezhnev. Also, an island, a peninsula, a bay, a village are named after him.
Semyon Dezhnev
In 1648, Dezhnev set off again. His ship was wrecked in the waters located in the southern part of the Anadyr River. Having reached on skis, the sailors went up the river and stayed there for the winter. Subsequently, this place appeared on geographic maps and was named the Anadyr prison. As a result of the expedition, the traveler was able to make detailed descriptions, make a map of those places.
Vitus Ionassen Bering, who organized expeditions to Kamchatka
Two Kamchatka expeditions inscribed the names of Vitus Bering and his associate Alexei Chirikov in the history of maritime discoveries. During the first voyage, the mariners conducted research and were able to supplement the geographic atlas with objects located in Northeast Asia and on the Pacific coast of Kamchatka.
The discovery of the Kamchatsky and Ozerny peninsulas, the Kamchatsky, Krest, Karaginsky bays, the Providence Bay, the St. Lawrence Island are also the merit of Bering and Chirikov. At the same time, another strait was found and described, which later became known as the Bering Strait.
Vitus Bering
The second expedition was undertaken by them to find a way to North America and study Pacific Islands... On this journey, Bering and Chirikov founded the Peter and Paul prison. It got its name from the combined names of their ships ("St. Peter" and "St. Paul) and later became the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
On the approach to the shores of America, the ships of like-minded people lost sight of each other, a heavy fog affected. "St. Peter", piloted by Bering, sailed to the west coast of America, but got into a violent storm on the way back - the ship was thrown onto the island. The last minutes of Vitus Bering's life passed on it, and the island subsequently began to bear his name. Chirikov also reached America on his ship, but successfully completed his voyage, finding on the way back several islands of the Aleutian ridge.
Khariton and Dmitry Laptev and their "named" sea
The cousins \u200b\u200bKhariton and Dmitry Laptev were Vitus Bering's associates and assistants. It was he who appointed Dmitry the commander of the ship "Irkutsk", and his double-boat "Yakutsk" was led by Khariton. They took part in the Great Northern Expedition, the purpose of which was to study and accurately describe and map the Russian shores of the ocean, from the Yugorsky ball to Kamchatka.
Each of the brothers made a significant contribution to the development of new territories. Dmitry became the first navigator who made a survey of the coast from the mouth of the Lena to the mouth of the Kolyma. He made detailed maps of these places, based on mathematical calculations and astronomical data.
Khariton and Dmitry Laptev
Khariton Laptev and his associates conducted research on the northernmost part of the Siberian coast. It was he who determined the dimensions and outlines of the huge Taimyr Peninsula - he completed a survey of its eastern coast, was able to identify the exact coordinates of the coastal islands. The expedition took place in difficult conditions - a large amount of ice, snowstorms, scurvy, ice captivity - Khariton Laptev's team had to endure a lot. But they continued their work. On this expedition, Laptev's assistant Chelyuskin discovered the cape, which was later named in his honor.
Noting the great contribution of the Laptevs to the development of new territories, members of the Russian Geographical Society decided to name one of the largest seas Arctic. Also in honor of Dmitry, the strait between the mainland and the island of Bolshoi Lyakhovsky is named, and the name of Khariton is west Coast Taimyr Islands.
Kruzenshtern and Lisyansky - organizers of the first Russian circumnavigation
Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky are the first Russian seafarers to travel around the world. Their expedition lasted three years (started in 1803 and ended in 1806). They set off with their crews on two ships, which bore the names "Nadezhda" and "Neva". The travelers passed through the Atlantic Ocean, entered the waters of the Pacific Ocean. The sailors sailed along them to Kuril Islands, Kamchatka and Sakhalin.
Ivan Kruzenshtern This journey allowed to collect important information... Based on data obtained by seafarers, detailed map Pacific Ocean. Another important result of the first Russian round-the-world expedition was the data obtained on the flora and fauna of the Kuriles and Kamchatka, local residents, their customs and cultural traditions.
During their voyage, the sailors crossed the equator and, according to maritime traditions, could not leave this event without a well-known ritual - a sailor disguised as Neptune greeted Kruzenstern and asked why his ship had arrived where the Russian flag had never been. To which he received the answer that they were here exclusively for the glory and development of national science.
Vasily Golovnin - the first navigator who was rescued from Japanese captivity
Russian navigator Vasily Golovnin led two round-the-world expeditions. In 1806, while in the rank of lieutenant, he received a new appointment and became the commander of the sloop "Diana". It is interesting that this is the only case in the history of the Russian fleet when a lieutenant was entrusted with the control of the ship.
The leadership set the goal of a round-the-world expedition to study the North Pacific Ocean, with special attention to that part of it, which is within the borders of the native country. Diana's path was not easy. The sloop passed the island of Tristan da Cunha, passed Cape Hope and entered a port belonging to the British. Here the ship was detained by the authorities. The British informed Golovnin about the beginning of the war between the two countries. The Russian ship was not declared captured, but the team was not allowed to leave the bay either. After spending more than a year in this position, in mid-May 1809 "Diana", led by Golovnin, tried to escape, which the sailors succeeded in - the ship arrived in Kamchatka.
Vasily Golovin The next important task Golovnin received in 1811 - he had to compose descriptions of the Shantar and Kuril Islands, the shores of the Tatar Strait. During his travels, he was accused of violating sakoku principles and captured by the Japanese for more than 2 years. It was possible to rescue the team from captivity only thanks to the good relations between one of the Russian naval officers and an influential Japanese merchant, who was able to convince his government of the harmless intentions of the Russians. It is worth noting that before that no one in history had returned from Japanese captivity.
In 1817-1819 Vasily Mikhailovich made another round-the-world voyage on the ship "Kamchatka" specially built for this.
Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev - discoverers of Antarctica
Captain Second Rank Thaddeus Bellingshausen was determined to find the truth in the question of the existence of the sixth continent. In 1819 he set out on the open sea, carefully preparing two sloops - "Mirny" and "Vostok". The latter was commanded by his associate Mikhail Lazarev. The first Antarctic round-the-world expedition set itself other tasks. In addition to finding irrefutable facts confirming or refuting the existence of Antarctica, the travelers were going to explore the waters of three oceans - the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian.
Thaddeus Bellingshausen The results of this expedition exceeded all expectations. For 751 days, which it lasted, Bellingshausen and Lazarev were able to make several significant geographical discoveries. Of course, the most important of them is the existence of Antarctica, this historical event took place on January 28, 1820. Also, during the trip, about two dozen islands were found and mapped, sketches with views of Antarctica, images of representatives of the Antarctic fauna were created.
Mikhail Lazarev
It is interesting that attempts to discover Antarctica were made more than once, but none of them was crowned with success. European seafarers believed that either it is not there, or it is located in places that simply cannot be reached by sea. But Russian travelers had enough perseverance and determination, so the names of Bellingshausen and Lazarev are included in the lists of the greatest navigators in the world.
Yakov Sannikov
Yakov Sannikov (about 1780, Ust-Yansk, Russian Empire - after 1811) - Russian merchant from Yakutsk, fox fox, mammoth tusk hunter and explorer of the Novosibirsk Islands.
Known as the discoverer of the ghost island "Sannikov Land", which he saw from the New Siberian Islands. Discovered and described the islands of Stolbovoy (1800) and Faddeevsky (1805).
In 1808-1810 he took part in the expedition of the exiled Riga Swede M. M. Gedenshtrom. In 1810 he crossed the island of New Siberia, in 1811 he bypassed the island of Faddeevsky.
Sannikov expressed his opinion about the existence to the north of the New Siberian Islands, in particular from the Kotelny Island, a vast land called "Sannikov Land".
After 1811, traces of Yakov Sannikov are lost. No further occupation or year of death is known. In 1935, the pilot Gratsiansky, who flew in the lower reaches of the Lena River, near Kyusyur discovered a tombstone with the inscription "Yakov Sannikov". The strait, through which a section of the Northern Sea Route passes today, is named in his honor. Opened in 1773 by the Yakut industrialist Ivan Lyakhov. Initially, the strait was named after the expedition doctor E.V. Tollya V.N. Katina-Yartseva F.A. Mathisen. The current name was given to K.A. Vollosovich on his map, and in 1935 it was approved by the government of the USSR.
Grigory Shelikhov
Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov (Shelekhov; 1747, Rylsk - July 20, 1795, Irkutsk) - Russian explorer, navigator, industrialist and merchant from the Shelekhov family, who since 1775 was engaged in the arrangement of commercial merchant shipping between the Kuril and Aleutian island ridges. In 1783-1786 he headed an expedition to Russian America, during which the first Russian settlements in North America were founded. He organized several trade and fishing companies, including in Kamchatka. Grigory Ivanovich mastered new lands for the Russian Empire, was the initiator of the Russian-American company. Founder of the North-East Company.
The bay was named in his honor. Shelikhov Bay (Kamchatka Region, Russia) is located between the Asian coast and the base of the Kamchatka Peninsula. Refers to the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk.
Ferdinand Wrangel
Wrangel showed himself from the best side, and he, tested in a difficult round-the-world voyage, is instructed to lead an expedition to the extreme northeast of Siberia, to the mouths of the Yana and Kolyma, in order to map the coast of the Arctic Ocean up to the Bering Strait, and in addition to test the hypothesis about the existence of an undiscovered land connecting Asia with America.
Wrangel spends three years in the ice and tundra with his companions, among whom his main assistant was Fyodor Matyushkin - Lyceum comrade A.S. Pushkin.
In between the campaigns to the North, under the leadership of Wrangel and Matyushkin, a topographic survey of the huge coastline was made, covering 35 degrees in longitude. On the territory of the recently white spot, 115 astronomical points were identified. For the first time, studies were carried out on the influence of climate on the existence and development sea \u200b\u200bice, and in Nizhnekolymsk was organized the first meteorological station in this region. Thanks to meteorological observations of this station, it was established that in the interfluve of the Yana and Kolyma rivers there is a "cold pole" of the Northern Hemisphere.
Ferdinand Wrangel described the expedition and its scientific results in detail in a book that was first published in 1839 and was a huge success. The renowned Swedish polar explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskjöld called it "one of the masterpieces among the writings on the Arctic."
The expedition to the Chukotka-Kolyma region put Wrangel on a par with the largest explorers of the harsh Arctic. Later, becoming one of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society, he thought over a project for an expedition to the North Pole. He proposes to go to the Pole on a ship, which is to spend the winter off the northern coast of Greenland, to prepare food warehouses along the route of the Pole Party in the fall, and in March people go out exactly in the direction of the meridian on ten sledges with dogs. Interestingly, the plan to reach the pole, drawn up by Robert Peary, who entered the pole 64 years later, repeated Wrangel's old project in the smallest detail. An island in the Arctic Ocean, a mountain and a cape in Alaska are named after Wrangel. Having learned about the sale by the Russian government of Alaska in 1867, Ferdinand Petrovich reacted very negatively to this.
