travelers
in the paintings of artists N. Solomin and S. Yakovlev
Russian travelers have written brilliant pages in the history of geographical discoveries. They not only studied the vast expanses of the Motherland, but also made discoveries and research far beyond its borders.
Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev (born about 1605 - died in 1672/3) is a famous explorer and sailor. He served in Tobolsk, Yeniseisk, Yakutsk; went on long and dangerous trips to the rivers Yana, Indigirka, Oymyakon. Departing in 1648 from the Nizhne-Kolyma prison, Dezhnev sailed from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific and practically proved by this the existence of the strait separating Asia from America.
Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen (1779-1862) - a famous navigator, a prominent scientist. Participated in the expedition of Kruzenshtern and Lisyaneky, then commanded together with MP Lazarev in 1819-1821 the sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny". This expedition to the South Pole made a great geographical discovery - it reached the shores of Antarctica, and also conducted extensive research in the equatorial and tropical zones of the Pacific Ocean and made refinements to nautical charts.
Peter Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (1827-1914) - a remarkable Russian geographer and traveler. The first Europeans to penetrate into the hard-to-reach areas of the Central Tien Shan and found that the Chu River does not flow into Lake Issyk-Kul, opened the sources of the Naryn and Sarydzhaz rivers, the second highest Tien Shan peak - Khan Tengri, huge glaciers covering its slopes.
Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov (1863-1936) - a remarkable Russian traveler, explorer of Central Asia. Taking part in the expeditions of N.M. Przhevalsky, M.V. Pevtsov and V.I. Roborovsky, he repeatedly crossed Mongolia and China. From 1899 to 1926, Kozlov led three expeditions to Central Asia. He studied the mountains of the Mongolian Altai, penetrated into the least explored areas of the Tibetan plateau; in the center of the Mongolian deserts opened ancient city Hara-Khoto; excavated the Khentei-Noinuli burial mounds, enriching science with versatile information about the regions of Central Asia.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maclay (1846 - 1888) - famous Russian traveler and scientist, anthropologist and ethnographer. He spent twelve years in New Guinea, Malacca, Australia and the Pacific Islands, studying the peoples inhabiting them. The creator of modern anthropology, Miklouho-Maclay was a passionate fighter against racial discrimination and colonial oppression.
Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky (1839-1888) - the great Russian traveler and geographer. After the first expedition to the Ussuri region (1867-1869), he became famous as a talented explorer of distant and little-known lands. He conducted four expeditions to Central Asia, during which he crossed vast expanses from the Sayan Mountains to Tibet and from the Tien Shan to Khingan.
Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (1788-1851) - famous navigator, naval commander and scientist-researcher. Together with F. Sh. Bellingshausen he commanded a remarkable naval expedition that discovered Antarctica. Even before that, he went around the world on the ship "Suvorov", and after sailing to Antarctica, he made a third round the world trip, commanding the frigate "Cruiser". The last seventeen years of his life he devoted to the education of Russian sailors and the construction of the Black Sea fleet.
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Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern (1770-1846) - a remarkable navigator and scientist-researcher. He commanded the first Russian round-the-world expedition from 1803 to 1806. The expedition refined the map of the Pacific Ocean, collected information about the nature and inhabitants of Sakhalin, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Kamchatka. Kruzenshtern published a description of his trip and compiled a two-volume atlas of the Pacific Ocean.
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Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) - a brave navigator, explorer of the Arctic. In 1912 he came up with a project for a trip to the North Pole. Having reached the “St. Foka ”Franz Josef Land, Sedov made a bold attempt to reach the North Pole on dog sleds, but died on the way to the cherished goal.
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Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy (1813-1876) - an outstanding researcher The Far East... He spent about six years in the Amur region, studying its nature. In 1849, Nevelskoy, while sailing along Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk proved that Sakhalin is an island separated from the mainland by the navigable Tatar Strait.
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Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (1863-1956) - a remarkable traveler, a prominent Soviet geologist and geographer. After research in Central Asia (1886) and numerous expeditions to Eastern Siberia, in 1892, the scientist went to Mongolia and China for two years, having covered more than thirteen and a half thousand kilometers during this time. Obruchev headed major geological research in Siberia.
Christopher Columbus On 3 caravels (Santa Maria, Pinta and Ninya) crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached about. San Selvador (the official date of the discovery of America October 12, 1492) On 3 caravels (Santa Maria, Pinta and Ninha) crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached about. San Selvador (the official date of the discovery of America is October 12, 1492) An educated man, well-read. He mistakenly assumed that he had reached India. An educated man, well-read. He mistakenly assumed that he had reached India.
Vasco da Gama () Portuguese sailor... B sailed from Lisbon to India, circumnavigating Africa, and back, for the first time paving the sea route from Europe to South Asia. Portuguese navigator. B sailed from Lisbon to India, circumnavigating Africa, and back, for the first time paving the sea route from Europe to South Asia. In 1524 he was appointed Viceroy of India. He died in India during the 3rd voyage. His ashes were shipped to Portugal in 1538. In 1524 he was appointed Viceroy of India. He died in India during the 3rd voyage. His ashes were shipped to Portugal in 1538.
Fernand Magellan (1480 - 1521) Portuguese warrior. He was forced to seek service in a foreign land, in Spain. In a foreign country, he achieved the title of flotilla commander. On September 20, 1519, he set out on an expedition to the Spice Islands (India) from the west through the strait-passage, which he was going to open. Portuguese warrior. He was forced to seek service in a foreign land, in Spain. In a foreign country, he achieved the title of flotilla commander. On September 20, 1519, he set out on an expedition to the Spice Islands (India) from the west through the strait-passage, which he was going to open.
The expedition embarked on a flotilla of five ships with a crew of 265 people. The journey lasted three years. Magellan died in battle, intervening in the inter-tribal war, on April 27, 1521. Only the ship "Victoria" under the command of El Cano, having rounded Africa, on September 6, 1522 returned to Spain. Ship "Victoria"
Significance of F. Magellan's Expedition The expedition having walked around the earth, confirmed its spherical shape. For the first time, the Europeans passed the "South Sea", which Magellan called the Pacific Ocean. Evidence has been obtained that the continent of South America in the south is wedge-shaped.
James Cook (1728 - 79) English navigator who made 3 round-the-world expeditions. An English navigator who made 3 round-the-world expeditions. Born into the family of a day laborer, at the age of 7 he began to work with his father, at 13 he began to attend school. Born into the family of a day laborer, at the age of 7 he began to work with his father, at 13 he began to attend school. In June 1755 he enlisted in the British Navy as a sailor. In June 1755 he enlisted in the British Navy as a sailor. In, already in command of the ship, he surveyed the shores of the island of Newfoundland. In, already in command of the ship, he surveyed the shores of the island of Newfoundland.
James Cook More than 20 have been named after him geographic sites, including three bays, two groups of islands and two straits. Cook's first circumnavigation of the world lasted a little over 3 years; he was awarded the rank of captain of the 1st rank. Killed and eaten by Hawaiians.
Importance of James Cook's Expedition Discovered many islands in the Pacific Ocean. Discovered many islands in the Pacific Ocean. Clarified the basic position of New Zealand. Clarified the basic position of New Zealand. Discovered the Great Barrier Reef and the main position of Australia. Discovered the Great Barrier Reef and the main position of Australia. Discovered the Hawaiian Islands and part of the Alaskan coast. Discovered the Hawaiian Islands and part of the Alaskan coast.
Mikhail Lazarev () Russian naval commander, admiral. He made 3 round-the-world expeditions, with F.F. Bellingshausen discovered Antarctica. Russian naval commander, admiral. He made 3 round-the-world expeditions, with F.F. Bellingshausen discovered Antarctica. In 1800 he was assigned to the Naval Cadet Corps. He participated in the Battle of Trafalgar and in the war with Sweden. In 1800 he was assigned to the Naval Cadet Corps. Participated in the Battle of Trafalgar and in the war with Sweden
The significance of the expedition Lazarev With Bellingshausen discovered Antarctica With Bellingshausen discovered Antarctica Swam in the Atlantic, near Antilles and in the Indian Ocean Sailed in the Atlantic, the Antilles and in the Indian Ocean Participated in the Battle of Trafalgar and in the war with Sweden Participated in the Battle of Trafalgar and in the war with Sweden
Thaddeus Bellingshausen () Russian navigator, admiral. Russian navigator, admiral. Participant of the 1st Russian round-the-world trip. Participant of the 1st Russian round-the-world trip. He was in charge of the 1st Antarctic Expedition on boats "Vostok" and "Mirny". He was in charge of the 1st Antarctic Expedition on boats "Vostok" and "Mirny".
Nikolay Przhevalsky () Russian traveler, geographer, naturalist, researcher. Russian traveler, geographer, naturalist, researcher. In 1856 he entered the General Staff Academy. In 1856 he entered the General Staff Academy. In 1867 he came to St. Petersburg, where he met with P.P. Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, who contributed to the organization of Przhevalsky's expedition. In 1867 he arrived in St. Petersburg, where he met with P.P.
Nikolay Przhevalsky Przhevalsky is known as one of the greatest travelers who spent 11 years of his life on his expeditions. Przhevalsky is known as one of the greatest travelers, who spent 11 years of his life on his expeditions. The total length of its working routes is km. The total length of its working routes is km.
The importance of N. Przhevalsky's expedition Discovered a number of ridges, depressions and lakes in the Kunlun, Tien Shan and the Tibetan Plateau Discovered a number of ridges, depressions and lakes in the Kunlun, Tien Shan and Tibetan Plateau Explored the Ussuri Territory, where he collected an ornithological collection , where he collected an ornithological collection Discovered many species of plants and animals Discovered many species of plants and animals
Afanasy Nikitin (1475) Russian traveler, Tver merchant. Russian traveler, Tver merchant. Traveled to Persia, India. On way back visited the African coast (Somalia), Muscat, Turkey. Traveled to Persia, India. On the way back, I visited the African coast (Somalia), Muscat, Turkey.
Afanasy Nikitin Nikitin was the first European to give a valuable description medieval India, describing it simply and truthfully, in the book "Walking the Three Seas". His notes are marked by versatility of observation, as well as an unusual tolerance for the Middle Ages, a combination of devotion to the Christian faith and native land... Nikitin was the first European who gave a valuable description of medieval India, describing it simply and truthfully, in the book "Walking the Three Seas." His notes are marked by a versatility of observation, as well as religious tolerance, unusual for the Middle Ages, in a combination of devotion to the Christian faith and his native land.
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Great geographical travelers and their discoveries Completed by: Moshkin Ilya Pupil of grade 6A of school No. 9 in Divnogorsk
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Christopher Columbus (1451 - 1506) Navigator, born in Genoa, appointed commander of the fleet in Spain. In 1492-1493 he led a Spanish expedition to find the shortest path to India. He returned to his homeland, but poverty and uncertainty awaited him there.
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Christopher Columbus On 3 caravels (Santa Maria, Pinta and Ninya) crossed the Atlantic Ocean and reached about. San Selvador (the official date of the discovery of America is October 12, 1492) An educated man, well-read. He mistakenly assumed that he had reached India.
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Significance of Columbus' expedition Discovered America Sargasso Sea Bahamas Cuba Haiti Antilles Caribbean
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Vasco da Gama (1469-1524) Portuguese navigator. In 1497-1499 he sailed from Lisbon to India, circumnavigating Africa, and back, for the first time making a sea route from Europe to South Asia. In 1524 he was appointed Viceroy of India. He died in India during the 3rd voyage. His ashes were shipped to Portugal in 1538.
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The significance of the Vasco da Gama expedition Sailing from Lisbon to India Circled Africa Paved the sea route from Europe to South Asia (India)
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Fernand Magellan (1480 - 1521) Portuguese warrior. He was forced to seek service in a foreign land, in Spain. In a foreign country, he achieved the title of flotilla commander. On September 20, 1519, he set out on an expedition to the Spice Islands (India) from the west through the strait-passage, which he was going to open.
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The expedition embarked on a flotilla of five ships with a crew of 265 people. The journey lasted three years. Magellan died in battle, intervening in the inter-tribal war, on April 27, 1521. Only the ship "Victoria" under the command of El Cano, having rounded Africa, on September 6, 1522 returned to Spain.
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Significance of F. Magellan's Expedition The expedition having walked around the earth, confirmed its spherical shape. For the first time, the Europeans passed the "South Sea", which Magellan called the Pacific Ocean. Evidence has been obtained that the continent of South America in the south is wedge-shaped.
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James Cook (1728 - 79) English navigator who made 3 round-the-world expeditions. Born into the family of a day laborer, at the age of 7 he began to work with his father, at 13 he began to attend school. In June 1755 he enlisted in the British Navy as a sailor. In 1762-1767, already in command of the ship, he surveyed the shores of the island of Newfoundland.
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James Cook More than 20 geographic features are named after him, including three bays, two groups of islands and two straits. Cook's first circumnavigation of the world lasted a little over 3 years; he was awarded the rank of captain of the 1st rank. Killed and eaten by Hawaiians.
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Importance of James Cook's Expedition Discovered many islands in the Pacific Ocean. Clarified the basic position of New Zealand. Discovered the Great Barrier Reef and the main position of Australia. Discovered the Hawaiian Islands and part of the Alaskan coast.
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Mikhail Lazarev (1788 -1851) Russian naval commander, admiral. He made 3 round-the-world expeditions, with F.F. Bellingshausen discovered Antarctica. In 1800 he was assigned to the Naval Cadet Corps. Participated in the Battle of Trafalgar and in the war with Sweden
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The significance of Lazarev's expedition With Bellingshausen discovered Antarctica Sailing in the Atlantic, the Antilles and the Indian Ocean Participated in the Battle of Trafalgar and in the war with Sweden
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Thaddeus Bellingshausen (1778-1852) Russian navigator, admiral. Participant of the 1st Russian round-the-world trip. He was in charge of the 1st Antarctic Expedition on boats "Vostok" and "Mirny".
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Significance of Bellingshausen's expedition Discovered Antarctica in January 1820 Discovered several islands in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
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Nikolai Przhevalsky (1839-1888) Russian traveler, geographer, naturalist, researcher. In 1856 he entered the General Staff Academy. In 1867 he arrived in St. Petersburg, where he met with P.P. Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, who helped organize the Przhevalsky expedition
If you think that all the outstanding wanderers remained in the era of the great geographical discoveries, then we hasten to convince you: our contemporaries also make amazing travels. It is about these people that we will talk.
Photo: background-pictures.picphotos.net
If we talk about the great travelers of our time, then we cannot ignore the unique talent of Fyodor Filippovich Konyukhov to conquer what, at first glance, is impossible to conquer. Today Konyukhov is the first of best travelers the planet to which the North and South Poles submitted, highest peaks peace, seas and oceans. He has more than forty expeditions to the most inaccessible places on our planet.
A descendant of Northern Pomors from the Arkhangelsk province was born on the coast Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov in the fishing village of Chkalovo. His irrepressible thirst for knowledge led to the fact that at the age of 15, Fedor swam across the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov in a fishing rowboat. This was the first step on the road to great achievements. Over the next twenty years, Konyukhov takes part in expeditions to the North and South Poles, conquers the highest peaks, makes four round-the-world travels, participates in a dog sled race, and crosses the Atlantic Ocean fifteen times. In 2002, the traveler made a solo voyage across the Atlantic in a rowboat and set a record. Most recently, on May 31, 2014, Konyukhov was met in Australia with several records at once. The famous Russian became the first to cross the Pacific Ocean from continent to continent. It cannot be said that Fyodor Filippovich is a person fixated only on travel. In addition to the nautical school, the great traveler has the Belarusian Art School in Bobruisk and the Modern Humanitarian University in Moscow. In 1983 Fyodor Konyukhov became the youngest member of the Union of Artists of the USSR. He is also the author of twelve books on his own experiences of overcoming the hardships of travel. Upon completion of the legendary crossing of the Pacific Ocean, Konyukhov announced that he was not going to stop there. His plans include new projects: a flight around the world on hot-air balloon, sailing around the world in 80 days for the Jules Verne Cup on a keelboat with a crew, diving into the Mariana Trench.
Today, this young English traveler, TV presenter and writer is known to a multi-million audience thanks to the highest-rated television show on the Discovery Channel. In October 2006, the program "Survive at any cost" began to air with his participation. The goal of the TV presenter is not only to entertain the viewer, but also to provide valuable advice and recommendations that may come in handy in unforeseen situations.
Bear was born in Great Britain into a family of hereditary diplomats, received an excellent education at the elite Ladgrove School and the University of London. Parents did not interfere with the son's hobby for sailing, rock climbing and martial arts. But the future traveler received the skills of endurance and the ability to survive in the army, where he mastered parachute jumping and mountaineering. These skills later helped him achieve his cherished goal - the conquest of Everest. This event took place at the very end of the last century, in 1998. Bear Grylls possesses simply irrepressible energy. The list of his travels is huge. From 2000 to 2007, he sailed around the British Isles in thirty days to raise funds for the British Royal Society of Water Rescue; crossed on inflatable boat the North Atlantic; flew over Angel Falls in a steam-powered plane, dined in a balloon at an altitude of over seven thousand meters; on a paraglider flew over the Himalayas ... In 2008, the traveler was at the head of an expedition organized to climb one of the most remote unclimbed peaks in Antarctica. Almost all of the expeditions that Grills participates in are charitable.
If you think that distant wanderings are the prerogative of a strong half of humanity, then you are deeply mistaken. And this was proved by the young American Abby Sunderland, who, at the age of 16, made a single-handed trip around the world on a yacht. Interestingly, Abby's parents not only allowed her to undertake such a risky endeavor, but also helped prepare for it. It should be noted that the girl's father is a professional sailor.
On January 23, 2010, the yacht departed from the port of Marina Del Rey in California. Unfortunately, the maiden voyage was unsuccessful. The second attempt took place on February 6. Very soon Abby reported damage to the yacht's hull and engine malfunction. At this time, she was between Australia and Africa, 2 thousand miles from the coast. After that, the connection with the girl was interrupted, and nothing was known about her. The search operation was unsuccessful and Abby was reported missing. However, a month later, the yacht received a distress signal from the southern Indian Ocean. After 11 hours of searching by Australian rescuers, a yacht was found in a severe storm zone, in which, fortunately, Abby was safe and sound. A large supply of food and water helped her survive. The girl said that all the time after the last communication session she had to overcome the storm, and she was physically unable to get in touch and send a radiogram. Abby's example inspires the courageous in spirit to test their capabilities and not stop there.
One of the most original travelers of our time spent on his unusual travel around the world for thirteen years of life. The non-standard of the situation was that Jason abandoned the achievements of civilization in the form of any kind of technology. The former British janitor set off on his trip around the world with a bicycle, a boat and ... roller skates!
Photo: mikaelstrandberg.com
The expedition started from Greenwich in 1994. The 27-year-old Lewis chose his friend Steve Smith as his partner. In February 1995, the travelers reached the United States. After 111 days of sailing, the friends decided to cross the states separately. In 1996, a rollerblading Lewis was hit by a car. He spent nine months in the hospital. After recovering, Lewis goes to Hawaii, and from there, on a pedal boat, sails to Australia. On Solomon Islands he hit the epicenter civil war, and off the coast of Australia he was attacked by an alligator. Upon arriving in Australia, Lewis interrupts the trip due to financial difficulties and works for a while in a funeral home and sells T-shirts. In 2005 he moved to Singapore, from there - to China, from which he moved to India. After cycling through the country, the Briton reaches Africa by March 2007. The remainder of Lewis's journey passes through Europe. He cycled through Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Belgium, then swam across the English Channel and returned to London in October 2007, completing his unique journey around the world. James Lewis proved to the whole world and to himself that there is no limit to human capabilities.
Photo: mikaelstrandberg.com
Travel has always attracted people, but before it was not only interesting, but also extremely difficult. The territories were not explored, and, starting the journey, everyone became an explorer. Which travelers are the most famous and what exactly did each of them discover?
James Cook
The famous Englishman was one of the finest cartographers of the eighteenth century. He was born in the north of England and by the age of thirteen he began to work with his father. But the boy was unable to trade, so he decided to take up sailing. In those days, all the famous travelers in the world went to distant countries on ships. James took a great interest in the nautical business and so quickly moved up the career ladder that he was offered to become a captain. He refused and went to the Royal Navy. Already in 1757, the talented Cook began to manage the ship himself. His first achievement was the drawing up of the channel of the river. He discovered in himself the talent of navigator and cartographer. In the 1760s, he explored Newfoundland, attracting the attention of the Royal Society and the Admiralty. He was assigned to travel across the Pacific Ocean, where he reached the shores of New Zealand. In 1770, he accomplished what other famous travelers had not previously achieved - he discovered a new mainland. Cook returned to England in 1771 as the famous pioneer of Australia. His last journey was an expedition in search of a passage connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Today, even schoolchildren know the sad fate of Cook, who was killed by the natives-cannibals.
Christopher Columbus
Famous travelers and their discoveries have always had a significant impact on the course of history, but few are as famous as this man. Columbus became the national hero of Spain, drastically expanding the country's map. Christopher was born in 1451. The boy quickly achieved success as he was diligent and a good student. Already at the age of 14, he went to sea. In 1479, he met his love and began life in Portugal, but after the tragic death of his wife he went with his son to Spain. Having received the support of the Spanish king, he went on an expedition, the purpose of which was to find a way to Asia. Three ships sailed west from the coast of Spain. In October 1492, they reached Bahamas... This is how America was discovered. Christopher mistakenly decided to call the locals Indians, believing that he had reached India. His report changed history: two new continents and many islands, discovered by Columbus, became the main direction of travel of the colonialists in the next few centuries.
Vasco da Gama
Portugal's most famous traveler was born in Sines on September 29, 1460. From a young age, he worked in the Navy and became famous as a confident and fearless captain. In 1495, King Manuel came to power in Portugal, who dreamed of developing trade with India. For this, a sea route was needed, in search of which Vasco da Gama was to go. There were also more famous seafarers and travelers in the country, but for some reason the king chose him. In 1497, four ships sailed south, circled and sailed to Mozambique. There they had to stop for a month - half of the team by that time was sick with scurvy. After a break, Vasco da Gama reached Calcutta. In India, he established trade relations for three months, and a year later returned to Portugal, where he became a national hero. The opening of the sea route, which made it possible to get to Calcutta by east coast Africa, was his main achievement.
Nikolay Miklukho-Maclay
Famous Russian travelers have done a lot too important discoveries... For example, the same Nikolai Mikhlukho-Maclay, who was born in 1864 in the Novgorod province. He could not graduate from St. Petersburg University, as he was expelled for participating in student demonstrations. To continue his education, Nikolai went to Germany, where he met Haeckel, a naturalist who invited Miklouho-Maclay to his scientific expedition. So the world of wandering was opened for him. His whole life was devoted to travel and scientific work. Nicholas lived in Sicily, in Australia, studied New Guinea, implementing the project of the Russian Geographical Society, he visited Indonesia, the Philippines, the Malacca Peninsula and Oceania. In 1886, the naturalist returned to Russia and proposed to the emperor to establish a Russian colony overseas. But the project with New Guinea did not receive royal support, and Miklouho-Maclay fell seriously ill and died soon after, without completing his work on a book about travels.
Fernand Magellan
Many famous navigators and travelers lived in the era of the Great Magellans is no exception. In 1480 he was born in Portugal, in the city of Sabroza. Having gone to serve at the court (at that time he was only 12 years old), he learned about the confrontation between his native country and Spain, about travels to the East Indies and trade routes. So he first became interested in the sea. In 1505, Fernand got on the ship. For seven years after that, he plowed the sea, participated in expeditions to India and Africa. In 1513 Magellan traveled to Morocco, where he was wounded in battle. But this did not temper the craving for travel - he planned an expedition for spices. The king rejected his request, and Magellan went to Spain, where he received all the support he needed. Thus began his trip around the world. Fernand thought that the route to India from the west might be shorter. He crossed the Atlantic Ocean, reached South America and discovered the strait that would later be named after him. became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. On it, he reached the Philippines and almost reached the goal - the Moluccas, but died in a battle with local tribes, wounded by a poisonous arrow. However, his journey opened up a new ocean to Europe and the understanding that the planet is much larger than scientists had previously thought.
Roald Amundsen
The Norwegian was born at the very end of an era in which many famous travelers became famous. Amundsen was the last of the sailors to try to find undiscovered land. From childhood, he was distinguished by perseverance and faith in himself, which allowed him to conquer the South Geographic Pole. The beginning of the journey is associated with 1893, when the boy left the university and got a job as a sailor. In 1896, he became a navigator, and the following year set off on his first expedition to Antarctica. The ship got lost in the ice, the crew was sick with scurvy, but Amundsen did not give up. He took command, healed the people, remembering his medical education, and brought the ship back to Europe. Becoming a captain, in 1903 he set out in search of the Northwest Passage off Canada. Famous travelers before him had never done anything like this - in two years the team covered the path from the east of the American mainland to its west. Amundsen became known all over the world. The next expedition was a two-month hike to the South Plus, and the last venture was the search for Nobile, during which he went missing.
David Livingston
Many famous travelers are associated with sailing. he became an explorer of land, namely the African continent. The famous Scotsman was born in March 1813. At the age of 20, he decided to become a missionary, met Robert Moffett, and wished to go to African villages. In 1841 he came to Kuruman, where he taught local residents agriculture, served as a doctor and taught literacy. There he also learned the Bechuan language, which helped him travel across Africa. Livingstone studied in detail the life and customs of local residents, wrote several books about them and went on an expedition in search of the sources of the Nile, in which he fell ill and died of a fever.
Amerigo Vespucci
The most famous travelers in the world were most often from Spain or Portugal. Amerigo Vespucci was born in Italy and became one of the famous Florentines. He received a good education and trained to be a financier. From 1490 he worked in Seville, in the Medici trade mission. His life was associated with sea travel, for example, he sponsored the second expedition of Columbus. Christopher inspired him with the idea of \u200b\u200btrying himself as a traveler, and already in 1499 Vespucci went to Suriname. The purpose of the voyage was to study coastline... There he opened a settlement called Venezuela - Little Venice. In 1500 he returned home with 200 slaves. In 1501 and 1503. Amerigo repeated his travels, acting not only as a navigator, but also as a cartographer. He discovered the bay of Rio de Janeiro, which he himself named. Since 1505, he served the king of Castile and did not participate in campaigns, only equipped other people's expeditions.
Francis Drake
Many famous travelers and their discoveries have benefited humanity. But among them there are those who left behind and bad memory, since their names were associated with rather cruel events. The English Protestant, who had been on a ship from the age of twelve, was no exception. He captured local residents in the Caribbean, selling them into slavery to the Spaniards, attacked ships and fought with Catholics. Perhaps no one could match Drake in the number of captured foreign ships. His campaigns were sponsored by the Queen of England. In 1577 he went to South Americato destroy the Spanish settlements. During the trip, he found Tierra del Fuego and the strait, which was later named in his honor. Having rounded Argentina, Drake plundered the port of Valparaiso and two Spanish ships. When he reached California, he met the aborigines, who presented gifts of tobacco and bird feathers to the British. Drake crossed Indian Ocean and returned to Plymouth, becoming the first British immigrant to visit travel around the world... He was admitted to the House of Commons and awarded the title of Sir. In 1595 he died in the last campaign in the Caribbean.
Afanasy Nikitin
Few famous Russian travelers have reached the same heights as this native of Tver. Afanasy Nikitin became the first European to visit India. He traveled to the Portuguese colonialists and wrote "Voyage across the Three Seas" - the most valuable literary and historical monument. The success of the expedition was ensured by the career of a merchant: Afanasy knew several languages \u200b\u200band knew how to negotiate with people. On his journey he visited Baku, lived in Persia for about two years and reached India by ship. Having visited several cities of an exotic country, he went to Parvat, where he stayed for a year and a half. After the province of Raichur, he headed to Russia, making a route through the Arabian and Somali peninsulas. However, Afanasy Nikitin never made it home, because he fell ill and died near Smolensk, but his notes have survived and ensured world fame for the merchant.
