In 1994, many mass media reported that on March 22 at 20.58.01 Moscow time in the area of \u200b\u200bMezhdurechensk a passenger airbus A-310-300 "Glinka" crashed.
It belonged to the airline " Russian airlines»And operated a flight on the route Moscow-Hong Kong. "All 75 people on board were killed."
In these messages, the indication of the exact time of the disaster, the flight number, the name of the airline and the liner itself were unusual. Otherwise, it was not much different from others who reported the same aircraft crashes in different parts of our planet.
But gradually, many newspapers began to focus on this particular disaster. Moskovsky Komsomolets responded to the results of the first studies with the article "Witnesses who do not disappear." In it, in particular, it was noted that there is always a reason and even a number of reasons for which disasters occur.
“The last witnesses in this case are the“ black boxes ”that preserve a tape recording of everything that happens in the cockpit until the very last minute: negotiations with the Earth, commands, cries for help.
Airbus "Glinka", flying to Hong Kong with 63 passengers on board, suddenly disappeared from the screens and, without giving any signals, fell from a height of 10 100 meters. The rescue teams sent to the crash site found the wreckage of the airliner within a few hours. Parts of the tail, wings, cockpit of the aircraft were scattered separately from each other. Only heaps of ash remained of himself.
Airbus A-310-300
Of the three black boxes, only two survived. They were burnt and deformed, but the records in them have survived. They were deciphered in France in the presence of members of the Russian State Commission. The first versions seemed simply fantastic: the plane either collided with a natural celestial body, pulled into the gravity zone, or became a victim ... of a UFO.
These assumptions were based on the fact that the airliner flew at a 10-kilometer altitude, clearly maintained all the specified flight parameters and did not give an SOS signal. Later, there was still a rumor about the alleged place terrorist act and depressurization of the hull, which caused the instant death of the crew and passengers.
News agencies put forward their assumption: the pilots were allowed to sit at the controls of the plane for children. One of them pressed the wrong button, and the plane began to fall.
However, all competent persons unanimously declare that this cannot be true and nothing like that - in principle! - cannot happen. Russian scientist A.F. Chernyaev, analyzing the situation with the airliner, claims that there is simply no such button that can bring out the entire aircraft control system. The voices of children that are heard in the "black box" do not speak of anything by themselves.
Maybe the children were not even in the cockpit, but just stood in the aisle, watching the work of the crew. This is not prohibited by international rules. On the contrary, in an aircraft of this class, the doors must always be open during the flight so that passengers feel calmer and more confident.
Further events developed as follows. The aircraft commander is perplexed that the autopilot is suddenly making an unplanned maneuver. After that, the liner suddenly falls on its side and begins to lose height. The crew tries to rectify the situation, but nothing works for them - something does not work there.
Only at the very ground did the pilots manage to level the plane, but then an explosion was heard. The last words before the explosion were: "We did it ..."
Maybe the plane hit one of the hills, lost its wing and began to crumble in parts? The place where the wreckage of the airliner was found speaks of just such a fall.
On the test bench in Toulouse, Russian and French specialists have reproduced the A-310 flight many times. But even in the calm atmosphere of the earthly "flight", the technique refused to reproduce those inconceivable pirouettes that the dying liner wrote in the air.
After an unexpected descent from a height of 10,000 meters, the A-310 rushed to the Earth either in a tailspin or in a deep spiral. Even a coup on the back was recorded, which is completely excluded for transport aircraft. Thus, even after returning from France, the group of Russian experts was unable to name the cause of the disaster. It was only by the end of October that experts from the two countries seemed to have established it.
However, Russian citizens could not then familiarize themselves with these dramatic conclusions. According to international rules, a country investigating a catastrophe on its territory must first familiarize the manufacturer and owner of the aircraft with all findings. It is hardly possible to get acquainted with these details even now, because the documents seem to have established that the life and fate of the 75 people on board the plane was really decided by the "child" factor.
The crew commander Kudrinsky took his children, 12-year-old Yana and 14-year-old Eldar, to spend spring vacation in Hong Kong. The roll of the plane arose from the simultaneous impact on the steering wheel of Eldar and the autopilot.
Here Eldar sits in the left chair, and his eyes flare up. Still would! Which of his peers does not dream of sitting at the controls of an airplane, and even during a flight!
The aircraft lifted its nose more and more, increased the angle of attack of the wing (that is, as if it was specifically striving for a position ideal for stalling into a spin). At some point, this is exactly what happened with a car that was absolutely not designed for flying in this mode. It turned out to be just as unusual for the crew.
This disaster became one of the most tragic and mysterious in the Russian aviation. The Airbus was so technically advanced that there were only two people in its crew - the first and the second pilot. All other control was distributed among electronic devices.
The last communication session "Glinka" took place with the city of Novokuznetsk at 20.49.47. The next one was supposed to be in ten minutes, but by that time not a single person was alive on the plane. In a few minutes, the liner will spin out of control and begin its "death dance".
In the meantime, everything on board seems to be calm. It was calm on the ground.
A.F. Chernyaev, who for many years has been studying the properties and effects of the ether, has repeatedly written in his works that there is a physical ether. The life of people rising into the air largely depends on his behavior. The scientist was closely studying this whole situation with the Russian airbus and believes that by this time, apparently, the plane was already going in a dense ether-air cloud.
Its signal on the radar screens either began to pulsate or disappeared altogether. And if this was indeed the case, then the disappearance of the signal should have served as a signal to the ground controller that the plane was in danger. And then he would still have a few minutes to warn the Airbus crew about her.
By this time (20.51.15) the pilots were already (apparently, under the influence of the ether) inhibited and inadequately perceived the situation. Devices under the influence of ether electrons also began to supply distorted information to the computer. From that moment, when Eldar began active piloting, the plane was doomed. The son practiced with might and main with the steering wheel, and soon the huge airliner gradually begins to obey the child - in spite of the working autopilot.
The car began to lose the altitude and speed set by the autopilot. Soon, Eldar was surprised to see that the land "floated under the side." The autopilot tried to correct the changed parameters, according to the program laid down in it. Automatics began to "take" the steering wheel, Eldar turned it in his direction. For a while, piloting was carried out in two hands - an autopilot and a child, each trying to "convince" the other that he was right. However, as noted by A.F. Chernyaev, everything could have happened exactly the opposite: both the machine gun and the person worked harmoniously.
However, the moment came when the young man realized that the plane was turning on its own. To understand this, he had to not act on the steering wheel for at least a few seconds. These seconds would be enough for the autopilot to level the flight. If the aircraft's instruments hadn't been lying, if the airliner had been in a normal environment and had enough engine power ...
Soon the plane began to shake violently. Along with the shaking, a deafening roar burst into the cockpit, because powerful overloads arose on board. The car rolls to the left more and more, the shaking increases, but the autopilot is still working. Apparently, they are trying to remove Eldar from the seat, but due to the increasing acceleration and three-fold overloads, he is simply pressed into the seat.
The guy, distraught with fear, is trying to get out of the chair (father and one of the passengers), but then his foot accidentally rests on the right gas pedal. And the plane, going at an extremely low ("stall") speed and lifting its nose up to the limit, immediately falls to the right through its back. Pilots call this the "corkscrew". It was at this moment that the autopilot shutdown signal went off and the Glinka began its irreversible movement towards the ground. Prior to that, for fifteen seconds the autopilot fought with a person, creating dizzying manipulations with the plane. And only when the car reached a critical roll, it (as indicated in the instructions for its operation) turned off.
True, at this time Eldar had already been removed from the chair, and passenger Vladimir Makarov was jumping in his place. The pilots seemed to feel in a familiar environment and began to master the situation. The crew tried to get the car out of a deep spiral by increasing the speed.
Prior to this, the state of "ethereal" intoxication did not allow pilots to simultaneously monitor several parameters, comprehend the situation and only then make decisions. The crew's attention was focused only on individual operations. This is probably why, in two and a half minutes, no one remembered about radio communications and about their duties to inform the ground dispatcher about all the problems on board.
At 20.58, the plane began to lift its nose and level out, coming out of a spin. At this moment, there was a visible hope for a successful outcome. But it was already too late! The earth was at a distance of three hundred meters, and there were four seconds left before colliding with it ...
Probably (and even obligatory), there are other points of view and other explanations for the cause of the Glinka airliner crash. After all, experts from the two countries could not establish its exact cause. But A.F. Chernyaev believes that it is impossible to change the physics of the ether and it was she who invisibly played a fatal role in this tragedy.
"(Computer reconstruction)
Fall from the echelon
Outsiders in the cockpit, unexplored features of aircraft instruments
Fuselage wreckage of A310 - fragment of the inscription "AEROFLOT"
Plane crash of flight SU593 took place on March 22, 1994 near Mezhdurechensk in the Kemerovo region. All 75 people on board were killed as a result of the fall of the A310 aircraft of Aeroflot.
The main cause of the crash was an unacceptable situation in which the aircraft commander put his fifteen-year-old son at the helm of the airliner, whose unintentional actions led to a partial shutdown of the autopilot. Secondary reasons were the undocumented behavior of the autopilot, and the absence, at that time, in the crew training program of decision-making rules in such situations.
Crew
Flight
Flight 593 was operated by Airbus A310-304 (F-OGQS M. Glinka) from Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport (SVO) to Kaitak Airport, Hong Kong (HKG). The crew commander Yaroslav Kudrinsky took on board his two children - daughter Yana and son Eldar. When the plane was flying in the Novokuznetsk region, Kudrinsky, in violation of the charter, allowed first his daughter and then his son to sit in the ship's commander's chair. This circumstance was ignored by the other crew members.
Catastrophe
Before allowing the children to take the command chair, Kudrinsky turned on the autopilot. The daughter of the commander did not try to take any action to control the aircraft. After her, the captain's son, 15-year-old Eldar Kudrinsky, sat at the helm. The teenager was holding on to the steering wheel, slightly rocking it from side to side, which could not lead to disabling the autopilot "overpowering". However, in the end, Eldar applied a force of 8-10 kg to the steering wheel for 30 seconds, which led to a partial shutdown of the autopilot, which stopped giving commands to the ailerons, which, in turn, caused an uncontrollable roll to the right side. Prior to this, this feature of the A310 autopilot was unknown to the crew. The light signaling of the mode shutdown went off, but the crew did not notice this, since the design feature of the A310 is the absence of the sound signaling of the autopilot shutdown.
Eldar was the first to notice the roll of the plane and reported this to his father. However, for several seconds both professional pilots could not understand the reason for the abnormal behavior of the aircraft. As the track line on the screen changed to a circle, the co-pilot assumed that the aircraft had entered a "holding zone", that is, it was describing large-diameter circles - a flight pattern used while waiting for a landing clearance.
The plane was banked to the right at a speed of about 1.5 ° per second, and soon the right bank reached 45 °, which is above the permissible limit. This caused significant positive overloads (4.8 g). When the crew members noticed that the autopilot was disabled, they tried to take their seats again.
Contrary to the instructions, the co-pilot, in the absence of the commander in his seat, pushed his seat back all the way, which for a long time did not allow him to take a working position due to the overloads that arose. The aircraft commander could not get into his seat for a long time due to strong G-forces and a large roll angle.
The situation was greatly complicated by the fact that in the left armchair there was still the only person who had physical ability to control the plane - the 15-year-old son of the commander, who received and tried to carry out various, inconsistent and contradictory commands from his father, co-pilot and a third adult in the cockpit - a family friend of the crew commander, also a pilot who flew on the same flight and came to the cockpit with the children ... According to the analysis of the soundtrack of the "black box", Eldar's attempts to rectify the situation were greatly hampered by ignorance of the pilot's jargon. As an example, the command "Hold the steering wheel!" Was given, which the boy took for the command to hold the steering wheel in the extreme right position, while the pilots meant the command to level the plane.
In the meantime, the roll had already reached 90 °, and the plane began to lose altitude. In order to prevent further descent, the autopilot (only the roll machine was turned off) increased the pitch angle to such an extent that the plane began to quickly lose speed and went into a stall. The co-pilot completely turned off the machine gun and managed to get the plane out of the stall by lowering the nose. The congestion lessened, and the commander finally managed to get his son out of his chair and take his workplace. The pilots brought the plane into normal flight mode, but could not recognize their spatial position in time. Flying over a hill at low altitude, the plane caught on the edges of trees and crashed into a forest near the village of Maly Maizas, about 20 kilometers southeast of Mezhdurechensk.
Consequences of the plane crash
In the course of an investigation carried out jointly by Aeroflot and Airbus, changes were made to the aircraft documentation and the training plan for Aeroflot pilots. In particular, now in the flight manual on the website airdisaster.ru
A passenger plane crashed in the Indian Ocean. Yemenia Airways' Airbus A310-300, flying from Sana'a to the capital of the Comoros, falls into the water off the coast north island Comoros archipelago. So far, nothing is known about the fate of the 150 people on board.
An Airbus A310-300 passenger plane crashed near the Comoros, located in the Mozambique Strait of the Indian Ocean. According to Reuters, Yemenia Airlines, which owned the plane, made connecting flight... On Monday at 08.55 Yemen time (09.55 Moscow time) Airbus A330-200, owned by the company, took off on flight IY749 from Paris Charles de Gaulle airport to the airport of the Yemen capital Sanaa with a stopover in Marseille. Having reached Sana'a at 19.50 Moscow time, the agency reports, the passengers of the A330-200 transferred to the A310-300 and at 21.30 Moscow time departed on flight IY626 to the Comoros. They were supposed to arrive at Moroni airport at 03.15 Moscow time.
However, an hour before the scheduled landing, the Airbus disappeared from the radar.
According to an unnamed employee of the local airport, quoted by Reuters, the pilot of the liner managed to inform the dispatchers that he would soon be landing, and then contact with him was lost.
Soon, officials from the Comoros authorities reported that the liner had crashed in Indian Ocean... According to the Qatari TV channel Al-Jazeera, the plane crashed off the coast of the northern island of the Comoros archipelago - Ngazija. So far, representatives of local authorities cannot name the place of the fall. According to the Agency for Aviation Safety and Navigation in Africa and Madagascar (ASECNA), rescuers have already headed to the alleged site of the tragedy. Until now, nothing is known about the fate of the passengers of the liner. "Most likely, the plane is somewhere in 8 kilometers from the coast. Civil and military ships have already set off in search," - quoted by CNN TV channel ASECNA spokesman Ibrahim Kassim.
A headquarters has already been set up in Paris to provide assistance to the relatives of passengers flying with Yemenia Airways. According to the website of the airline itself, its representatives do not intend to communicate with the press. The data on the number of passengers varies. Thus, AFP reports 147 passengers.
According to the Sky News TV channel, there were 11 crew members and 142 passengers on board. The same numbers are quoted on the Yemenia Airways official website. It is only known for certain that most of those on board the liner are citizens of the Comoros and the French.
At about 10.30 Moscow time, rescuers found the wreckage of the plane and the bodies of two passengers.
This is the fourth incident for Yemenia Airways. From 2001 to 2006, not a single person was injured in accidents involving the company's aircraft. Yemenia Airways is 51% owned by the government of Yemen and 49% by the government Saudi Arabia... The company's air transport fleet consists of two Airbus A330-200 aircraft, four Airbus 310-300 and four Boeing 737-800.
What is Airbus A310
Airbus A310 is a small wide-body medium-long-haul passenger aircraft. It is one of the smallest wide-body aircraft in the world. In mid-1975, the designers of the Airbus Industry consortium began preliminary development of the project passenger aircraft A300B10, which was a variant of the A300B4 with a shortened fuselage. At the same time, the development of the A310-200 airliner with a flight range of more than 5 thousand kilometers began.
The first flight of the prototype A310-200 took place on April 3, 1982. Regular operation of the aircraft began the following year. In March 1983, designers from Airbus Industry began developing the A310-300 for long-haul airlines. The main difference from the previous model was the presence of an additional fuel tank with a capacity of more than 6 thousand liters. in the horizontal tail and the use of an automated fuel transfer system to maintain optimal balance of the aircraft in flight.
In 1985, the A310-300 entered regular service. Since 1991, the aircraft has been certified by the Aviaregister of the Russian Federation, as a result of which it received the right to operate in russian airlines... IN different time A310s were operated by Aeroflot and Transaero. Currently, this type of aircraft is used only by S7 Airlines, which has seven A310s at its disposal.
The total number of A310s delivered by Airbus by 2008 is 255, of which 39 airlines have 220 aircraft in service. To date, all A310 airliners in service have completed over four million flights with a total duration of about 10.5 million flight hours... Production of the A310 was officially completed in 2007.
Airbus A310 incidents
In July 1992, an Airbus A310 belonging to a Thai airline went off course due to a misunderstanding between pilot and controller, and crashed near Kathmandu. All 113 people on board were killed.
In March 1994, the pilot of the A310 en route from Moscow to Hong Kong put his 16-year-old son at the helm, who accidentally turned off the autopilot. The plane went into a tailspin and crashed near Mezhdurechensk. All 75 people on board were killed.
In March 1995, in Romania, the A310 pilot stopped driving, forgetting to turn off the autopilot. The plane crashed near the Romanian city of Balotesti. 60 people were killed.
In November 1998, another A310 crashed while landing at an airport in Thailand due to adverse weather conditions. 101 of the 146 people on board were killed.
In January, another liner of this model fell into the sea near Abidjan. The crash occurred shortly after takeoff due to a crew error. 169 of the 179 people on board the A310 were killed.
There were no casualties during the accident involving the A310 in Austria in December 2000. The car's landing gear jammed, and the pilots made an emergency landing in a field near settlement Schwechat.
In July 2007, when landing in Irkutsk, the A310 engine went into takeoff mode, which caused the liner to crash to the ground. 125 of 203 people died.
Another incident was recorded in June 2006. The A310 landing in Khartoum crashed and caught fire. 30 of the 214 people on board were killed.
Plane crashA310 near Mezhdurechensk -a disaster that occurred on the night of March 22-23, 1994 with an Airbus A310-308 airliner of Aeroflot. Because of a child who accidentally turned off the autopilot and took control, the plane went into a spin and crashed near Mezhdurechensk. All 75 people on board were killed.
Events
On March 22, 1994, at 20:39 local time, Aeroflot's Airbus A310 took off from the runway of Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport and headed for Hong Kong. The 63 passengers taken on board had nothing to worry about: the A310 with the assigned name M. Glinka was one of the first new European aircraft delivered to Aeroflot's fleet just a couple of years ago, the aircraft was operated by experienced pilots, and 9 flight attendants worked in the cabin.
The flight proceeded normally and, 3.5 hours after takeoff, the crew commander called his two children into the cockpit: daughter Yana and son Eldar. When the plane was flying in the Novokuznetsk area, he allowed his daughter and then his son to sit in the ship's commander's chair. In addition, there was a family friend in the cockpit, also an Aeroflot pilot who was on the same flight as a passenger.
Before allowing the children to take the command seat, the commander turned on the autopilot. First, the commander's daughter, 13-year-old Yana Kudrinskaya, sat at the helm. She did not try to take any action to control the plane. After her, the captain's son, 15-year-old Eldar, sat at the helm. The teenager held on to the steering wheel, rocking it slightly from side to side. This did not bother the crew, as the plane was controlled by the autopilot. However, in the end, Eldar applied a force of 8-10 kg to the steering wheel for 30 seconds, which led to a partial shutdown of the autopilot, which stopped giving commands to the ailerons - the crew did not know about this feature of the autopilot. Also, the pilots did not notice the light indication, and there was no sound signal.
Eldar was the first to notice the roll of the plane and reported it. However, for several seconds both professional pilots could not understand the reason for the abnormal behavior of the aircraft.
The aircraft was banked to the right at a speed of about 1.5 ° per second, and soon the right bank reached 45 °, which is above the permissible limit. When the crew members noticed that the autopilot was disabled, they tried to take their seats again.
The co-pilot, having relaxed, strongly pushed his seat back and at a critical moment due to overloads could not return to the place. The commander also could not sit in his chair due to overloads. As a result, in conditions of a strong loss of height with a roll the only personThe plane was piloted by a 15-year-old boy. He was even more confused by the fact that he heard many commands from three people while often not understanding the pilot's jargon.
Meanwhile, the roll had already reached 90 °, and the plane began to lose altitude. In order to prevent further reduction, the autopilot increased the pitch angle to such an extent that the aircraft began to quickly lose speed and went into a stall. The co-pilot completely turned off the machine gun and managed to get the plane out of the stall by lowering the nose. The congestion lessened, and the commander was finally able to get his son out of his chair and take his workplace. The pilots brought the plane into normal flight mode, but could not recognize their spatial position in time.
The airliner Airbus A310 with 75 people on board touched the edges of trees and crashed into the forest near Mezhdurechensk. No one survived.
Airplane crash investigation
Search and rescue operations at the crash site took quite a long time: the remains of passengers and the wreckage of the aircraft were scattered within a radius of 2 km. Later, the found parts of the aircraft were transported to the hangar. aviation enterprise Novokuznetsk airport, where they were attached to the frame according to the shape of the aircraft. There, representatives of Aeroflot and Airbus began to study the circumstances of the disaster.
The first versions of the causes of the disaster seemed exotic: the plane either collided with a natural celestial body, or became a victim of a UFO. These assumptions were based on the fact that the airliner flew at an altitude of 10100 meters, strictly maintained all the specified flight parameters, the crew did not give any alarm signals, no information about the failure of any instruments was reported, the plane was controlled by an experienced crew. Later there were rumors about an alleged terrorist attack and depressurization of the aircraft, which caused the instant death of the crew and passengers.
The Chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) Vladimir Kofman admitted several years later: “ The case is unprecedented. At that time, as they say, we did not have enough conscience or courage to declare that the plane was killed by a child. But the recording on the voice recorder and further investigation, which lasted a whole year, showed that other options were excluded. After this incident, the journalists started talking in chorus about the "pilot's fault", the "human factor" in matters of accidents and so on. And we thought about something else - about the role of the co-pilot. After all, children were put at the wheel before. In fact, there is nothing wrong if the kid sits in the pilot's seat while the airliner is controlled by the autopilot. The question is: what did your partner do - the "technical reserve" of a happy father, while he was busy with his son? Instead of keeping an eye on the instruments and, if something happens, quickly take control, he went to the corner of the cockpit to shoot Eldar on a video camera. And he missed the moment when the boy turned the airbus on manual control and did not notice the deep roll into which the plane went. When the pilots realized it, it was already too late ...».
Effects
Changes were made to the aircraft documentation and the training plan for Aeroflot pilots. In particular, now in the flight manuals of all Airbus A310s, a clause has been made on the spontaneous deactivation of automatic aileron control when a force of more than 10 kg is applied to the steering wheel for 30 or more seconds. During flights on simulators performed by Russian instructor pilot Vladimir Biryukov together with Airbus test pilots, it turned out that if both pilots could not reach the controls, then the automatic control system could quickly restore straight-line safe flight
Transcript of negotiations
The plane is flying over Novokuznetsk. Commander Jan's daughter sits at the wheel.
Co-pilot: Novokuznetsk, Aeroflot 593rd, we are passing your point at flight level 10100.
FAC: Well, Yana, will you fly?
Yana: No!
FAC: Don't press the buttons. Don't touch this red one! ..
Yana: Dad, can you twist this?
FAC: Do you see Novokuznetsk on the left?
Yana: Are we flying so low?
PIC: Ten thousand one hundred meters.
Yana: That's a lot, right?
FAC: A lot ...
Yana leaves the commander's chair.
FAC: Wait, take your time ...
Yana: I'm already careful ...
The son of Eldar sits in the commander's chair.
Makarov: The pilot is filming.
Eldar: Are you filming?
Makarov: Taking pictures.
Eldar: Can I twist it?
FAC: Yes! If you turn left, where will the plane go?
Eldar: Left!
FAC: Turn! Turn left!
Eldar: Great!
FAC: Is the plane going to the left?
Eldar: Coming.
4 minutes pass.
Eldar: Why is he turning?
FAC: Does he turn himself?
Eldar: Yes.
FAC: Hold the steering wheel!
Co-pilot: Speed!
FAC: Turn left! Left! Right! Left! The earth is here! Eldar, come out! Get out, Eldar! Come out! Come out! Come out! Come out! Come out, I say! Full throttle!
Co-pilot: Got gas!
FAC: Full throttle!
Co-pilot: Dal!
FAC: Full gas!
Co-pilot: The speed is very high!
FAC: So! We leave! Right! Right leg! Remove the gases!
Co-pilot: Got it!
FAC: Quiet-oh-oh-nechku!
Co-pilot: Bl ... b, again!
FAC: Do not turn right! Let's get out now! It's okay! Slowly on yourself, slowly! Slowly, I say!
Short crackle.
End of recording.
