Brief information about the country
Independence Date
Official language
Vietnamese
Form of government
Parliamentary republic
Territory
331,210 km² (66th in the world)
Population
92 477 857 people (14th in the world)
Vietnamese Dong (VND)
Timezone
Largest cities
Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi
$ 276.6 billion (42nd in the world)
Internet domain
Telephone code
Vietnam- a multinational republic, the culture of which was formed under the influence of local tribes, neighboring countries and colonialists. As a result, we have a modern country with a developed economy playing an important role in the Association of States South-East Asia and in the world in general. Direct access to the Chinese Sea and rich nature gave impetus to the development of tourism - today Vietnam is one of the most popular countries among fans of exotic holidays.
Video: Vietnam
Basic moments
The population of Vietnam, which covers an area of 331,210 km², according to the latest data is about 90 million people. Representatives of ethnic groups such as Viet, Tai, Thai, Khmer and others live here. The official language in the country is Vietnamese, however, schools also study English, French, Chinese, so communication problems in big cities will not. Tourists also often speak Russian.
Vacationers choose Vietnam primarily for the sea and clean beaches... Also of great interest is the culture and ancient history of the country, which dates back to the 4th-3rd centuries. BC.
Brief history of the country
Modern Vietnam with its unique traditions is the result of a mixture of cultures and customs of different tribes. On its territory, powerful civilizations arose and fell into decay, which were forced all the time to restrain the raids of more powerful neighbors, including China and Mongolia.
For a long time, the country was fragmented, and only at the end of the 18th century, Vietnam, after a long civil war, became a single state under the leadership of the Nguyen dynasty. The 19th century brought here a new yoke, which this time came from Europe. Thus, France captured the entire southern part of Vietnam, and the northern and central regions were under its direct influence, albeit less tangibly. It was a French colony until the outbreak of World War II, when it was invaded by Japan. As a result of a series of unanimous decisions of the representatives of the communist movement, in 1945 there was a coup, and Ho Chi Minh took power.
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam tried to establish relations with France on equal terms, but the negotiations did not lead to anything - the First Indochina War began, which lasted 9 years.
The constant growth of the influence of the Communist Party was the reason that the United States provoked the disruption of the general elections, which would have allowed the creation of a unified state. A military conflict arose, in which the forces of America and the USSR were involved. The long bloody war ended with the merger of the North and South into a single Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which was reformed in 1992 and took a course towards liberalization and democratization.
In our time, the state is rapidly developing in economic, scientific and industrial areas. The tourism sector plays a significant role.
Vietnam's cities
All cities in Vietnam
Vietnam nature
Relatively small in area, Vietnam is distinguished by its natural and climatic diversity. In this regard, the country is clearly divided into three zones: North Vietnam (Bakbo), Central Vietnam(Chungbo) and South Vietnam (Nambo). It is this division that predetermined the internal differences in the economy and the general way of life of people in different regions of Vietnam.
Vietnam is a country of mountains and mountain plateaus. The chain of the Annam mountains (Truong Son) stretches for 1200 km from the north-west to the south-east, reaching an altitude of 2500-2700 m above sea level. These are not the highest mountains of Vietnam: the highest point of the country, Mount Fanshipan (3143 m), is located in the north, "occupied" by the spurs of the Yunnan Highlands. The mountains of North Vietnam are steep, with rugged slopes and narrow river valleys. Closer to the south, the Annam Mountains transform into low (on average 1000 m above sea level) plateaus separating Vietnam from Laos and Cambodia. Five such plateaus - Kontum, Pleiku, Darlak, Lamven and Zilin - are united under the general name Teingguyen, or "Western plateaus".
Plains in Vietnam stretch in the deltas of the largest rivers Mekong and Red, and also stretch in a narrow strip along the sea coast. Above sea level, the plains are raised by only 1-3 m, and some areas even lie below zero. During the period of monsoon rains, they are completely flooded with water and turn into real lakes. During typhoons, sea waves often invade the coastal areas of the plains, washing up sandy ramparts and dunes.
Climate
Although Vietnam is located south of the Northern Tropic, the average air temperature is lower here than in neighboring countries lying at the same latitudes. The reason for this is the mountains, which occupy 80% of the territory of Vietnam. In addition, almost all mountain ranges in the country stretched from north to south and do not shield the country from the invasions of masses of cold air from Tibet and Central Asia. As a result, in winter in the northern part of tropical Vietnam, real climatic anomalies are not uncommon, when the temperature drops to + 10 ° С and even + 5 ° С. The difference in average winter and summer temperatures in Hanoi is quite large: from + 17 ° С in winter to + 29 ° С in summer. Due to the winter “frosts”, many tropical fruits grow poorly in Bakbo, and rice yields are not as high as in the South.
The climate of Vietnam is largely determined by the prevailing winds at one time or another of the year. In summer, it is the southern and southwestern monsoons, bringing rain, and in winter, dry winds blowing from the northeast.
While North Vietnam suffers from sudden changes in air temperature, the South of the country all year round enjoys the serene warmth. The difference between the lowest and highest temperatures in Nambo is only 4 degrees (+ 26 / + 30 ° C). Central Vietnam is a kind of transition zone between North and South: it is hotter here than in Bakbo and cooler than in Nambo.
The city of Dalat is considered the best and most comfortable in terms of climate: here the temperature is + 24 ° С all year round.
Vietnam is not only mountains and winds, it is also a land of water. On average, 2000-2500 mm of moisture is shed on it per year. The rains that fall in the Chungbo Mountains are especially generous. Here, the "wet" season comes much later than in the rest of Vietnam: the summer southwestern monsoon is raining down on the western, Lao slopes of the Annam mountains, and only moisture, delivered by winter winds from the Gulf of Tonkin, falls on "its" territory.
In the north, in the delta of the Red River, during the dry winter months, it is often drizzling with a specific local rain called mya poun (or dye), unable to really moisten the earth, but helping the plants to survive the seasonal drought on a hungry water ration.
Spring and autumn in Vietnam is a time of changing monsoons and changeable weather. Also, in the fall coastal areas Bakbo and Chung-bo visit typhoons annually, or even twice.
Rivers and lakes
The largest rivers flow in the South and North of the country. The palm belongs to the Mekong (in Vietnamese Ky-ulong). Of the 4400 km of its total length, Vietnam accounts for the shortest section of the lower reaches, but the Vietnamese are not upset - they completely own the "Father of Rivers" delta. The water level in the Mekong Delta is entirely dependent on the amount of precipitation in the upper reaches of the river. If in the rainy summer months it carries out into the sea 100 thousand cubic meters of water per second, then in winter the flow decreases to 4 thousand cubic meters. The Mekong Delta is replete with muddy channels and swampy areas, sometimes stretching for tens of kilometers.
Halong Bay
In the northern part of the country, not far from the capital, there is one of the most picturesque bays in the world, the magnificent views of which annually attract tens of thousands of tourists from all over the world. listed World heritage UNESCO is rightfully considered one of the wonders of the world. It is famous, first of all, for its limestone islands crowned with dense vegetation. There are about three thousand of them in total, and, according to legend, these are the bends of the body of an ancient dragon trying to hide under water from the wrath of a god. By the way, it was here that the famous scene of the movie "Avatar" was filmed.
The two most large islands The bays are inhabited, there is also a large floating village - houses are built right on the water, and the only mode of transport is boats and boats.
Hoi An
A small fishing town in the central region of Vietnam is a favorite destination for foreign tourists. It is chosen for a visit due to its clean sandy beaches and a large number of historical and cultural attractions, visiting which will make your vacation interesting. This city is sometimes called the "museum under open air"And" Vietnamese Venice ". Its former glory as a major seaport is reminiscent of the canals that have survived to this day, passing through several blocks. There is a unique atmosphere here, so it is worth setting aside a few days to visit Hoi An.
Nha Trang
They are chosen by those who are used to active rest and eventful city life. This resort attracts with its 7 km long beach and clear water. Tourists who have come to Vietnam to improve their health can visit the mud baths and hot springs. There is also one of the business cards country - a pagoda with a white figure of Buddha sitting on a lotus flower.
Another reason to visit is dive centers. This resort is recognized as the most the best place for scuba diving - in addition to the rich animal world, divers are attracted coral gardens... You can see the bay from a height by purchasing a ticket for cable car, which is the longest in the world.
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Vietnam caves
The nature of this country never ceases to amaze - in addition to the sights on the surface, there is also a huge number of underground wonders. Phong Nha-Kebang National Park (Vườn quốc gia Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng) - real paradise for cavers. A unique ecosystem has been preserved here with rare species plants and birds. It is surrounded by impenetrable forests and high mountains... For visiting as part of special groups, the caves of Thyendyong, Tien Son, Fongya are open. The latter is famous for its bizarre karst formations, whose names speak for themselves: "Lion", "Royal Court", "Buddha" and so on.
The highlight of the park, which was opened not so long ago, is the Sơn Đoòng Cave, recognized as the largest in the world. This is a whole underground world with rivers, lakes, vegetation.
Culture
The Viet culture originally developed as the culture of rice farmers. The main occupation of people determined the way of life, the menu of the national cuisine, the nature of holidays and entertainment. Rice, cultivated for the first time in Indochina, occupies 85% of the total arable land in Vietnam. Other food crops in Vietnam are grown only on those lands that, for some reason, are unsuitable for rice. The Vietnamese are familiar with about 200 varieties of this cereal - with white, yellow, reddish and even black grains. In South Vietnam, "floating" rice is grown, which brings crops in any flood: no matter how high the water rises, the ear of the plant always remains on the surface due to the rapidly stretching stem ... The most important property of rice is that its grains, covered with dense skin , can be stored for a long time in a humid climate, without the need for expensive elevators. The word "rice" for Vieta is synonymous with the word "food". If he doesn't empty at least one cup of rice while eating, no delicacies will give him the feeling of a complete, complete meal. Once upon a time in Vietnam it was even customary to greet an acquaintance with the polite phrase "Have you had a meal of rice?"
Rice checks (so called specially flooded fields) in the flat regions of the country, they form an almost continuous water surface, lined with lines of dams and roads, dotted with islets of villages. In flooded fields, fish are often bred, which brings double benefits - it not only eats, but also eats the larvae of harmful insects. There are no fences between the fields of the neighbors - they are replaced by small dams that serve as paths for the peasants. The Vietnamese villages are not particularly picturesque, moreover, the buildings are often hidden from the eyes of a stranger by trees and thickets of bamboo. At the same time, any, even the smallest, village is a cozy, harmoniously arranged and completely ordered world, where everything is in its place.
Unlike many peoples of Southeast Asia, Vieta build their traditional dwellings not on piles, but directly on the ground. Anything from split bamboo to bricks can be used as wall material. The center of the peasant estate is a residential building, to which farm buildings adjoin on both sides, forming a secluded courtyard. In front of the kitchen there are usually large vessels for water made of stone or fired clay. The main place in the master's house is considered to be the ancestral altar, decorated with lacquer tablets with the names of deceased family members and their photographs. Traditional furniture is simple and unsophisticated: a wooden chest for utensils and a few wooden plank beds. The roof of the house rests on pillars, between which a hammock is hung for an afternoon rest. Peasants-vietas successfully replace the dining table and bedding with wicker mats. Traditional dishes are made from bamboo and clay, and in the South they are also made from coconut shells.
The traditional Vieta costume consists of a loose straight blouse with patch pockets, wide trousers, a belt and a headdress. Peasants most often sew casual clothes from cotton fabric of black or dark brown color. The traditional clothing of women is called ao zai (in the south - ao ai)... This outfit consists of trousers and a straight, fitted tunic dress with a stand-up collar and deep slits on the sides. The festive joint stock company is sewn from silk fabric in bright colors and looks extremely impressive. Married Vietnamese women collect their hair in a tourniquet and wrap it around the head, while unmarried women usually loose their hair loosely. In the heat and rain, people of both sexes wear the famous conical non hats tied under their chins. These hats, woven from palm leaves, have become the most famous symbol of Vietnam around the world. The Vietnamese, in turn, borrowed something from the Europeans. So, on the head of a village man in the north of Vietnam, you can often see a khaki headdress, introduced by the French colonialists and firmly rooted in the army.
Vietnamese cuisine
Vietnamese cuisine was formed taking into account natural features countries, and also influenced by China and Japan. It is dominated by seafood, pork, nuts and legumes. Rice occupies a special place in traditional cuisine. It is used to make noodles, tortillas and "paper", which serve as the basis for many dishes.
Vieta cattle are used as draft: meat of cows and buffaloes is rarely eaten, and milk is drunk only if it is coconut or soy. By the way, soy milk, and with it soy "curd" (known as tofu in our country) came to Vietnam from China and became widespread in the northern regions of the country. Another dish borrowed from the Chinese is noodles. She clearly came to court here: throughout the country, from Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City, the day of a Vietnamese city dweller cannot be imagined without a few cups of pho soup, consisting of broth, noodles, boiled meat, soy sprouts and herbs.
Vietnamese cuisine contains a wide variety of foods and spices - tomatoes, cucumbers, herbs, beans, tapioca, peanuts, garlic, onions, sesame seeds, ginger, peppers ... Many dishes in Vietnam are prepared from bananas, while some of its varieties are good only fried or baked. Among traditional spices, salty nyok mam sauce (better known as fish sauce) and nyok leo sauce are especially popular. The first is made from small fish fermented with salt in large clay vats. This sauce is suitable for long-term storage. In restaurants, you can often find nok cham on the table - a liquid seasoning consisting of fish sauce, garlic, vinegar, rice wine and pepper. Nyok leo is made from pork fat, liver, garlic, onions, peanuts and sesame seeds and is served with portioned dishes. In southern restaurants, fish dishes are often served with tamarind and mango sauces.
Like the Chinese, the Vietnamese are known for their attachment to exotic foods that not every European would dare to try. Such are the pupae of the silkworm, scorpions, crickets ... Along with sea mollusks, Vieta willingly eat land snails, and sea crustaceans coexist with freshwater "rice crabs" on their table.
Perhaps the most famous Vietnamese dish is pancakes mute. They are prepared in the following way: a filling of pork, vegetables and spices is wrapped in the thinnest rice "paper" (banchang). A variety of steamed dishes made from glutinous rice or stuffed tapioca are very similar to it - the word "bath" is included in the names of such dishes.
You should definitely try the rice paper rolls. The filling can be any - from meat to fruit. These dishes are very satisfying, but light and healthy at the same time.
Vietnamese cuisine has prepared many surprises for tourists. Here you can taste culinary masterpieces, the names of which will shock many. However, the most daring venture to experiment and are happy to discover the taste of a baked bat, cobra salad and other delights.
Snakes - the Vietnamese have a special relationship with them. These reptiles are eaten here as freely as we, say, chickens. Moreover, they are considered healing - for example, eating the raw heart of a cobra, a person gains health and longevity. In this case, the blood organ must be swallowed while it is still beating.
Another 2-3 dishes are prepared from the snake meat, which is cut right in front of the visitors. It can be rolls, soup, salad with vegetables, as well as fried skins. You can order such delicacies in tourist restaurants in the city center, but experienced tourists are advised to go to small cafes where locals relax. They have a special atmosphere, and prices are several tens of dollars lower. On average, such a dinner will cost from 470,000 VND (approximately $ 21) - the cost depends on the level of the restaurant and the venomousness of the snake.
If you've never tasted fried bamboo, you should definitely go to Vietnam. This dish is especially popular here, since young shoots have many useful properties. The only drawback of all this is an extremely unpleasant smell, which, by the way, can be said about many traditional dishes, including fried herring.
Another exotic animal whose meat is worth trying when traveling to Vietnam is the crocodile. It is desirable that it be a young individual - then it will be soft and juicy. Soups, salads and other delicacies are prepared mainly from the "sirloin" parts - paws and tails. The price for such a delicacy ranges from 130,000-450,000 VND, in dollars it is about $ 6-20.
There is a traditional delicacy in Vietnamese cuisine, which causes an ambiguous reaction among the most fastidious foreigners. We are talking about duck eggs with embryos. They look quite frightening, but the delicate taste compensates for external imperfections. At the same time, tourists can choose eggs with more yolk, or practically filled with "meat". They are inexpensive and sold right on the streets - this is an analogue of our fast food, only instead of pies and sandwiches - unhatched chicks.
In addition, in Vietnamese cafes specializing in national dishes, you can order dog meat, fried rats, bats with spicy sauce, sea worms, pond and pork frogs and other exotic things. Of course, before you eat any of the above, you need to make sure that the food preparation takes place in the correct sanitary conditions.
In a country house, food is served on a large round wicker tray with a deep plate of rice in the center. It is surrounded by cups with spices, bowls with vegetable soup and other dishes.
Whereas rural Vieta traditionally drink green tea, city dwellers prefer coffee brought to Vietnam during the French era. Vietnamese coffee is excellent and it is made in a cafe in a very peculiar way. "Coffee maker" is a metal container with a lid, which is put on a glass. Several holes are drilled in the bottom of this device, thanks to which the steep boiling water slowly seeps into the glass through the layer of ground coffee. The resulting aromatic drink is drunk with condensed milk in the morning, and with ice cubes in the hot part of the day.
For the Vietnamese, rice is not only food, but also the raw material for making ruou wine. This drink is especially favored by the inhabitants of the "rice baskets" - the Mekong and Red River deltas. The most common type of rice wine is village mash, which is made from boiled rice that has been aged in an earthen vessel for three months. This drink is served on the table in a ceramic jug, closed with a lid with small holes. Bamboo tubes are inserted into them according to the number of participants in the feast. Wine is drunk through a straw directly from a jug in the center of the table. An appetizer can be dried fish or vegetable slices sprinkled with nyok mam fish sauce. Most often, tourists manage to taste such a drink in the Mekong Delta, in the vicinity of Ho Chi Minh City.
The Vietnamese are very fond of beer. In the evenings, in any street tavern, you can see people resting after work with a glass of bi-khoi - a traditional light beer sold on tap. The aluminum jug of this peculiar "malt lemonade" should be found under the name Bia Tuoi (bi tyoy, or "fresh beer"). Especially many of these signs can be found in Hanoi's Old City, at the corner of Ta Hien St. and Luong Ngoc Quyen St. Under the influence of Europeans at the beginning of the XX century. in the country, the production of the familiar lager beer began, now existing in the form of various brands. The most common brands are "Tiger", "Saigon" and "333" - the latter name sounds like "ba-ba-ba" in Vietnamese.
Popular traditional soft drinks include coconut milk, iced lemon juice (tian da), and freshly squeezed orange juice (kam wata).
In Vietnam, especially in the south, there is no shortage of fruit. Along with the well-known pineapples, bananas or citrus fruits, a visit to the country gives the opportunity to taste such wonders as lychee, cherimoya, mangosteen, tamarind, papaya or the famous durian. This fruit has earned the nickname "king of fruits" due to its taste, but the smell of ripe durian peel is found by many to be disgusting. In some countries in Southeast Asia, it is strictly forbidden to enter public places with durian.
Public holidays
Vietnam has public holidays with a fixed date.
- January 1 - New Year
- February 3 - Founding Day of the Communist Party of Vietnam
- April 30 - Saigon Liberation Day
- May 1 - International Labor Day
- May 19 - Ho Chi Minh's birthday
- July 27 Day - Remembrance of the Victims of War
- September 2 - Independence Day
- December 25 - Christmas
Many major Vietnamese holidays are associated with the lunar calendar, so their dates change.
- January February. Tet Nguyen Dan (Lunar New Year), or Tet, is the main holiday. Many celebrate it for a whole week, but the official celebrations last for three days.
- January February. Dong Da - commemorates the victory over the Chinese in 1789
- March, April. Thanh Minh (Day of remembrance of the dead). Vietnamese visit the graves of deceased relatives.
- April May. Le Fat Dan is a celebration of the birth, enlightenment and death of the Buddha.
- June July. Ching Nguyen (Day of the Wandering Souls), the second most important holiday of the year. People make offerings to the souls of the dead.
- November December. Birthday of Confucius.
Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
Viet-nam means "land of the southern vets".
Capital of vietnam... Hanoi.
Vietnam area... 332000 km2.
Vietnam population... 79,939 thousand people
Location of Vietnam... Vietnam is a state in the Southeast, in the east of the Indochina Peninsula. In the north it borders with, in the west - with and. In the southwest, east and south it is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Thailand.
Administrative divisions of Vietnam... It is divided into 52 provinces and 3 cities under the central government.
Form of government of Vietnam... Republic.
Head of State Vietnam... President elected for a term of 5 years.
Supreme Legislature of Vietnam... A unicameral National Assembly, whose term of office is 5 years.
Supreme Executive Body of Vietnam... Government.
Major cities of Vietnam... Haiphong, Ho Chi Minh City.
Official language of Vietnam... Vietnamese.
Vietnam religion... 55% of the population profess, 12% - Taoism, 10% - Catholicism, 23% - Islam, Protestantism, paganism.
Ethnic composition of Vietnam... 88% are Vietnamese, 12% are Chinese, Muong, Thais, Meo, Khmer, Man, Cham.
Vietnam currency... Dong = 100 sous = 100 hao.
Flora of vietnam... About 40% of the territory is tropical. Above 600-700 m in the north and 1000-1200 m in the south, pine, broad-leaved trees (oak, beech, chestnut) grow in mixed tropical forests. Bamboo is widespread along the rivers. Significant areas, especially in, are covered, in the south there are mangroves.
Fauna of vietnam... The fauna is represented by elephants, deer, bears, tigers, leopards. Among the small ones, the hare, squirrel, and monkey are especially widespread. A variety of birds and reptiles are observed. Of the latter, crocodiles, lizards and snakes live here.
The region where Vietnam is located is called Indochina and is considered one of the most populous in the world. Throughout its history, Vietnam has been inextricably linked to China, which has influenced its southern neighbor.
Where is the country of Vietnam located?
In a narrow strip, Vietnam stretches for 1,750 kilometers along the eastern coast of the Indochina Peninsula. Such a long distance, together with significant changes in the relief, creates very different natural conditions throughout the country, which vary from north to south.
Along the border with Cambodia and Laos, the Annam Mountains stretch across the territory, the highest point of which is located in Vietnam and is called Mount Bia.
The region where Vietnam is located does not lack water resources. Two of the deepest rivers of Southeast Asia - the Mekong and Hongha - flow through the country. And on its territory, they form their own deltas, flowing into the South China Sea.
Water resources and climate
To answer the question of where Vietnam is located along the equator, it is enough to draw an imaginary line from the very big city countries, which is Ho Chi Minh City, named after the first president of an independent state. The distance between the eight millionth Ho Chi Minh City and the equator by air is about one thousand two hundred kilometers.
Since the country lies at a considerable distance from the equator, this gives the climate a seasonality with pronounced fluctuations in precipitation. In the south of Vietnam, the dry season lasts from mid-December to April, and the rainy season from May to November.
Great river of Asia
The river known throughout the world as the Mekong is called Kyulong in Vietnamese, which translates as "River of Nine Dragons". The length of the river reaches four and a half thousand kilometers, during which it flows through the territory of six states and serves as the border between Burma, Laos and Thailand.
The Mekong originates from the Tibetan Plateau, controlled by China. On the territory of Tibet, the river is called Dza-chu, and after entering the Chinese lands it receives the name Lancangjiang.
Flowing through the territory of six states, the river carries food to the lands of local peasants, however, it is characterized by instability and significant differences in the volume of flow from season to season. If in its upper course the river is filled by melting snows, then in the region where Vietnam is located, it depends on the rains.
Capital of Vietnam. Where is?
In whatever country the capital is located, it is always a place of attraction for business and the population. Today the capital of Vietnam is the city of Hanoi, the name of which translates as "City between rivers".
Hanoi is the second largest city in the country after Ho Chi Minh City, however, the cities differ not so much from this as their geographic location. Hanoi is one of the twenty largest cities in the world in terms of area and occupies the seventeenth line in this ranking. At the same time, it is one of the ten most popular cities in Asia for tourists. Travelers are attracted by the city's long history, architecture, craft districts and good climate.
The tower of the Hanoi Citadel, built in the fifteenth century, is considered an unofficial symbol of the city, which often falls into the lens of cameras. The citadel was rebuilt and destroyed several times during numerous military conflicts, the most destructive of which was the civil war, which lasted eighteen years and claimed the lives of two million local residents.
Conflict of interests
In the twentieth century, Southeast Asia became an arena of struggle between the two systems represented by the United States and the USSR, and by the end of the sixties, conflict erupted in the region where Vietnam is located. On whatever continent there was a conflict between the two superpowers, thousands of local residents became its victims.
As a result of a prolonged conflict, which left an indelible mark on the history of all participating states, the communist leaders, supported by the Soviet Union and occupying the northern part of the country, won.
After the American troops were withdrawn and Ho Chi Minh took control of the entire country, the capital of South Vietnam was named after the first president of the new communist republic.
The communist economic system established as a result of the war already collapsed in the early eighties of the twentieth century. The authorities began to carry out market reforms, attracting investments from other states. The country slowly began to open up to the world, but to this day the influence of the communist past on people's lives is great, and the symbol of this past is the tomb of Ho Chi Minh, a mausoleum built in the capital of the country, Hanoi.
Modern economics
Despite all the efforts of the country's leadership, Vietnam is still largely an agricultural country supplying products with a low market value abroad. However, the Vietnamese Communist Party has no plans to give up and says it plans to make life in the village more comfortable and at the same time raise agricultural productivity.
It is planned to provide electricity in rural areas, build roads and increase the share of mechanisms in the production of agricultural products. At the same time, residents will be trained to work on new machines.
As for industrial production, we can say that in any part of the country where the city is located, Vietnam is turning into not the most environmentally friendly place.
In the XXl century, many industries appeared in Vietnam that did not meet modern environmental safety standards. More and more factories and factories are opening in the country due to the cheapness of labor, which even China can no longer boast of. Workers live in appalling conditions, workplace safety regulations are not followed, and wages are barely enough to cover the minimum costs.
Ecological problems
The region where Vietnam is located, for the most part, has a mountainous or hilly terrain of medium height, but in the Mekong Delta, the land level is significantly lower. This seaside sinking poses a risk of flooding if sea levels rise due to global climate change.
Vietnamese scientists believe that by 2100 the sea level could rise by one meter, and this will lead to almost complete flooding of provinces located in the vast river delta.
Rapid urbanization, which began in the 2000s, may become another threat to the country's ecology. The growth of settlements and the increase in the number of cars create unfavorable conditions for the health of the urban population.
Vietnam is an attractive country in terms of tourism. There is also a coastline, with resorts that allow you to enjoy warm sea waves and good weather almost throughout the year, and many attractions that allow you to make an exciting excursion program.
Where is it located and what sea is washed by?
Territorially Vietnam refers to Southeast Asia and is located on the Indochina Peninsula. In the West, the country borders on Cambodia and Laos, in the North with China.
The Vietnamese coast stretches along the eastern and southern parts of the country and is washed by the South China Sea, the Thai and Tonkin gulfs.
The best tourist destinations - photo and description
Main part resorts of the country are located in the southern part. North Vietnam is characterized by weather conditions that are not always conducive to a resort vacation, in the south there are periods of rainy, but in general there much warmer throughout the year and practically no winter is observed.
Phan Thiet and MUI ne
These resorts are located in the south of the country and specialize in beach vacation ... At the same time, in Mui Ne, Russian-speaking tourists, as a rule, feel more comfortable, since the Russian diaspora has settled there, many representatives of the Russian-speaking population have their own business, there are many signs in Russian on the streets.
Nha Trang
This resort is one of the most popular and at the same time, like Mui Ne, is filled with a significant amount of Russian-language service. Many Russians here have their own restaurants, excursion bureaus and other firms that work in the field of tourism and recreation.
Nha Trang offers opportunities for a wide variety of recreation. Wellness service is developed here, but there is also a lot of entertainment, including the famous Vietnamese diving.
Dalat
Is an alpine resort , which is located in the central part of Vietnam. Both Vietnamese and foreigners rest here. Moreover, the resort has a certain claim to elitism:
- many golf courses;
- cozy parks and forests;
- boat trips.
Dalat has magnificent nature, many waterfalls and coniferous forests. Excellent conditions for a measured rest.
Phu Quoc and other islands
Phu Quoc- a magnificent resort island, where a large safari park was recently created. In addition, there is a lot of entertainment and a great beach holiday.
Con Dao Island- relatively new tourist destination but noteworthy. There is great ecotourism. In addition to the magnificent beaches, Con Dao offers:
- reserve;
- fishing;
- watching exotic animals.
If you happen to be near Halong Bay, then you can pamper yourself with visits to the islands Catba and Tuan Chau... They offer wellness and entertainment combined with a beach holiday.
Mountain resorts
These resorts should be noted due to the presence of mineral springs there.
There are many useful sources in Vietnam mineral water but there are relatively few resorts nearby.
Of course, the weather there is not ideal for rest for a whole year, but here are the conditions for have a good rest are quite optimal.
Not far from Hanoi is located Ba wee- a resort with a national park. There you can enjoy:
- mud baths;
- bathing in hot water;
- wellness sessions of traditional medicine.
Not far from Ho Chi Minh City is the city of Vung Tau, which includes Binh Chau resort... The resort is actively developing, offering hot mineral springs and quality service.
Planning a budget: how much money to take to Vietnam for 7, 10, 14 days? Find the answer here.
Beaches and coast
Beaches in the south countries are suitable for resort holidays for almost a whole year. In the fall, the rainy season begins there, but warm days are still observed.
Most resorts have access to the sea with a water temperature of at least twenty degrees, that is, you can always swim.
North less favorable in terms of winter weather. It really gets cold there (by Vietnamese standards) and swimming in winter is not possible.
Landmarks of the country
Authentic Vietnam is not only spa vacation but also an abundance of attractions.
There are many territories in this country where the buildings of ancient civilizations and many natural beauties remain.
Besides It should be noted the remains of the colonial era, many houses in Vietnam are from the era when the French ruled the country.
For people from northern countries, the attractiveness is exotic entertainment:
There is absolutely original options for excursions such as visiting guerrilla tunnels left over from the Vietnam War. Halong Bay is considered one of the most beautiful spaces on the planet.
Hanoi abounds architectural structures of different times: from the era of the development of Buddhism, to the grandiose buildings of the times of communism. Da Nang attracts Marble mountains and pagodas. The famous statue of the Reclining Buddha tourists can observe in Phan Thiet.
In general, a lot of attractions are concentrated in the relatively small territory of Vietnam.
Regardless of which part of the country you go to, you can make an interesting cultural program for yourself.
Interesting things, souvenirs and gifts that can be brought from Vietnam are in this article.
International airports
Now the territory of the country includes nine international airports but only up to four are valid regular flights From Russia. The largest is Tan Son Nhat, which is located in Ho Chi Minh City. Not far from the capital(45 kilometers from Hanoi) is the Noi Bai airport, which attracts tourists with architecture in the style of a classic Vietnamese pagoda.
If you need to fly to Dalang, then there is its own airport three kilometers from the city. In the Khanh Hoa province, Kam Ranh is used, which is located in Nha Trang.
Tourists who are interested in a spa vacation, most often use Tan Son Nhat Airport, which is the closest to popular resorts... In the future, this airport will be used for domestic flights, and the Long Thanh Airport will serve "holidaymakers".
How easy and comfortable is it to cover a distance of more than 10,000 km? All the secrets of flying to Vietnam are here.
