Photo of the 1890s.
"On Moskvoretskaya Street there was" Yamskaya Prikaz "- this is a very old building located in the middle of Moskvoretskaya Street on the right side of it, if you go from St. Basil's Cathedral to the Moskvoretsky Bridge. two, three together In one room there were several handicraftsmen.
When a buyer appeared in Yamskaya Prikaz, sellers pounced on him from all sides and pulled everyone to him, praising his goods.
When an official came from the craft or city council to check the trade certificates, he could not find the owners.
In general, when checking the trade certificates, curious scenes occurred in all artisans. As soon as an official appeared in any house inhabited by artisans for
when checking the number of hired workers with one or another owner, anxiety began throughout the house: the owners, in order to reduce the number of workers, began to hide them in every possible way - the tailors climbed under the rollers, the shoemakers ran out into the hallway and hid in closets, climbed into attics, on roofs ... . When the official left, everything calmed down, and the craftsmen started to work ... (as it is similar to checking some market by the migration service these days - d1)
Shoes in "Yamskiy Prikaz" were produced the cheapest; judging by the prices, its quality was low. It used to be like this: a buyer buys boots, puts them on, goes home and, before reaching home, his soles fell off ...
Yet this cheap product found many buyers in Moscow. As now many factories supply their workers with overalls, so before many owners kept workers with the condition to give them shoes, and they bought these shoes in the Yamskiy Prikaz, since it was impossible to get it cheaper anywhere. "(I. Belousov. Left Moscow) ...
Photo of the 1900s. Moskvoretskaya street. View from the Moskva River towards Red Square. The street is closed by Srednye trade rows (the outer part of the rows has been preserved).
"Along Moskvoretskaya Street there are shops selling spices; there is always a pungent smell. They sell wax and church candles, as well as soap and the famous Murom tallow candles at that time. They were so strong that merchants in the cold winter knocked them against one another, and they did not crack or break, they gave little nagara and burned brightly.
On the opposite side, they sold ropes, matting, various paper, and at the very corner near the bridge there were live fish shops with cages on the river, from where Moscow was supplied with arshin live sterlets "(PI Bogatyrev. Moskovskaya antiquity. Kitay-gorod).
Photo of the 1900s. Moskvoretskaya street. The same image as the previous one, but with a different processing.
The church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker Moskvoretsky is visible on the left side of the photo.
The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker Moskvoretsky was built in 1829-32. on the foundations of the old temple. The main throne is the Annunciation. Separately standing bell tower - 1857. Closed in 1929, broken in the 1930s.
Photo of 1882 from Naydenov's albums. Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker Moskvoretsky.
Photo from the beginning of the 20th century. Bell tower of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker Moskvoretsky.
Photo of the 1890s. View from the Kremlin wall to Varvarka. In the foreground is the currently non-existent Maslyanny Lane (it went from Vasilievskaya Square to Moskvoretskaya Street). Left - St. Basil's Cathedral.
Photo of the late 1890s. Vasilievskaya square.
Photo of the 1900s. Vasilievskaya square.
“There was trade in cheap warm goods even near the Kremlin wall - down from the Spassky Gate to the Moscow River there was a row of tents with stockings, mittens, scarves, and hand-knitted sweatshirts. Traders made these goods right there, sitting at their tents knitting. Some traders sold their goods from their hands and walked around hung with stockings, scarves, shawls. " (I. Belousov. Gone Moscow).
Photo of the 1910s. Vasilievskaya square. View from the Spasskaya Tower.
Photo of 1905. Vasilievskaya Square.
Photo of the 1910s. Vasilievskaya square. The inscription on the card is wrong.
Photo of 1911
Photo of 1917 Moskvoretskaya street. From the archive of T. Yarzhombek. View from Red Square towards the Moskva River.
Photo of the late 1910s.
Photo of the late 1920s. Vasilievskaya square. To the right of the shadows from the demolished in the 1930s. quarter.
Photo of the late 1920s - early 1930s. Moskvoretskaya street. View from the old Moskvoretsky bridge.
The building of the Great Manege was built by order of Alexander I for eight months in 1817 on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the victory in the war of 1812. The construction was carried out according to the project of the engineer Augustine Betancourt by a special staff of engineers and architects subordinate to the chief inspector of hydraulic and earthworks in Moscow, Major General Lev Carbonier. The building was then called "ekzerzirgauz" (house for military exercises).
It cannot be said that the construction business went smoothly. The idea, proposed by Bettencourt and implemented by Carbonier, implied a unique technological principle: a unique wooden structure of rafters that blocked a space of 44.86 m without intermediate supports.However, with the onset of heat at the end of July 1818, two Manege trusses cracked. They were fixed, but a year later, in the heat, damage occurred again in the rafters. By the highest order of Alexander I, from September 1823 to May 1824, the farms were rebuilt, and their number increased from 30 to 45. In August 1824, a ceiling was sewn to the roof of the Manege. The miracle of technology during the Empire period is the result of the joint action of many architects. The ideas of A. Betancourt and L. Carbonier were brought to mind by honest and modest professionals, about whom history is almost silent: Colonel R.R. Bausa, engineer-lieutenant A.Ya. Kashperov and others. The chief architect of the Commission for Buildings, the famous Moscow architect Osip Bove, decorated the Manege with stucco and plaster decorations in 1825. Since 1831, concerts and festivities have been regularly held in the Manege. After the revolution, there was a government garage in the Manege, and during the time of Nikita Khrushchev (since 1957), the Central showroom. Interesting fact said the researcher Sergei Petrov, who had studied the construction of the Manezh for many years as head of the Main Directorate for the Protection of USSR Monuments. It turns out that in order to preserve the wooden structures, at the time of Beauvais, the entire attic was covered with makhorka. Half a meter. All kinds of rodents and insects do not like this smell. Despite the fact that the makhorka itself was smoked during the war of 1941-1945, all the structures were as good as new in the seventies of the XX century. But even then there was a thick smell of tobacco in the attic.
It is interesting that the case of the makhorka in the Manezh draws a beautiful train of cultural associations. Associations concern primarily the history of Russian architecture. That's after all - makhorka! Saying this, now almost exotic, word, how can you not recall the symbol of the transformations of modern Moscow - the Central Park of Culture and Leisure named after Maxim Gorky, on the territory of which in 1923 the first All-Union Agricultural Exhibition - All-Union Agricultural Exhibition was located. And its symbol for subsequent generations was the "Makhorka" pavilion built by the young architect Konstantin Melnikov - one of the first examples of avant-garde form-making.
Sergey Khachaturov
Starting a trip to the cities of Russia, not a single person can bypass the capital of a great power - Moscow. Where else can you get real pleasure from visiting monasteries, temples, museums, art exhibitions. But there is a very interesting narrow topic that travel agencies almost never offer - squares ancient city... Their stories are closely related to the events that played a significant role in the life of the capital. How many travelers know about Manezhnaya or Teatralnaya Square, the majestic Red Square, the unique Ivanovskaya and Cathedral Square, Vasilievsky Spusk? The last name, widely known today, back in the 80s of the 20th century, could not sound either in oral speech or in writing.
History of appearance
We can say about Vasilievsky Spusk that it is an inclined passage, which was named so only in 1995. This place became a square after a fire during the Patriotic War of 1812. And the last buildings were demolished only in 1936. This was due to the construction of the Bolshoi
This part of Moscow is unique because of the inclined section, which is limited on one side by the embankment, on the other it is limited by the Red Square. Vasilievsky Spusk is architecturally united with it.
If you go from the Moskva River
The place of descent from the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos, better known as the cathedral to the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Bridge, is difficult to name as a square. And the story is interesting not only about Vasilievsky Spusk, but also about everything that surrounds it. And if you stand with your back to the river, then tourists first of all have a view of the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. In its place, until 1554, a modest church named after the Holy Trinity stood. But after the victory of the Russian people over the Kazan Khanate, Ivan the Terrible ordered to erect a cathedral in a prominent place in memory of this event for all ages. The construction of 9 picturesque churches of different height was entrusted to the masters Postnik and Barma. And in 1561, Vasilievsky Spusk in Moscow was crowned with a unique cathedral of its kind. It is simply surprising that over the centuries of its existence, the temple not only has not lost its grandeur, but also thanks to the churches built to it, has become even more beautiful.
A miracle created by human hands
Speaking of Vasilievsky Spusk, one cannot fail to mention the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Bridge. From the end of the 15th century to the present day, this building has undergone more than just rebuilding. Initially, the ferry was a floating structure and only in 1829 three wooden spans acquired stone foundations. Two authors gave the bridge the usual look for us: the engineer Kirillov and the architect Shchusov. It happened in 1937. The monolithic reinforced concrete structure faced with pink granite blends harmoniously with the center of the capital.
And, of course, the history of the bridge attracts the attention of tourists. At the end of the 20th century, a German pilot dispelled the myth about the inviolability of the borders of the Soviet Union. It was the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky Bridge that became the landing site for the adventurer pilot's plane.
About Vasilievsky Spusk today
If for a long time the area was used only for parking tourist buses, then over the past three decades the situation has changed dramatically. This wonderful place hosts a host of sports, cultural and artistic events. So, since 1996, the start of the international peace marathon has become Vasilievsky Spusk. Moscow opened the doors to Red Square through the unique adjoining square for rock musicians.
A separate line should be said about fashion shows at Vasilievsky Spusk. These are grandiose performances taking place in pavilions on three squares of the capital. Fashion weeks take place in early spring. But no weather conditions can prevent an amazing celebration of style and taste. The pavilions are equipped with all the necessary equipment so that guests and participants can comfortably and enjoy watching and working.
New Year's festivities on Vasilyevsky Spusk will not only remain in memory for a long time, this celebration will be one of the most vivid memories in life. The show starts an hour before midnight. Trained animals, magicians, clowns, acrobats entertain Muscovites and guests of the capital. A fantastic beauty of fireworks accompanied by the chimes completes the holiday.
A little about the sad
Vasilievsky Spusk evokes not only positive emotions among his contemporaries. Strikes of miners, meetings of various political parties are still fresh in the memory. But since 2012, by decree of Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev, a mass gathering of people can be organized on Vasilyevsky Spusk only with the personal permission of the President of the Russian Federation.
Every trip to Russia must necessarily begin with a visit to Moscow. The history of its streets, lanes and squares is an interesting book that every self-respecting tourist should read.
Vasilievsky Spusk Square is one of the most famous squares in Moscow, located between Red Square and the Kremlin Embankment of the Moskva River.
An innumerable number of solemn, festive and sporting events take place on Vasilievsky Spusk, but even on days when there is no smell of them, the square attracts increased attention Muscovites and tourists, giving its visitors the opportunity to contemplate some of the most recognizable views of Moscow.
It is interesting that for all its fame and certain "postcard" views, Vasilievsky Spusk can claim to be the most underestimated square in the capital: surprisingly, many of those who have heard this name more than once do not really know where exactly Vasilievsky Spusk is located, and it is believed that this place is just a stretch of Red Square. This paradox has a very real justification: the fact is that in 1924 the territory was annexed to Red Square, and the historical name of the town, formerly known as Vasilyevskaya Square, was forgotten until 1995, when the squares were again separated.
Vasilievsky Spusk Square owes its name to the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat - or, as the people used to call it, the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed. The unique Orthodox church, a striking monument of Russian architecture, was built in 1555-1561 and has become one of the most recognizable symbols of Moscow.
The area on which the square is located has a long and interesting story... Historically, in the past, the territory of the modern square did not have any specific name and was not perceived by Muscovites as a separate territorial unit. In the 16th century, there was a mytny yard (something like a medieval customs house), later houses and shops grew on the territory, located right up to the moat that surrounded the Kremlin at that time. The formation of the square took place at the beginning of the 19th century: after the fire of 1812, numerous reconstructions came to the city, one of which affected the local area: the moat was filled up, and the territory was cleared. It was then that the descent actually became a descent, taking shape into a street with an inclined relief about 300 meters long. The buildings built on the territory of the modern square were preserved until 1936, when they were destroyed for the construction of the Bolshoi Moskvoretsky bridge, connecting Vasilyevsky descent with Bolshaya Ordynka street.
It is noteworthy that one of the most famous incidents of the late USSR era is associated with Vasilievsky Spusk: in 1987, a light-engine plane of the German pilot Matthias Rust landed here, crossing the border of the Soviet Union and all the borders of the Moscow air defense system, which caused a big international scandal. There are many versions regarding what happened, but it is generally accepted that the German was not expected, and the plane was not noticed by the Soviet military.
Be that as it may, now jokes and anecdotes about "Sheremetyevo-3" are a thing of the past, and townspeople and tourists come to Vasilievsky Spusk not at all in order to nostalgic about Rust's flight. The square goes along Kremlin wall and boasts an excellent view of St. Basil's Cathedral, walls and towers (including the Spasskaya), the Moscow River; a cozy linden alley runs along the wall. Modern Vasilyevsky Spusk is an important tourist destination, and today it is difficult to overestimate its importance in Moscow culture - even if some Muscovites forget about it.
