Berlin ist die Hauptstadt Deutschlands. Berlin ist eine Stadt und auch ein Bundesland, wie Hamburg oder Bremen. Mit rund 3.5 Millionen Einwohnern ist Berlin die zweitgrößte Stadt der EU.
Die Metropole an der Spree ist über 770 Jahre alt. Nach 1949 war die Stadt in zwei Teile geteilt. Das waren West- und Ostberlin. Die Grenze zwischen zwei Teilen war seit 1961 die Berliner Mauer. Nach dem Fall der Mauer 1989 und nach der Wiedervereinigung 1990 wurde Berlin wieder Hauptstadt des Landes.
Wenn Sie die Stadt kennen lernen wollen, beginnen Sie Ihren Spaziergang am Alexanderplatz oder Alex. Dieser riesige Platz ist ein beliebter Treffpunkt der Berliner. Auf dem Alexanderplatz befinden sich das Hotel Park Inn Berlin, die berühmte Weltzeituhr und einige große Kaufhäuser.
Neben dem Alexanderplatz befindet sich das höchste Gebäude in Berlin, der Fernsehturm. Neben dem Fernsehturm liegen das Rote Rathaus und die Marienkirche. Das Rote Rathaus ist der Sitz des Bürgermeisters.
In der Nähe des Rathauses liegt das alte historische Nikolai-Viertel. Die gemütliche Atmosphäre des Nikolai-Viertels mit vielen Cafés, Restaurants und Souvenirläden zieht viele Touristen an. Das Herz des Viertels ist die Nikolaikirche, die älteste Kirche Berlins.
Auf dem anderen Spreeufer befindet sich die größte Kirche Berlins - der majestätische Berliner Dom.
Ein Stück weiter beginnt Unter den Linden - die berühmte Hauptstraße Berlins. Hier gibt es viele Sehenswürdigkeiten, zum Beispiel die Humboldt Universität, die Alte Bibliothek und die Staatsoper.
Die Straße führt zum Brandenburger Tor. Hier war bis 1989 die Grenze zwischen Ost und West. Heute ist das Brandenburger Tor das Wahrzeichen der Stadt und der Einheit. Rechts vom Brandenburger Tor befindet sich der Reichstag. Die gläserne Kuppel des Reichstages ist eine beliebte Touristenattraktion.
Wenn Sie vom Brandenburger Tor nach links gehen, kommen Sie bald zum Potsdamer Platz. Seit 1962 war der große Platz wegen der Mauer öde und leer. Während der 90er-Jahre war hier eine riesige Baustelle. Heute ist er eine wichtige Sehenswürdigkeit Berlins. Die Touristen bewundern hier die futuristische Architektur der Hochhäuser und das gläserne Zeltdach des Sony Centers.
Wenn Sie vom Potsdamer Platz mit der U2 Richtung Ruhleben fahren, kommen Sie schnell ins Zentrum von Westberlin. Hier, am Wittenbergplatz liegt das prächtige KaDeWe, oder das Kaufhaus des Westens. Es ist das größte und das schönste Kaufhaus in Kontinentaleuropa. Ein Stück weiter befindet sich die Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche. Ihr zerstörter Turm soll an den Krieg erinnern. An der Gedächtniskirche beginnt der Kurfürstendamm, oder Ku'Damm, die bekannteste Straße Westberlins, mit vielen Luxushotels, Restaurants, Cafés, Kinos und Kaufhäusern.
Die Tag und Nacht geöffnete Metropole ist heute eine Stadt von Weltrang. In Berlin ist immer viel los. Hier findet jeder etwas für sich.
Wenn Sie sich für Kunst interessieren, gehen Sie zur Museumsinsel. Sie liegt hinter dem Berliner Dom und ist der größte Museumskomplex Europas mit 17 Museen. Wenn Sie Ruhe und Natur mögen, gehen Sie in den Tiergarten, den größten und den schönsten Stadtpark Berlins, spazieren. Wenn Sie sich für Technik interessieren, besuchen Sie unbedingt das spannende Deutsche Technikmuseum. Und wenn Sie ein Tierfreund sind, liegt Ihr Weg in den Berliner Zoo. Viel Spaß!
Transfer
Berlin is the capital of Germany. Berlin is a city and federal state, like Hamburg or Bremen. With a population of around 3.5 million, Berlin is the second largest city in the EU.
The metropolis on the Spree is over 770 years old. After 1949 the city was divided into two parts. These were West and East Berlin. The border between the two parts has been the Berlin Wall since 1961. After the fall Berlin Wall in 1989 and after reunification in 1990, Berlin again became the capital of the country.
If you want to get to know the city, start your walk at Alexanderplatz or at Alex. This huge square is a popular meeting place for Berliners. On Alexanderplatz there is the Park Inn Berlin, the famous World Clock and several large department stores.
Next to Alexanderplatz is the tallest building in Berlin, the TV tower. Next to the TV tower are the Red City Hall and the Church of St. Mary. The Red City Hall is the mayor's residence.
Near the town hall is the old historic quarter of Nikolayviertel. The cozy atmosphere of Nikolayviertel with many cafes, restaurants and souvenir shops attracts many tourists. The heart of the quarter is the St. Nicholas Church, the oldest church in Berlin.
On the other side of the Spree River is the largest church in Berlin - the majestic Berlin Cathedral.
A little further begins Unter den Linden - the famous main street of Berlin. There are many attractions here such as the Humboldt University, the Old Library and the State Opera House.
The street leads to the Brandenburg Gate. Here until 1989 there was a border between East and West. Today the Brandenburg Gate is a symbol of the city and unity. To the right of the Brandenburg Gate is the Reichstag. The glass dome of the Reichstag is a popular tourist attraction.
If you walk left from the Brandenburg Gate, you will soon reach Potsdamer Platz. Since 1962, this huge square has been abandoned and empty because of the wall. During the 90s, the square was a huge construction site. Today it is an important landmark in Berlin. Tourists admire the futuristic architecture of the skyscrapers and the glass roof of the Sony Center Pavilion.
From Potsdamer Platz on the underground (line U2 towards Ruhleben), you will quickly reach the center of West Berlin. Here on Wittenbergplatz is the magnificent KaDeWe, or Department Store of the West. It is the largest and most beautiful department store in continental Europe. A little further is the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church. Its ruined tower should remind of war. The Kurfürstendamm or Kudamm, the most famous street in West Berlin, begins at the memorial church, with a large number of luxury hotels, restaurants, cafes, cinemas and department stores.
Open day and night, the metropolis is today a world-class city. Berlin is always full of life. Everyone can find something for themselves here.
If you're interested in art, head to Museum Island. It sits behind Berlin Cathedral and is the largest museum complex in Europe with 17 museums. If you love peace and nature, go for a walk in the Tiergarten, the largest and most beautiful park in Berlin. If you're interested in technology, don't forget to visit the exciting German Technical Museum. And if you are an animal lover, then your path lies in Berlin Zoo. We wish you a good time!
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The main attractions of Berlin
1. Brandenburg Gate
One of the first places of interest in Berlin that comes to mind when thinking about the capital of Germany isBrandenburg Gate.Throughout German history, the Brandenburg Gate has played different roles,they reflect the country's turbulent past and achievements like no other landmark in Germany. The gate served as the main entrance to Berlin, and it is also a symbol of the division of the city into two parts, into the Western and Eastern occupation zones for many years. The Brandenburg Gate was built in 1791 from sandstone.
2. Reichstag
With the proclamation of the German Empire in the Hall of Mirrors inVersailles in 1871, Berlin became the capital of the empire and needed a more prestigious building for the German government.The foundation stone of the new Reichstag, a huge neo-Renaissance palace, was laid by the emperor himself in 1884. The construction was completed ten years later.After being destroyed by fire in 1933, it was rebuilt in 1970, but with the decision to return the government to Berlin from Bonn after German reunification, the Reichstag underwent a complete renovation in the late 1990s.
3. Holocaust Memorial
Next to the Brandenburg Gate is the Holocaust Memorial, a tribute to the Jewish people for the extermination of Jews by the Nazis during World War II. 2711 slabs are arranged in waves on 20,000 square meters. TOeach stone is unique.
The memorial houses an underground information center that provides information and personal stories of people affected by the Nazis.The memorial was designed by Daniel Libeskind and leaves a lasting impression on visitors.
4. Berlin Wall (East Side Gallery)
A section of the original Berlin Wall is highlighted as an art object, now it is the largest gallery under open air in the world.East Side Gallery is the longest, best-preserved and most interesting section of the famous Berlin Wall, converted into an open-air gallery. The 1,300-meter gallery running along the Spree River reflects all the important political events that took place in Germany in a special artistic manner. On the wall are works of artists from all over the world. This section of the wall is under state protection as an important historical monument.
The Berlin Wall once divided the city into East and West Berlin.After the fall of the wall in 1989, hundreds of artists from all over the world have come to Berlin to transform the dark and gray wall into a work of art.They covered the eastern side of the wall, which was previously untouchable, with more than 100 images and is now the largest open-air gallery in the world.
Official site: www.eastsidegallery.com
5. Museum Island
Museum Island (Museumsinsel) is a beautiful part of old Berlin.Here you will find the oldest and most important museums in the city, including Old museum (Altes Museum), built in 1830, New Museum(Neues Museum) built in 1855, the National Gallery openin 1876, the Bode Museum opened its doors in 1904, as well as the stunning Pergamon Museum which houses a collection of classical antiquities, the Museum of the Ancient East, the Museum of Islamic Art.
6. Memorial Church
The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church is located in the center of Breitscheidplatz in Berlin. The original church was built between 1891 and 1895 by order of Kaiser Wilhelm II. During the Second World War, the church burned down after a direct bomb hit. Only the western tower of the church has survived. In 1961 a new church was built around the remains old church, consisting of 4 buildings. This one of the most interesting sights of Berlin.
7. Victory Column
The Victory Column was installed in honor of the victory of Prussia over France in 1871. The column is crowned with a golden statue of the goddess Victoria, which the locals affectionately call Goldelse "Golden Elsie". On the column there is an open observation deck, which offers a beautiful panoramic view of the park and Berlin. To visit all sights of Berlin be sure to book a city tour.
8. Park Tiergarten (Grosser Tiergarten)
Previously, the park was the hunting grounds of the Prussian kings, but in the 18th century the hunting grounds were transformed into a large park in the city center. Today, it is the green heart of Berlin, which borders the Reichstag and Brandenburg Gate on the east side, Potsdamer Platz and the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe on the southeast side, Berlin Zoo in the west, and the residence of the President of Germany in Berlin at the northern edge of the park.
9. Unter den Linden
This beautiful boulevard with linden trees planted along it is considered the main boulevard of Berlin. It is located in the historic center of Berlin, and stretches from the island of museums to the Brandenburg Gate. Various historical buildings and monuments are located along the entire boulevard, such as Humboldt University, State Opera, Russian State Library, German Museum of History.
10. Zoological Garden (Berlin Zoological Gardens)
Berlin's Zoological Garden is the oldest institution of its kind in Germany and remains one of Berlin's most popular attractions, with over three million visitors annually.Founded in 1844 and completely rebuilt after World War II, this is a very modern zoo, oceanarium and zoological garden adapted to display animals in their natural environment.
Charlottenburg Palace)
Charlottenburg Castle is the largest and oldest palace in Berlin, an 18th-century Baroque building that was originally built as a summer home for Sophie Charlotte, wife of Elector Frederick III, who became the first Prussian king. Magnificent interiors Charlottenburg castleadorned with masterpieces of art, including the largest collection of 18th century French painting outside of France.
Official website: www.spsg.de
12. Pool Badeshift
The unique outdoor pool Badeshift is a pure Berlin invention. It is built from an old barge skeleton and floats on the Spree by itself. All visitors, in addition to swimming, are invited to enjoy the beautiful view that opens from here to the central streets east coast... The pool has a sandy beach and a wooden platform that will attract sun lovers on a fine day. At the same time, you will not be bored: there is a bar nearby. Summer is the perfect time to visit the pool, which is open until late at night. In winter, it is covered with a special canopy, it is kept warm inside and a sauna works.
13. Berlin Cathedral (Berliner Dom)
Berlin Cathedral was built between 1895 and 1905 and is a magnificent basilica that belongs to a Protestant church. It is the largest church in the city and one of the most beautiful. Inside the crypt are over 80 sarcophagi of the Prussian royal family. Tourists can climb the dome, which is decorated with intricate mosaics. A sightseeing tour of Berlin includes a tour of the Berlin Cathedral.
Official website: www.berlinerdom.de
14. Pergamon Museum
A visit to the Pergamon Museum is always at the top of the list of places to visit when arriving in Berlin. If you do not have time to visit several museums, then choose this one. The Pergamon Museum is a repository of works of classical Babylonian, Greek, Roman, Islamic styles and art of the Middle East.
The huge Pergamon Museum consists of three main departments, Antiquity, the Museum of Islamic Art and the Museum of the Middle East, most of the museum consists of artifacts transported from excavations in foreign countries. The main attractions of the museum are the Pergamon altar of the second century BC, the gateway to the market of Miletus from Roman antiquity and, of course, the pearl of the collection - the Frieze of Mshatta.
This museum is consistently ranked by tourists as one of the top attractions in Berlin. Please note that in Berlin it is difficult to do without a guide and it is better to book a tour.
Official site: www.smb.spk-berlin.de
The capital of Germany, fascinates with an extraordinary variety of attractions, rich cultural heritage and liveliness, and at the same time a calm life.
This is the contrast between historic buildings and modern architecture, between tradition and modernity that distinguish this city. The history of an entire nation is told by Berlin monuments, from to the office of the German Chancellor. The German capital is also home to all important government headquarters, including the historic Reichstag as the seat of parliament.
Countless shopping opportunities open up on the famous Kurfürstendamm Avenue, the elegant Friedrichstrasse and the original boutiques in the courtyards of the Hackeschen Hfe.
Berlin and its main attractions
Today Berlin is a huge metropolis famous for its diversity, tolerance and openness. People of different nationalities, cultures, religions live here. Every day, Berlin is visited by thousands of tourists who do not remain indifferent to seeing.
A large number of Berlin sights, photos with the names of which you can see in any city guidebook, attract and fascinate. The city is famous for its history and a myriad of architectural monuments, museums and other interesting places that tell about the culture, traditions, stages of development of the German capital.
Museums in Berlin
Those who love excursions to museums should definitely visit Museum Island. This is one of the main ones. You will see photos with the names of the designated museums on the map in any guidebook, which can be purchased in advance.
So, if you are lucky enough to visit the island of five museums, then find the opportunity and time to visit each of them. Pergamon, New and Old Museums, National Gallery, Bode Museum - this is a complete list of those places where unique collections of the rarest exhibits are exhibited.
Charlottenburg is the most beautiful and largest palace in Berlin. It was built at the end of the 17th century, and for a long time it was used as the main residence of the royal family. The baroque castle was presented to his beloved wife by Frederick III.
In ancient times, Berlin's only city gates that survived intact divided the city into western and eastern parts. After the destruction of the wall, they became a symbol of German unity. Today, this sandstone structure is considered one of the most impressive examples of German classicism.
The entrance gate, built in 1788–1791 according to the plans of Karl Gotthard Langhans, was modeled after the Athenian acropolis. On both sides there are six Doric columns dividing the gate into 5 passages, connected by a culvert 11 meters deep. In 1793 the gate was designed by Johann Gottfried Shadow as a quadriga leading east towards the city center.
In October 2002, the Berlin Senate decided to close the road gates for cars, buses and taxis.
Reichstag
The place where important events of German history took place and continue to occur is located near the Brandenburg Gate of the Reichstag - the headquarters of the German Bundestag. After laborious restoration work, the building was equipped with a glass dome and has since become a must-see for those who come to Berlin.
In early June 1884, Emperor Wilhelm I struck the cornerstone three times, and sources claim the hammer broke. The Emperor did not like the Reichstag. He reluctantly accepted the project of the architect Paul Wallo and did not even agree with the heavy stone dome that he had designed. It would be taller than a city castle.
In 1894, after ten years of construction, the Reichstag was ready, and the dome still rose above the city castle. The emperor, Wilhelm's grandson, Wilhelm II, was outraged by this "peak of bad taste." What could he do? It's simple: he discredited the architect, giving the Reichstag the name "Reichs", and did not allow the inclusion of the inscription "Dem Deutschen Volke" (Germanic nation). The inscription appeared only in 1916.
Nevertheless, the parliament building still stands today, and its history reflects the turbulent events of Germany's past. In early November 1918, Philip Scheidemann's deputy proclaimed a Republic here. At the end of February 1933, a fire broke out in the building. In unexplained circumstances, the plenary hall and dome were on fire. This fire served as a pretext for the National Socialists to persecute political opponents.
Destroyed during the Second World War, the German Reichstag was rebuilt in 1961-1971 according to the plans of the architect Paul Baumgarten in a simplified form, without the dome blown up in 1945. After the unification of Germany, the Bundestag decided to rebuild the building as the seat of parliament. Building on the site's expansive historic outlines, the architect Sir Norman Foster rebuilt and expanded the Reichstag to create the modern German parliament building. Initially highly controversial, the transitional glass dome has become a symbol of the city.
Since 1999, the Reichstag is again the headquarters of the German Bundestag.
Alexanderplatz
In 1805, King Friedrich Wilhelm III here proclaimed the union of Prussia and Russia and gave the square the name of our Emperor Alexander I. Modern Berliners always call this place with a short word "Alex". It is there that the TV tower, immortalized on many postcards, is located. The nearest station is Alexanderplatz.
Television tower (Fernsehturm)
The tower was built in 1965-1969. It is the tallest building in Germany and the second largest in the European Union (half a meter taller than a radio and television tower in Riga, Latvia). Due to its location near Alexanderplatz, it is sometimes referred to as Alex Tower.
There is an observation deck inside the ball, which is 203.8 meters above the ground. Above the terrace (at a height of 207.5 meters) there is a restaurant with a rotating ring where tables are placed. The ring rotates around its axis in half an hour.
About a million people visit the tower every year.
German Historical Museum (DHM, Deutsches Historisches Museum)
The museum was founded in 1987 by Chancellor Helmut Kohl and Berlin-era Eberhard Diepen on the occasion of the 750th anniversary of the founding of Berlin. It is located in the Zeughaus, the oldest building on the Unter den Linden Avenue in central Berlin.
Designed by Yuming Bei, the History Museum's expansion ended in 2004. In 2006, the Zeughaus, built in 1695, was rebuilt. The renovated museum has opened an exhibition "The history of Germany in painting over two millennia."
The "History of Germany in Pictures and Documents" includes 8000 exhibits, and this is only a small part of the total resources of the museum, which is the heir to the collections of the Armory, the Museum of the Prussian Army and the Museum of German History. The exhibition is spread over two levels and is divided into nine historical periods. Due to the rich collections, three or four temporary exhibitions are organized on a regular basis.
The town hall is located in the Mitte district and was built during 1861-1869. This is the seat of the Mayor of Berlin and the Berlin State Government.
The name of the building comes from the color of the facade and the red brick from which it was built. The author of the architectural and executive project was Hermann Friedrich Wesemann. The architecture of the town hall tower is reminiscent of the tower of Notre Dame Cathedral in Lana, France.
Most of the time it was the seat of local authorities and served as a town hall. During the Cold War and after the completion of the renovation of the building in the 1950s, the building was the seat of the East Berlin municipal authorities to its original state. After the reunification of Germany and the unification of the city administration, the tower officially became the seat of the authorities throughout Berlin.
Berggrun Museum
The Berggrün Museum brings together the private collections of one of Europe's greatest art collectors, Heinz Berggrün. You can admire the works of painting and sculptural art created by eminent artists, representatives of classical modernism. In the resources of this solid collection, you can find the artistic achievements of Pablo Picasso, Braque, Alberto Giacometti, Paul Klee, Lawrence and Henri Matisse. The museum is located in the so-called "West Stühler House", opposite the Charlottenburg Palace.
Lookout tower was built according to plans by Franz Schwechten between 1897 and 1898 on the occasion of the centenary of the birth of the Prussian king and German emperor Wilhelm I of the Hohenzollerns. She was given the name Kaiser-Wilhelm-Thurm (Kaiser Wilhelm Tower). After the events of the First World War, it was renamed Grunewaldturm, which is associated with the surrounding forest - Grunewald.
The tower is made of red brick and has a height of 56 meters. It is located on the 79-meter Karlsberg hill in the southwest of Berlin, near the Großer Wannsee lake. There is a circular room with a marble statue of William and the Hohenzollerns. There are 204 steps leading to the observation deck, which offer a view of the Havel and Grunewald Forest. The building also has a restaurant and beer garden.
Berlin Zoo
One of the largest zoos in Germany. It is located in Berlin's Tiergarten district, close to the S-Bahn station and the Zoologischer Garten train station in the city center.
The zoo was opened in August 1844 and became the first zoological garden in Germany. The first species of animals were donated by the King of Prussia Frederick William IV of Hohenzollern from the menagerie and bird house of the Tiergarten. During the battles of WWII (World War II), the garden territories were completely destroyed. Only 91 animals survived.
Currently, there are almost 14 thousand animals from 1500 different species in the premises of the zoo. Everything is located on 35 hectares in historic cages. All animals are kept in pens, in which conditions are created that correspond to natural conditions.
The Berlin Zoo is an important establishment of this type in Europe. It is visited annually by about 2.6 million people from all over the world. It is open all year round and enjoys a prime location with easy access to Berlin by public transport... Visitors can enter the zoo, exotically decorated with the Elephant Gate, located next to the Aquarium on Budapest Street, or through the Lion Gate at Hardenbergplatz.
This is the largest Protestant church in Europe. It was built between 1894 and 1905 according to the plans of the architect Julius Karl Rashdorf from Pszczyna. In 1944, the Berliner Dom was damaged by allied raids, and reconstruction began only in 1975. The temple has 1,500 seats and is one of the largest in Berlin. It is here that ecumenical services are most often held on the occasion of national holidays or at important moments for the country.
The modern Berlin Cathedral is not only a charitable institution, but also the burial vault of the German royal family of the Hohenzollerns. The nearest underground stations are Alexanderplatz and Spittelmarkt.
Museum Island
The Berlin Island Museum is the northern end of the island on the Spree River and at the same time a fascinating synthesis of art with five internationally renowned museums creating a unique architectural ensemble.
In 1999, Museum Island was recognized as a unique complex in the world in terms of architecture and culture, thanks to which it became part of the UNESCO heritage. In the south of the island, near the Castle Bridge and Berlin Cathedral, there is the Old Museum. In front of him stretches the Lustgarten park. From the north, the New Museum and the grandiose Old National Gallery are connected with it. From the Kupfergraben moat stands the Pergamon Museum. Bode completes the complex.
The three wings of the Alfred Messel Museum are visited by almost a million people a year, which rightfully gives it the status of the most popular place of this type in Berlin. Inside there are three museums: the Collection of Ancient Art with rooms dedicated to architecture and sculpture, Central Asia (Vorderasian) and Islamic Art. The Pergamon Museum owes its worldwide fame to impressive renovations architectural ensemblesobtained during excavations.
In 2006, after six years of renovation, Bode was reopened (capital renovation cost € 152 million). The museum includes, inter alia, a collection of paintings (including Donatello, Verrocchio, Bernini), ivory sculptures from the 17th and 18th centuries, a collection of Byzantine art and a numismatic department containing coin collections from the 7th century BC to XX century. In summer, the opposite bank is a popular meeting place for young people.
New museum
In 1841, Friedrich August Stühler began construction of the New Museum. He used steam power and an industrially prepared support structure - it was a sensation from the point of view of construction technology. During the war, the structure was destroyed and remained in ruins until 1999. It was then that the reconstruction began, which lasted 10 years. After reopening in 2009, it houses the Egyptian Museum as well as the Museum of Prehistory and Ancient History. The most magnificent specimen is Nefertiti.
Old National Gallery
The building of the Old National Gallery with its monumental staircase rises above the island, as ancient temple... For the project architect, Friedrich August Stühler, the Acropolis in Athens was the model. The newly opened structure, rebuilt for 74 million euros, has been lighting Museum Island since 2001. The gallery was founded in 1867-1876 and presented a collection of works of classicism, romanticism, Biedermeier, impressionism and early modernism.
Old museum
The classicist building with a rotunda, a dome and a portal with columns, designed by the architect, master of his craft Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1830 was the first public museum in Prussia. After military damage and reconstruction in the 1960s, the structure was intended for another reconstruction, which had been planned since 2012. It included renovation of the glazed roof, courtyards and exterior staircases. The renewal period is at least four years. Estimated cost - 128 million euros.
On the ground floor, there are mainly collections of Greek, Etruscan and Roman sculptures, while on the first floor there are collections of ancient Egyptian art (the most famous are the exhibits from Tell el-Amarna, the capital of Pharaoh Akhenaten).
This is the symbol of Berlin. The most beautiful and largest surviving residence of the Hohenzollerns in the capital was erected as the summer residence of the first Queen of Prussia, Sophia Charlotte, whose name was given to the palace and its surroundings.
The next generations developed and modified the shape of the palace in accordance with the style prevailing at that time. This is why Charlottenburg Palace offers interiors from many eras: an old palace with elegant, full of splendor, Baroque rooms and a famous porcelain wardrobe, as well as a new wing that Frederick the Great ordered to be built in 1742. The famous palace garden houses the mausoleum of Queen Louise, a belvedere with a collection of the royal porcelain workshop and a new pavilion.
Alley under the linden trees (Unter den Linden)
This magnificent Berlin boulevard is Berlin's old central point, connecting the Brandenburg Gate to the Castle Bridge (Schlossbrcke). Numerous important objects along this boulevard, for example, the Humboldt-Universitt or the Staatsoper and notable monuments such as the Neue Wache or the Old Arsenal (Zeughaus).
After the WWII finals, the alley was one big stone - with the exception of Berlin's City Castle. In 1950, the then General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party of Socialist Unity of Germany Walter Ulbricht decided to blow up and level the castle with the ground as a symbol of Prussian absolutism. Other still existing structures were gradually rebuilt. Correct construction work, however, did not begin until 1958. At that time, buildings typical of the 60s were created with the same facades. The Palace of the Republic was erected on the site of the City Palace, which after the reunification of Germany was closed and demolished due to the asbestos used for its construction.
After the long-awaited crushing of the Berlin Wall, many new buildings have been rebuilt and rebuilt. Thus, the Lustgarten garden, previously used as a square parade, again took the form of a real garden, in accordance with the plans of Peter Joseph Lenne.
Glienicke hunting lodge (Jagdschloss Glienicke)
Glienicke hunting lodge is located in Berlin, in the Wannsee district. The palace was built in 1682 by order of the Brandenburg Elector and the Prussian prince Friedrich Wilhelm I. Since 1939, the palace belonged to Berlin. After WWII, the hunting lodge served as a center for orphans, a youth hostel, the residence of a cadet school and was a refuge for Berliners displaced from Neubabelsberg. The Berlin Palace was often rebuilt, the final character of the neo-Renaissance was obtained in 1889, and it looks like this to this day. In 1990, Jagdschloss Glienicke was incorporated into the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
Jewish Museum (Jdisches Museum Berlin)
The building of the museum was designed by Daniel Libeskind following the example of the Star of David. Opened in 2001, the museum is a kind of monument to the life of the Jewish nation in Germany from the Middle Ages to the present day. The modern silvery shimmering architecture of the museum building represents Jewish culture and German-Jewish history. Museum resources motivate visitors and make them think.
KaDeWe
Even if you have no money at all, this store is worth seeing. KaDeWe is the same trade symbol of Germany as GUM in Moscow. The department store was founded in 1905 by Adolf Yandorf. You can get to it surface metro... Exit at Wittenbergplatz station.
Triumphal Column (Siegessaule)
The column is located in the Tiergarten park and was built to commemorate the victory of Prussia over Denmark in 1864. A sort of symbol of the power of Germany.
The column with the statue has a height of 67 m. Inside the column there is a staircase leading to an observation deck (at a height of 50 meters), from which you can admire the view of the Tiergarten park and the panorama of Berlin. At the top of the column was a bronze statue of Nika (Victoria), 8.3 meters high and 35 tons, created by Friedrich Drake. Initially, the triumphal column appeared on the Royal Square, but by order of Adolf Hitler it was moved to the Big Star Square. There she is to this day.
Nearest metro station - Hansaplatz
Kurfürstendamm
Berlin's favorite pedestrian street. The boulevard is about 3.5 km long and runs from Breitscheidplatz with the Kaiser Wilhelm Church in Charlottenburg to Rathenauplatz in Grunewald, where the dacha part of the western part of the city begins.
All Germans call this famous pedestrian street Kudamm for short.
There are many shops, bars and restaurants around Breitscheidplatz. Quiet side streets such as Fasanenstrasse, the city's most prestigious shopping street, are full of expensive boutiques and cafes in sophisticated turn-of-the-century buildings.
During the Cold War, the boulevard was a showcase for capitalist society. The nearest metro stations are Alexanderplatz and Kurfrstendamm
Potsdamer Platz
This is one of the largest and busiest squares in the center of Berlin. Almost 70,000 visitors visit it every day. It is now one of the cruise lines and the central point where Berliners shop. It is also Berlin's main entertainment center. In the three cinemas located there, a total of about forty screens displaying films, one large screen displaying the most important cultural and entertainment events, the Film Academy and the Film Museum.
"Topography of Terror"
The building of the Topography of Terror Museum is located next to the site where the Nazi terror headquarters was located in 1933-1945: the Gestapo (and its prison), the SS command, the SS security service and the Reich General Security Office. From here came both the persecution and the destruction of political opposition to National Socialism at home and abroad. The genocide of European Jews and Gypsies was organized here.
The Center's exhibition, opened in 2010, documents the history of this place, located in close proximity to the Nazi district of the government terrorist institution, and the crimes committed by them throughout Europe. The exhibition is complemented by 15 information stations in the area and another exhibition, which can be visited from spring to autumn along the excavated remains of the prison walls on Niederkirchnerstrasse.
Checkpoint Charlie
During the Cold War, one of the most famous border crossings between the GDR and the territory of West Berlin. It was located on Friedrichstrasse, at the intersection with Zimmerstrasse, in the heart of Berlin, and then was divided by the Berlin Wall. The official name of the crossing on the East German side was Zimmerstrae. On the west side, at the intersection, was the Kochstrae metro station.
On the pass, the Western allies (US, French and British soldiers) did not check everyone crossing the border. At their booth, they announced a trip to East Berlin (in their own interests, in the event of detention or disappearance in the GDR) only by the military personnel of the Western Allies. However, close control of all those who crossed the border was carried out on the side of the GDR. According to the decision of the authorities, the passage was intended only for foreigners (that is, not Germans) - both ordinary tourists and diplomatic personnel.
In 1991, the US Army officially left Charlie. Currently, it houses the Berlin Wall Museum and a symbolic border checkpoint - a tourist attraction where you can buy a border control stamp in the occupation zone of your choice.
Oberbaumbrücke bridge
The bridge over the river Spree connects two German districts - Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain. It was built between 1894 and 1896. In 1961-1989, it served as a border point between the East and West sides of Berlin. Thanks to this, the bridge has become an important symbol of the city's unity.
25 Sights of Berlin updated: March 5, 2020 by the author: Amazing-world!
Berlin has many statuses: it is the largest city in Germany and its capital, and the second largest city in Europe, and at the same time - a separate federal state.
You can talk about Berlin endlessly. Here are just brief information about it interesting city: Located in eastern Germany and surrounded by the federal state of Brandenburg, Berlin is a west-east crossroads between Paris and Moscow and north-south between Stockholm and Budapest.
Among other cities in Germany, the word "most" is often found in the description of Berlin: the longest (you can drive in a straight line for about 50 km and still not leave the city limits), the most densely populated (over 3.9 million inhabitants). And, perhaps, Berlin is one of the most popular tourist centers Europe, because there are countless sights here, all of them cannot be bypassed even in a week in the city.
What to see?
The Brandenburg Gate is the main symbol of the city, a symbol of German unity. The gate is considered the greatest and most beautiful creation of German classicism, created in the years 1788-1791... A chariot with four horses, hoisted on the gate in 1793, was taken by Napoleon to Paris in 1806, but after 8 years it was returned to its original place. Today, no tourist leaves Berlin without a photograph of the Brandenburg Gate.
- Address: Pariser Platz 5
Next to the Brandenburg Gate is the Reichstag, the seat of the Bundestag and one of the most visited attractions in Berlin. First of all, tourists are attracted by the glass dome of the building. To visit the dome, preliminary free registration is required on the official website of the Bundestag... The confirmation received by e-mail must be printed and presented at the entrance to the Reichstag along with your passport.
- Opening hours: daily, 8:00 - 00:00. The dome is closed 4 times a year for cleaning, its working schedule must be additionally specified on the Bundestag website
- Entrance fee: free
- Address: Scheidemannstrasse 2
The gallery is the remains of the Berlin Wall, which once divided the Western and East Germany... After the fall of the wall in 1989, artists from all over the world flocked to Berlin to leave their mark on history and to express their joy and newfound hope on the now symbolic wall. Stretching for 1.3 km along the Spree River, the wall with original drawings ranging from abstraction to pressing political topics is the longest open-air gallery.
- Address: Mühlenstrasse 4
Another symbol of Berlin is the Victory Column with a golden sculpture of the winged goddess of victory Victoria... It is worth to climb 285 steps, and you will find yourself on the observation deck of the Columns, from where a breathtaking view of the largest park in the city - Tiergarten, as well as the Bellevue Palace adjacent to it, opens.
- Opening hours: April to October: Mon-Fri 9:30 - 18:30, Sat-Sun 9:30 - 19:00; November to March: Mon-Sun 9:30 am - 5:30 pm
- Entrance fee: € 3 for adults, € 2.5 for children
- Address: Grosser Stern 1
The goal of all tourists is not the TV tower itself, but the view that opens at an altitude of 203 m. In fine weather, you can see the outskirts of Berlin 80 km from the TV tower... On the floor above, there is a cozy restaurant, the platform of which makes a full revolution around its axis in an hour, which allows visitors to enjoy not only a delicious lunch, but also a bird's eye view of the whole of Berlin.
- Opening hours: from March to October - daily, 9:00 am - 0:00 am; from November to February - daily, 10:00 - 0:00
- Entrance fee: from € 15.5 for adults, from € 9.5 for children 4-14 years old, free for children under 4 years old
- Address: Panoramastrasse 1A
This is one of the busiest squares in Berlin, popularly called Alex. It is the central city square and a connecting transport hub for the Berlin-Mitte district.... The square houses a clock with standard time and the Fountain of Friendship of Peoples.
- Address: Alexanderplatz 1
The square is one of the most beautiful squares in Berlin... It is framed by three monumental buildings - the German Cathedral, the French Cathedral and the Concert Hall. The German and French cathedrals, built in 1705, were created to make the area more attractive and, above all, representative. Later, in 1817-1821, it was erected Concert hall for the national theater.
There are many cafes, restaurants, shops and hotels on the square.... Exhibitions, Christmas markets and open-air classical music concerts are held here annually.
- Address: Gendarmenmarkt 5-6
The square was redeveloped after the unification of Germany. An ensemble of skyscrapers and futuristic new buildings forms a special city quarter... Berliners and visitors alike have appreciated the local cafes, cinemas and large shopping arcades of the new Daimler City and do not miss the opportunity to look into this part of the city.
- Address: Potsdamer Platz 1
It's hard to miss this remarkable cathedral in the center of Berlin. The cathedral is made in the style of the Italian Renaissance with the influence of the Baroque and rises above the city at 114 m.
- Opening hours: from April to September - daily, 9:00 - 20:00; from October to March - daily, 9:00 - 19:00
- Entrance fee: € 7 for adults, € 5 for children
- Address: Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 1
In the very center of Berlin, there is Museum Island, which is one of the outstanding museum complexes in Europe and is included in the UNESCO cultural heritage list. There are 5 museums on the island... The old museum (Altes Museum), similar to the Pantheon in Rome, contains collections of antiquity. The New Museum (Neues Museum), erected in the years 1843-1846, houses an Egyptian collection with the famous bust of Nefertiti.
The old National Gallery (Alte Nationalgallerie), built in 1867-1876, became home to paintings and sculptures of the 19th century, for example, works of the French impressionists Manet, Monet, Renoir. The Bode Museum exhibits sacred works from Byzantium and Europe from the Renaissance to the Baroque... The Pergamon Museum, founded in 1907-1930, has collected artifacts from Babylon.
- Opening Hours: Old Museum, Old National Gallery, Bode Museum - Tue-Wed, Fri-Sun 10:00 - 18:00, Thu 10:00 - 20:00
- New Museum, Pergamon Museum - Mon-Wed, Fri-Sun 10:00 - 18:00, Thu 10:00 - 20:00
- Entrance fee: € 18 for adults, free for children under 18
- Address: Bodenstrasse 1-3
It is the main German and one of the largest department stores in the entire European space.... It has received the status of a real paradise for shopaholics, and many even compare it to Harrods in London and Galeries Lafayette in Paris. The department store was founded in 1907. Now he offers customers 7 floors, filled with everything your heart desires. And in the shops and restaurants of the department store you can taste the most delicious delicacies from all lands of Germany and other countries.
- Opening hours: Mon-Thu 10:00 - 20:00, Fri 10:00 - 21:00, Sat 9:30 - 20:00
- Address: Tauentzienstrasse 21-24
Kurfürstendamm boulevard
You haven't seen Berlin if you haven't been to the Kurfürstendamm. The world famous boulevard, called local for short Kudamm, is not only an ideal place to walk, but also culturally and architecturally interesting for visitors to the city. The boulevard, which stretches for 3.5 km, contains interesting interweaving of old and modern architecture.
The Cumberland House deserves special attention: an early 20th century building with a restored façade is now used as a shopping center and a residential building.
- Address: Kurfürstendamm 226
Boulevard Unter den Linden (translated from German - "under the lindens") owes its name to the linden alley, planted here almost 3.5 centuries ago. The street stretches from the Brandenburg Gate to the Palace Bridge for 1.5 km, its width reaches almost 60 m.
If you want to see as many sights of the city as possible in 2 days, then it is worth starting from here: the Embassies of the United States, France and Russia, the Palace of the Crown Princes and the Palace of Princesses, the State Library, the Historical Museum, the New Guardhouse, Madame Tussauds, and the University. Humboldt, Bebel Square and many other memorable places in Berlin.
- Address: Unter den Linden 2-77
Teufelsberg is an artificially created mountain in the suburbs of Berlin. After the Second World War, this area was used to remove the remains of houses from the city. In general, they brought here about 25 million cubic meters. meters of the ruins of defeated Berlin.
Now the territory of the base is abandoned and for security purposes it is fenced off from uninvited guests and curious onlookers. However, regular excursions to the closed base allow visitors to plunge into the atmosphere of those times, as well as admire the original street graffiti under one of the domes on the mountain.
With its greenhouse, palace park and adjacent buildings, Charlottenburg Palace is considered the largest palace complex in Berlin. It has been rebuilt and expanded several times throughout history.... And after the Second World War, the heavily damaged building had to be restored for almost two decades. Now the palace is a museum open to the public.
It is the best preserved Renaissance fortification in Europe and regularly hosts knightly duels and other historical festivals. The oldest parts of the complex date back to the 13th century... In the 1930s, the citadel's casemates were used as a laboratory, where 300 employees worked to develop chemical weapons. Today the citadel serves as a cultural building, and its casemates are a winter haven for 10,000 bats.
- Opening hours: daily, 10:00 - 17:00
- Entrance fee: € 4.5 for adults, € 2.5 for children
- Address: Am Jubilusturm 87
The Red City Hall is the meeting place of the current mayor of Berlin, as well as one of the main symbols of the city. Walk through the halls of the town hall to plunge into the historical past of this great city and get to know its fascinating past life.
- Opening hours: Mon-Fri 9:00 - 18:00
- Entrance fee: free
- Address: Rathausstrasse 15
After a short ferry ride, visitors will have an amazing view of the romantic island of Pfauen. The island was named after the peacocks that live here in absolute freedom and often flaunt in front of the guests of the island. The island has a castle and a park, which are definitely worth a look..
Where to go with children?
Berlin Zoo is the oldest in Germany. More than 18 600 animals live on its territory of 33 hectares... Since the summer of 2017, two pandas from China have settled in the zoo: Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, the only pandas in Germany. For children, the zoo shop sells plush copies of the famous black and white bears, loved by the whole world for their cute appearance and typical bear clumsiness.
- Opening hours: from 1.01 to 26.02 - 9:00 - 16:30, from 27.02 to 26.03 - 9:00 - 18:00, from 27.03 to 24.09 - 9:00 - 18:30, from 25.09 to 29.10 - 9:00 - 18:00, from 30.10 to 31.12 - 9:00 - 16:30, 24.12 - 9:00 - 14:00
- Entrance fee: € 14.5 for adults, € 10 for children 4-15 years old, free for children under 4 years old
- Address: Hardenbergplatz 8
The Botanical Garden in the Steglitz district is one of the largest and richest botanical gardens in the world... Young naturalists and their parents can discover all the beauty of nature in the garden, as well as in 15 pavilions located in geometric order at the eastern border of the park, and in the botanical museum with its 3.5 million collection.
- Opening hours: garden - daily, 9:00 - 20:00; museum - daily, 9:00 am - 7:00 pm
- Entrance fees: to the garden - € 6 for adults, € 3 for children; to the museum - € 2.5 for adults, € 1.5 for children
- Address: Konigin-Luise-Strasse 6
Aquarium Berlin
In a historic building next to the zoological garden is the Aquarium, where fish and reptiles, amphibians and insects live. It is the largest aquarium in Europe and offers a wide variety of species for young and adult visitors. Children will especially love the outdoor pools with Japanese carp.
Berlin is the most populated city modern Germany, which in our time is its capital. The number of people living in the capital is 4 million.
There are several versions of the appearance of the name of this city. One part of the scientists believes that it comes from the word "bar", which means "bear" in German, which explains the image of a bear on the coat of arms. The second half of the scientists put forward a version that it came from "berl", which means "swamp".
Berlin is considered the most comfortable city in terms of climatic conditions. The weather in Berlin is favorable: the summer is not too hot and there is no severe frost in winter. In summer, it often rains in Berlin, and accordingly, the sky over Berlin is more often gloomy than clear.
Places worth visiting in the German capital
- Reichstag. One of the favorite places of many tourists. It has been standing in the central part of the capital for more than 100 years and reminds of the fascist regime, terrible and difficult times for all mankind. The historic architectural structure is one of the main attractions in Germany.
- Berlin Cathedral. It is the largest church in all of Germany, it was built at the end of the 19th century and reconstructed after the end of the Second World War.
- Charlottenburg Palace. The most exquisite architectural structure in Germany. Built during the reign of Frederick I.
- Berlin Wall. More than 150 km long, during the GDR it was the border between western and eastern Berlin.
- Museum Island. There are a large number of museums in Berlin here. Bode Museum, Persian Museum, Old Museum, National Gallery and many others.
- TV tower. Building in the center of Berlin, which is over 350 meters high. One of the four tallest television towers in Europe.
- Berlin Zoo. This is a huge zoo with the largest number of mammalian species in the world. One of the main attractions of Berlin.
- Berlin dungeons. There are a lot of dungeons here. You can see the bunkers of the Great Patriotic War, walk through the tunnels of the Berlin underground and much more.
- Alexanderplatz. One of the most beautiful squares in the city.
- Aquarium. The largest cylindrical aquarium in the world, filled with sea water and a wide variety of ocean creatures.
- One of the largest shopping centers around the world. For shopping lovers - just a piece of paradise.
- Boulevard Unter den Linden. Life here is in full swing around the clock.
- Potsdamer Platz. The busiest place in the city, the heart of the German capital.
- Brandenburg Gate. One of the most famous sights of Berlin, the embodiment of the classicism of a united Germany.
- House of World Cultures. Center for Contemporary Art.
- Museum of Computer Games. The modern museum, which was completed in 2011, will be interesting for fans of computer games.
- Botanical Garden. It occupies a leading place among all countries in Europe in terms of the number of plant varieties.
- Berlin City Hall. A unique architectural structure made in the Renaissance style.
- Tiergarten park. It is one of the largest parks in the world, with an area of \u200b\u200b200 hectares.
- Triumphal column. The symbol of the power of the German nation.
- Duppel village. Open-air museum. It is a small area of \u200b\u200bhouses and other structures that have been restored by archaeologists.
- Technical Museum. Here you can look at the achievements of science. The largest museum in Germany.
- Bellevue Palace. Residence of the German President. The personification of German strictness and accuracy.
- Art Gallery. One of the most famous museums in Europe.
- Historical Museum. Tells about the entire history of the German state from the moment of its foundation to the present day.
- Ancient library. A place to be appreciated by art lovers.
- Berlin Opera. Located in one of the oldest buildings in the city, it is also the largest musical theater in the country.
- Royal Porcelain Factory. Here you can buy the most original memorable gift.
- Tegel Palace. Quiet calm place, without fuss - for lovers of calm, measured rest.
- Museum of gay. The only museum in the world on this subject.
- The Stasi Prison Museum. The sight is not for impressionable and faint-hearted people, ex-prisoners conduct excursions.
- Treptow Park. Memorial complex to the fallen Soviet soldiers in the Great Patriotic War.
Features of an exciting journey
In order to travel on the Moscow - Berlin route, first of all, you need to decide which trip will be more comfortable: by air or by land.
Flights to Berlin from Moscow depart quite often from different airports. It is better to plan your flight in advance, because they book seats in advance, the price of a Moscow Berlin ticket will be much lower than closer to the departure date, in some airlines you can buy a ticket even six months before the planned departure date. Airplanes depart daily from Moscow to Berlin; the average flight time is 2 hours and 50 minutes. If the trip will be made by plane, then you must arrive at the airport in advance, 3 hours before the flight, for registration.
You can also travel by train. Trains Moscow-Berlin depart every day at about 21.00 hours from the Belorussky railway station, on the way it is a day - 24 hours.
Time difference between Russia and Germany
Daylight saving time continues every year in Berlin, as well as throughout Germany. The time difference with Moscow in winter is minus 2 hours, and in summer - minus 1 hour.
Weather in Berlin
The climate here is temperate, but in summer Berlin is warmer than in other regions of Germany, and in winter, on the contrary, colder. Peak tourist season falls in the time period from May to September, although you can visit the city all year round. Berlin has several lakes with equipped bathing areas. The beach season starts in early July and closes in late August.
In spring in Berlin, the humidity is high, it starts to warm from the end of April, but in the evenings the cold makes itself felt. In summer, there are many sunny days, but there may be sharp changes in the weather with strong winds and rains. Autumn in Berlin comes in October, when the nights get cold, rain showers and thick fogs appear. Stable cold can be observed in winter. December is the wettest and wettest month in this city, snow falls in January, heavy snowfalls are very rare here.
When planning a trip to the capital of Germany, be sure to familiarize yourself with the weather in Berlin for 14 days in advance, so as not to get into the period of rains, which can go there for several days in a row, and sometimes for several weeks in a row.
