Address: Russia, Moscow, Izmailovsky (Silver) Island
Major attractions: Bridge Tower, Pokrovsky Cathedral, Front and Back gates of the Tsar's yard, Almshouse
Coordinates: 55 ° 47 "31.8" N 37 ° 45 "39.0" E
An object cultural heritage Russian Federation
The Izmailovo estate owes its name to the first owners - the Izmailov boyars, who laid it back in the XIV century. Then there were impenetrable forests moving by oak and birch forests. In 1573, Nikita Zakharyin-Yuriev, the brother of Tsarina Anastasia, received Izmailovo as a gift. Such a generous offering was made to him by John IV the Terrible himself. Subsequently, the village was inherited by his son, and then by his grandson, and in 1652 the estate returned to the royal treasury.
Izmailovo estate from a bird's eye view
In the 1670s, the construction of a royal residence began on this territory. Her central part became the Tsar's yard, that is, the estate itself. However, to build the royal residence, the bed of the small Serebryanka river had to be divided into 2 branches and blocked. Thus, two large ponds were created. Having captured this zone in a "ring", the builders turned it into an island, and the royal estate took central place... It took 10 years to build a new estate.
A stone bridge led to the royal chambers, laid at the Silver Pond. The reliable bridge structure was 106 m long, over 10 m wide and supported by arches. A multi-tiered Bridge Tower appeared near it in 1674, which can be seen today. In the old days, priests were located on the first floor of the tower, the second was the meeting place for the Boyar Duma and the Senate. The upper tier of the tower became a bell tower for the five-domed Church of the Intercession of Our Lady, which stands nearby.
Bridge tower
The estate was a favorite hunting ground for the Russian Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and his retinue. And for such royal fun, animals were bred here. However, the king was attracted not only by the wealth and vastness of the hunting grounds. In the new estate, he started a semblance of "exemplary farm".
The estate had stocked ponds and beaver pens. Its economic part consisted of oil mills, apiaries, factories where flax and glass were made, wineries, water mills, cattle yards, fields, poultry houses, orchards and a vegetable garden where pharmaceutical herbs were grown. The estate was constantly replenished with new species of plants, unusual for the Moscow climate. Izmailovo greenhouses abounded in melons and gourds and decorative plants of rare beauty.
Intercession Cathedral
It is interesting that the first Russian zoo appeared here. In addition to the swan yard, on the territory of the royal menagerie there were cages with birds brought from exotic countries, as well as aviaries with tigers and leopards. Even an elephant lived in the zoo.
The main attractions of Izmailovo
The Izmailovsky Tsar's Palace was built of wood, and only its lower floor (basement) was made of stone. In its architectural composition, it was similar to the palace building on the Kolomenskoye estate. On the territory there were about two dozen log cabins of different heights, connected by passages.
The front gate of the Tsar's yard
The similarity of these palaces does not at all mean their identical use by the royal family. So, the Izmailovsky Palace was the economic center of the estate, and the Kolomna Palace was needed only for entertainment and recreation. None of these palaces have survived, and their beauty can only be judged by the hotel and entertainment complex, which appeared on the territory of Kolomenskoye a few years ago, as well as a few descriptions of historians.
The old temple of Josaph was built in 1678, at the same time as the main part of the estate was being arranged. The two-story building of the shrine was supplemented with a pair of side-altars, and a transitional gallery connected it with the palace. After 9 years, the church building was reconstructed in the Moscow Baroque style, and later a bell tower was added to the western side. Unfortunately, this church has not survived. It was destroyed in 1936, and to this day the place remains unoccupied.
Intercession Cathedral with the North, South, East buildings of the almshouse
The Church of the Intercession in the Izmailovo estate towered in the middle of the estate square, in front of the main gate. Before him, there was a wooden church in this place, which was built under Ioann Romanov. She personified the end of the Time of Troubles and the liberation of the Moscow lands from the Polish-Lithuanian troops. It took almost 8 years to erect the stone structure. Construction works from 1671 to 1679. On the day of the next celebration of the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos, on October 1, 1680, the temple premises were consecrated by Patriarch Joachim.
The construction work for the construction of the Intercession Church was supervised by the architect Ivan Kuznechik, and they were carried out by a whole artel of out-of-town bricklayers. The best ceramists decorated the church with glazed tiles, and the church was crowned with gilded domes. In the church they kept the Pokrovskaya icon, which was the same size as the height of the 7-year-old prince. In addition, a copy of the Jerusalem image of the Mother of God was also kept here, which showed its miraculous power in 1771, when the plague was raging in Moscow. Later, Napoleon's troops destroyed the Intercession Church.
The back gate of the Tsar's yard
The gate at the entrance to the Tsar's yard
At the very beginning, there was a spacious square in front of the Intercession Church. Today there is a public garden and a fountain in its place. All the buildings of the Tsar's court went out here, including two gates, which received the name Front and Back.
They were built in 1682. It seems that the same craftsmen were involved in the development of their project, since the composition and design of both gates are similar. At the bottom of the gate, 3 openings are cut - two narrow on the sides and one wide in the middle. In the middle tier there is a light octagon with narrow rumor windows. Initially, the octagon was surrounded by a gulbisch with painted windows, but in the 18th century it was dismantled. The current parapet on the second tier is made according to the scheme of the Russian architect Konstantin Andreyevich Ton.
Cast iron arch
Today, inside the Tsar's courtyard, a park is laid out, planted with groups of deciduous trees. If you look closely at the ancient buildings that stand along the perimeter of the rectangular courtyard, you can understand what the plan was for the arrangement of the royal estate. Its inner space was not only closed, but also specially fenced off from the outside world.
Once the central part of the courtyard was divided by an inner fence. In the north, there were Kormovoy and Khlebny courtyards, kitchens, storerooms, glaciers, the place where the archers were serving, as well as the buildings in which the managers lived. Along coastline The grape pond was filled with barns, wood storage, stables and a brewery.
Monument to Peter I. Sculptor L.Ye. Kerbel
Kremlin
The Kremlin, erected in the estate already in our time, has combined the best architectural traditions of ancient Russian fortifications. A pond, a vineyard and a front garden with fragrant flowers appeared again on the spacious territory. The revived menagerie, stables and a poultry house filled the manor courtyard with life. Museum exhibitions, a mill and craft workshops help visitors to plunge into the past era of the estate.
The Kremlin is located on an elevated site, surrounded by a wooden palisade and stone walls. The old ensemble was helped to recreate the surviving drawings, prints and drawings. The Kremlin towers are decorated with multicolored tiles made using ancient technologies.
Fountain in front of the Intercession Church
Modern izmailovsky Kremlin became a place of revival of Russian traditions. On its territory, festivals and fairs are held, crowded holidays are held, and folk ensembles perform. And the doors of the Palace of Happiness entering the Izmailovsky complex are always open for couples in love.
Visitors who want to see unique products and learn crafts have the opportunity to attend master classes. They teach how to make ceramics, rag dolls, sculpt and paint toys, and paint on wood and fabric. And those who want to feel like blacksmiths can try their hand at artistic forging.
Izmailovo (Izmailovsky Island, Bauman Town) is a former royal estate built in the second half of the 17th century on the Serebryanka River.
Izmailovo - family estate Romanovs. Tsar Ivan the Terrible granted it to the representative of this dynasty, Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev, brother of his first wife Anastasia Romanovna. From him it was inherited by the youngest son, Ivan Nikitich, nicknamed "Porridge". In the Time of Troubles, Ivan Nikitich's estate was abandoned, but with the accession to the royal throne of his own nephew Mikhail, it began to quickly revive. Since 1640 the estate was owned by the son of Ivan Nikitich, Nikita Ivanovich. After the death of Nikita Ivanovich in 1654, the village fell under the jurisdiction of the Order Of the Grand Palace, becoming the suburban estate of the royal family.
Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1667, the Robka River (now Serebryanka) was blocked by dams so that the resulting Serebryano-Vinogradny Pond surrounded the so-called Izmailovsky Island, on which the royal estate was located. The center of the estate was the Tsar's court (built in 1664-1690). Numerous outbuildings were located around it. In the years 1671-1679. Kostroma masters on the site of the existing from the beginning of the XVII century wooden church the stone Pokrovsky Cathedral was erected. The Church of Tsarevich Joasaph was built nearby. A stone bridge with a length of about 100 m led to the island, ending with a three-tiered bridge tower. In the second tier of the tower, meetings of the Boyar Duma were sometimes held.
Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was fond of falconry in the forests surrounding Izmailovo. In addition, he experienced various innovations in the estate. So, already in the 1670s. there was a home theater in the Izmailovo Tsar's estate, one of the first in Russia; the name of one of its actors is known - the singer and painter Vasily Repsky. Experiments on the cultivation of rare plants (grapes, watermelons, etc.) were carried out in the estate. One of the first glass factories in the country was opened, producing highly artistic products, mainly for decorating royal feasts. For the organization of glass business and the cultivation of foreign plants, foreign specialists were involved in the work. For sailing on ponds and rivers in the estate there was a boat ordered from England, which was later discovered by young Peter I, and which he later transported to St. Petersburg and called "the grandfather of the Russian fleet."
Since 1696, Tsarina Praskovya Fyodorovna, the widow of Tsar Ivan V, and the three daughters of the tsarina - Tsarevnas Ekaterina, Annai Praskovya, lived in Izmailovo. During the stay of the Dowager Queen Praskovya Fedorovna, Izmailovo remained an island old Russia, which was not affected by the turbulent transformations of Tsar Peter I. The estate was built specifically for the dowager queen new palace... The court of the dowager queen consisted of two and a half hundred stewards, the staff of the queen's and princess's rooms, dozens of servants, mothers, nannies, and courtiers. At this time, the estate was a quiet suburban idyll. Apple, pear and cherry orchards surrounded the banks of twenty ponds. Sterlets with golden rings in their gills were found in the ponds, which, as noted by the historian Semevsky, were worn even during the reign of Tsar Ivan IV Vasilievich. Tropical plants and overseas tulips grew in the manor's greenhouses. The estate had a mulberry garden and a fruitful vineyard. There was a court theater in the palace, where plays were staged. Visited the estate in late XVII For centuries, the German traveler Korb, describing this suburban idyll, noticed that the gentle melodies of flutes and trumpets "were combined with the quiet rustle of the wind that slowly flowed from the tops of the trees."
In 1728, the teenage emperor Peter II, who came to Moscow for the coronation, stayed for a long time in Izmailovo under the influence of the Dolgorukovs, an influential clan of the old aristocracy, whose members managed to remove the powerful Menshikov from power and planned to marry the emperor to their relative. Almost all the time the emperor spent hunting, and the Izmailovo forest lands bordered on the Dolgoruky possessions and were connected by a single system of ponds. However, the plans of the influential family were not destined to come true - the emperor soon died, and the Dolgorukikhs expected disgrace.
In 1812 Izmailovo suffered from Napoleon's troops. In 1850, the Izmailovskaya Nikolaevskaya Military Almshouse was opened on Izmailovsky Island. The almshouse is located in buildings specially built for this purpose. famous architects Konstantin Ton and Mikhail Bykovsky. At the same time, two buildings were attached directly to the cathedral, and the outbuildings repeated the shape of the dismantled buildings of the Tsar's court.
In Soviet times, the almshouse was closed, the cathedral was plundered, the church of Joasaph was completely destroyed. In the buildings of the almshouse there was a working settlement - the Town named after Bauman.
Currently, on the territory of Izmailovsky Island, you can see:
Cathedral of the Intercession of the seventeenth century (restored, in operation).
Seventeenth-century bridge tower (the bridge has not survived). The tower houses a museum exposition.
Front and rear gates of the Tsar's court (seventeenth century).
Almshouse buildings (nineteenth century).
Cast iron arch and fountain (nineteenth century).
Monument to Peter the Great by Lev Kerbel (1998).
Silver-Grape Pond.
BRIDGE TOWER: Built 1671-1679
The three-tiered tower served as the front entrance to the Izmailovo estate, being part of a stone arched bridge over the Silver Pond. The composition of the tower is typical for medieval architecture of the second half of the 17th century and resembles some of the towers of the Moscow Kremlin. Two square in terms of decreasing quadrangles are crowned with a wide octagon with a ringing tier and a low tent. The lower tier of the tower is cut through by three wide arched driveways. Through, from south to north, facing the Intercession Cathedral; cranked, from south to east, once led to the Izmailovskaya dam and the Serebrikha mill.
The lower (first) tier of the Tower was passable. The second tier contained the bell ringers' rooms. Until now, the premises of the rifle guards in the first two tiers of the Bridge Tower have survived. During the stay of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Izmailovo, meetings of the Boyar Duma (its second name is Duma) were held on the second floor of the tower. In the early 30s of the 18th century, Empress Anna Ioannovna assembled the Senate, the highest state body in Russia, in the Bridge Tower. It is no coincidence that the vaulted chamber of the second tier of the Tower was called Senate. The belfry of the Intercession Cathedral was located on the third tier. The role of the sentinel platform was played by the gulbische above the big four. In the past, the tower was crowned with a metal double-headed eagle.
The elegant decor of the Bridge Tower attracts attention. Platbands of the second tier are presented in the form of egg-shaped semi-columns, hanging weights and kokoshniks. On the gulbische and on the small quadrangle, belts of beads made of colored tiles, depicting birds of paradise, peacocks, turkeys among the leaves with berries and flowers, have been preserved. At the corners of the small quadrangle there are chimneys from the lost stoves in the large vaulted chamber of the second tier.
The Bridge Tower is currently a museum open to the public. I really liked that you can see it not only outside but also inside. From her breathes with antiquity and the mighty strength of the Russian people.
Former royal estate, family estate of the Romanov dynasty. The estate is located on an artificial Izmailovsky island in the center of Serebryano-Vinogradny pond, today an extensive museum-reserve is deployed on its territory, which, together with the Izmailovo PKiO, Terletsky and Petrovsky forest parks, is part of the Izmailovo natural-historical park.
Due to the location on the island and the distance from historic center Moscow, the estate remains quite uncrowded even on weekends, and the silence and a large amount of greenery allow visitors to escape from life in the metropolis.
The estate has a long and interesting story: After experiencing its heyday in the 17th century under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who equipped an exemplary farm with a palace, gardens and hunting grounds in Izmailovo, it subsequently developed and built by his descendants, but gradually fell into desolation and in the 19th century was rebuilt to meet the needs of Izmailovo Nikolaevsky military almshouses.
The architectural ensemble of the estate
The modern architectural ensemble of the estate includes the preserved buildings of the Tsar's courtyard of the 17th century, as well as the residential and office buildings of the Izmailovo Nikolaev military almshouse (original and recreated during restoration) of the 19th century attached to them.
From the historical Tsar's court survived and Rear entrance gate (1682, unknown architect), Bridge tower (1671-1674), and cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Izmailovo (1671-1679).
Front and Rear entrance gate were built by decree of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich, probably according to one project. In the past, they were surrounded by a fence, inside of which there was a wooden royal palace (1676-1681, not preserved), but in the middle of the 19th century, by decree of Emperor Nicholas I, a military almshouse was arranged in Izmailovo, and instead of a fence between the gates, one- and two-storey office hulls that form a clear rectangular square with a large courtyard:
Northern dwelling house of almshouse officials (1853, Konstantin Ton);
The southern dwelling house of the almshouse officials (1853, Konstantin Ton).
Service buildings (north, west, south), recreated during the restoration of the 1970-1980s;
The coach shed, recreated during the restoration of the 1970s-1980s;
Stable and barn for carriages (1853, Konstantin Ton);
Smithy and locksmith with a tin-shop (1851-1854, Konstantin Ton);
The Northern Glacier (1853, Konstantin Ton), which served to store food;
South Glacier (1853, Konstantin Ton), intended to store the products of the residents of the Family Corps;
Bath and laundry (1853, Konstantin Ton);
Barracks for almshouse servants (2 buildings, 1851-1854, Konstantin Ton) - residential buildings for single employees of the almshouse;
Family Corps (1856-1859, Mikhail Bykovsky), designed for 48 soldier and officer families.
In the courtyard of the service buildings, there is currently a public garden accessible for visiting and walking.
Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos in Izmailovo (1671-1679, architect Ivan Kuznechik) is located directly opposite the Front entrance gate: this is a luxurious five-domed church, decorated with multi-colored tiles by master Stepan Polubes. Residential buildings of the Nikolaev military almshouse are also attached to the temple: the northern and southern soldiers 'corps (1840-1850s, Konstantin Ton) with an infirmary for 60 places, a soldiers' canteen and chambers for housing 200 soldiers (each) and the eastern officer corps ( 1840-1853, Konstantin Ton) with a dining room, buffet and library, intended for 20 officers.
Apart from other buildings of the Nikolaev military almshouse, there is an officer corps (1860s, Vasily Nebolsin), intended for the residence of 15 officers, and a water pumping station (1853), which provided water supply to the residential buildings of the almshouse.
Attention-grabbing massive Bridge tower (1671-1679), built under the leadership of the architect Ivan Kuznechik by an artel of Kostroma masons. The tower was built by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich and in the past was adjacent to a stone bridge (not preserved), which connected Izmailovsky island with the "mainland". In the 17th century, the lower tier of the tower housed rifle guards, above them - a chamber, and the upper tier served as a bell tower.
Also on the territory there is the Pig-iron gate (1859) - the former main entrance to the almshouse, the "Lion" fountain (1859) and installed in 1998.
The history of the estate
The first mention of Izmailovo dates back to 1389; It is believed that the village of Izmailovo got its name from the name of one of the first owners: presumably, it was Artemy Izmailov. Izmailovo became the fiefdom of the Romanovs from the middle of the 16th century, and even then there stood a boyar estate and a church, there were peasant yards and two ponds.
Izmailovo reached its heyday during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (Tishaish): fearing a repetition of the Copper Riot, he wanted to carry out a military reform, which required high costs. To replenish the treasury, from 1663 the tsar began to develop the economy in villages and volosts, and Izmailovo became the largest and most successful of the educated farms: vegetable gardens and orchards appeared here (including grape and mulberry, where experiments with the cultivation of silk trees were carried out), an apiary, arable land and 9 mills, brick, glass and cast iron factories, a fishery with 37 ponds and huge hunting grounds. A huge territory was assigned to the estate from the village of Cherkizovo to the villages of Gireyevo and Kuskovo: for the competent management of the land and the enterprises located on it, the tsar invited European craftsmen and managers from Lithuania, Poland and Italy. In 1667, for the arrangement of the fishery, it was decided to dam the Robka river (modern Serebryanka) located on the territory of the estate, as a result of which a huge pond was formed (it was called Vinogradny for the vine garden, nowadays - Serebryano-Vinogradny pond) with Izmailovsky Island in the middle. Over time, peasant households and household services were removed from the island, and the entire territory was occupied by the royal estate.
After the death of Alexei Mikhailovich in 1676, his son Fyodor Alekseevich began to develop the estate, who was not interested in economic issues, but continued the construction of the royal residence. During his reign, a wooden palace appeared on the island, the Front and Back entrance gates with a fence, the Bridge Tower with a massive stone bridge connecting the island with the "mainland", as well as the Intercession Cathedral and the Church of Joasaph of the Indian Tsarevich. The estate was advanced in all respects: a menagerie and the first theater in Russia appeared here, and it increasingly began to take on an entertainment character.
Engraving "Izmailovo. Departure of Emperor Peter II for falconry", Ivan Zubov, 1720s
Another glorious period in Izmailov's history is associated with Peter I, who spent quite a lot of time here in childhood and adolescence, and according to some sources, it was here that he was born. In one of the barns of the Izmailovo Linen Yard, the future emperor discovered a wooden boat "St. Nicholas", once brought by the British as a gift to Alexei Mikhailovich; the boat vividly interested him and, awakening Peter's interest in naval affairs, went down in history as "the grandfather of the Russian fleet." Under Peter I, Izmailovo became the arena of his amusing battles between the Izmailovsky, Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky regiments, during which he trained in military skill. The construction of the estate and the economy was of little interest to Peter, and in the 1690s the enterprises began to decline - in particular, the Glass Factory was liquidated, but in general the economy remained exemplary.
Subsequently, the estate was used by the Russian emperors as an entertainment (under Anna Ioannovna, for example, a 110-hectare menagerie with monkeys, lions and tigers appeared here), but otherwise it began to decline. The Tsar's Palace and the bridge to the Bridge Tower were dismantled due to dilapidation, the Patriotic War of 1812 brought great destruction: the French cut down part of the gardens for firewood and destroyed a number of buildings. After the war, the estate began to be reduced: the vineyard was sold to private hands, the menagerie was liquidated.
The revival of Izmailov in a new capacity took place under Nicholas I, who in 1938 signed a decree on the organization of a military almshouse on the territory of the Izmailovo estate to care for veterans of the Patriotic War. The construction took about 10 years; The project was supervised by the architect Konstantin Ton: instead of a fence, new service buildings were attached to the preserved Front and Rear entrance gates of the former Tsar's courtyard, forming a closed square with an inner courtyard, and 3 residential buildings for soldiers and officers were added to the Intercession Church. The main entrance to the territory of the almshouse was decorated with the Cast-iron gate. Ton's project caused controversy and criticism due to the reconstruction of the temple, however, the Emperor liked the result. In the 1950s-1960s, the almshouse was slightly renovated according to the project of the architect Mikhail Bykovsky: new buildings were completed, a "Lion" fountain appeared between the Front Gate and the Intercession Church, and some historical buildings were restored. The territory of the former tsarist patrimony outside Izmailovsky Island at the same time turned into a working suburb of Moscow.
After the October Revolution, the almshouse gradually stopped working due to lack of funding, and a hostel was located in its buildings, and in 1924 a working settlement was registered on Izmailovsky Island - a town named after Bauman, in which there were about 2,000 residents. The church of Tsarevich Iosaph was demolished. The Soviet period forever changed the appearance of the former tsarist estate: the territory of the village and farms was built up with apartment buildings, part of the hunting grounds with ponds was preserved as the Izmailovsky forest park, and where the menagerie was in the past, the Izmailovsky Park of Culture and Rest appeared.
The town named after Bauman on Izmailovsky Island existed until the 1970s, when all its inhabitants were resettled, and the complex was restored and restored, after which it housed museum and exhibition premises. Today the Izmailovo estate on Izmailovsky Island is part of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve "Kolomenskoye - Izmailovo - Lyublino".
Thus, modern manor Izmailovo boasts an interesting architectural ensemble formed from the surviving buildings of the old Tsar's yard and the newer Izmailovo almshouse. Located on its own small island, it seems to be in a parallel reality, where the metropolis around does not exist.
Unfortunately, the landscaping is outdated and leaves much to be desired, but this does not interfere with measured walks or playing sports.
Izmailovo Estate Museum is located on Izmailovsky Island in the eponymous district of Moscow. You can get to it on foot from metro stations "Partisan" and Izmailovskaya Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line, as well as MCC platforms Izmailovo.
Bridge Tower (1671-1679)
The three-tier Bridge Tower served as the front entrance to the Izmailovo estate, being part of a stone arched bridge over the Silver Pond. The composition of the tower is typical for medieval architecture of the second half of the 17th century and resembles some of the towers of the Moscow Kremlin. Two square in terms of decreasing quadrangles are crowned with a wide octagon with a ringing tier and a low tent. The lower tier of the tower is cut through by three wide arched driveways. Through, from south to north, facing the Intercession Cathedral; a cranked one, from south to east, once led to the Izmailovo dam and the Serebrikha mill.
The lower (first) tier of the Tower was passable. The second tier contained the bell ringers' rooms. Until now, the premises of the rifle guards in the first two tiers of the Bridge Tower have survived. During the stay of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in Izmailovo, meetings of the Boyar Duma (its second name is Duma) were held on the second floor of the tower. In the early 30s of the 18th century, Empress Anna Ioannovna assembled the Senate, the highest state body in Russia, in the Bridge Tower. It is no coincidence that the vaulted chamber of the second tier of the Tower was called Senate. The belfry of the Intercession Cathedral was located on the third tier. The role of the sentinel platform was played by the gulbische above the big four. In the past, the tower was crowned with a metal double-headed eagle.
The elegant decor of the Bridge Tower attracts attention. Platbands of the second tier are presented in the form of egg-shaped semi-columns, hanging weights and kokoshniks. On the gulbische and on the small quadrangle, belts of beads made of colored tiles, depicting birds of paradise, peacocks, turkeys among the leaves with berries and flowers, have been preserved. At the corners of the small quadrangle there are chimneys from the lost stoves in the large vaulted chamber of the second tier.
After 1917, Izmailovsky Island was transferred to the Salyut aircraft factory. A workers' town named after Bauman was formed in the former royal estate. In 1923, there was a youth commune in the Bridge Tower.
In 1987, the Bridge Tower was transferred to the jurisdiction of the State Historical Museum for placement of a storage facility and arrangement of an exposition dedicated to the "royal estate of Izmailovo".
In 2007, a unique monument of architecture of the 17th century - the Bridge Tower - was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve.
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Finally, the hands of the restorers reached the tower. Topped with an octagonal tent, a three-tiered structure in the east of the city was built by masons under the guidance of the archer Ivan Kuznechik, an apprentice in stone, in 1671-1679.
Now the object of cultural heritage of federal significance, which has undergone various kinds of wounds and mutilations, will be restored. The red brick bridge tower has long adorned the coast of the Silver Pond on Izmailovsky Island by itself, although it once served as the end of a white-stone arched structure 106 meters long, along which they entered the island from the Vladimir road (now the Entuziastov highway). The tower combined the functions of a travel gate, an archery guard post and a bell tower of the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Virgin. The tent octagon had seven church bells, a battle alarm and a chime clock.
Each tier of the tower had a characteristic decoration. Undoubtedly, multicolored tiles of the decorative belt of the third floor with birds of paradise, leaves and fruits stood out. It is believed that the authors of the tiled pants are Moscow craftsmen Stepan Ivanov (Polubes) and Ignat Maksimov. The windows of the second level were framed by carved semi-columns and kokoshniks. The composition of the elegant tower will undoubtedly remind many of the towers of the Moscow Kremlin. The bridge connected to it "for dilapidation" was dismantled by order of Catherine II, and at the same time the Empress ordered to dismantle the two-story wooden royal mansions built under Alexei Mikhailovich Tishaish on a stone basement.
At that time, the Boyar Duma gathered on the middle floor of the Bridge Tower. It was under the vaults of this very chamber that Aleksey Mikhailovich wrote the "Cathedral Code" - the first orderly set of laws of the Russian state. In the tower near the bridge, the presence of the Senate remained under Peter I. His youthful war games were held in Izmailovo, on the lands of his father's country residence. The waters of the local ponds were plowed by the grandfather of the Russian fleet, the English boat “Saint Nicholas”, the famous creation of the ship's master Brant, discovered by sixteen-year-old Peter in the barn of the Linen Yard.
Under Anna Ioannovna, meetings of the Senate were also held on the second floor of the Bridge Tower, as a result of which the 17th-century guard building acquired a second name - Senate.
Elizaveta Petrovna and Catherine II did not have much interest in the ancestral estate of the Romanovs, and the once brilliant Izmailovo was dilapidated. Nicholas I breathed a peculiar new life into the estate. In the manner of the Parisian House of Invalids, the emperor established on a man-made island the Nikolaev military almshouse "for retired officers and lower ranks with their wives and children, a shelter for widows of family invalids, a school for children in care and civil servants" From now on, the spacious spaces of the Bridge Tower also serve the needs of the charitable institution.
In Soviet times, a typical example of Moscow architecture was destined for the fate of a warehouse, living quarters of the commune of the aircraft plant "Salyut", the laboratory of mica insulation of the All-Union Electrotechnical Institute. In 2007, all historical and architectural monuments of Izmailovsky Island are transferred to the jurisdiction of the Moscow State United Museum-Reserve, including the Mostovaya Tower, which is finally promised a return to its historical appearance - restoration of decorative elements, original wooden windows, doors, brickwork, copper roofing, historical flaky (flat sandstone planks) covering the floor of the gulbury, strengthening the foundation, putting in order the tiles and decorating the hipped roof with the double-headed eagle that was there before.
