becoming more complex, it will simply not be possible to work, to be useful ... A person will bring in new ideas, think about what the machine cannot think about. And for this, the general intelligence of a person, his ability to create new things and, of course, moral responsibility, which a machine cannot bear in any way, will be needed more and more ... for everything that happens in the age of machines and robots. General education can create a person of the future, a creative person, a creator of everything new and morally responsible for everything that will be created.
Teaching is what a young man needs now from a very young age. You should always learn. Until the end of life, not only taught, but studied all the major scientists. If you stop learning, you won't be able to teach. For knowledge is growing and becoming more complex. At the same time, it must be remembered that the most favorable time for learning is youth. It is in youth, in childhood, in adolescence, in youth that the mind of a person is most receptive.
Know how not to waste time on trifles, on "rest", which sometimes tires more than the hardest work, do not fill your bright mind with muddy streams of stupid and aimless "information". Take care of yourself for learning, for acquiring knowledge and skills that you will learn quickly and easily only in your youth.
And here I hear the heavy sigh of a young man: what a boring life you offer our youth! Just learn. And where is the rest, entertainment? What, then, should we not rejoice?
No. The acquisition of skills and knowledge is the same sport. Teaching is hard when we cannot find joy in it. We must love to learn and choose smart forms of recreation and entertainment, capable of also teaching something, developing in us some abilities that will be needed in life.
Learn to love learning!
C1. Make an outline of the text. To do this, select the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.
C2. What, according to the author, will be the role of man in production in the 21st century? Indicate any two qualities that, in the opinion of the author, will be necessary for a person.
names and years of the reign of the first Kiev princes
KIND PEOPLE, HELP PZHL IF IT'S NOT DIFFICULT, 65PKTThe social structure of a society is not rigid; vibrations and displacements constantly occur in it, i.e. it is characterized by social mobility. Social mobility is a change by a social group or an individual of his social position. The term "social mobility" was introduced into sociology by P. A. Sorokin, who considered social mobility as moving up the social ladder in two directions: vertical - movement up and down, horizontal - movement at the same social level. During periods of social change, there is massive group mobility. In stable periods, social mobility increases at the time of structural restructuring of the economy. In this case, education is an important "social lift" providing vertical mobility of an upward type. Social mobility is a fairly reliable indicator of the level of openness or closedness of a society. In modern society, social mobility gives rise to the phenomenon of social marginality. Marginalization is a concept that characterizes borderline, intermediate, cultural phenomena, social subjects and statuses ... without full adaptation in it. A marginal is a person who is related to two different groups, not belonging to either of them completely ... The marginal's subjective idea of himself and his objective position are contradictory: he is put in a situation of struggle for survival. Therefore, a marginal person has a number of characteristic features: anxiety, aggressiveness, unjustified ambition. The social behavior of the marginal creates difficulties for both the person himself and the people who communicate with him. For a long time in sociology, marginality was assessed negatively. V Lately sociologists changed their attitude towards it, seeing a positive side in this social phenomenon. (Minaev V.V., Arkhipova NI., C1. Based on the text, indicate the line that determines the essence of social mobility. What are (according to P.A. Sorokin) the main directions of social mobility? C2. Under what two social conditions, according to the authors , education is an important "social lift"? Explain any of these conditions. C3. Who do the authors call marginal? Give a definition and give, based on knowledge of social science course and facts of public life, three examples of marginality. C4. Recently, as the authors note, sociologists saw a positive side in marginality.
Islands are small tracts of land that are surrounded by water on all sides. A person has always been interested in how they are formed and why they have such a diverse shape and appearance... Some of them are only rock formations, while others have incredible features of flora and fauna, which were formed here as a result of long-term isolation.
The question of how the islands appear has been considered by scientists for a long time and the answers can be found not one or even two. There are many reasons for the emergence of these land areas. One of the main reasons for the emergence of the island is a long process of movement of the earth's crust, as a result of which one of its sections "bulges", forming a fold on which the island is formed.
But there are also opposite processes that make it clear how the islands, located within England and Ireland, were formed. The fact is that thousands of years ago there was land in this place, which united England with the rest of Europe, but as a result of tectonic processes, the earth's crust in this place sank and separated the land area from the rest of the mainland. There is no need to think that this process was instantaneous; it took nature many decades to complete the process.
This is how the archipelago appeared - as the group of islands is called, linked by a single location and proximity. In some cases, the formation of an island (in a belt of fire) can be observed in real time. This applies primarily to islands of volcanic origin. In places where the bottom is close to the surface of the ocean, volcanoes can erupt, throwing out hot lava, which becomes the basis for the future of the island.
It is worth thinking about eruptions before leaving to live on the islands, since the volcanoes that formed them can "wake up" at any time. Although, if you want to find a safe place to live, you can choose the island that was created by the labor of billions of small sea creatures. This construction work deal with coral polyps, creating real works of art in places of concentration. And the basis for the island is their calcareous shells.
The secrets of the formation of the islands contain the answers to how Easter Island was settled, which was once part of a wider land. And if we talk about coral reefs, it takes thousands of years and warm tropical seas to create such islands. Humans also have an impact on nature, creating artificial islands on a floating basis in conditions of overpopulation. Nature still has many secrets that only future generations of scientists will be able to unravel.
The islands vary in size, from small coral nameless to Australia, a huge continent. Animal and vegetable world the islands are separated from the main land by water. This means that island plants and animals are isolated from other plants and animals.
How are islands created?
Islands are created in two ways. The first is when part of the land is separated from the main land. For example Madagascar and New Zealand formed like this 20 million years ago. They had plants and animals on them from the very beginning.
Another way islands are formed is when volcanoes at the bottom of the sea eject so much solid rock that new islands are formed in the ocean. This is how the Galapagos and Hawaiian Islands... On such volcanic islands at the moment of their occurrence, life was absent.
Visitors to the islands
Seabirds spend most of their lives at sea feeding on fish. They appear on islands in the middle of the ocean to nest where there are few predators that threaten chicks.
Frigate birds have large wings and small legs. They attack other birds, make them regurgitate their food, and then dive and eat it.
Albatrosses have the largest wingspan among birds. The wandering albatross spends most of its time in the air. It feeds near Australia and nests in the islands of the South Atlantic.
Blue-footed boobies nest on the land of the islands of the South Pacific Ocean. They feed on fish and swim well.
Puffins make nests by digging depressions in the banks. The color of the beak in males remains bright only for the period of attraction of the female.
New islands
Most of the new islands are of volcanic origin. Once the volcano stopped erupting and turned into just rocks. Soil gradually appeared on them, plants grew and animals came.
The winds and waves of the ocean break up the rocks and turn them into very small pieces. This process is called erosion. Animals that feed in the sea, such as seabirds, seals and sea lions, were the first to appear on the islands. They bred where there were no predators. Their excretions gradually disintegrated, mixing with solid particles and forming a soil.
Plants of the new islands
Over time, soil appears on the new islands and plants can grow. They form seeds, with the help of which the plants spread. The wind, water, and birds and other animals carry the seeds. Some plants have seeds with numerous hooks. They are carried by catching on bird feathers or animal hair.
Other plants, such as figs, produce fruits that contain seeds. The animals eat the fruits, and then the seeds fall out along with the feces. The seeds of plants such as orchids are so light that they are carried by the wind. In other plants, such as thistle, the seeds are heavier and equipped with feathery parachutes that are picked up by the wind. Coconuts are the seeds of palm trees. Their shells are waterproof, so they can be safely carried by the sea.
Vegetarian animals can survive if they appear on islands where there are many edible plants. They are the second animals after seals and seabirds to settle on the new islands.
Animals of the new islands
In order for animal species to survive on a new island, the first animal to arrive on the island must be capable of reproduction (producing young), so it must wait for a pair to appear. Animals that can fly, such as birds, bats, and insects, can cross bodies of water... They easily reach the shores of new islands and begin to breed.
Land animals such as squirrels, iguanas, and toads only cross the oceans by accident if washed out into the sea. They rarely get to the new islands. It is believed that a new type of animal appears in Hawaii (islands in Pacific) only once every 12,500 years.
Target:
- To acquaint students with the characteristic features of the islands and peninsulas;
- To teach how to find and show islands and peninsulas on the map.
Visibility:
- Map physical world and Russia.
- "Islands and Peninsulas" presentation.
- Leaflet with information on the origin of the islands and peninsulas.
- Plates with the names of islands and peninsulas.
- Cards with tasks.
- Textbook AA Vakhrushev “The world around you - grade 2”, Moscow. - Bustard, 2008.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment:
- Wish each other good luck.
- What is useful for successful work?
2. Updating knowledge and posing a problem situation:
- Read carefully the topics of the lessons and select only those that we have studied:
Mountains, map, rivers, plan, peninsulas, plains, lake, islands.
- Arrange the cards the way we studied these topics.
- Turn the cards over. (A little luck starts a lot of success.)
- This phrase will help us in the lesson.
- What cards are left?
- Let's turn them over too.
- What is it? (envelopes)
- Let's see what's in them. (Tasks)
- Task 1: Ob, Lena, Amazon - this is…. Explain what a river is.
- Task 2: Indian, Quiet, Northern Arctic - this is…. Explain what the ocean is.
- Task 3: Madagascar, Greenland, Kamchatka, Hindustan - this is….
- What do we do?
- How to find out?
- Let's look at the map of the endpaper of the textbook first.
- Guys, why couldn't you immediately give a clear answer to the question?
- What do you think our lesson will be devoted to?
- Lesson topic: "Islands and peninsulas".
- What do you think, what are islands and peninsulas?
- What hypotheses and suggestions will you have?
3. "Discovery" of new knowledge:
- And what questions would you like to receive an answer to our lesson topic?
- Having analyzed your desires, we should get answers to the following questions:
- What is an island and a peninsula?
- Is it land or water?
- Origin.
- Location.
- Islands and peninsulas of Russia.
4. Physical education
5. "Discovery" of new knowledge:
- Let's find the answer to the first question: what is an island and a peninsula. Open the tutorial on p. 75 and read.
- I think you will immediately answer the second question: what are the islands and peninsulas.
- Let's think about the third question: origin. Will help you leaflet (Appendix 2 ) on the desk. Please read it carefully.
- What interesting things have you learned about the origin of the islands and peninsulas?
- The next question is related to the location of the islands and peninsulas.
“The map on the flyleaf of the textbook will help us with this.
- I show you a plate with the name of an island or a peninsula, and you are looking for it on the map in pairs. Whoever succeeds, shows a sign of readiness and demonstrates an island or peninsula on physical map world on the chalkboard.
- Imagine that you are travelers, on which of the islands or peninsulas of Russia you would like to be.
- Before starting a trip, you need to know about the place where you are going, so at home you will have to prepare a message about the selected island or peninsula.
6. Independent application of knowledge:
- We have learned a lot about the islands and peninsulas, and now let's check how you can apply the knowledge gained?
- Tasks in the workbook p. 38 No. 3, p. 40 No. 6.
- Whoever will cope earlier, you can complete another task on p. 40 No. 7.
- Let's check: How does the mainland differ from the island?
- What is the same incredible reason island formation?
7. Outcome:
- Summing up with Edward de Bono's Six Thinking Hats method.
8. Homework:
- Prepare a message about the island or peninsula that interests you.
