Wonderful facts
Chita is similar in one, but very remarkable fact, to Jerusalem. In the whole world, there are only two cities in which temples of three religions stood simultaneously on the same hill: Judaism, Islam and Christianity. In the ancient part of the city, at the confluence of the rivers Inogoda and Chita, where the Chita prison was founded at one time, there are three on the same hill: the Synagogue (on Ingodinskaya street), the Mosque (Anokhin street), and the Orthodox Church of Michael the Archangel ( on Selenginskaya street)
Chingiskhan was born on the territory of modern Transbaikalia, or rather in the Onon steppes near the present Lower Tsasuchei. Chingiskhan came from the Yesugei-Bahodur clan and bore the name Temuchin (Temujin).
The year 1653 is not the date of the foundation of Chita, as it is commonly believed. The date of the foundation of the city, from which the countdown begins, is the date of the first written mention of the settlement.
The oldest mention of the settlement on the site of modern Chita remains a letter from the plenipotentiary ambassador Fyodor Golovin, written in December 1687. It was addressed to the voivode of Nerchinsk Vlasov: "At the rafting ground, at the mouth of the Chita river, from contractors to feed the Great Sovereigns [co-rulers Ivan V and Peter I], take bread from the army"
And in 1690, the clerk Karp Yudin in the "Testimony of the Daursky" on the drawing first marked the Chita Sloboda. So in 2001, Chita turned not 347, but 311 or 314 years old.
Highest points Chita region - the char of the Rocky ridge Udokan, located in the upper reaches of the northern Kalar River (2800 meters above sea level) and the Burun-Shebartui char in the south (2523 yetra) and the Sokhondo char in the south-west of the region (2508 meters)
In Transbaikalia, a steam engine with a double-acting cylinder was first used by Litvinov, which he constructed here, almost a hundred years ahead of the American "novelty" - Evans' machine.
In Transbaikalia, several settlements are called "Plants". They got this name from the fact that silver-melting and lead furnaces were "started" there. There were nine such settlements:
Nerchinsky Plant was founded in 1704 (and is now called Nerchinsky Plant)
Duchar plant was founded in 1760
Kutomarsky plant was founded in 1764
Shilkinsky plant was founded in 1767 (now - Shilka town)
The Catherine Plant was founded in 1776
Gazimurskiy Zavod was founded in 1778 (and is now called Gazimurskiy Zavod)
Petrovsky Ironworks was founded in 1789 (now Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky)
Talmanskiy Zavod (Aleksandrovskiy - since 1825) was founded in 1792 (and is now called Aleksandrovskiy Zavod)
Kurunzulaevsky plant was founded in 1796
The most recognizable words among the people of Transbaikal are "parya" (guy), "deka" (girl), "same", "cho", "kavo" (what?), "May". And a phrase like "You, dea, you say something in May" - is translated as follows: "what are you, friend, are you talking about?" And here is the rhyme:
Soaring on the water I went
Hovering around the corner,
I knocked over the barrel while steaming,
He flew from the barrel.
Another feature is the word "bra" tka "(accent on the first syllable), which came from the light hand of NN Muravyov-Amursky, Governor-General of Eastern Siberia. He issued an order to form Buryat regiments in the Transbaikal Cossack army, calling them" fraternal. ”Since then, the Buryat Cossacks have been called“ brothers ”or“ brothers. ”And about the presence of Buryat blood in a person, they say that“ a little too bad ”.
In 1674, Ivan Evstafievich Vlasov, the first person who was in those parts of the world at the ambassadorial congresses with the Chinese great ambassadors, the great and plenipotentiary ambassador and governor, and punitive affairs by the voivode, silver ore was found in the Nerchinsk prison at the Argun river, on the Mingucha river (r. Mungach). ... sent to Moscow of that ore ... two hundred and seventy poods, from which came a clean scraper six poods twenty-four pounds. It was the first silver in Russia, and the first mining in Transbaikalia.
More than 400 mineral springs have been explored on the territory of the Chita region - hot and cold, acidic and alkaline, sulfuric and ferruginous. Some of the samples are superior in quality to the world famous counterparts.
In St. Petersburg, on the Vyborg side and in Chita, on the Chernovsky mines there is a street named after I. Nazara Gubin. The Chernovsky miner repeated the feat of Captain Gastello in the battles for St. Petersburg (Leningrad) during the Great Patriotic War.
It is impossible not to attribute the visits of the leaders of our country to remarkable facts. By the way, the country's leadership was extremely reluctant to come to Chita. It is obvious that the city and its population were of very little interest (and interest) to our authorities.
If we do not take into account the visit of Nicholas II (then still the heir to the Throne) (1894), then in 1978 there was Comrade Leonid Brezhnev in Chita, about which there was once a whole photo exhibition in the museum of local lore. And finally, the then President of the RSFSR, Comrade (?) B.N. Yeltsin, in 1990 was a flight and at the airport of the city had a conversation with the then leader of the region, Comrade N.I. Malkov.
It must be admitted, however, that, unlike the presidents and general secretaries, various military leaders are immeasurably more often in Chita, but it’s apparently impossible for them to get away from this responsibility.
Information provided by: Evgeny Ananyin
The first tin in the Russian Empire was mined at the Primordial Mine, later named "Ononskoe", along a nearby river. Now this place is the station Olovyannaya, Olovyanninsky district of the Chita region.
The Klichka mine of the Priargunsky district bears the name of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia Frantishek Mikolaush Klichka, the former head of the Nerchinsk plants.
The territory of the Chita region is 431.5 thousand sq. km. This is more than all of Italy, Japan or England, or 3/4 of France.
The following religious organizations operate in the Chita region:
Orthodox Christians
Old Believers
Buddhists
Muslims
New Apostolic Church
Seventh-day Adventists
Evangelical Christian Baptists
Jehovah witnesses
Christians of Evangelical Faith
Hare Krishna Vaishnava
Followers of the Bahá'í Faith
Based on materials from the site http://oldchita.megalink.ru/
Fabulous, unreal, bizarre, striking in their beauty - each of them is like a work of art embodied in reality.
The beautiful is near. The journalist of the newspaper "Zabaikalsky Rabochy" brings to your attention a selection of the most beautiful places of Transbaikalia, where you should visit.
At any time of the year, the forests of Transbaikalia are a work of art of Nature. In our region there are both pine forests and mixed forests, where you can find larch, aspen, birch and shrubs, and at the end of March - snowdrops covering our fields with a blue carpet. However, our forest becomes truly beautiful in late April - early May, when the Daursky rhododendron, or wild rosemary, as the inhabitants of the region affectionately call the shrub, blooms everywhere with a pink fire. It is listed in the Red Book and is rightfully considered one of the wonders of Transbaikalia.
It is worth special attention. Each lake has a unique, in its own way special beauty and charm, so we recommend visiting each of them.
Arakhley is the most big lake The Ivano-Arakhlei system of lakes, which is distinguished by the greatest depth - in some places it reaches 20 meters. The bottom and the beach of the lake are sandy, and in summer there is a real full house on the shores of Arakhley. In the lake you can find perches, pikes and chebaks, which makes the lake a favorite place for fishermen. Anyway, having been there at least once, I want to return there again and again. And what kind of sunsets are there ...
Lake Shakshinskoye, or Shaksha
The second largest lake of the Ivano-Arakhlei system after Arakhley with sandy shores and well-warming water. The waters of Shaksha are inhabited by roach, perch, dace, pike, crucian carp, peled, bream, carp and catfish. Due to the abundance of fish and warm water in summer, the lake welcomes guests all year round, allowing us to admire its unique beauty.
Another lake of this system. Of all the names of the lakes of the Trans-Baikal Territory, the most noteworthy is the origin of the lake with a completely Russian name Ivan. According to legend, in order to deceive the evil spirits who take away children's lives, parents tried to choose names that were unusual and unusual for Buryats. And so, near one of the lakes there lived Buryats Munko Udoev, whose children often died. Trying to preserve the offspring, the father named his next son Ivan. Tradition says that at that time a disgraced priest named Ivan was wandering by the lake. Munko's son grew up and turned out to be more fortunate than his father, raising ten sons. The children grew up and began to live around the lake, which people called Ivan-Nuur, that is, Ivan-lake.
On the territory of the Trans-Baikal Territory there is a unique national park , which is a cultural heritage site and home to endemic plant and animal species. On the territory of this park, you can find more than 120 species of various animals, of which some species are listed in the Red Book - such as the black stork, bustard and golden eagle. The complex includes more than 20 cultural sites, among which the most famous and revered are Maanin Shuluun (stone stele with a carved Tibetan text of the mantra), Dimchig Sume (Temple of God Dimchig - the master of the mountain), Nara Hajad (Heavenly Musician), Uuden Sume (Temple of the Gate) , Dorje Pagmyn Sume (Temple of the Diamond Queen - the wife of the owner of the mountain), "The Crevice of Sinners", Ehyn Umai (Mother's Womb), Zurkhen Shuluun (Stone Heart), Khoreo Shuluun (Stone Fence) and many others. One of the most important natural and cult sites is the top of Alkhanay. Walking route throughout the park takes about 5 days. The waters from the springs - the arshan are considered holy and are used for medicinal purposes, there are also clinics in the park.
surrounded by pine forests, located at an altitude of 966 meters above sea level, featuring magnificent landscapes. The waters of the lake have healing properties - they contain potassium, silicic acid, bromine, fluorine, lithium and other active elements. The work carried out by the Chita physicians showed that the waters and muds of the Areya have an excellent therapeutic effect and are indicated for the treatment of dermatitis and trophic ulcers. Currently, the mud is used by the Molokovka health resort.
5. Karpovskie rapids, upper river. Karpovka
Stunning stone rapids and frothing ice-cold water reminiscent of milk - this miracle can be seen with your own eyes, having visited the Karpovsky rapids. The waters of the Karpovka River have a constant temperature of -2 degrees Celsius and do not warm up even in summer.
One of the many rivers of Transbaikalia, cutting through the Chersky ridge, with a turbulent current and cold water, in which you can see grayling galloping on the rapids. In the upper reaches of Nikishikha there is a zoological reserve, and where the river passes through the ridge, a climbing wall was recently built, where you can go with your family and, under the guidance of experienced instructors, conquer the rocks of the ridge.
Archaeological site of the Trans-Baikal Territory during the early Paleozoic. Local historians claim that this place owes its name to an unhappy officer by the name of Sukhotin, who was brought to the top of the formidable rocks by alcohol and unhappy love. He threw himself down and smashed against the stones, which Ingoda sharpens day and night, and a group of rocks and a section of the forest around were named Sukhotino. In order to visit there, it is enough to take a minibus to the Klyuchi plant and go up the river to the slope. All beauty is on the cliff. The rocks are piled above Ingoda to a height of 100 meters, and sitting on the top you can watch the slow and measured flow of the river, hear its quiet distant lapping, enjoy the view of the hills and breathe the cleanest air.
The widest, deepest river flowing in the Chita region. It is a pleasure to observe its changeable character - in some places it demonstrates a stormy disposition, quickly running along the rifts, and somewhere slowly and calmly carries its waters in a mirror-like surface so that the current is almost imperceptible. Ingoda is beautiful at any time of the year, the photo is captured in the winter tranquility of sleeping under a thick cover of an ice blanket.
The Trans-Baikal Territory is located in the eastern zone of Transbaikalia. Part of the Historical and natural monuments the Trans-Baikal Territory is famous, attractions in this place are at every turn. The area of \u200b\u200bthis territory is 2.52% of the area of \u200b\u200bthe Russian Federation. Everything here conquers with its scale and uniqueness. The main attractions of the Trans-Baikal Territory constantly attract tourists. At all times, people were amazed by the variety of relief, natural beauty and
Attractions of the Trans-Baikal Territory
A photo describing these beautiful places can be found in the article. But it is best to visit Transbaikalia personally. This is the only way to feel the greatness of nature, the height of mountain peaks and the vastness of the steppes. Tourists are recommended to visit such places:
- Sokhondinsky reserve;
- lake Arey;
- alkhanay National Park;
- ridge Kodar;
- Butinsky Palace;
- numerous museums.
Sokhondinsky reserve
In this reserved place, nature is striking in its diversity. It connects several ecological systems:
- taiga;
- steppe;
- swamps;
- mountain tundra.
The length of the reserve is 211 thousand hectares. It is located on the Khentei-Chikoiskiy highlands with the Sokhondo mountain range. Sokhondo char is the oldest volcano. Its slopes delight with the whimsical forms.
This place is characterized by dry and little snowy winters. The climate is continental. There are many lakes of glacial origin here. Their depth is more than twenty meters. Plankton and algae do not take root in them, in this regard, they are famous for their transparency, the water there is with a light blue tint.
In the Sokhondinsky reserve, rivers such as the Selenga, Amur, Angara, Yenisei take their source. It is noteworthy that they belong to the basins of different oceans. Amur belongs to the Pacific Ocean, and Selenga, Yenisei, Angara - to the Arctic.
In these parts of the world grow rare plants, which are included in the Red Book, such as a leafless napkin, a real slipper, a large-flowered slipper, a smooth iris, a spotted slipper, a Siberian apricot, a dwarf lily and a Pennsylvanian lily, an Altai onion, Ayan lumbago, a couple of Rhodiola species.
Captivates with its diversity and animal world... On this moment it was found that 255 species of various birds, 67 mammals, three species of amphibians, four - reptiles, eight - fish and 1200 - arthropods live in.
Arey lake
This reservoir is a hydrological natural monument. If we talk about the Trans-Baikal Territory, the photos of which are in this article, first of all it is worth mentioning this wonderful lake. His fame is due to a combination of a number of factors:
- the lake impresses with the variety and quantity of fish, which is undoubtedly a huge plus for avid fishermen;
- the waters of Areya contain a lot of oxygen, but are poorly mineralized;
- mud at the bottom has healing qualities, eliminates numerous skin diseases;
- on the southern coast there are huge anthills built by northern ants, some of the structures are 2-3 meters in diameter;
- at the very bottom of Areas grows a unique Arean potato, it cures diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Alkhanay National Park
"Alkhanay" is located on the territory of the Duldurga region. It is famous for its natural beauty. The whole nature of this place is saturated with legends and beliefs. From the earliest years the Buryat-Mongol tribes cultivated in their descendants a love for this land. They called for the unity of a person with the outside world. In 1991, the head of the Buddhist clergy, the Dalai Lama, consecrated this land with his presence.
Every day, interest in the Alkhanay National Park is growing. A huge number of believers come here to worship sacred places and bathe in healing springs.
But the Trans-Baikal Territory can be proud not only of natural monuments. Historical sights are also striking in their uniqueness.
Transbaikal Alps - Kodar
This amazing place is located in the north of Transbaikalia. First of all, the Kodar ridge attracts tourists here. This is the highest point of Transbaikalia, a peak with a height of 3073 meters. The Kodar ridge clearly stands out among the highlands and middle mountains of Transbaikalia. Kodar is the "Trans-Baikal Alps". A traveler of any level can choose a route that suits his difficulty.
Butinsky Palace
This palace belonged to the noble Butin family, who built unique and inimitable buildings for various purposes in the city of Nerchinsk. If you study the sights of the Trans-Baikal Territory, it will become clear that the Butin Palace is undoubtedly the pride of the city of Nerchinsk.
A unique piece of the palace is a Venetian mirror. They say that there is no such huge thing in the world anymore. Its dimensions are 4 meters long and 4 meters wide. To put it inside, they even took apart the roof. The palace is also famous for its garden. Here you can find exotic plants that do not grow in the climate of these places.
Museum of the History of the SIBVO Troops
This landmark of the Trans-Baikal Territory was opened for the twentieth anniversary of victory in the Great Patriotic War. At the main doors there is an iron plate on which the names of 1255 Siberian warriors, Heroes of the Soviet Union, are immortalized. Three central halls are dedicated to the historical feat of the Russian people in the Great Patriotic War.
Everyone who goes to the Trans-Baikal Territory must visit these sights. We must pay tribute to the heroic deed of our ancestors.
This is just a part of the places for which the Trans-Baikal Territory is famous. Its attractions can still be listed and enumerated. But it is better to go to this beautiful land and personally visit each of them.
Geography
Located in Eastern Transbaikalia. It borders on the Buryat and Yakut republics, the Irkutsk and Amur regions, Mongolia and China. The Trans-Baikal Territory stretches about a thousand kilometers from north to south and 800-1500 kilometers from west to east.
The main rivers are the Baikal, Lena and Amur basins.
Climate
Despite the internal diversity, in general, the climate of Transbaikalia is sharply continental - harsh, with severe, long winters and short but warm summers, and this is despite the fact that this region is located at the latitudes of Belarus and Ukraine.
The severity of the climate here is due to the fact that Transbaikalia is located in the center of the vast Asian continent at a great distance from the oceans and seas, on the one hand, and, on the other, by a significant elevation above sea level and the prevalence of a dissected mountain-basin relief.
Average January temperature: -28.3 ° С.
Average July temperature: + 18.8 ° С.
Administrative territorial structure
The structure of the Trans-Baikal Territory includes the Aginsky Buryat District, 31 districts (Aginsky, Akshinsky, Aleksandrovo-Zavodsky, Baleisky, Borzinsky, Gazimuro-Zavodsky, Duldurginsky, Zabaikalsky, Kalarsky, Kalgan, Karymsky, Krasnokamensky, Krasnochikoisky, Kyrinsky, Mogoytuisky, Mogochinsky, Nerchinsko-Zavodsky, Olovyanninsky, Ononsky, Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky, Priargunsky, Sretensky, Tungiro-Olekminsky, Tungokochensky, Uletovsky, Khiloksky, Chernyshevsky, Chita, Shelopuginsky, Shilkinsky), 10 cities (Chita, Zabaykrovsk, Nizhny Novgorod) Shilka, Baley, Mogocha, Khilok, Sretensk) and 45 villages.
Population
Ethnic composition: Russians 89.80%, Buryats 6.10%, Ukrainians 1.03%, Tatars 0.71%, Armenians 0.31%, Belarusians 0.26%, other 0.23%. The number of men is 558 thousand people, the number of women is 596 thousand people. Urbanization 63.9%
Flora and fauna
The unique flora and fauna of the Zabaikalsky National Park, on the territory of which there is the largest seal rookery on Lake Baikal and noisy bird colonies, invariably arouse the interest of scientists; the park is especially popular. In the park, you can find such rare, listed in the Red Book, bird species such as whooper swan, black crane and black stork, peregrine falcon and white-tailed eagle.
Economy
Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering (car assembly plant, mining equipment plant), electric power industry (Chita and Kharanorskaya state district power stations), coal and light industry (worsted and cloth combine) are developed in the region.
The region is a large agricultural region east of Lake Baikal, specialized in fine-wool sheep breeding. Meat and dairy and beef cattle breeding, partly pig breeding, poultry farming are also developed. Plant growing takes place, the main sown areas are concentrated in the central, southern and southeastern regions. Hunting is developed in the mountain taiga and northern regions.
Transbaikalia is significantly removed from the western part of the country, at the same time it is close to the Russian Far East and occupies a key position on the way to the Pacific Ocean and countries south-East Asia... Distance by railroad from Chita to Moscow - 6074 km, Yekaterinburg - 4386, Novosibirsk - 2861, Khabarovsk - 3327, Irkutsk - 1013 km.
Minerals
Non-ferrous and precious metals, iron ore, coal, fluorspar, various construction materials. The most famous deposits: polymetallic ores - Novoshirokinskoe; copper ores - Udokan; titanium-magnetite ores - Kruchininskoe; coal - Kharanorskoe.
This land is truly amazing! Nature has generously endowed the Chita region. Everything in Transbaikalia is grandiose and large-scale: full of riches underground storerooms, ocean green taiga, endless spaces steppes, mighty and deep rivers, cool mountain peaks, hillswrapped in lilac rosemary, the purest water healing springs, the richest variety vegetable and animal world... These lands, steeped in myths and legends, are fabulously beautiful, mysterious and very attractive for tourists.Chita region located on southeast Siberiaoccupying an important geopolitical position. The area has state border with two states at once - China and Mongolia, almost 2 thousand kilometers long. The main transport arteries to the eastern borders of our country: Transsib, highway "Chita - Khabarovsk"... About 70% of dry cargo transportation between Russia and China is carried out through the border village of Zabaikalsk.
Hills, steppe, taiga: Transbaikalia
inaccessible taiga and dull swampy mari, mountains with glaciers and steppes with the richest forbs, mountain rivers and picturesque lakes
Transbaikalia , including its significant part occupied by Chita region and located within it Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug, belongs to the category of special territories of our country and the planet as a whole. This is primarily due to its geographic location in the center of Eurasia, a complex and long geological history, which led to the widest variety of natural landscape complexes, the richest ore provinces and innumerable natural resources.- Transbaikalia is beyond Baikal,
This is where the hills and taiga are.
This is where there is snow on the passes,
Where a blizzard rages in winter.
Transbaikalia - severe frosts,
The earth is wrapped in frost and snow.
In fur coats of snowy pine and birch,
The fields are sleeping under the cover of snow.
Here spring paints the hills with wild rosemary,
In the blue sky, a haze of clouds,
And in the taiga, barely visible paths
Will lead to crystal springs
Everything here is taken by a heroic measure -
The breadth of fields, valleys, lakes,
And hilly steppes, immense,
Clean rivers, magnificent mountains.
L. Vavilova
By the number of unique mineral springs, the Chita region is ahead of many regions of Russia
Transbaikalia is a taiga land. Combination of harsh climate with beauty mountain taiga blooming steppes , green meadows, intermontane depressions , unique landscapes of snow mountains against the background of the always high blue sky, with an abundance mountain rivers and blue lakes creates an unusually attractive natural environment. There is everything that Russia is rich in: hard-to-reach taiga and dull swampy mari, mountains with glaciers and steppes with the richest herbs, mountain rivers and picturesque lakes, unique mineral springs .
In terms of the number of mineral springs, the Chita region is ahead of many regions of Russia. Their abundance is associated with the peculiarities of the geological structure and the activity of endogenous processes occurring in the region. On the base 7 sources act resorts: "Darasun", "Cook", "Molokovka", "Shivanda", "Yamarovka", "Yamkun", "Urguchan" .
Mineral resource base The Chita region is unique. In the Kalarsky district in the north of the region, several deposits of a global scale are concentrated in a relatively small area: almost all of them are the largest in the world. Here accounted for about 300 deposits, explored - 18.
Half of the Trans-Baikal relief is occupied by the mountains more than 1000 meters high. There are practically no lowlands on the map of the region, but there are hilly fertile plains . Mountain ranges Transbaikalians call hills , and intermountain valleys padami ... The peaks and slopes of the ridges are occupied by a cedar. Transbaikal birch grows at the edges of the forest. Majestic Apple ridge , which in translation from Buryat means "pass", approaches with its spurs to a huge plain, in which, as in a saucer, the regional center of Chita is located with its surroundings and suburbs.
- Let others interpret, why is it, why is it not?
Just whatever happens to me,
I am firmly convinced: Chita is the one
With whom my heart has long been akin.
There are famous cities on the planet,
Cities - anywhere.
Let the years pass
Like your waves, Ingoda.
Only I can't get away from Chita.
Never ever.
Like dawn over Russia, she is young.
As the wife of a Decembrist, proud.
We are familiar with Chita - how many winters, how many years!
Will I go to the east, or to the west, -
Everything will seem to me: comes after
There is an infused smell on the wild rosemary.
I don’t believe the vows given in the heat of the moment
It's not easy to get used to cities.
Just how to forget those friends that you met
At Chita's native crossroads?
Yu. Goldman "Song of Chita"
"Chitinka" is the Chita river. A diminutive nickname for this left tributary of the Ingoda was given locals... Its waters are inhabited taimen, lenok, grayling, burbot, minnow, gudgeon ... Comes in in the spring amur ide , fondly called by local fishermen "chebachok". There is a kind of small spotted catfish , sometimes comes across lip-horse , belonging to the fish fauna of China.
Cool places
For most residents of the European part of Russia "Transbaikalia" sounds almost like "Through the looking glass" - the country is incomprehensible, and by and large, unknown. Marvelous rivers, streams, side rivulets, springs this region is known, and everyone has their own characters. Either their waters are quiet and soft, now they are iridescently ringing with their crystal streams, now they rush with some kind of frenzy, stubborn and fearless, now they lure with their charm and mystery. Vitim, Ingoda, Onon, Shilka, Argun, Olenek, Selenga, Khilok, Chikoy, Menza All of them can not be counted, because they are not in number.For the fishermen of Transbaikalia, the word Chikoy sounds like an alarm. Still would! There are found taimen, lenok, burbot, grayling, whitefish
, many other equally attractive fish. And fishing in the wilderness, from the ice, on the deserted upper reaches of the Chikoi, fabulously rich in animals and fish - this is generally a special conversation ... southeast Chita region, not far from the Mongolian border, near the Burun-Shibertuy char, which is considered the crown of the Chikoysky highlands, and, gaining strength, "Rushing with a roar among stones, stunted dwarf birch and mosses, in a hurry to treat distant Baikal with melted snows", as a Chita citizen wrote about her Nikolay Yankov
... In the upper reaches, the river makes a bend, bends around the spurs of the Malkhansky ridge from the south, near the village of Baikhor, Krasnochikoiskiy district, the legendary Menza joins it, which in turn is replenished with water from the fabulously fishy side river Burkel. Then the Chikoya channel passes on the border with Mongolia and at the Buryat village of Bolshoi Kudar turns to the north-west to join the Selenga waters south of Novoselenginsk.
The dream of every fisherman in the Chita region is to go fishing in the upper reaches of the Chikoy, which is conventionally divided into crowded and deserted. In the first case, we mean a section of the right bank where typical Trans-Baikal settlements are located - Menza, Baikhor, Krasny Chikoy, Cheremkhovo, Bolshakovka, Zakharovka, Osinovka, Shimbelik, Ust-Yamarovka and others; in the second, it is customary to start counting the uninhabited upper reaches of the Chikoy from the settlement of Povarnya, which is 4 km southeast of Yadrikhino, the last inhabited settlement adjacent to the river. From here begins a real, complete lack of people - no barking of a dog, no cry of a rooster, - ringing silence.
Among the regulars of river pits and reaches, only they understandable expressions exist: "Yesterday we were on the" pipe "in the morning - empty"... Or: “We drove to Ugdan, then to Rucheyki - nothing, but on Avdea I took it well.... Expressions "Streams" or "Avdey" Is georeferencing to the river, and here "On top" or "Down" - clean fishing terminology. "On top" - means all types of riding gear and lures. "Ship" which is called here "Sledging", equipped with dry mount or wet diving flies. Or a pseudo-fishing rod, that is, a rod with a reel in its mood, a heavy float - a "carrot" and four or five riding flies. Sometimes this tackle is simplified. The "carrot" is removed, and only one dry "fly" is left. They fish with such a tackle "on top" or with a little lure.
Transbaikal nature
Almost a third of the region's territory is occupied by icy northern ridges... The vertex of one of them (at b\u003e ridge Kodar) reaches 3072 m.Zone permafrost, glacial lakes, extinct volcanoes, canyon-like valleys, deep gorges, peat bogs, swamps and mari, sharp peaks of ridges covered with dark larch forest - all this creates a magnificent, original flavor of the Trans-Baikal north.
The varied relief gives rise to different rivers. Flowing among the ridges - swift and abound rapids and ripples... Calm rivers flow in the valleys like the muddy yellow Argun , or shipping Shilka ... Many rivers turn into roads in winter, or "Winter roads", as they are called by the Transbaikal people. In remote taiga northern villages, except by helicopter, you can deliver goods only by freezing Tungira and Olekma .
The fauna of the Chita region includes 500 kinds vertebrates, of which more than 80 mammals ... The region is rich a commercial fur animal (about 25 types): wolverine, red and black-brown fox, corsac, badger, muskrat, hare, otter... Among ungulates first place in terms of number is roe, then - wild boar, elk, red deer... World feathered counts more than 350 types... In the forests are found black grouse, wood grouse, hazel grouse... On the lakes - mallards, dives, mergansers, geese, gray swans... In the Transbaikal reservoirs more than 60 types fish ... The northern lakes are home to a delicious whitefish.
On the territory of the region about 15 thousand lakes.
In 1994, in the border areas of the Chita region, international reserve "Dauria"... Located almost in the center of the Daurian steppe ecoregion, included by the World Wildlife Fund among 200 ecoregions of the world globally significant for the preservation of life on Earth, the international reserve has become a leading center for the study and conservation of the nature of Dauria. This corner of Asia is filled with a unique scent Daurian steppe - the cradle of nomads and the homeland of the formidable Genghis Khan.
Dauria - historical, geographical area in Eastern Transbaikalia and partly in Amur region... Daurian Land - russian name Priamurye in the 17th century, after the 17th century the name Dauria was preserved in physical geography Transbaikalia. Baikal Dauria occupies the territory from Lake Baikal to Yablonovy ridge, Nerchinsk Dauria located east of Yablonovy ridge, and Selenginskaya Dauria - in the pool selenga river... The name Dauria comes from the name of the people daurs, or dakhurs, which lived in the 17th century in Eastern Transbaikalia and along the Amur. The Daurs are believed to be Mongolized Tungus. The first news about the Dauras in Russian sources appeared in 1641: "Up the Vitim and up to Yarovnya (Yeravna) lakes on both sides of the Vitim river, Daurian horsemen are many people ..."
Pine forest in the Onon district of Tsirik-Narasun declared a natural monument
Flora of the “Dauria” reserve represents the species diversity of plants. Here they are known about 1800 species... Over 70% of the region's forests are larch... She is both the main building material and the main decoration of the landscape. Pine forest in the Ononsky district of Tsirik-Narasun (translated from Buryat as “pine army”) has been declared a natural monument. These pines are 400 years old. Dauria greets with the joyful blue of its skies, the gentle outlines of the mountains and the colorful blanket of their steppe and meadow grasses. Under the ledge of a high terrace the Nerch river hides a small elm grove of elma squat... Ilma in Dauria is relics an era with a milder climate. There are many species under the canopy of elms herbs ... Lots of wormwood... So many Red Book lady's shoes, how in Gazimur-Budyumkan Dauria , is not found anywhere else. Even in the reserves of the Primorsky Territory there is no such abundance of venus shoes.It is in this reserve that especially significant or key nesting sites and stopping places during migration of more than 20 species birds listed on the IUCN Red List as Globally Vulnerable. In general, in Dauria, there are several tens of millions of birds of more than 350 species on migration. The Daurian ecoregion is of key importance for the preservation of gazelle - the only wild antelope in northeast Asia, more than 90% of the population of which also lives here. In Dauria, large steppe areas have been well preserved, densely dotted with many lakes of different sizes.
Priargunye is a unique and mysterious country, located on southeast Chita region. Main water artery territories - border with China (740 km) argun river from tributaries Urulyunguy, Sredny Borzya, Kalga, Urov, Uryumkan and Gazimur ... Argun originates in Manchuria, where it is called Hailar. In the middle reaches, the floodplain of the river reaches two to three kilometers, and the river itself is divided into numerous branches, separated by many islets overgrown with willow and tall grass. In summer, many waterfowl live here. Below the Urov river, the Argun valley is a wide forest lowland. And only not far from the mouth of the Khingan spurs from the south and the spurs of the Nerchisk ridge from the north compress the channel of the Argun, and it flows in steep steep banks. In the valley of the Urulyungui River at the mouth of the Khirkhira, not far from the village of Ust-Tasurkay ruins are located Khirkhirinsky ancient Mongolian city - the military-administrative center, the residence of the Mongolian feudal lord, the noble ruler of Chinggisid Jochi-Kasar. A road running along the left bank of the Urulyungui passes through the city. The city consists of the remains of a palace, a number of fortified estates of the nobility, representatives of the aristocracy and many ruins of houses of ordinary townspeople - artisans and merchants. During the excavation of the palace, covered with gray tiles and a floor lined with gray bricks, dishes of ancient Mongolian origin were found, similar to those of the Karakorum - the headquarters of the Mongol feudal lords. The discs of the upper roof tiles are decorated with a beetle-like relief pattern.
In the old days argun horse Cossacks of the villages of Duroya, Kailasutuya and Abagaytuya , according to old-timers, recorded in 1876 by one of the visiting merchants "Lived happily ever after"... They were engaged arable farming and animal husbandry, bred bees... The poorest Cossack had at least ten head of cattle, but Argun was the main breadwinner. The fish, which was beaten with the spear, was abundant, however, as well as birds. The fish was taken to the surrounding villages to the pedestrian Cossacks or to the Nerchinsky and Aleksandrovsky Zavody and exchanged for bread and goods with great profit.
The village of Staryi Tsurukhaytui is called the most beautiful and one of the oldest Russian villages not only in the Priargunsky region, but in the entire Eastern Transbaikalia
Most villages of Priargunya - old. Their names also attract with their mysteriousness and uniqueness: Byrka, Zorgol, Mankechur, Dosatui, Nickname other. Each of them has its own rich history, for example Nickname. In 1828, the Decembrist Ivan Sukhinov, exiled to Gorny Zerentui, tried to organize a conspiracy, in which the prisoners of the Klichkin mine were involved. The conspiracy was uncovered because a traitor was among the rebels. Located on the Argun river border village Old Tsuruhaytui is called the most beautiful and one of the oldest Russian villages not only in the Priargunsky region, but in the entire Eastern Transbaikalia. It was founded as a border guard by Savva Raguzinsky, who concluded the Burinsky Treaty with China in 1728. In the summer of the same year, Border Commissioner Burtsev signed a treaty with the Chinese side on the election of Tsuruhaitui as a place for border bargaining. Tsuruhaituy translated from the local dialect means "Pike place"... The village was so named because in the old days Argun, washing the picturesque high bank of the village, was unusually rich in fish.
Within the territory of Kalarsky district is one of the attractions Charskaya depression sandy massif Charskie sands, stretching from the southwest to the northeast in the direction of the prevailing winds for 10.5 km with a width of up to 4 km. There are no such large accumulations of free-flowing moving sands in any basin of Transbaikalia.
Here in the Kalarsky region, in a small intermontane depression, the Chepe volcano is located. Extinct volcanoes Udokana were discovered by the Irkutsk geologist V.P. Solonenko in 1961. Outlets are located at the foot of the Chepe volcano mineral springs of which the most interesting Golden Cascade ... Its waters, flowing down a stepped bed, deposit a bright golden-yellow ocher. In some places, the thickness of its layers reaches 1 m. On a sunny day, the spring water flowing down the ocher bed gives the impression of a golden cascade.
Within the territory of Chita region, in the Chita river valley is Avdeysky Bulgunnyakh... Bulgunnyakh is the Yakut name for large swelling mounds - hydrolaccoliths that arise when lacustrine basins with drained or peat-filled lakes, located in closed depressions in the areas of permafrost development, freeze. The core of hydrolaccolith consists of frozen ground, 45 m high and 100 m in diameter, interlayered with ice.
On the left bank of the Daya River, in 2 km from the Shiviya - Daya highway located the only thing on Russian territory the location of the remains of various early Cretaceous insects (linseus, shchitny, anostraki ) unique preservation... Among them are representatives of the biota of ephemeral water bodies. Various sediments are exposed in the coastal cliff.
Within Aginsko-Buryat region on Borshchovo ridge Loch Alkhanay is located. He is ancient strato-volcano ... Its height is 1663 m. There are many interesting forms of weathering, among which a rocky outlier in the form of a gate is especially famous. There is an exit at the char. cold mineral springs Dimchik-god and Nine gutters.
Sokhondinsky Reserve is a standard of the unique nature of South Transbaikalia
Sokhondinsky reserve - the pearl of the Trans-Baikal Territory. It is located in the south of the Chita region and is the standard of the unique nature of Southern Transbaikalia. The uniqueness of the reserve, primarily in diversity his landscapes ... Here, in a relatively small area, are concentrated characteristic of Transbaikalia steppe, taiga, mountain tundra, transzonal (meadows, swamps, lakes, etc.) communities... The surroundings of the reserve are occupied steppe areas ... When climbing mountains, various types forests replace each other. Birch, pine, larch, fir, Siberian cedar and cedar elfin form the diversity of the forest belt. There are 135 species lichens.The highest altitudes above sea level are reached big Sokhondo charr (2 505 m) and Small Sokhondo (2 404 m). The name of the char and the reserve probably comes from evenki or buryat languageswhere the words "Soho" or "Choco" matter "Top, head"... Therefore, it is not surprising that the highest peak in this mountain range received such a name. The snow that falls in the winter melts slowly, therefore, in the mountains, even in the second half of the summer, you can find unmelted white fields - snowfields. Here, in the highlands, traces of the activity of former glaciers are clearly visible: moraine ridges (accumulations of loose material accumulated by glaciers during their movement and plowing the bed), kars (or "circuses" - bowl-shaped depressions in the upper part of the mountains (above the snow border), formed under the impact of glaciers, snowfields and frost weathering), lakes of glacial origin.
Especially picturesque Bakukun lake which became "Business card" reserve. It is located at an altitude of 1892 m above sea level. Over the shores of the lake hang steep, devoid of vegetation walls of the kara, once formed by a glacier. The height of the walls is more than 500 m. The lake, like a dam, is dammed up by a moraine wall. Lives in the icy waters of Lake Baku lenok... It is a rare occasion for a typical river fish to settle in a lake.
The flora and fauna of the reserve are extremely diverse. This is due, first of all, to the mountainous relief of the territory, due to which here, at a short distance from each other, they can be found steppe, forest and alpine plant species and animals... In the Sokhondinsky Nature Reserve you can find many alpine plants... A significant part of them are picturesque, beautifully flowering species, which add special color to the alpine lawns of subalpine and loach.
Sokhondo is a reference area of \u200b\u200bthe southern Siberian taiga, the biodiversity of which is practically not affected by humans
At first glance, the fauna of the Sokhondinsky Reserve does not stand out for anything special. For example, many animals common in Transbaikalia are protected on its territory: fox, sable, ermine, weasel, brown bear, Siberian roe deer, Siberian musk deer, wild boar, squirrel, white hare, wood grouse, hazel grouse, nutcracker... However, the uniqueness of this place is that Sokhondo is one of the few reference areas of the southern Siberian taiga, the biodiversity of which is practically not affected by humans. It is no coincidence that in 1985 the reserve received the status biosphere (biosphere reserve
), which emphasizes the importance of the territory for the preservation and study of the state of the biosphere of our planet as a whole.
In addition, the importance of the Sokhondinsky taiga lies in the fact that many transbaikal rivers... Passes through the reserve section of the Great World Dividewhere the rivers belonging to basins of the Pacific and Arctic oceans: Ingoda, tributaries of the Onon
and Chikoya
.
On the territory of the reserve and its environs, 923 species and subspecies were recorded higher vascular plants
, 8 types fish
, 3 - amphibians
, 4 - reptiles
, 257 species birds
and 67 types mammals
... More than 2300 species have also been registered insects
and arachnids
.
In the nature reserve taken under protection
71 species of plants, fungi and lichens, 10 species of mammals, 36 species of birds and 17 species of insects listed in the Red Book of the Chita Region and the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug, 29 species of mammals and birds (including such as the white-tailed eagle, Daurian crane , Black Demoiselle Crane, Black Stork, Kloktun, Greater Spotted Eagle, Imperial Eagle, Golden Eagle, Saker Falcon, Peregrine Falcon, Owl) are protected at the international or all-Russian level.
Transbaikalia - an unknown land
European civilization learned about Transbaikalia only in the second half XVII century... Everything that lay beyond the Urals, the Russian Europeans called Eastern Tatarstan... From here, from the Onon River, Genghis Khan's great campaign of conquest to Europe began. In 1650, a detachment of Cossacks led by Erofei Khabarov, moving against the current of the Olekma and Tungir, reached places slightly below the confluence of the Argun and Shilka rivers. The Russians named the unknown country Dauria by the name of the tribes that have long lived here daurov ... In the fall of 1653, the leader of the Cossack detachment, Pyotr Beketov, sent from Yeniseisk with the Tsar's decree, built here the Irgen and Nerchinsk forts. Thus, Russian statehood was established in Eastern Transbaikalia, and the huge region became part of Great Russia. By the beginning of the 19th century, the Daurian land was already quite inhabited, and its borders were more extensive. In 1851, by the Imperial Decree of Emperor Nicholas I, the Trans-Baikal Region was created, and the town of Chita was elevated to the status of a regional city. In 1918, after the establishment of Soviet power, the region was renamed into the Trans-Baikal province. In 1920, the Far Eastern Republic was formed with its capital in Chita. Since 1922, the territory of Eastern Transbaikalia has changed its status. Its new history began on September 26, 1937, when the Chita Region was established by the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR.The first geographical ideas about Transbaikalia Europeans received from travelers who visited Central Asia in the VII-XV centuries. The Europeans needed to know what danger threatens them from the east. The colonization of Siberia in the 16th-17th centuries enriched regional geography with knowledge about peoples and their settlement, natural resources, communication routes and obstacles to them, settlement conditions, and much more. Information about the areas of new settlement in Transbaikalia was concentrated in the Yenisei, Yakut and Nerchinsk governors, as well as in the Siberian order in Moscow. The pinnacle of the geography of eastern Asia was the works of the ambassador to China N. G. Spafari, published later in the book "Siberia and China."
Spafari (Milescu) Nikolay Gavrilovich (1635-1709) russian diplomat . “The book, and in it is written a journey through the Siberian kingdom from the city of Tobolsk to the turn of the Chinese summer 7183, the Mayan month on the 3rd day. And this book was written when, by the decree of the great sovereign, tsar and grand duke Alexei Mikhailovich, the autocrat of all the Great and Small and White of Russia, Nikolai Spafari was released from Moscow to the Chinese state "... This was the title of the book of the Moldavian writer Nikolai Milescu (Spa-fariya), a traveler, a scientist who took Russian citizenship in 1673, in the "List of articles" named by the Russian name Nikolai Gavrilovich. In 1675-1678, Spafari performed a diplomatic mission in China, as an envoy of the Russian Tsar. The Spafarii embassy consisted of 150 people. The guides were local Cossacks who knew the way well. The ambassador described in detail the areas, rivers, rivulets, occupations of people ( "They hunt sables and sables better than those"), forts encountered on the way. “… We drove through the great and forest ridges, and then the steppe, and arrived at the small river Chita and spent the night by that river. And the Chita river flows out of the stone mountains and flows into the Ingoda river ... "
Comprehensive the study of the population of Transbaikalia and environment were engaged expeditions of 1768-1772 by Peter Pallas and Georgi organized by the Academy of Sciences. At this time, the meteorological observations in the Nerchinsk plant, geodetic surveys, collection of vast collections of rocks and minerals, plants and animals, household items and cult, handwritten documents, compiled the first dictionaries... In the middle of the 19th century, the General Staff (Transbaikal Expedition, 1849-1952) began to get involved in geographical research. Together with the Geographical Society in 1855-1859. he carried out mapping of the vast territories of Transbaikalia and the Far East. The participation in the expedition of the naturalist G. I. Radde and other scientists gave it a complex character. GI Radde was the first to describe the altitudinal zonation in the mountains. "Map of the Trans-Baikal Region of the Kyakhtinsky City Government" compiled in 1855 colonel A. I. Zaborinsky , reflected ideas about the position of rivers, lakes, mountain peaks, dear, settlements etc. in relation to parallels and meridians.
Buryats - one of the most numerous nationalities inhabiting the territory of Transbaikalia... The formation of the Buryat people as a whole can be imagined as a result of the development and unification of diverse ethnic groups that have been living in the Baikal region for a long time. The first groups of Mongolian-speaking tribes in this region appeared in the 11th century. The tribes moved freely from Baikal to the Gobi Desert. Only with the establishment of the Russian-Chinese border in 1727, this movement stopped, and conditions appeared for the formation of the Buryat people. Many researchers agree that the process of formation and consolidation of the Buryat people began in the 17th century. This is confirmed by archaeological and ethnographic data, according to which it was established that by the XVII-XVIII centuries. most of the indigenous tribes of the Baikal region became part of the formed nationality - the Buryats. According to the very first known buryat chronicles "Balzhan khatanay tukhai durdalga" in 1648 the Buryats agreed to accept the citizenship of the Russian state.
Tunguses ( self-names - Evenks, Orochons) constitute the most representative ethnic community among the small peoples of Siberia and the Far East. The zone of their settlement occupies a gigantic territory from the left bank of the Yenisei River in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. Evenks speak local dialects of the Evenk language, which belongs to the Tungus-Manchu group of the Altai language family. At the beginning of the 20th century, many Evenks from the south of Transbaikalia already called themselves Buryats, considering Buryat their mother tongue. Unlike southern regions, in the north of Transbaikalia, the aboriginal population was more isolated from Russian and Buryat influence, which led to the preservation of cultural continuity. For the Kalar and Tungir-Olekmin groups of Evenks, hunting and reindeer breeding remained the traditional forms of management. In contrast to the Tungokochen and Baunt, located to the south, which are partially employed in gold mining, the Evenks of the north of Transbaikalia have retained their traditional forms of farming.
The edge of contrasts
Transbaikalia is a unique land of amazing contrasts and surprises. Is there and rocky Mountains and powerful ridges, overgrown with magnificent Siberian taiga on the slopesand endless feather-grass steppes... The greatness and wealth of immense Russia is especially tangible among these endless expanses and endless sea taiga spread out under the ever blue sky. No wonder Anton Pavlovich Chekhov passing through Transbaikalia, in their travel notes wrote: “… In Transbaikalia I found everything I wanted: the Caucasus, the Psla valley, the Zvenigorod district, and the Don. During the day you gallop across the Caucasus, at night along the Don steppe, and in the morning you will wake up from a nap, lo and behold - already Poltava province - and so the whole thousand miles. Transbaikalia is magnificent. It is a mixture of Switzerland, Don and Finland. Generally speaking, Siberian poetry begins from Lake Baikal, but there was prose before Lake Baikal. "... These words perfectly express the impression of Transbaikalia as a collective image of Russia. All of her natural map was connected here.Amazing place is on north of the Trans-Baikal Territory... The mountains. Taiga. Eternal Frost. And ... a desert island. Dunes made of yellow sand. They inexorably move along the Chara valley, crushing the forest under them. There are real oases in this desert with lakes with clear water, the shores of which are overgrown with trees. Where did the desert come from among the mountains and taiga? Here's how he talks about it legend .
- “That spring, Kodar woke up hard, painfully. In the daytime he would take off his fur coat, warm himself up under the May sun, and at night northern blizzards would come and whitewash the tops of the mountains. And again Kodar plunges into his blissful sleep. And only in the middle of the month, when mountain streams rushed through the gorges with a wild roar, on the slopes of the ridges a rosemary blazed with a pink fire and a snowdrop turned blue, he finally woke up. At this time, a storm was born in the south of Mongolia in the Gobi Desert. A sand cloud rose into the sky along the black bundles of whirlwinds, and the wind drove it northward. The sun went out. Everything was drowned in darkness. A cloud swam like an ominous shadow over the steppes of Transbaikalia ... But on the threshold of the northern land, she hit her chest on the stone peaks of the loaches, howled from wounds and woke up to the ground like a sandy rain. The sun rose over the mountains. Old man Kodar looked around ... Together with the morning rays of the sun from the Charskaya valley, the song of the Bird came to Kodar's ears. Her voice was amazingly beautiful. It seemed that the sky itself uttered magical sounds ... Now all the inhabitants of the mountains looked forward to every morning. With the rising of the sun, joy came to the northern land. Meanwhile, the forest thickened. In the valleys, belt-high grasses rose, a mute deafness enveloped the mountains. Longing sounded in Bird's voice. Now that she sang, all around was plunged into sadness. This hopeless longing echoed painfully in the heart of Kodar. And he asked: "Tell me, Bird, what are you crying about?" “I was born and raised in the Gobi Desert,” Bird answered him. - The storm threw me into the sky and brought me here, to the taiga land. I cry for the desert, for my homeland. " "What did you find good in the barren sandy land?" - Kodar was surprised. “Motherland and mother are not chosen,” Bird replied. - Great old man, I ask you, show me the way to my native land. "You will return to your homeland, but only in the fall, with caravans of swans." Kodar waved his hand, and a strip of real desert ran across the Chara Valley. Between the dunes, the lakes turned blue, and pines rose on their banks. The Bird landed on the sandy ridge, and joy resounded in her voice again. "
Kodar ridge - "Stone wall", "rock" (translated from Evenk), in which the highest point of the edge of the BAM peak is located, resembles the Alps. And the Udokan ridge, which means "shaman", can be compared to a fantastic alien world: “… Wild mountain peaks, cones of volcanoes, gloomy gorges, endless stone deposits, mineral springs, brightly colored by deposits of red, yellow and orange… There are many legends about these two ridges. There is also such an old Evenk legend. Two fairy giants Kodar and Udokan found a rich treasure in the ground and argued, but could not agree on who should own it. Then they drew tight bows and shot arrows at each other. Both fell down dead. High mountains rose on this place and buried that rich treasure under them ... "
The Kodar glaciers are the only modern mountain glaciers within the Stanovoye Upland. Small hanging and tarn glaciers add a unique character to the landscape, complementing the contrasts in the landscape of the area. Among the six main glaciers located near the highest mark of Kodar (3073m), stands out glacier them. E. Timasheva ... In its snow-white center there is a deep well, into which a waterfall falls down a crack, fed by a lake on a glacier. The Kodar glacier group gives rise to rivers Upper and Middle Sokukan ... The Kodar ridge limits the Chara depression along a clearly expressed tectonic scarp in the relief. The depth of the dissection of the relief reaches 2000 m, multi-centimeter sections are rock walls with a slope of 70-80 degrees. The traces of ancient glaciation are well preserved here: there are many elongated valleys up to 1000-2000 m wide, barred by high ledges - crossbars. In their upper part there are fields of "curly" rocks, in the middle and lower ones - moraine deposits. The large tributaries of the Chara, cutting through the crossbars, form narrow rocky corridors in them. All this gives the area an unusually picturesque flavor.
Originally from Transbaikalia
- A painfully familiar landscape
And to my heart dear opening day.
Birches and pines are standing
Charming and pleasing to the eye
In the paintings of Yuri Kuznetsov, forest rivers and streams flow, bird cherry blossoms, a birch bent over the river, amber sunsets captivate the eye, wild rosemary is blazing with fire, it is raining and autumn enchants us with a fairy tale, and March snow, and the summer landscape and cold winter drawing all in the rays of the sun ...
See all seasons, get from winter to summer, walk in the warm rain, wander along the paths in the birch forest
Yuri Petrovich was born in Chita in 1924. Two wars at once fell on his youth - with Japan and with Germany. When the long-awaited peace reigned, he was able to fulfill his dream by entering the Irkutsk Art School. In 1950, a young teacher of drawing and sketching, Yuri Kuznetsov, appeared at the Chita school number 1. He worked here for almost 30 years. When I retired, I had more time to paint. Painting, graphics, landscapes and even woodcarving casting of art prints. In the paintings, the image of the native land, the bridge over the river, the sunset on the lake. See all seasons at once, get from winter to summer, walk in the warm rain and wander along the paths in the birch forest. This opportunity opens up at exhibitions of paintings by Yuri Kuznetsov.
From the canvases of this artist, where we see slender camps of thin and dear to the heart birches, meadows, sunlit and gold grass, a kind of touching silence and light sadness blows. We see the enchanting region of Transbaikalia with the coolness and depth of the rivers and the gorgeous spreading crowns of huge century-old pines. In the paintings of the Chita artist Yuri Kuznetsov, one can see such a familiar, but never repeating landscape, although birches and pines are present in almost all of his canvases.
- The golden autumn blinds us
And the clouds are melting in the fog.
Ledum is burning with a flame,
The birch speaks with soul.
Roads, pine trees and paths
Glades, thin blades of grass.
Captivate rivers and forests
Nature's wonderful beauty!
Houses, painfully familiar.
I would walk again through the forest, the field,
Where there is peace and quiet
The artist's soul is visible.
Art is the transmission of beauty, grace and culture
Touches the soul and "Rural landscape" written by the artist between Darasun and st. A new one, where a motley herd of cows scattered across the field serenely in silence. And this is one of more than 200 paintings he painted during his career in last years... All the walls of the artist's small apartment, who lives in Sosnovy Bor, are decorated with landscapes, among which there are several portraits and graphics. Lovely pictures! According to Yuri Kuznetsov himself, he loves to paint beauty and everything that makes sense. Art is the transmission of beauty, grace and culture. And these words of his are confirmed by the entire creative life of the artist and his delightful paintings. But not only the artist himself admires this beauty. How many personal exhibitions there were in his life, and all of them are dedicated to his native land of Transbaikalia! How many wonderful moments and how many wonderful feelings many have experienced from contemplating his paintings! How much inspiration and skill there is on these canvases that can decorate more than one art gallery! The artist is known not only in Chita, his works are also abroad in private collections in Germany, Israel, Egypt.
- April snow, houses and gardens
And the dark March water
Coolness of Ingoda, clear waters,
Nikishikha, like a wonderful dream!
Snowdrop, as spring began,
Ledum is on fire.
You have not seen such beauty,
Where the forest beckons so fabulously.
Before a thunderstorm trees bend by the wind,
Clouds are darkening in the sky.
Even the pine had to bend
With its crown slightly.
Houses in the forest and the trunk of the pine turns black,
And next to it is the gold of birches.
And there is no land dearer for us,
The soul is worried to tears.
The road leads us to the village
And bushes, path, house.
There is a touch-sensitive birch tree
In a gorgeous gold dress.
The whole world is beautiful nature
What is so exciting to the depths.
As the property of the people
The whole exhibition of his paintings!
Yuri Knyazkin is a man whose name the stars are called. He dedicated his whole life space satellites... He is currently deputy General Designer for electrical design of spacecraft, their operation and control in flight, JSC "Information Satellite Systems named after Academician Reshetnikov" ... In 1953, immediately after graduating from the Chita male secondary school No. 5, the silver medalist Yura Knyazkin went to enter the capital at the Moscow Aviation Institute. After graduating from the university, he moved to Zheleznogorsk. There, in the scientific and production association of applied mechanics, he began to work as a simple engineer. And now the whole country uses the works of Yuri Knyazkin - for example, cellular communication and roaming are available to everyone, thanks to satellites developed in the research and production association... And in early 2009, the company's specialists launched a new satellite - Express-44. It became one of the first satellites required for the development of a digital television network in Russia. It allows you to transmit many more channels in much better quality... Sending the creations of design ideas into orbit, Yuri Mikhailovich Knyazkin always remembers that somewhere out there, in space, there is a star named after him.
Oleg Leonidovich Lundstremoutstanding russian jazz musician , was born in 1916 in Chita. In 1921, his family moved to Harbin (Manchuria, China). Father, Leonid Frantsevich Lundstrem, was invited to work, first as a physics teacher in high school, and later as a lecturer at the Harbin Polytechnic Institute. In 1932, Oleg graduated from a commercial school and entered the Polytechnic Institute, and at the same time he went to the musical college, from which he graduated in violin in 1935. At the beginning of the 1930s, everyone was carried away by a new dance - foxtrot and, accordingly, new music - jazz. At first, this rhythmic calm music did not attract Oleg's special attention, until by chance (in 1933), while picking up records for the next party, he came across a disc of Duke Ellington's orchestra, completely unknown at that time. This play was called Dear, Old South. She stunned Oleg, and he immediately realized that this music is not only for the feet, but something more. She made the same impression on his friends, young musicians, who had already begun to join jazz. In the same way, they attacked the trail of Louis Armstrong, and from that moment the passion for jazz began. Little by little they played music, began to play dances. And Oleg inquisitively studied the sound of the orchestra and began to arrange and reproduce pieces from records by ear.
Press named Oleg Lundstrem "The King of Jazz of the Far East"
In 1934, the young musicians decided to assemble their own jazz orchestra and chose Oleg Lundstrem as their leader. The orchestra consisted of nine musicians: two alto saxophones, one tenor saxophone, two trumpets, one trombone, piano, banjo and double bass, as well as drums. That was the composition of the big band then. 1935 - the year of gaining popularity in Harbin... The orchestra played at balls, evenings and performed on the local radio. In 1936, the orchestra moved to Shanghai (now China), a huge international port center, where its professional activities began. Subsequently, Oleg matured the idea that our Russian songs could also be performed in jazz arrangement. He makes arrangements "Song of the Captain" by I. Dunaevsky, "Other Towns" by A. Vertinsky, "Katyusha" by M. Blanter other. All of them are always popular with the audience. The peak of popularity came in 1940. There are already 14 people in the orchestra, where Oleg - conductor . The orchestra becomes one of the best in Shanghai... The press named Oleg Lundstrem "The King of Jazz of the Far East". After the end of World War II, Oleg wrote his first independent work "Interlude" using Rachmaninoff intonations, later - play "Mirage" on oriental motives.
In 1947 the orchestra in full force with their families moved to the USSR, to the city of Kazan. The musicians wanted to get an education at the conservatory. They decide to make the originally arrived orchestra a jazz collective of the TASSR, but the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU on Vano Muradeli's opera “October” in 1948 breaks everything. It turns out that the people do not need jazz. And the musicians are distributed in opera theatre, to the orchestras of cinemas. Oleg enters the Opera and Ballet Theater as a violinist. However, the orchestra did not disintegrate thanks to the composer A.S. Oleg began making arrangements of Tatar songs and the most popular Soviet songs. In 1955, the orchestra recorded on the radio and on gramophone records a whole series of plays by Tatar composers, arranged for jazz by Oleg Lundstrem, and gives a series of concerts, which were a great success and attracted the attention of Moscow concert organizations.
In 1956, the orchestra began its big touring and concert life. For almost 40 years the team has traveled to more than 300 cities in Russia and dozens abroad. The orchestra's credo: deep penetration into the nature of jazz performance, into its classical traditions and the desire to contribute to this genre by creating and performing original jazz pieces and arrangements. Oleg Leonidovich Lundstrem in 1973 was awarded the title Honored Artist of the RSFSR , in 1984 - People's Artist of the RSFSR , in 1993 - honorary Doctor of Science degree from the International Academy of San Marino .
If you are lucky enough to visit the Chita region, hospitable, hospitable, welcoming, do not get tired of admiring the exceptional beauty of this region and notice that here: the largest number of healing arshans; the largest and most famous reserve Sokhondinsky; the most majestic river is Onon; the most beautiful taiga, which knows no boundaries or limits; the most delightful mountains, in the white haze of blooming apricot; the most shining lakes under the sun, surrounded by delicate irises, with white swans flying over them; the most endless meadows in curly fiery lilies; the most berry fields and mushroom forests; people who love their land.
