European capitals in alphabetical order. Foreign Europe - countries and capitals. Northern European states

Here is a map of countries in Russian and a table with sovereign states, as well as dependent territories. They include completely independent states and territories dependent on various European countries. In total, there are 50 sovereign states and 9 dependent territories in the European part of the world.

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According to the generally accepted geographical definition, the border between and Europe runs along the Ural Mountains, the Ural River and the Caspian Sea in the east, mountain system Greater Caucasus and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles in the south. Based on this division, the transcontinental states of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkey have territories in both Europe and Asia.

The island of Cyprus in Western Asia is close to Anatolia (or Asia Minor) and sits on the Anatolian plate, but is often considered part of Europe and is a current member of the European Union (EU). Armenia is also completely located in Western Asia, but is a member of some European organizations.

While providing a clearer division between and Europe, some traditionally European islands such as Malta, Sicily, Pantelleria and the Pelagian Islands are located on the African Continental Plate. Iceland is part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that crosses the Eurasian and North American plates.

Greenland has socio-political ties with Europe and is part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but geographically closer to. Sometimes Israel is also seen as part of Europe's geopolitical processes.

Other territories are part of European countries, but geographically located on other continents, such as the French overseas departments, the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla on the African coast, and the Dutch Caribbean territories of Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius.

There are 50 internationally recognized sovereign states with territory located within the common definition of Europe and / or members in international European organizations, of which 44 have their capitals within Europe. Everyone except the Vatican is a member of the United Nations (UN), and everyone except Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Vatican are members of the Council of Europe. 28 of these countries have been members of the EU since 2013, which means high integration with each other and partial sharing of their sovereignty with EU institutions.

Political map of Europe with country names in Russian

To enlarge the map, click on it.

Political map of Europe with names of states / Wikipedia

Table of European countries with capitals

States of Eastern Europe
№	Names	Capital Cities
1	Belarus	Minsk
2	Bulgaria	Sofia
3	Hungary	Budapest
4	Moldavia	Kishinev
5	Poland	Warsaw
6	Russia	Moscow
7	Romania	Bucharest
8	Slovakia	Bratislava
9	Ukraine	Kiev
10	Czech	Prague
States of Western Europe
№	Names	Capital Cities
1	Austria	Vein
2	Belgium	Brussels
3	Great Britain	London
4	Germany	Berlin
5	Ireland	Dublin
6	Liechtenstein	Vaduz
7	Luxembourg	Luxembourg
8	Monaco	Monaco
9	Netherlands	Amsterdam
10	France	Paris
11	Switzerland	Berne
Northern European states
№	Names	Capital Cities
1	Denmark	Copenhagen
2	Iceland	Reykjavik
3	Norway	Oslo
4	Latvia	Riga
5	Lithuania	Vilnius
6	Finland	Helsinki
7	Sweden	Stockholm
8	Estonia	Tallinn
States of Southern Europe
№	Names	Capital Cities
1	Albania	Tirana
2	Andorra	Andorra la Vella
3	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo
4	Vatican	Vatican
5	Greece	Athens
6	Spain	Madrid
7	Italy	Rome
8	Macedonia	Skopje
9	Malta	Valletta
10	Portugal	Lisbon
11	San Marino	San Marino
12	Serbia	Belgrade
13	Slovenia	Ljubljana
14	Croatia	Zagreb
15	Montenegro	Podgorica
Asian states that are partially located in Europe
№	Names	Capital Cities
1	Kazakhstan	Astana
2	Turkey	Ankara
States that, taking into account the border between Europe and Asia in the Caucasus, are partially located in Europe
№	Names	Capital Cities
1	Azerbaijan	Baku
2	Georgia	Tbilisi
States located in Asia, although in terms of geopolitics closer to Europe
№	Names	Capital Cities
1	Armenia	Yerevan
2	Republic of Cyprus	Nicosia
Dependent territories
№	Names	Capital Cities
1	Aland (autonomy within Finland)	Mariehamn
2	Guernsey (Crown Possession of the British Crown, which is not part of Great Britain)	Saint Peter Port
3	Gibraltar (British overseas possessions disputed by Spain)	Gibraltar
4	Jersey (Crown Possession of the British Crown, which is not part of Great Britain)	Saint Helier
5	Isle of Man (Crown Possession of the British Crown)	Douglas
6	Faroe Islands (autonomous island region, part of Denmark)	Torshavn
7	Svalbard (archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, which is part of Norway)	Longyearbyen

Europe is a part of the world, which, together with another part of the world, Asia, forms a single continent - Eurasia. On its vast territory there are 44 independent states. But not all of them are part of Europe Abroad.

Overseas Europe

In 1991, the international organization CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) was created. Today it includes the following states: Russia, Ukraine, the Republic of Belarus, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. In relation to them, the countries of Foreign Europe are distinguished. There are 40 of them. This figure does not include dependent states - possessions of one or another state that are not formally its territory: Akrotili and Dhekelia (Great Britain), Aland (Finland), Guernsey (Great Britain), Gibraltar (Great Britain), Jersey (Great Britain) ), Isle of Man (UK), Faroe islands (Denmark), Spitsbergen (Norway), Jan Mayen (Norway).

In addition, there are no unrecognized countries in this list: Kosovo, Transnistria, Sealand.

Figure: 1 Map of Overseas Europe

Geographical position

The states of Foreign Europe occupy a relatively small area - 5.4 km2. The length of their lands from north to south is 5000 km, and from west to east - more than 3000 km. The extreme point in the north is the island of Svalbard, and in the south is the island of Crete. This region is surrounded by seas on three sides. In the west and south, it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean. Geographically, Europe Abroad is divided into regions:

• Western : Austria, Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Ireland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Netherlands, Portugal, France, Switzerland;
• North : Denmark, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Estonia;
• South : Albania, Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican, Greece, Spain, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, Portugal, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro;
• Eastern : Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Czech Republic.

From ancient times to the present day, the development of Greece, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, the Netherlands is inextricably linked with the sea. In the west, it is difficult to find a place that would be more than 480 km from the water, and in the east - 600 km.

general characteristics

The countries of Foreign Europe vary in size. Among them are large, medium, small and "dwarf" states. The latter include the Vatican, San Marino, Monaco, Liechtenstein, Andorra, Malta. As for the population size, you can mainly observe countries with a small number of citizens - about 10 million people. By the form of government, the overwhelming majority of countries are republics. In second place are constitutional monarchies: Sweden, Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg, Monaco, Denmark, Spain, Great Britain, Andorra, Belgium. And at the last step in the singular is the theocratic monarchy: the Vatican. The administrative-territorial structure is also heterogeneous. The majority are unitary states. Spain, Switzerland, Serbia, Montenegro, Germany, Austria, Belgium are countries with a federal structure.

Figure: 2 Developed European countries and their capitals

Socio-economic classification

In 1993, the idea of \u200b\u200buniting Europe received a new breath: that year, an agreement was signed on the creation of the European Union. At the first stage, some countries opposed joining the ranks of such an association (Norway, Sweden, Austria, Finland). The total number of countries that make up the modern EU is 28. They are united not only by the name. First of all, they "profess" a common economy (single currency), a common domestic and foreign policy, as well as a security policy. But within this alliance, not everything is so smooth and uniform. It has its own leaders - Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy. They account for about 70% of the total GDP and more than half of the population of the European Union. The following are small countries, which are divided into subgroups:

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• The first : Austria, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden;
• The second : Greece, Spain, Ireland, Portugal, Malta, Cyprus;
• Third (developing countries): Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

In 2016, the UK held a referendum on the country's exit from the EU. The majority (52%) were in favor. So, the state is on the verge of a difficult process of leaving the big "European family".

Figure: 3 Rome - the capital of Italy

Foreign Europe: countries and capitals

The following table provides a list of countries and capitals of Foreign Europe in alphabetical order:

	A country	Capital	Territorial structure	Political system
			Federation	Republic
		Andorra la Vella	Unitary	Republic
		Brussels	Federation	A constitutional monarchy
	Bulgaria		Unitary	Republic
	Bosnia and Herzegovina		Unitary	Republic
			Theocratic monarchy
		Budapest	Unitary	Republic
	Great Britain		Unitary	A constitutional monarchy
	Germany		Federation	Republic
			Unitary	Republic
		Copenhagen	Unitary	A constitutional monarchy
	Ireland		Unitary	Republic
	Iceland	Reykjavik	Unitary	Republic
			Unitary	A constitutional monarchy
			Unitary	Republic
			Unitary	Republic
			Unitary	Republic
	Liechtenstein		Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
	Luxembourg	Luxembourg	Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
	Macedonia		Unitary	Republic
		Valletta	Unitary	Republic
			Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
	Netherlands	Amsterdam	Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
	Norway		Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
			Unitary	Republic
	Portugal	Lisbon	Unitary	Republic
		Bucharest	Unitary	Republic
	San Marino	San Marino	Unitary	Republic
			Unitary	Republic
	Slovakia	Bratislava	Unitary	Republic
	Slovenia		Unitary	Republic
	Finland	Helsinki	Unitary	Republic
			Unitary	Republic
	Montenegro	Podgorica	Unitary	Republic
			Unitary	Republic
	Croatia		Unitary	Republic
	Switzerland		Federation	Republic
		Stockholm	Unitary	Constitutional monarchy
			Unitary	Republic

What have we learned?

In this article, we talked about the countries and main cities of Foreign Europe. Foreign Europe is a region of Europe. What is included in it? It includes all countries located in the European part of Eurasia, except for the states belonging to the CIS. The European Union is active on the territory of Foreign Europe, which has united 28 states under its roof.

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If you do not take into account dependent regions and not fully recognized states, then Europe for 2017 covers 44 powers. Each of them has a capital in which not only its administration is located, but also the highest authority, that is, the government of the state.

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European states

The territory of Europe stretches from east to west for more than 3 thousand kilometers, and from south to north (from Crete to Spitsbergen) for 5 thousand kilometers. The majority of European powers are relatively small. With such small territories and good transport cross-country ability, these states either closely border each other, or are separated by very short distances.

The European continent is divided geographically into parts:

• western;
• eastern;
• northern;
• southern.

All powerslocated on the European continent belong to one of these territories.

• There are 11 countries in the western region.
• In the east - 10 (including Russia).
• In the north - 8.
• In the south - 15.

We list all European countries and their capitals. We will divide the list of countries and capitals of Europe into four parts according to the territorial and geographical position of the powers on the world map.

Western

List of states belonging to western Europe, with a list of major cities:

The states of western Europe are washed mainly by the currents of the Atlantic Ocean and only in the north of the Scandinavian Peninsula border on the waters of the Arctic Ocean. In general, these are highly developed and prosperous powers. But they stand out for their unfavorable demographic situation. This is a low birth rate and a low rate of natural population growth. There is even a population decline in Germany. All this led to the fact that developed Western Europe began to play the role of a sub-region in the global population migration system, it turned into the main focus of labor immigration.

Eastern

List of states located in the eastern zone of the European continent and their capital:

Eastern European states have a lower level economic developmentthan western neighbors. However, they better retained their cultural and ethnic identity... Eastern Europe is more of a cultural and historical region than a geographical one. The Russian expanses can be attributed to the eastern territory of Europe. And the geographic center of Eastern Europe is located approximately within Ukraine.

North

The list of states that make up northern Europe, including capitals, looks like this:

The territories of the states of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jutland, the Baltic states, the islands of Svalbard and Iceland are included in the northern part of Europe. The population of these regions is only 4% of the entire European composition. The largest country in the G8 is Sweden, and the smallest is Iceland. The population density in these lands is lower in Europe - 22 people / m2, and in Iceland - only 3 people / m2. This is due to the harsh conditions of the climatic zone. But the economic indicators of development distinguish precisely northern Europe as the leader of the entire world economy.

South

And, finally, the most numerous list of territories located in the southern part, and the capitals of European states:

The Balkan and Iberian Peninsulas are occupied by these southern European powers. Industry is well developed here, especially ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy. The countries are rich in mineral resources. In agriculture, the main efforts aimed at growing food products such as:

• grapes;
• olives;
• garnet;
• dates.

It is known that Spain is the world's leading olive harvesting country. It is here that 45% of the world's olive oil is produced. Spain is famous for its most famous artists - Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró.

European Union

The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a unified community of European powers appeared in the middle of the twentieth century, or rather, after the Second World War. The official unification of the countries of the European Union (EU) took place only in 1992, when this union was sealed by the legal consent of the parties. Over time, the number of members of the European Union has expanded, and now it includes 28 allies. And states wishing to join these prosperous countries will have to prove their compliance with the European foundations and principles of the EU, such as:

• protection of citizens' rights;
• democracy;
• freedom of trade in a developed economy.

EU members

The European Union for 2017 includes the following states:

There are also candidate countries today to join this foreign community. These include:

1. Albania.
2. Serbia.
3. Macedonia.
4. Montenegro.
5. Turkey.

On the map of the European Union, you can clearly see its geography, European countries and their capitals.

Positions and prerogatives of the partners of the European Union

The EU has a customs policy, according to which its members can trade with each other without duties and without restrictions. And in relation to the rest of the powers, the adopted customs tariff applies. Having common laws, the countries of the European Union created a single market and introduced a single monetary currency - the euro. Many EU member states are part of the so-called Schengen area, which makes it possible for their citizens to move freely across the territory of all allies.

The European Union has common governing bodies for the member states, which include:

• European Court of Justice.
• European Parliament.
• European Commission.
• Audit community overseeing the EU budget.

Despite the unity, the European states that have joined the community have full independence and state sovereignty. Each country uses its own national language and has its own governing bodies. But for all participants there are certain criteria, and they must meet them. For example, the coordination of all important political decisions with the European Parliament.

It should be noted that since its foundation, only one power has left the European community. It was the Danish autonomy - Greenland. In 1985, she resented the lowered quotas imposed by the European Union for fishing. And you can also remember the sensational events in 2016 referendum in the UK, when the population voted to leave the country from the European Union. This suggests that even in such an influential and seemingly stable community, serious problems are brewing.

How many capitals of European states can an adult name? Without preliminary preparation, perhaps no more than twenty. Not everyone can provide a complete list of capitals of European states orally. There are forty-four in total. This article presents the capitals of European states in alphabetical order.

Small introduction

Before naming the capital of a European state, which ranks first in our list, it is worth saying that cities can be classified according to various criteria. And by area, and by population, and by age. But in this article we will not give preference to any city. All of them will be named exclusively in alphabetical order. There is a lot to tell about the capitals of European cities, but below is only a brief information.

On "A"

Amsterdam is the capital of the European state of the Netherlands. The exact date of foundation is unknown, but the first information about the city dates back to the early 13th century. In the 14th century, Amsterdam became a major trade center.

Andorra la Vella - the main and most big City country called Andorra. It is home to just over 20 thousand people and there are interesting architectural monuments created in the Middle Ages.

Which city is the capital of Greece? Even a child can answer this question. Athens is the city where the government of the country sits, which, according to legend, has everything.

On "B"

Belgrade is the capital of a European state, founded earlier than Berlin, Paris and others famous cities... It was first mentioned under its modern name in the ninth century.

There are many European states and their capitals. But there is a city whose history contains an incredible fact. For several decades, it was divided into two parts by a high wall. This is the city of Berlin.

What is the name of the capital of the state, which produces the best chocolate and cheese? Berne! And this is perhaps one of the most picturesque cities in the world. However, the one that is named below is not inferior to him in the beauty of urban landscapes.

In the center of Europe is the city that was once the capital of Hungary, but today it is the head of Slovakia. This is Bratislava.

The capital of Belgium is a small city with a complicated history - Brussels. About 150 thousand people live here. At the same time, ethnically, the population is quite diverse.

Budapest was founded at the end of the 19th century. It is the largest city in Hungary.

Major events in the cultural and economic life of Romania take place in Bucharest. Its population is 180 thousand people.

On "B"

There is a very tiny country in Europe in which they speak exclusively german... It gained independence in the sixties of the XIX century. The capital of this state - Vaduz - is home to only five and a half thousand people.

Valletta is the economic and political center of Malta.

Warsaw - old european citywho was almost completely destroyed during the worst war of the 20th century.

The name of which capital is consonant with the name of the state in which it is located? Of course, the Vatican.

In which city are the most famous music festivals? Of course, in the Austrian capital - in Vienna.

And finally, which Baltic city starts with "B"? There are many of them. But only one of them is the capital. This is Vilnius.

From "G" to "L"

The largest city of those located on the island of Ireland is Dublin. And the largest in Croatia is Zagreb. On picturesque shores The ancient majestic Kiev stretches along the Dnieper. And on the river Byk, which flows into the Dniester, - Chisinau. Copenhagen is the cultural, governmental and economic center of Denmark. The capital of Portugal is Lisbon.

Even schoolchildren, for whom geography is the most hated subject, know that London is the main city in the country so often called Foggy Albion. But they are unlikely to be able to answer the question of where the main political and economic institutions of Slovenia are located. And they are all concentrated in Ljubljana. Another capital, the name of which coincides with the name of the state, is Luxembourg.

From "M" to "O"

Madrid is located in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula - main city countries of bullfighting and flamenco. And on the south-eastern slope of the Minsk Upland stands Minsk, founded in the tenth century. The next item on this long list is the capital of the largest state in the world. It is sometimes called White Stone, although in architectural ensemblelocated in the very center, completely different shades prevail. Like Rome, it stands on seven hills. Of course, this is Moscow. And after it in our list comes the largest Norwegian city - Oslo.

From "P" to "X"

The Eiffel Tower, the Champ de Mars, the Seine River are all symbols of Paris. And what associations do a person have when he hears the name of the Montenegrin capital? If he has been to Podgorica, then perhaps he will remember the Cathedral Church or palace complex King Nikola I Petrovic-Njegos... But the symbols of Prague are considered to be St. Vitus Cathedral, Charles Bridge and the Powder Tower.

Among the European capitals there is one whose name in Russian can be translated as "smoking bay". This is Reykjavik, a city located on the Seltyadnarnes Peninsula. The political center of Latvia is Riga. And the capital of Italy bears the name of the once mighty empire, the birthplace of Julius Caesar: Rome.

San Marino is the capital of the state of the same name. Sarajevo is the political and economic center of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Skopje is the birthplace of the famous Mother Teresa and the capital of Macedonia. What about the Swedish capital? Several decades ago, most of the inhabitants of our country associated this city with the self-confident Karlson. Today, Russian citizens have a deeper knowledge of the culture of Stockholm.

Our list has come to an end. There are only three cities left to name. These are the capitals of Estonia, Albania and Finland. Political, economic and cultural centers these states are Tallinn, Tirana and Helsinki respectively.