Where are the Carpathians located? Carpathians - large mountain systemlocated in Eastern Europe. The length of the mountain range is 1500 km, the width is 420-1000 km, and the area is 188 thousand km 2. The highest point is Gerlachovski Shtit (2654 m). This mountain is located on the territory of Slovakia.
The Carpathians are subdivided into Western, Eastern and Southern. By their nature, these are medium-altitude wooded mountains, often with rather soft outlines. On average, their height is 1000 meters. In general, the Carpathians are elongated in the northwest - southeast direction. The north-eastern part of the Carpathian Mountains belongs to Ukraine. Together with Romania, these countries are the owners of the largest pieces of the Carpathian mountain system (in total, about 70%).
Perhaps you are interested in the question of which countries are the Carpathians? They are located within the borders of Ukraine, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania and Serbia.
The origin of the mountains
The age of the modern Carpathians, by geological standards, is moderate - 25 million years. First, the Outer Carpathians arose - a part of the Carpathians, which faces north, northeast, east. Behind them was the sea. Therefore, there (in its place) there are thick strata of sandy deposits.
As for even more ancient times, once on the site of the present mountains there was a chain of ridges, which is called the Precarpathians. However, they were later destroyed, and by the beginning of the Mesozoic, an almost flat plain was formed.
Natural conditions
Many are interested in the question: where are the Carpathians? They stretch between the Alps and the Caucasus, although they are much closer to the Alps. You can also say that the Carpathian mountain system is located between the Alps and the Black Sea.
The natural conditions of the region are generally quite favorable. The climate is determined by the altitudinal zonality and where the Carpathians are located. It is warm, moderately continental. It is characterized by a large number of days with cyclones and precipitation. The average January temperature is from -15 to -5 ° C. In summer, temperatures vary greatly with altitude. It is rather cool in the high-mountainous zone during this period of the year.
Precipitation increases significantly with height. In the highlands, their annual amount is 1600-2000 mm. The increase in precipitation with height is + 12% for every 100 meters. And the temperature drops by about 1 degree. The wind speed increases by 0.3 m / s for every 100 meters. Therefore, hurricanes are not uncommon near the peaks. Thousands of hectares of forests die from them every year.
Precipitation in the Carpathians often has a stormy nature, and their volume can reach 100 mm / day. Heavy rains lead to floods on rivers, which is also facilitated by human economic activity.
Altitudinal zonality
The high-altitude zoning is well expressed in the Carpathian Mountains. Broad-leaved and mixed forests grow in the foothill zone. In the zone of 600-1500 meters, dark coniferous forest formations are widespread, and at even higher altitudes, low-growing shrubs. The highest parts of the mountains are occupied by subalpine meadows. There are no glaciers in the Carpathians.
With regard to tree species, the most common are beech, European spruce and fir. You can also find hornbeam, oak, birch, pine, larch, alder. Of the shrubs, raspberries, blueberries, blackberries and lingonberries are common.
The geographical features of the distribution of precipitation are that in summer the eastern slopes of the mountain system are more humid, and in winter, on the contrary, the western ones. In winter, avalanches are frequent in the mountains. However, they are not strong enough to pose a threat to infrastructure as in the Caucasus. There are no such steep slopes here, and the snow collection area is much smaller. At the same time, the amount of falling snow is also inferior to the Caucasus.
The climate of Transcarpathia is hotter and moderately humid, sometimes there are droughts.
Each area has its own interesting features. The Carpathians are distinguished by the following:
- The mountains are still forming. Periodically earthquakes occur there, with a magnitude of 5-7 on the Richter scale. Due to the great depth of the source, seismic waves diverge very far, and there was even a case in history when tangible tremors reached Moscow.
- The Carpathian Mountains arose at about the same time as the Alps and the Himalayas.
- Previously, active volcanic activity was in full swing in the Carpathians. The tops of some volcanoes are visible in the vicinity of Uzhgorod, Khust, Mukachevo.
- The minimum distance from the Alps to the Carpathians is only 14 kilometers. And the width of the Carpathian mountain system in some places reaches 450 km.
- The Carpathians have their own set of mineral deposits. Oil was found here, as well as gas, gold, marble, ozokerite.
- On the territory of this mountain system, the remains of various ancient animals were found: mammoths, huge deer, various birds.
- Human activity in this region was quite unusual. Not long before the formation of the USSR, most of the forests were cut down here, and then, already in the Soviet era, forest plantations were proceeding at an accelerated pace, which made it possible to re-cover these mountains with forests. In recent years, barbaric deforestation has been carried out here, due to which half of the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians has been deforested. The wood is exported to Europe. Now almost all Carpathian forests are of secondary origin.
- The Carpathians are home to the world's largest musical instrument - trembita. It is a huge pipe made of wood, 3 to 8 meters long. The sound from it spreads over the mountain valleys at a distance of more than 10 kilometers.
Resorts of the Carpathians
The Carpathian Mountains abound in ski resorts. This mountain system is not as popular with tourists as the Alps, but many tourists also come here. First of all, local people. For example, Ukrainians are the first to ski on Ukrainian ski slopes. The Carpathians have their pros and cons. The former include low altitudes (which means it is easier to breathe here), gentle and safe slopes, low risk of avalanches, no severe frosts and extreme weather conditions. As well as reasonable prices and relative proximity to our borders.
Skiing starts in December and ends in March. Used heights from 1000 meters. It should be borne in mind that due to climate warming, skiing opportunities may decrease. This, incidentally, applies to the Alps and even the Caucasus. Therefore, before leaving there, it is worth consulting about the current and forecast weather.
The Polish resort of Zakopane is recognized as the best ski resort in the Carpathians. It is located in the south of this state, in a small town of the same name. In total, the length of its ski slopes is 60 kilometers. Both beginners and experienced skiers can ride here. You can come there from late October to mid-April.
Resorts of Ukraine (Carpathians)
You can go to the Ukrainian resort Bukovel. It is located in Ivano-Frankivsk region and differs good quality pistes and excellent infrastructure. If there are no weather whims (which happen more and more often in Europe), then a stable snow cover can be seen here from the beginning of December to the end of April.
Rock climbing
The Carpathians are an ideal place for those who refrain from too dangerous climbs, but at the same time do not mind doing a good exercise. The mountains are rather gentle and low. Some of them have become a favorite destination for tourists.
The most difficult mountain to climb is Gerlachovski-Shtit, 2654 meters high. This is the highest peak in the Carpathians. It is located in Slovakia and is quite popular with tourists. But climbing it requires professional skills, and climbing is allowed only in a company with a guide.
It is much easier to conquer Mount Hoverla (2061 m), the highest point of the Ukrainian part of the Carpathians. It is located on the Montenegrin ridge. Climbing this hill will not be difficult, and dozens of visitors do it every day in the summer. On the slopes of this mountain are the sources of the Prut River, the largest in Eastern Europe.
In Romania, the highest is Mount Moldoveanu (2544 m). Climbing it is more difficult than climbing Hoverla, but if you have certain skills, it will not be difficult.
Hiking in the Carpathians is also quite common.
There are many interesting places... Moreover, each country has its own attractions and resorts.
Slovakia
The Šarišská Vrhovina mountain range in Slovakia is known for its beautiful canyon with an interesting rock called "Moiseev Stolb". There are also a large number of caves, canyons and waterfalls in those places. In addition to natural attractions, there are also man-made ones: the ruins of the ancient Murano castle.
Poland and Hungary
The Tatras are quite popular in Poland. They are divided into high and low. The former has a beautiful lake that looks like a human eye. And also the highest waterfall in Poland called Siklava. The height of the water column is 70 meters. As for the second, you can see various caves there. One of them is called "The Cave of the Dead Bats".
In the Carpathians of Hungary, the Matra mountain range is of interest. There you can visit the thermal springs and go skiing. Winemaking is well developed in the region. And the Duna-Ipoi National Park abounds in springs, streams and rivulets.
Romania
The Southern Carpathians rise on the territory of Romania. There are many ski resorts here. And even more interesting are the castles. Especially the royal castle "Peles" and the castle of Dracula.
There are also places for rafting in the Carpathians of Romania. The most popular is the gorge of the Zhilu River in Oltenia. And in Romanian Muntenia, you can go rock climbing and look at the mud volcanoes.
Other interesting objects in Romania are stone columns, which were formed during the solidification of volcanic lava. And in the Romanian Transylvania there is a nature reserve where about 100 bears live, which used to live in captivity.
Conclusion
The Carpathians are a large mountain system in Europe. They are located on the territory of several states at once. The closest part of the mountain system to Russia is Ukrainian Carpathians... The climate in the Carpathians is mild and humid, with a pronounced altitudinal zonation. The landscapes are forest, and in some places taiga. Almost all forests are secondary, there are many clear-cut areas and secondary meadows. However, there are many interesting places there. As for the Ukrainian Carpathians specifically, they will be of interest mainly to ecologists (the fight against uncontrolled felling) and skiers (there are good tracks). However, if you study the entire mountain system as a whole, then the Carpathians are replete with interesting objects and places, both natural and man-made. In the Carpathians you can practice hiking, rafting, skiing, viewing caves, canyons, attractions, visiting nature reserves, castles, photographing mountain panoramas, and so on. This means that these mountains are suitable for tourists of all categories. Thus, the article considered in detail the question of where the Carpathians are located.
Ukraine is rich in enchanting natural beauty, first of all it is the magnificent mountain range of the Carpathians. Other countries can only dream of such a source of clean air, spring water and wildlife. The Carpathians are located on the territory of various countries - Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, as well as Slovakia, Hungary, Poland.
The Southern Carpathians are located on the territory of Romania, and the Eastern ones are located in Ukraine (on the territory of the Transcarpathian, Lviv, Chernivtsi and Ivano-Frankivsk regions.
Map of Ukrainian Carpathians
At some point in the daily hustle and bustle comes the realization that our body simply needs at least a short break. Even a few days spent in this nature reserve, are able to quickly relieve psychological fatigue and charge you with optimism and good mood for a long time. Rapid mountain rivers, fog that envelopes the valleys in the morning, mountains covered with sharp peaks of coniferous trees - this beauty cannot be described in words and is even more difficult to get around on foot. Perhaps, after traveling to such beauties, you will want to move to Ukraine, you can study the materials on immigration to Ukraine on the website at the link and find there all the information you need to make the move, experts will help you at all stages.
The secret of a spring holiday in the Carpathians is that it is based on complete freedom of action. Someone will like morning fishing, someone will want to conquer the local mountain peaks, while others will appreciate the quality of service, which is by no means inferior to advanced European resorts.
Interactive map of the Carpathian Mountains
To see where the Carpathian Mountains are on the map, you need to click on the "-" icon in the lower right corner of the map several times. The map is zoomed out to show roads, cities, rivers, districts, and provinces around the city.
Probably the ideal place for a May holiday in the Carpathians is the village of Slavskoe. There are several reasons for this. The natural location of the Beskydy and Gorgan ranges around this settlement has created a unique local microclimate that ensures constant windless weather. In the spring, beautiful landscapes with evergreen coniferous forests on the slopes of the mountains open up here, which beckon to walk along them.
You can always usefully walk in the mountains. Fans of excursions and national history will discover a lot of interesting things. To do this, you just need to visit local attractions: Kamensky Falls, Tustan Castle, Khashchovanskoye Lake and many, many others. In Slavske, you will definitely be advised to go to look at the rocks of Dovbush - legendary placewhere, according to legend, the people's avenger hid part of the gold taken from the rich. The cave monastery located right there will surprise even an experienced traveler.
The month of May is an ideal opportunity to recuperate after a cold winter, to stock up on vital energy for a very long time, and I decided to give myself unforgettable memories, at the same time to buy a corner shelf, I think I can find a suitable option in the online store. Of course, you can take this chance to go to distant overseas resorts, but such a vacation will be very expensive. It would be much faster, more comfortable and cheaper to spend the weekend in your home corner. And there is such a corner! You can feel the full power of the awakening of nature, plunge into its bright green splendor in the Carpathian Mountains.
After spending the whole day in the fresh May air, in the evening you will certainly want to take a break from the impressions. At your service are provided as comfortable hotel roomsand cozy private cottages. For more active rest shops, pharmacies, cafes, bars, restaurants, billiard rooms, discos are always available to tourists.
If you get a little tired of unity with nature, you can always visit regional or regional centers, enjoy their architectural sights, and get acquainted with the history. An hour or two by car, and now Lviv, Yaremche, Ivano-Frankivsk, Uzhgorod and other cities will gladly open their doors for you.
We all heard about rest in Crimea: it was believed that "everyone should have a rest there", but about the Carpathians - a place that becomes popular destination international tourism, most of the inhabitants of Russia have fragmentary knowledge, although the rest in these parts today is very attractive and inexpensive.
Where are they located?
The Carpathians are an ancient mountain system, which many countries “divide” on the map of Europe, and, of course, there are many resort areas created specifically for outdoor activities in these territories. The ski and health resorts of the Carpathians attract tourists in the first place: the nature here is amazingly beautiful, the level of service is close to Western European, but the rest in general is much cheaper. The Carpathians are located on the territory of several countries: Romania, Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary; to a lesser extent - Serbia and Austria
The places here are incredibly beautiful, there are many natural and cultural attractions, and you can come to the Carpathians all year round, but first about the climate.
Climate features
The climate of the Carpathians can be called both moderate and mountainous: it is humid here, but winters are not very cold. The sun shines often, the temperature is slightly below zero, and there are also thaws - even in January. High in the mountains it is colder - up to -15 ° C, and sometimes -30 ° C, but this is rare. The most high mountain Gerlachovski Shtit is considered to be in Slovakia - 2655 m, and on the territory of Ukraine - Hoverla, 2061 m high - in the summer, climbing this mountain is organized even for unprepared tourists.
From May to October, the region is warm and sunny - 20-25 ° C, but there are also heavy rains - more often in the mountains. In summer, when going to the mountains, it is worth remembering the temperature difference: it gets cold there at night - about 0 ° C and colder. In winter, you can relax in comfort: there is a lot of snow - from November to May, although ski season and the time is counted from mid-December to March. It is in the Carpathians that ecological tourism is now actively "gaining momentum": nature is not touched here, and therefore the landscapes are amazing in beauty - the impressions of tourists remain unforgettable.
As for the cultural and historical sights of the Carpathians, you cannot say briefly about them: on the territory of Ukraine alone - not to mention Romania and other countries of southeast Europe - there are dozens of ancient castles and temples built in the Middle Ages. But to tell briefly about some resorts of the Carpathians, where you can relax, see sights and beautiful places, have fun and restore health, we will try: in every country that is lucky enough to own at least a "piece" of the Carpathians, their territory is used for the construction of resorts, sanatoriums, parks and reserves.
Sunny glade of Romania
The Romanian Carpathians among the European mountain ranges occupy the 2nd place in size, and "cover" 1/3 of the country's territory. Modern ski resorts are located in the majestic mountains, rich in volcanoes and minerals, glaciers and caves.
The most famous resort - Poiana Brasov, is located in a convenient valley, where there are many sunny days. It appeared at the end of the 19th century as a place for recreation and entertainment: then it was possible to walk, play sports, ride a horse and ski here. At the beginning of the 20th century, Poiana Brasov became very famous among locals and foreigners; it does not lose popularity even now, and is generally considered elite.
Summer is cool here - the mountain climate affects, but there are many opportunities for recreation: swimming pools and gyms, national restaurants, bars and discos; you can play bowling, ride a horse and skate with artificial ice... In winter, ski lovers can be completely happy here: there are 10 ski slopes in Poiana Brasov, and all of them are different - even beginner skiers and snowboarders will find many great opportunities for themselves. The hotels are located right in the coniferous forests: it is not allowed to drive by cars - horses are used, so the air is always transparent and clean.
Polish Beskydy - competitors of the Alps
Part of the Western Carpathians "enters" the territory of Poland - here they are called Beskydy. The famous Polish resort of Szczyrk is located at the foot of two high mountains - Skrzyczne and Klimchok: they say that it is not inferior in terms of service and development to the most famous European resorts, and even surpasses them in the beauty of its landscapes. Tourists, and especially skiers, have long appreciated the local mild climate: there is almost no strong wind, and winter temperatures seem very comfortable to residents of various regions - the thermometer usually shows a little below 0 ° C.
Tatras of Slovakia
The Slovak Carpathians are called by a sonorous word - Tatras, and the High Tatras are indeed the highest part of the Carpathians. The climate resembles that of the Alpine, but many mountains are covered with green spruce forests, so the air here is surprisingly clean and healthy. About 50 years ago, these places were declared protected, and Smokovec, Tatranska Lomnica and Strbske Pleso are considered the main resorts. It is convenient to come here: the resorts are connected by a railway, and not only European tourists like to rest in the High Tatras.
The oldest resort in the country is called Smokovec, which is divided into several ski regions. The local hotels and guesthouses seem to be integrated into the mountain landscapes: classic buildings in the local style look natural on the slopes overgrown with coniferous forests. Here, if you wish, you can climb with a guide to the highest peak of the Carpathians - Gerlakhovsky Shtit.
Tatranska Lomnica has the "glory" of a youth resort: you can ride until May, and the network of nightlife and other entertainment establishments is well developed. Several tracks are designed only for professionals - they are dangerous for beginners, but beginners can ride at the foot of the Lomnický Štit mountain, on gentle slopes. Not far from the resort there are ancient castles, a water park and other local attractions, so you can go beyond skiing and visiting entertainment venues.
The Štrbske Pleso resort is popular among those who like to relax with families: there are many trails for beginners and for children. There are ski schools, so those who first embarked on alpine skiing can also come here; gear and equipment can be borrowed from numerous rental points.
White Carpathians - flower paradise
This is a landmark of the Czech Republic - the most beautiful national park, on the territory of which the resort cities are located, which receive many guests for relaxation and treatment. There are many interesting routes in the mountains: you can go on foot, ride a horse or a bicycle, raft along the rivers. In winter, excellent conditions are created for skiers and snowboarders - from November to April, and those who do not like skiing on the slopes can enjoy skiing on the adjacent plains - there routes are also laid. The White Carpathians are rich in rare trees, flowers and grasses: there are about 2000 alpine plant species alone - flowering in the mountains begins in early spring and continues until late autumn. Magnificent beauty, a must see.
Great Hungarian getaway for the whole family
There are not so many resorts in the Hungarian (Western) Carpathians, but in recent years they have become more and more lively: people come here not only from European countries, and our compatriots also rate their holidays in Hungary very highly.
About 100 km from Budapest there is the Matra recreation area - in the mountain range of the same name. The mountains here are overgrown with forests of oak and beech trees - the air is clean and healthy, and in summer, many fruits ripen in the surrounding gardens. The vineyards of these places are a special topic: the best wine in Hungary is made here, and it is known far beyond the borders of the country - vacationers have a great opportunity to taste many varieties "in the original".
In winter, the resort creates excellent conditions for recreation with the whole family: the slopes of the Hungarian mountains are rather gentle, so beginners and amateurs often ride on them; however, professionals love to be here, but they ride more often in the evening and at night, when powerful lamps are lit - it is more interesting for them.
There is also a toboggan run, as well as a ski school: in a few days, experienced instructors help you learn how to ski well on gentle slopes, even for those who ski for the first time in their lives - both children and adults. The ski slopes on Matra are now called the best in Hungary and one of the best in Europe: they stretch and meander through the mountains for almost 3500 m, and the snow lies here for more than 3 months a year, from December to the end of March. However, if there is a need to "add" it, modern snow cannons begin to work - everyone has time to ride.
Bükk resort is located a little northeast - it is considered the largest ski park in the country. More precisely, the park is called Bukkom, and the ski resort itself is called Bankut. There are also tracks for beginners, but there are more opportunities for experienced skiers. Nearby, in a separate complex, you can not only relax and have fun, but also be treated in thermal springs, healing pools and baths; local water for medicinal purposes is taken internally.
In addition, the Bükka area is very beautiful and attractive for lovers unusual beauties: there are no less than a thousand natural caves with unique natural decorations.
Serbian Carpathians - beautiful places
Among the resorts of Serbia, Kopaonik is considered the best, but it is located in a different mountain range.
In the Carpathians there is another famous ski and climatic resort of the country - Stara Planina. There is also the highest mountain in Serbia - Mizdor, the top of which is called Babin's Tooth - a protected reserve is set up there. There is snow for almost 5 months, and winter sports are actively developing - the area is considered very promising.
A few years ago, the Academy of Winter Sports was opened, and now everyone can become a real professional if they have enough patience and perseverance to practice. The academy trains athletes and coaches, but amateurs can learn - if they wish. You can master skiing and snowboarding, improve your skills or become an instructor yourself.
In the warm season, ascents are organized to Mount Babin Zub: it is better to go there from June to September. The level of difficulty may differ, but you do not need to be an experienced climber to climb the top: complex equipment is not needed in most cases, and any "conditionally healthy" tourist can test himself for endurance.
Sights of Ukrainian places
There are a lot of resorts and attractions in the Ukrainian Carpathians, so it is better to say briefly about the possibilities of recreation in general. Even if you come here every year, you will hardly be able to see at least half of the beautiful places and wonders.
To begin with, the local nature amazes with its preserved richness and diversity: trout and other valuable fish are found in mountain lakes with clear water, many species of local animals are considered rare, and many plants are endemic. There are very beautiful places here, the Carpathians in Ukraine are just a fairy tale.
One of the most beautiful places is worth mentioning separately - Synevyr Lake, located almost a kilometer above sea level, and considered the most beautiful and largest in the Ukrainian Carpathians. Its water is transparent, but from a bird's eye view it looks blue; the lake is framed by bright green forests - the reservoir is said to be more than 10,000 years old. It cannot be called very deep, but the depth is impressive - up to 22 m; the water is cold - no higher than 11 ° C even in summer, and you cannot swim in Synevyr. However, you can rest here, for a symbolic fee, although vacationers are strictly monitored: there are a lot of trout in the lake, but catching it is strictly prohibited, as well as hunting local animals - deer, roe deer and predators.
The full-flowing Carpathian rivers are used for timber rafting, but this is also monitored - the ecological balance should not be disturbed. There are no rocks in these places, the relief is calm and smooth - they say that in this sense the Carpathians have an even character.
There are many hundreds of various mineral springs in the Ukrainian Carpathians, so there are many health resorts and sanatoriums: almost every region has its own types of medicinal waters. So, everyone knows the water from Truskavets - Naftusya, which has practically no analogues in the world. Naftusya is universal: it is used to treat various inflammations and pains, diseases of the kidneys, liver and bile ducts, gastrointestinal tract, nervous and endocrine systems. In many sanatoriums, patients are literally treated with air saturated with phytoncides of coniferous trees, and the properties of water complement its effect: other medicines become unnecessary.
In the main ski resorts, mild winters - 6 ° C below zero are considered severe frost - and a lot of snow, so their popularity is growing every year. Infrastructure and services are developing accordingly: in recent years, local authorities have been actively using all the opportunities for growth and development. Ski schools are set up everywhere, the slopes are kept in tidy condition, lifts work, and renting equipment has become as easy as in European resorts.
When ski season ends, begins "land" tourism: you can choose routes for every taste and age - hiking, horseback riding or cycling. The local Carpathians are full not only of natural beauty, but also of cultural and historical sights - for example, castles and picturesque mountain villages with unique customs and traditions.
Modern entertainment also allows you to relax and have fun with all the heart: there are enough entertainment venues, cafes and restaurants, and you need to talk about Carpathian cuisine separately.
There are many advantages to rest in the Carpathians, but hospitality local residents called "unlimited": the majority of tourists who come here for a long time retain pleasant memories of the rest and only positive emotions.
Is it worth going to the Carpathians?
There are wonderful mountain climatic resorts in the southern part of the Western Carpathians - in Hungary; and in the Serbian Carpathians, where there are dozens of mineral springs; and, of course, in Ukraine, where Bukovel alone receives hundreds of thousands of tourists a year - a couple of years ago it was named the world's fastest growing ski resort.
They say that the inhabitants of the Carpathians gain a second wind major citiesworn out by the accelerated pace of life, constant noise and polluted atmosphere. They also say that everything is real in these mountains: nature, food, fun, and people, so it's hardly worth hesitating - you must definitely go to the Carpathians.
Dear readers, please do not forget to subscribe to our channel in
Without a doubt, the most famous and popular mountains in Europe are the Alps. But in this part of the world there is another mountain system, which is inferior to the Alps in height, but surpasses them in size. And she also attracts huge attention of tourists and amateurs. winter holiday... Where are the Carpathians located? In which countries are they located? When were these mountains formed, and why are they interesting?
"Stone Mountains"
The word "Carpathians" evokes approximately the same images and plots in everyone: dark forest, thick fog, creeping along the slopes, sorcerers-molfars and, of course, the castle of the famous Count Dracula. These mountains are really shrouded in a kind of aura of mysticism and mystery. But not everyone knows exactly where the Carpathians are and when they were formed.
The name of this mountain system was first used by Claudius Ptolemy back in the second century AD. It is also found in the works of Herodotus. In particular, the "father of history" mentions the Karpis river. It is believed that this tributary of the Danube took its name from the mountains from the slopes of which it flows.
The very word "Carpathians", according to some researchers, comes from the name of the Thracian tribe "Carps", who lived on this territory in the III-IV centuries. Other scholars associate it with the Proto-European word kar, which translates as “stone”. True, the Carpathians can be called "stone mountains" with a stretch. After all, most of the mountain system is represented by gentle valleys and peaks with smooth outlines, where rocky ledges and pointed peaks are extremely rare.
However, there is a third version, which connects the origin of the toponym with the Slavic word "hrb", which means "ridge". Considering the location of the Carpathians, this version looks quite plausible. After all, it was the Slavic tribes and peoples that over the course of many centuries mastered and settled this area.
Where are the Carpathians: countries and major cities
The total area of \u200b\u200bthe mountain system is 190 thousand square kilometers, the length is 1500 kilometers. Where are the Carpathian mountains? They are located in the eastern part of Central Europe. On the map, they form an arc, which in geological terms is an offshoot of the Alpine-Himalayan fold area.
What states are the Carpathians in? Where are their natural boundaries? The mountain system covers the territories of eight European countries. It:
- Czech.
- Poland.
- Slovakia.
- Ukraine.
- Hungary.
- Romania.
- Serbia.
- Austria.
About 70% of total area The Carpathian mountainous country is divided into two states - Romania and Ukraine. But only its extreme western spurs enter Austria. The largest cities located within the Carpathian Mountains:
- Bielsko-Biala (Poland).
- Zakopane (Poland).
- Banska Bystrica (Slovakia).
- Kosice (Slovakia).
- Zilina (Slovakia).
- Cluj-Napoca (Romania).
- Brasov (Romania).
- Oradea (Romania).
- Sibiu (Romania).
- Uzhgorod (Ukraine).
- Kolomyia (Ukraine).
- Vrsac (Serbia).
This is where the Carpathians are. It remains to find out what parts this mountain system consists of.
Structure of the Carpathians
The Carpathian Mountains consist of eight orographic parts (see map below):
- Outer Western Carpathians.
- Inner Western Carpathians.
- Outer Eastern Carpathians.
- Inner Eastern Carpathians.
- Southern Carpathians.
- Western Romanian Carpathians.
- Transylvanian plateau.
- Serbian Carpathians.
In addition, a number of separate massifs are distinguished within the mountain system: Beskydy, Ore Mountains, Tatras (the highest part of the Carpathians), Gorgan, Rodna, Peniny, Fagaras and others. The average heights of the Carpathian Mountains range from 800-1200 meters. The highest point is Mount Gerlahovski Shtit.
Carpathian mountains: main features and interesting facts
Here is some of them:
- Despite the insignificant heights and gentle forms, the Carpathians are young mountains. They arose at about the same time (of course, by geological standards) with the Alps and Himalayas.
- Mountain building processes in the Carpathians continue to this day. This is evidenced by earthquakes, which are regularly recorded here. The strength of individual shocks reaches 5-7 points on the Richter scale.
- At one time, active volcanic activity was characteristic of the Carpathians. The cones of extinct volcanoes can be seen in the vicinity of Uzhgorod, Mukachevo and Khust.
- The Carpathian bowels are rich in numerous minerals. The main mineral resources of the mountain system are oil, gas, ozokerite, marble and gold.
- The width of the Carpathian Mountains in some places reaches 450 kilometers.
- The Alps are only 14 kilometers away from the Carpathians. The border between the two largest mountain ranges in Europe runs exactly between Vienna and Bratislava.
- At the beginning of the twentieth century, numerous remains of prehistoric animals - mammoths, huge deer and various birds - were discovered on the territory of the mountainous country.
- The Carpathians are considered the birthplace of the world's largest musical instrument - trembita. The length of this wood tube is 4 meters. It is capable of spreading sound over 10-20 kilometers.
The origin and age of the Carpathian mountains
Long before the formation of the modern mountain system, a chain of ridges existed in its place, connecting the Sudetenland with Dobrudja (a hill in the territory of Romania). Geologists call it Prakarpaty. Subsequently, these mountains were destroyed by powerful movements of the earth's crust, and in their place by the beginning of the Mesozoic, an almost flat plain was formed.
The age of the Carpathian geosyncline is quite "young" - only 25 million years. The process of the formation of the mountainous country began at the end of the Paleogene period and proceeded gradually. The structures of the Outer Carpathians were the first to emerge. For a long time, the sea splashed between the outer and inner ridges of the Carpathian Mountains. During its existence, thick strata of sandy deposits have accumulated here.
Climate and flora of the Carpathians
The climate of the territory is moderately continental and rather humid. Average temperatures in July are + 17 ... 20 ° C, in January from –2 to –5 ° C. Precipitation falls from 600 to 2000 mm per year.
In the Carpathians, the altitudinal zonation of landscapes is clearly traced. Deciduous and mixed forests grow up to a height of 600 meters, dark coniferous forests grow from 600 to 1500 meters, undersized shrubs grow even higher. The peaks of many Carpathian mountains are covered with meadows of the subalpine type. In the Ukrainian Carpathians, they came up with their own name - "meadows".
In the Carpathian forests, most often you can find European spruce, fir and beech. Oak, hornbeam, pine, alder, birch and larch are also common. The lower tier is occupied by thickets of raspberries, blackberries, lingonberries and blueberries.
The main resorts of the Carpathians
Where are the most popular ski resorts in the Carpathians located and what are they called? And what are they? Bukovel, Dragobrat, Slavskoe (Ukraine) are usually ranked among the most famous Carpathian resorts; Zakopane, Szczyrk, Karpacz, Krynica (Poland), Poianu-Brasov, Sinaia, Predeal (Romania), Jasnu (Slovakia).
Zakopane is perhaps the best ski resort in the Carpathians. Where are its tracks? The resort is located in the southern part of Poland, in a small town of the same name. The total length of its tracks is 60 kilometers. They are designed for all categories of skiers - from beginners to professionals. The skiing season lasts from late October to mid-April.
Bukovel is the main Ukrainian ski resort, which is located in the Ivano-Frankivsk region. It features quality tracks and excellent infrastructure. The ideal snow cover is maintained here from early December to late April.
Notable peaks
Gerlachovski Shtit (2654 m) is the highest mountain in the Carpathians. It is located on the territory of Slovakia, near the town of Gerlachov. Today the mountain is very popular among tourists. However, climbing to its summit requires serious preparation and is allowed only with an experienced guide.
Hoverla (2061 m) - highest point Ukrainian Carpathians, is located within the Montenegrin ridge. Climbing this mountain is relatively easy, so dozens of tourists conquer its peak every day in the summer. Hoverla is known for the fact that the largest river in Eastern Europe, the Prut, originates from its slopes.
Moldoveanu (2544 m) - the most high peak in Romania. Located in the heart of the country, within the Fagaras mountain range. Climbing Moldovyana is a little more difficult than climbing Hoverla, but it does not cause any particular difficulties for experienced tourists.
The Ukrainian Carpathians generously reward everyone who comes to these lands with a stunning picture of natural landscapes, beauty, joy, health. Every corner of the Ukrainian Carpathians is distinctive and unique. Here the gardens and forests, untouched meadows, are pleasing to the eye. In winter, the Carpathians are especially visited and attractive for those who like active ski holidays.
The huge mountain system of the Carpathian Mountains begins near Bratislava (Slovakia) and ends in the south-east of Romania. The total length of the Carpathians is approximately 1600 km. They surround the Central European Lowland with a large arc on three sides. In the northwestern section, their width is 250 km, and in the southwestern section - 350 km, in the southeastern section, where the Ukrainian Carpathians are located, it narrows to 100-130 km.
Depending on the location and biogeographic structure, the Carpathians are divided into Southern, Eastern, Western. The Western Carpathians are located on the territory of Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and partly in Hungary, where the highest mountain of the Carpathians is located - Gerlach (2665 m). The northern ones are equatorially located on the territory of Romania, the eastern ones in Slovakia and Poland, as well as on the territory of Western Ukraine.
The average height of the Ukrainian Carpathians is 1000 m. The Carpathians are 3.5% of the territory of all Ukraine. They stretch from northwest to southeast for almost 290 km with an average width of 110 km.
The Carpathians are located on the territory of 4 regions of Ukraine: Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Transcarpathian, Lvov.
The Carpathians are symbolically divided into 2 parts - Transcarpathia and Precarpathia. Prykarpattya is Lvov, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions, Uzhgorod region and Transcarpathian is Transcarpathia. The Carpathians are low, of volcanic origin, with an average height of about 1300-1500 meters. The highest mountain is located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe village of Yablunitsa - this is a mountain
Flora and fauna of the Carpathians
The Carpathians are a mountainous strip notable for the fact that untouched forests, rare for Europe, have been preserved on its territory. The Carpathian mountains are mostly "soft", rounded without rocky outcrops mountain peaks... On the plateau they grow Slightly lower, on the slopes of the mountains, you can often stumble upon thickets of blackberries. In the warm summer, the mountain scenery is complemented by large herds of cows and sheep.
The main part of the Carpathians is covered with beech and
In addition to spruce and beech, they also grow in the Carpathian Mountains.
The beech forests also include common ash, Norway maple, and mountain elm, they have almost disappeared in the Carpathian mountains, if they are found, then only in hard-to-reach places.
On the upper slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, there are "alpine" meadows, which are still rich in very rare species of flora. In particular, an amazing plant - the East Carpathian rhododendron. In the Carpathians, it is called "alpine rose" because of its bright pink flowers. Here, high in the mountains, are the sources of many rivers of the Western region of Ukraine: the Prut and Cheremosh, they are rightfully considered one of the cleanest rivers in Eastern Europe.
IN mountain ranges In the Carpathians many thousands of years ago, salt caves were formed, as well as dense deposits of rock salt. As a rule, salt lakes are located above such caves, chemically similar to the "Dead Sea" in Israel. These lakes are much smaller in area, but they are not inferior in healing properties.
The Ukrainian Carpathians are very diverse. The main factor of separation is a sharp change in mountain heights - from 160 m to 2081 m. Along with the height, the temperature and humidity conditions change.
The climate is mainly moderately continental, warm, with cyclonic interventions of the Atlantic air. The average temperature of the warmest month (July) in the foothills is from +19 to + 22 ° С, in the high-mountain zone from +9 to + 12 ° С, the coldest in January is from -5 to -15 ° С.
in summer there are two rain days out of every seven days. In general, unstable spring, not very hot summer, warm, dry autumn and mild winter are very characteristic of the Carpathian Mountains. Figuratively, the Carpathians can be divided into a number of mountain climatic zones:
The Highlands zone is an area of \u200b\u200ba rather cold and very humid climate.
The Middle Mountain zone is a zone of moderately cold, humid climate
The Carpathian zone is a zone of warm and moderately humid climate.
The Low Mountain Zone is a very humid climate zone.
The Transcarpathian zone is a zone of fairly warm, moderately humid climate.
The climate within the described zones is homogeneous everywhere. Its continentality is increasing from west to east.
In Transcarpathia, against the general temperature background, the southern region... Summer is often sultry here. Droughts are common. Very strongly affects the climate mountainous relief... Each river valley and mountain slopes often have their own special individual microclimate.
Population of the Carpathians
Lemkos live on the slopes, between the Syan and Poprad rivers, in the Perechinsky and Velyky Bereznyansky regions of Transcarpathia. The first mention of them in written sources appears in the sixth century BC. Boyki live in Lviv, Transcarpathian and Ivano-Frankivsk regions.
The “Russian Trinity” - Yakov Golovatsky, Ivan Vagilevich, Markian Shashkevich considered the boykov to be the offspring of Celtic tribes who lived in Central Europe from the sixth century BC, and moved to the Balkans closer to the first century.
Hutsuls live in Transcarpathian, Chernivtsi, Ivano-Frankivsk.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, there were many rebels among the Hutsuls, oprishki, the people's avengers.
Carpathian culture
Even for a long time, being in the structure of different states, although they could not protect themselves from merging with Poles, Hungarians, Slovaks. It was the inhabitants of the mountainous regions of the Carpathians who preserved the most archaic cultural features, which, at least a little, but differed from those in Polissya.
It seems that in the mountains, almost everyone is a singer, an artist, a bright creative person. And it was by the hands of such people that the most beautiful wooden churches were built in the mountains, which were built without a single nail ... The main decoration of these churches were inimitable icons painted on glass.
Most of them, today, are kept in museum collections.
Today, like many hundreds of years ago, the population of the Carpathians adorns their clothes with bright embroidery.
Bukovinskaya, Pokutskaya, Transcarpathian, ... Any of them is inimitable and unique and they all look like a bright flower garden.
It blooms with beautiful patterns on pillows, towels, shirts.
The ancient art of Easter eggs (ritual painting of Easter eggs) is passed from one generation to another in the Carpathians. In the Carpathians they know that Easter eggs help in different life situations: their signs-symbols bring people prosperity, health and love, and fertility to the Carpathian land.
Carpathian national features
In the mountainous Carpathian area are seeing off the shepherds to the mountain valley, Carpathian wedding and religious, church holidays, for example, Christmas with Christmas carols and generosity, "Vasily" (old New Year), "Vodokrescheniya", "Melanka", and, of course, Easter with Easter "hawks".
A big holiday - a carnival for local Carpathian residents - are on distant mountain meadows for grazing. Grazing takes place from early May and lasts until mid-September. The living conditions of the shepherds in mountain valley difficult,
They work from dawn to dusk, and yet every Carpathian resident does not mind becoming a high-mountain shepherd.
Three details that characterize the life of Carpathian shepherds are vatra, trembita and feta cheese. like a fairy tale.
Even today, the inhabitants of the Carpathians adhere to their traditions. They still dress up in national embroidered clothes, decorate their horses. The wedding is full of funny and colorful fun, dances, songs, games, witticisms, jokes. None of the weddings is complete without loafs and loaves, embroidered, hand-woven towels, bouquets.
Preparations for start early.
All Carpathian housewives in the early morning of January 6, light a "live fire" of twelve logs in the ovens and cook
Among the dishes of the Holy Christmas Supper, the main place is kutia
(boiled wheat with honey, poppy seeds and nuts.)
The Easter holiday in the Carpathians is distinguished by an abundance of ritual customs and actions. On Palm Sunday, the inhabitants of the Carpathians bring from the church a consecrated palm branch (a joke) and lightly hit each member of their family with it, saying: "I'm not hitting you, this joke is hitting — henceforth, Easter is in the week!"
The consecrated willow branch in the concept of the ancestors of the Carpathian inhabitants has healing properties. The end of the Lent is the time for scribbling krashanoks. Each Carpathian village has its own unique craftsmen.
Carpathian cuisine
They are distinguished by three features: natural, satisfying, tasty. It should be consumed at least during a vacation in the Carpathians. The inhabitants of the Carpathians, who eat natural, organic products, live a very long time. Milk from the Carpathian high-mountainous meadows is no worse than the Alpine one. with porcini mushrooms, a variety of porridges have been cooked here for several hundred years and, of course, they have mastered this culinary art to perfection. After the Carpathian breakfast, you will have enough strength even for a long mountain trek. Most of the traditional Carpathian dishes are in perfect harmony with homemade moonshine, however, as well as with expensive alcoholic drinks.
Ancient intoxicating Carpathian drinks deserve special attention, for example
They are widely used today in the national Carpathian cuisine.
All restaurants and cafes in the Carpathians will certainly offer you traditional dishes of the Carpathian cuisine: pancakes, borscht, potato dumplings,. Of course, they will also offer a wide range of European dishes.
Carpathian dishes are original and at the same time very easy to prepare. The main ingredients of the Carpathian cuisine are wheat and corn flour, potatoes, mushrooms, pork or beef, fish.
has long been known for its abundance of homemade smoked meats.
The epochal dwelling of Carpathian shepherds on summer pastures is the kolyba - an original wooden building, usually round in shape, usually with a high roof, usually in the shape of a cone or triangle. Today, every tourist will be able to visit the kolyba without even climbing high in the Carpathians, since today kolyba are, as a rule, small private restaurants and shops built, often along the road.
Safety and rules of conduct
1. Kindly light and watch closely the kindling of camp stoves and campfires.
It is always necessary to dig in a fire pit so that sparks do not fall into the dry grass around. When leaving the parking lot, do not forget to fill the place where the fire was. Often in popular places of tourist camps there are already prepared places where it is possible and desirable to make a fire. It's always best to look for such a place first, if possible.
Moreover, as a rule, these are ideal places for parking.
... Better to look for dry branches.
3. If after resting, parking you have unnecessary plastic bags and paper - burn them in the fire.
4. Tin containers and cans remaining after a rest in the Carpathians and food - it is better to burn them in a fire until they are black, crush them with an ax or a stone, and then bury them, on the surface of the earth they can cause serious injuries.
5. Never leave garbage after a vacation in the Carpathians.
6. Never destroy places to rest or drink water built by someone before you.
7. Do not pollute streams, springs, mineral springs... You and others of them should drink.
8. Do not pick unnecessarily berries and flowers, do not break branches of green living trees.
9. Don't scare grazing cows, sheep, goats
10. Healing natural resources The Carpathians and the modern medical and technical base make it possible to obtain a significant effect in the treatment of diseases of the liver and biliary tract, gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders, defects of the musculoskeletal system, disorders of cardiovascular and nervous activity.
