The nature of Karelia enchants everyone who at least once visited these places. Amazing beauty of northern nature, violent rivers with steep thresholds, virgin cleanliness of forests, fresh airfilled with a drilling aroma of needles, stunning sunsets and wealth of the world. Flora and fauna have long attracted to Karelia tourists and travelers.
Karelia is located in the northwest Russian Federation. The most part of the republic is occupied by coniferous forests, famous for carved pines and slender firings, juniper thickets and abundance of berries.
In Karelia, more than 60 thousand lakes, the most famous of which are Onega and Ladoga. Many rivers and rivers permeate the republic, but the rivers are mostly short. The longest Karel River Kem has a length of just 360 km. There are in Karelia and swamps, and their waterfalls.
It is reservoirs in combination with Karelian forests and create that amazing climate that fascinates all. It is not by chance that Karelia is called "light Europe". By the way, it is here, not far from Petrozavodsk, the first Russian resort was created, founded in 1719 by decree of Peter I.
Karelia admired many artists and poets. Kivach's waterfall is one of Karelia's most famous sights, Maritarian waters - First russian resort, founded in 1719 by the decree of Peter I, Kizhi and Valaams relate to the most mysterious places Russia, and mysterious petroglyphs White Sea still do not give rest archaeologists and historians.
Vegetable world of Karelia
Features of the Karelian Flora are due primarily geographic location republic. Main part vegetable world Formed in the post declaration. In the northern regions and at the heights of the mountains, plants are growing characteristic of the tundra: mosses, lichen, dwarf ate and birch.
But the most part of the republic is occupied by coniferous forests. Closer to the north grow pine forests. Approximately in the area of \u200b\u200bSegozer passes the border between the northern and mid-machine. Here it begins a forest bar, where a spruce and pines grow in the way. The closer to the southern outskirts of Karelia, the more fir forests that are mixed with mixed.
Of the conifers most common spots are common and pine ordinary. In the West, Finnish pines are often found. In mixed forest thickets, birch, alder, oxins, limes, elk, and maple are growing.
The lower tier of forests make up numerous shrubs. Where pines grow, shrubs are smaller. The closer to the south, the more brybrokes and clouders, blueberries and blueberries, a buggy and a swamp world appear.
Near the soil reservoirs is covered with gray ms and lichens. It is easy to find heather and a yagel here.
And the Karelian forests are the kingdom of mushrooms. Most of all collect booms and boomes. In the southern regions, white mushrooms, butter, rhyge and chanterelles are often found.
Animal world Karelia
Fauna Karelia is rich and diverse. There are all animals that traditionally live in a taiga. But the peculiarity of the Karelian Republic also is that there are many reservoirs. And therefore, representatives of the North Morical representatives of the kingdom of animals are much larger than in any other corner of Russia.
From large mammals in Karelian forests, you can find a trot, brown bear, wolf and badger. Numerous Belyaka hares have long become the desired prey of local hunters. Many beavers and protein. Rivers and lakes chose ondatras, otters, cunits and European minks. And in the White Sea and the lake lake there are nerves.
Fauna southern Districtions Some different from the northern. Moose and wild boars, raccoon dogs and Canadian minks live in the south.
The world of feathered is also diverse. The best family of sparrows is best. In the north, a lot of boroval game: degrades, tetherov, rumble glands and white partridges. From the predatory birds it is worth noting hawks, numerous owls, berkuts and moon.
Waterfowl Birds Karelia is her pride. Ducks and Gagars will be treated on the lakes, the sea coast chose seagulls and gaggies, which they appreciate them. And the swamps will be treated.
Karelian fish can be divided into three categories:
Passing (siga, salmon, salmon, born);
Lake-river (pike, roach, perch, Nalim, Ersh, in the south - Sudak, Harius and river trout);
And marine (herring, cod and flounder).
The abundance of reservoirs caused a greater number of reptiles and insects. Of all the snakes, which are found in Karelia, the most dangerous - ordinary viper. And from the end of May and before the beginning of September, hiking in the forest and picnics darken the clouds of mosquitoes, blind and midges. In the south, by the way, pincers are of great danger, especially in May-June.
Climate in Karelia
Most of Karelia is located in the zone of moderately continental climate with marine elements. Winter although long, but strong frosts are rare here. Basically, the winter is soft, with abundance of snow. Spring, with all its charms in the form of melting of snow, flourishing trees and an increase in the daylight occurs only in mid-April. But by the end of May, the probability of refund of frosts is preserved.
Summer in Karelia Short and cool. For most of the territory, truly summer weather is established only by mid-July. Temperature rarely rises above + 20ºC. But at the end of August, the autumn weather mood is felt: cloudy sky, pouring rains and cold winds.
The most unstable and unpredictable weather rules on the sea coast and in the area of \u200b\u200bLadoga and Onega Lakes. Frequent cyclones come from the West. The weather is most often overcast, with constant winds and abundance of precipitation. On the White Sea coast, the highest cloudiness is celebrated in the entire republic.
Onega Lake - Lake in the north-west of the European part of the Russian Federation, is located on the territory of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda regions. The second largest lake in Europe after Ladoga. Refers to the Baltic Sea Balay of the Atlantic Ocean. The area of \u200b\u200bthe lake without islands is 9690 km 2, and with the islands - 9720 km 2; Water mass - 285 km 3; South north length - 245 km, the largest width is 91.6 km. The average depth is 30 m, and the maximum - 127 m. On the shores of Onega Lake are located the cities of Petrozavodsk, Kondopoga and Medvezhiegorsk. About 50 rivers fall into Onega Lake, and only one follows - Svir.
The average depth of the lake is 31 m, maximum depth In the most deep-water northern part of the lake reaches 127 m. The average depth in the central part is 50-60 m, closer to the south, rises to 20-30 m. For ongoing lakes are characterized by numerous sharply pronounced raises and lowering the bottom. In the northern part of the lake a lot of gutters alternating with high bottom lifting, forming banks, which often catch fish industrial traverters. A significant part of the bottom is covered with sludge. Typical forms are Luda (shallow rocky meli), Selgi (deep-water raises of the bottom with stony and sandy soils, in the southern part of the lake), underwater ridges and ridges, as well as depressions and pit. Such relief creates favorable conditions for the life of fish. For the regime of the lake, the spring of water is characteristic of the spring, which lasts 1.5-2 months, with the annual amplitude of the water level to 0.9-1 m. The lake flows from the Lake the Verkhnevirskaya HPP. Rivers bring up to 74% of the prepared part of the water balance (15.6 km 3 per year), 25% falls on atmospheric precipitation. 84% of the expenditure part of the water balance account for the drain from the lake along the River Svir (on average 17.6 km 3 per year), 16% - by evaporation from the water surface. The highest levels of the lake water in June - August, the lowest - in March - April. Frequent unrest are observed, the storm waves reach 2.5 m of height. The lake freezes in the central part in mid-January, in the coastal part and in the bays - at the end of November - December. At the end of April, the mouth of the tributaries opened, the open part of the lake - in May. Water in the open deep parts of the lake transparent, with visibility to 7-8 m. In the bays a little less, to one meter and less. Fresh water, with mineralization of 10 mg / l.
Its area with Islands, according to Strelbitsy, is 9751.1 km2
The lake is stretched along the North-North-West line and the greatest length of it between the black sands in the south and the mouth of Kums in the north comes up to 220 km, and the greatest width from the Lake Lake to Pudozhis is 86 km. The height of the lake is about 45 m. According to the nature of the structure, onega lake can be divided into two parts of the line coming from Petrozavodsk to the mouth of the water river. The whole southern part of the lake represents one extensive pool with a little winding coastline, while the North has character Schker: Here the lake branches himself into many narrow and long bays that retain the general direction from the North-North-West to the south-south-east. This nature of the shores significantly increases the length of the coastline of the lake, reaching up to 1,280 kilometers.
The shores of Onega Lake, mostly sublimated. In the north and western parts, it is covered, the southern part of the coast of the lowland and, especially near the mouth of the Vytegra River. East coast In the southern and middle part, sandy, formed by the deposits of the lake itself; Here you can trace the countries in the country three terraces; Next to north east Coast The lake becomes sublime and composed of solid. The nature of the structure of the north-western part of the lake, with its narrow bays, stretched from the north-west to the southeast and separated by the same narrow and long ridges, serves as one of the confidence confirms here in the ice era of extensive cover.
Onega Lake in Medvezhiegorsk
Onega lake takes a number of tributaries, of which the most significant poured into it from the southeast and the East is the river water, Andoma and Vytetem. Taking, in addition, many more rivers and rivers serving the sources of the whole mass of the lakes surrounding the Lake Onega, the latter forms an extensive water pool, which takes up to 58,328 square meters. kilometers. The only source of all this mass of the water serves the River Spear, arising from the south-western tip of the lake and flowing into Ladoga, entering the latter in the Neva River basin system. Lake Onega, occupying an intermediate position between and could play a big role in the case of internal waterway Between and, if there was a shipping connection with the latter.
Coastline sharply differs in its nature in the southern and northern parts. As already mentioned above, there are few of the banks in the first part of the coast and there are no deeply frowning bays there. Otherwise, the northern and northeastern part of the lake is abounded by the bays, and, quite also, as it is noticeable in Ladoga. A particularly large coastal devulsion begins in Petrozavodsk and ends at the guy. At this distance of the coast, all the most significant bays are located; Of these, the following six are most noteworthy:
To the north-west of Petrozavodsk, an extensive lip of the same name is stretched, which, together with the Lake Lake, which makes it a continuation, comes to 17 km. length; At the entrance it has about 7 km. widths; Near the entrance is located from the south and from the north of several islets.
Next to the north is a large guba KondopazhskayaWhile running deep into the mainland is 30 km away. The width of the entrance is about 7 km., But it is narrowing up to 5 km. Suisari Island. Like the Petrozavodsk city and Kondopajskaya has its continuation of the lake, elongated by the direction. IN western The lips flows the Suna River on which famous waterfall Kivach.
Lizhemskaya Guba - a narrow and long bay, walking in the mainland kilometers by 35; Its width at the entrance of about 5 km., Poals are narrowed to several hundred meters between the islands, which are quite a lot. The Lizhma River flows into it.
Unit Guba, up to 45 km long. And width from 6 km. up to several hundred meters. The lip is busy with the whole Islands archipelago.
Guba lip, coming kilometers on 20 in the Peninsula Zaughye; The width at the entrance to the lip reaches 9-10 km. In the southwestern wider part there are several islands.
Perenets Bay - It is also called the entire northeastern part of the lake, separating the peninsula of the endaint with the mainland. The greatest width of it against the city of Perenets, where it comes to 20 km. From this bay, three more very narrow and long lips are separated (length is up to 20 km., Width - 2 km. And less), far from deep into the northeastern part of the endress Peninsula.
Peninsula and Islands. Thanks to the long and narrow bays of the northwestern part of the lake, there is no shortage in the peninsulas, of which the most significant lies between the Lip Unic and the Perenets Bay. Its length, counting from the top of the Unicn lip, is up to 70 km., And the greatest width is up to 32 km. The width of the isthmus connecting it with the mainland is about 10 km. Besides Great Luba and three other, separated from the Perenets Gulf, the inside of the peninsula is cut through several narrow and long lakes, stretched in parallel to all the bays of this part of the lake.
Islands on a lot, but they are all located in the northern part of it: the largest of them is Climatsky, the southeastern tip of the frighting. It is about 24 km long. and about 7 km width. Of the others are remarkable: Kezh, Kerk, Oleni, Sennogubsky, Suisari. Some of the islands, especially Klimatsky, are quite densely populated.
Onega lake. Great Guba
According to work, the line 21 meters of depth, following, in general, quite close to the outline of the shores, are significantly removed from them on the south-western tip of the lake. Then this line leaves completely away: the lip is unicurious, the shed between the island of Climatik and the fright, the lip of the Great and middle part of the Perenets Bay. Inside this isobate in the northern part of the South, wide half of the lake, the extensive space is occupied by the pool with depths from 9-12 meters, in the middle of which there are several places with depths that reach 14.2 - 14.5 meters.
Na great depths There are north of the Petrozavodsk line - the mouth of the water river. Here is the highest depth of 124 meters. And further north a few more depuses with depths of 111, 115.5 and even 132.5 meters. These depths are between the fright and the mainland. It should be noted that all with the greatest depths both in the northern and in the southern parts of the lake, stretched along the direction characteristic of the North-North-West to the south-south-east. Then significant depths are still found in the northern tip of the Perenets Bay, where they reach 92.4 meters.
Water level and flow. The correct annual fluctuations in the level of the lake level are insignificant: the greatest difference in levels, still measured (at 20 years), is 1.8 meters. These studies did not show existence in the lake of any correct currents. In the middle, the pelagic part, they depend on the direction of the particulars, the constant nature of the flow takes only among the mouths of the rivers flowing into the lake and against the mouth of the Sviri River - the source of the lake.
Opening and freezing. Observations on this issue are assembled very little: the ascension has an average opening on May 5, Petrozavodsk - also, and the freezing of the Ascension on December 22, in Petrozavodsk on November 26. The average number of ice-free surfaces for the first point - 231, for the second - 205. In winter, the lake is covered with solid ice cover, according to which there is a message across the lake. The duration of the navigation is certainly somewhat less than the numbers of days free from ice cover.
This reservoir has an interesting form - in the direction of the north, it stretches with tentacles-bays, its shores are made by many of the Mysters, there are here and the islands that have scorn with violent vegetation. Lakenet is the second largest freshwater reservoir of Europe, it is sometimes compared with the Great Ladoga and call her younger sister.
As you know, almost twice the more of Onega, but they were formed at the same time.
The history of the origin of the lake
On the surface of the Earth, this reservoir appeared, as soon as it was retreated and melted with the last glaciers, filled with a clean water of huge pitchers, which existed long before the formation of the glaciers themselves. Scientists argue that the cause of their appearance became faults and shifts in the earth's crust in the long-standing geological epochs.
The deep water of this mysterious lake was seen by many amazing creatures, which settled here many thousands of years ago. Who knows, perhaps their descendants still live at the bottom of the reservoir.
The lake has an oblong shape, its maximum length, taking into account the mouth of the rivers flowing into it, is 245 km. Its widest part is 91 km long.
About 50 rivers fall into this reservoir, while only one follows - Svir. The maximum depth of the reservoir reaches 107 meters, with the average depth equals 30 meters. The purity and transparency of the water of the water is comparable only with the famous.
Coastline
The reserved is deservedly enjoys unprecedented popular among tourists who love to explore and remote corners of the country. It is worth noting that the two parts of the lake plug separately from each other in the outlines of the shores and their structure.
The southern part (the so-called Central Onega Lake) is a wide spill. It is here that the greatest depths are focused, and the shores are striking with their diversity - these are rocks, and sandy shames, and swamps.
The northern part of the reservoir itself was divided into two picturesque bays, which are called small and large ongoing lakes. They stretched toward the north, crashed into their cold waters into the southern edge of the Baltic Crystal Shield. Thanks to the different natural conditionsHere is well developed.
Islands of Onega Lake
The surface of the beautiful Onega Lake is literally littered with numerous islands. In total there are more than 1.5 thousand - large and small, rocky and vegetation covered with vegetation. The largest islands are the islands of Lelikovsky, Klimatsky, Suisari. One of the most famous among them is the original Kizhi Island, famous for its unique monuments of folk architecture.
Some of the islands are wild, they rarely steps a person's leg. Many Islands attract travelers with an excellent opportunity to spend time alone with nature and enjoy the charming landscapes of the Karelian Territory.
Because of the huge amount and diversity of fish, the best in life can be organized here. Especially rich in the water of the lake with such species of fish as grayling, sig, perch, rippushka, roach, born. The medault and such valuable fishing species as trout and salmon are also found here.
In addition to Trout, brought from the Armenian city of Sevan, the Baikal Omul, spread throughout the water, was perfectly accustomed. Picturesque shores Lake Onega and His Numerous Islands will be an excellent place for those who are interested in real.
Riddles of Onega Lake
In the famous Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg there is an interesting exposure, which is a huge piece of stone slab weighing several tens of tons. This gigantic boulded was once part of the Lake Onega, or rather, his Rocky Cape Per Nose.
Literally the entire surface of the granite slab is covered with ancient images of swans, deer, fish and people. In addition to live figures, on the stone you can consider numerous signs in the form of lines and circles. What they mean - still a mystery.
Scientists found that the age of rocking pictures of the lake is 4 thousand years. The shores of this reservoir have always been populated by people, as evidenced by the remnants of their ancient standards found in different places.
On the shores of Onego are the unique monuments of antiquity - this is the Oleneostrovsky burial ground ( City of dead) And Onega Sanctuary. Surely there are other amazing places until an inaccessible person. Salt the ancient riddles of the lake is a great reason to start with its shores.
How to relax on the lake
It is famous for its unique corners of nature, where every person can relax and gain strength. Onega lake is one of these places.
It is worth come here to families or friends, but even lonely travelers will be something in this amazing edge. There are excellent conditions for all lovers of an active lifestyle. Exciting hiking, picking up berries and mushrooms - all this is available to travelers.
It is the second largest lake in Europe. Its length from the south north is 248 km, from East to West - 96 km. Onega lake is twice as smaller, the mass of its water is 3 times less. However, onega water is characterized by high quality, it is much cleaner of the water of Ladoga and even. The most maximum depth of the lake is 120 meters.
Currently, there are 1500 islands on the lake, on one of which is the main attraction and an important architectural 
monument - Kizhi graveyard. Onega lake has a very complicated relief. Its geography is characterized by sharply pronounced lowering and raising the bottom, it is characterized by shallow-water stony mels, underwater ridges, solgs, pits and depressions. Such a kind of relief creates the best conditions for the life of the inhabitants of lake depths. In total, more than 45 species of fish belonging to 13 different families are found. In Onega Lake flows 110 rivers and streams. The largest of them: Shuya, Sun, Water, Andoma. The Spear River is the only runoff of it.
Shores of Onega Lake mostly pebble and 
Sandy, occasionally there are yields of rocks and small islets. The very fame received a cape's nose, located in the eastern part of the lake, here were found in the rocks of people and animals. The northern shores of the lake are very sled, have many elevations, consist of crystalline rocks. For southern Coast Characterized smooth outlines, there are many lowlands covered with dense forests.
It is becoming increasingly popular among tourists, yachtsmen and luxury fishing lovers. Every year there are various festivals here, in the Maritar Odyssey Museum of Petrozavodsk, vintage wooden vessels are built.
Ladoga lake It is the greatest freshwater lake in Europe. Its length from north to south reaches 185 km, width - 120 km. The surface area of \u200b\u200bthe lake mirror is 18400 square kilometers. Neva is the only river flowing out of the lake, while there is about a dozen streams and rivers Leningrad region, Karelia. River Svir connects [...]
