Geographical objects located in Africa. Geography of Africa. Geographical description of Africa. Geographic objects of Africa

Detailed decision Paragraph § 27 in geography for grade 7 students, authors Corinskaya V.A., Sushina I.V., Schenshev V.A. 2017.

Questions and tasks

1. Name the most significant geographical objects of South Africa.

Zambezi, Calahari semi-desert, dragons and caps of mountains.

2. In a comprehensive map, highlight the main types of business activities in South Africa.

Agriculture and mining mining.

3. Name the main features of Nature and the economy of South Africa.

South Africa is a country of various natural complexes and huge natural wealth. Most of the country is a flat plateau, which gradually steps rises to the south and east, by changing the mountains. Savannas prevail in the country. Natural conditions, as in all South Africa, change not only from north to south, but also from east to west.

South Africa with a large variety of landscapes has a very rich fauna. In many areas, hunting and fisheries are still - the main occupation of the local population. But with the arrival of Europeans, the number of wild animals declined markedly and many species almost disappeared. Especially reduced the number of herbivores - antelope, zebras, giraffes, elephants, large black buffaloes, rhinos. Lions, leopards, almost completely disappeared.

In order to preserve wild animals from full extermination, as well as in general natural complexes in South Africa created reserves and national parks. In the largest of them - the Kruger National Park - all kinds of animals found on the mainland are collected.

The territories with fertile lands in the country belong to white farmers - owners of private agricultural enterprises. Farm farms are widely used by equipment and fertilizers and therefore get high yields. They grow corn, wheat, legumes, sugar cane, citrus, cotton and other cultures. On the elevated plateau with good pastures, farms on the breeding of sheep and cattle are placed. Pasture animal husbandry occupies the most important place in agriculture.

South Africa is rich in various minerals. Geological miracle call this country. South Africa takes one of the first places in the world by reserves and mining diamonds, gold, platinum, uranium and iron ore. The economy of the country is depending on the English and American monopolists who lead the development of minerals and receive huge profits.

There are many factories and factories in the country, industry develops rapidly.

4. Compare nature, the population and its economic activities of North and South Africa. What is the similarity and difference? Explain the reasons for differences.

North Africa is part of the Middle East and even sometimes turns into it. Sowing. Africa is the undoubted and inseparable part of the Muslim Arab world, mainly deserted territories and inhabited, it is mostly Arabs, Berbers, and other seven-khamitic tribes along with the traditional African population of Africa. South Africa is classical Africa except that it is more developed, along with the same North Africa, compared to other parts of Africa due to the greater presence of the white population there due to its rich lands.

Consignment of knowledge on the topic

1. Name the main features of the surface of the Africa. What are they explained?

By the type of relief, Africa can be divided into two parts: Low is located in the north and west, high in the east and south. In the relief, the mainland is dominated by plains and plane oils high from 200 to 1000 m, the greatest territory is occupied by East African and South African Plateau. The sublime areas of the mainland alternate with the hollows, the largest of whom Wpadina Congo and the Kalahari Calahari. The highest parts of the mainland are Ethiopian Highlands (up to 4500 m) and the dragons of the mountain (more than 3000 m). You can explain such features of Africa's relief by the fact that most of the mainland has been formed on an ancient Arabian-African platform, within the Relief Platforms are represented by the plains. Atlas, Kapsky and Dragons Mountain are confined to folded belts of different ages. In the east of Africa there is a large rift of the earth's crust - continental rift. In the rift band, the flow of heat flows and the rise of the substance from the mantle, the formed blades are occupied by the lakes, along which the cones of volcanoes rise. It is here that the highest peak of Africa is located - Kilimanjaro volcano (5895 m).

All the well-known statement "Africa is the hottest mainland," it can be explained by the fact that the mainland is located in the most warm climatic belts of the Earth (Equatorial, subequatorial, tropical and subtropical). Africa is located on both sides of the equator, within the latitudes, which receive a significant amount of solar radiation from 160 kcal / cm² to 200 kcal / cm². The temperature on the mainland throughout the year above + 20 ° C. The greatest amount of precipitation falls on the equator, since the belt of low atmospheric pressure is formed here, in which the ascending air currents form clouds saturated with moisture. The smallest amount of precipitation falls on a tropical belt, where the contrary, the formation of clouds does not occur in a high atmospheric pressure belt. The climate of the coasts of the mainland is influenced and cold flows.

2. What are the features of the climate of Africa? What do they depend on?

Features of the African climate was formed as a result of a system of various factors. Most of the mainland is located between the tropics, and therefore the climate of Africa is characterized by high values \u200b\u200bof total solar radiation. Accordingly, a significant part of the mainland has high temperatures, and therefore Africa is considered the hottest mainland. There are areas where the air temperature is sometimes greater than 50 ° C.

In the latitudes of Africa over the ocean, constant winds are dominant - trade winds, which significantly affect the distribution of precipitation. Southeast Passat blows from the Indian Ocean, therefore brings wet air masses. Northeast Passat - from Eurasia, and causes dry weather. South-Western delaying mountains, which affect the redistribution of precipitation: the large number of them get coastal areas, there are few precipitation.

In the formation of the climate of the coast of Africa, sea currents play a significant role. Therefore, the reduced humidity is typical for the North-West coast (due to the cold Canary current), south-west, eastern (Somalia). On the contrary, the western and southeastern shores are well moistened due to warm currents (respectively, Guinean and Mozambique).

In the central part of the mainland, the air is evenly heated throughout the year. Temperature fluctuations are clearly manifested only in tropical and especially in subtropical latitudes. The climate is different, mainly by the amount and mode of precipitation. The greatest number of their number falls on Equatorial areas: the Congo River basin (Zaire) and the Gulf Coast - 2000-3000 mm per year, and on the slopes of the mountains - up to 9000 mm. North of 20 ° PN. sh. and south of 18 ° sh. The climate of Africa tropical, in the northern hemisphere desert, very dry. In Sahara, the amount of precipitation decreases to 100 mm and less per year; Eastern sugar is the most arid area of \u200b\u200bAfrica (10-20 mm precipitation per year).

Africa lies within seven climatic belts. Due to the fact that the equator crosses the mainland in half, climatic conditions are mirrored by the equator to the edges of the mainland. Equatorial, two subequatorial and two tropical belts are allocated on the territory of Africa. The extreme southern and northern parts of the mainland are located in subtropical belts.

The equatorial belt extends a narrow strip along the coast of the Guinean Bay and then deep into the mainland to the eastern coast of Lake Victoria. In this belt, all year round reigns are constantly wet and evenly hot equatorial air. The air temperature during the year is high here: 26 ° C - + 28 ° C. The total annual precipitation is more than 2000 mm, which are distributed evenly during the year.

3. List the main features of the African Rivers. Which of them depend on the relief, what - from climate?

The longest river of the world - Neil (6671 km). It begins on the East African Plateau and flows through Victoria Lake. In the upper flow of the river, rushing down the gorges, forms thresholds and waterfalls. Going to the plain, she flows slowly and calmly and gets the name of the white Nile. The city of Khartoum River merges with the waters of the largest tributary - the Blue Nile flowing from Ethiopian Highlands. After the fusion of the White and Blue Nile, the river becomes wider and gets the name of the Nile. On average, the Nile cuts up a plateau composed of solid rocks, so there were thresholds that prevented navigation. Now, thanks to the Dam's built in Aswan, shipping conditions are improved. In the bottom of the river flows calmly. When pushing into the Mediterranean Sea, it forms a large delta, in the place of which several tens of thousands of years ago was the bay Mediterranean Sea. The coolest and second on the length of the African River - Congo (Zaire) (4320 km). According to the pool and the area of \u200b\u200bthe pool, it is inferior only to Amazon. The river in two places crosses the equator and multi-year year round. Congo (Zaire) flows on a plane's ledge, so there are many thresholds and waterfalls. Shipping is possible only in some sections. The river, in contrast to the Nile, does not form a delta, her muddy fresh waters are far away in the Atlantic Ocean. The third largest pool area of \u200b\u200bthe Africa River - Niger. On average, this is a flat river, and in the upper and lower current of its many thresholds and waterfalls. On a significant part of the river crosses arid territories, therefore it is of great importance for irrigation, dams and irrigation canals are built on the river. Zambezi is the largest of the rivers of Africa flowing into the Indian Ocean. Here is one of the world's largest waterfalls - Victoria. The river with a wide stream (1800 m) drops with a ledge of 120 m height in a narrow gorge that crosses its channel.

The source of the river is located in the area of \u200b\u200bblack swamps in the north-west of Zambia, among the hills covered with a forest at an altitude of about 1500 meters above sea level. Eastern source is a belt belt with rather steep northern and southern slopes, lying between 11 and 12 degrees of southern latitude. This belt passes a watershed between the Congo and Zambezi rivers pools. He clearly separates the Lupala River pool (the main influx of the Upper Congo) from Zambezi. In the vicinity of the source, the watershed is expressed implicitly, but these two river systems are not connected. Zambezi is a powerful river. Although the length of Zambezi takes only a fourth place in Africa, but in terms of annual flow, it goes to second place and is inferior only to the Congo River. Food Zambezi mainly gets from abundant summer rains (in these latitudes summer lasts from November to March). At another time of the year, the river is much less complete. The river mode is characterized by a rapid decrease in the water level in March and the subsequent rise in November. In order to prove the dependence existing between the inner waters and the relief, it is necessary to trace the nature of the flow of rivers and the form of the lakes. Mountain rivers differ from the lowest rivers, high shores, the presence of thresholds and waterfalls. Lake Tanganic, located along the line of the Great African Fault, has an extended shape in the meridional direction. The lake length is almost 10 times higher than its width. On the nature of the climate, the fullness of rivers and lakes depends, the mode of their filling water. One of the main sources of nutrition of rivers and lakes are atmospheric precipitation. Therefore, it can be safely argued that rivers and lakes located in the field of equatorial climate are more perpetrated compared to rivers and lakes located within the tropical desert climate. Shallow Lake Chad, located within the subequatorial climatic belt, periodically changes its form, increasing and decreasing twice. Such a transformation is associated with the frequency of incoming water from the rivers flowing into the lake. Thus, we see an obvious dependence that exists between the relief, climate and inner waters.

Completeness of the whole year (Congo), or dependence on rains in lower reaches and high spills (NIL).

4. What natural zones prevail in Africa? What are their features and what are they explained? What areas of which zones are most favorable for agriculture?

Africa mainly plain mainland. Mountain systems occupy only the northwestern (atlas of the mountains) and the southern (Cape Mountains) of the outskirts of the mainland. The eastern part of Africa (High Africa) is engaged in highly raised and crushed terrestrial crust shifts by East African flat locale. Here are the highest peaks of the mainland - the gigantic extinct and active volcanoes of Kilimanjaro, Kenya, etc. Features of the development of Africa determined the main features of the structure of its surface. For most of the mainland, there is a plain relief with a wide development of alignment surfaces from permo-carbon and triad to non-heugenic and even quaternary and separately protruding among them with chuck and volcanic mountains. Thanks to its geographical position (mostly in a hot illuminated belt), Africa is the fierce mainland of the Earth. Thanks to its geographical position (mostly in a hot illuminated belt), Africa is the fierce mainland of the Earth. It gets more solar heat and light than any other mainland. This is the only continent extending from the equator about the same distance to the Northern and South Hemisphere. The sun throughout the year between the tropics is high above the horizon, and twice a year at any point is in Zenith. The main features of the climate are determined primarily by the position of the main part of the mainland in tropical and equatorial latitudes. Against the background of constantly high air temperatures, the main differences in the climate of individual areas are determined by the amount of precipitation and the duration of the rainy season. In tropical latitudes there are huge deserts, closer to the equator - the areas of summer rains, in the equatorial zone of precipitation fall throughout the year. Extensive spaces have acute lack of moisture. The continentality of the climate is particularly sharply pronounced in the northern part of Africa thanks to its large size and near the neighborhood of Eurasia. The Western shores of the continent in tropical latitudes are washed with cold currents - Canary and Bengelsky, cooling air lying over them so much that its lower layers up to a height of about 500 m are becoming noticeably colder than. This eliminates the possibility of developing ascending currents and precipitation. Therefore, along the Western shores in tropical latitudes are the propheanic deserts. The south-east coast, on the contrary, is washed by a warm Mozambic course, which enhances the instability of the air masses and contributes to the fallout of precipitation on the mountain slopes of Eastern and South Africa. Most of the Africa is under the influence of the transmission circulation of both hemispheres. The northern hemispheres coming from sushi carry continental air with low relative humidity. The Passat of the South Hemisphere, coming from the Indian Ocean, is carried to the eastern outskirts of the mainland mass of wet-unstable air. The distribution of the river network and drain on the continent is extremely uniformly, which depends mainly on the difference in climatic conditions, the relief and the nature of the breeds of certain regions. Along with areas having a thick hydrographic network and large lakes, the huge spaces of Africa are almost or completely devoid of a local river network. Many rivers do not reach the ocean and end in intrama-matericular sleeping depressions. Almost all rivers of the continent have rain food. Only in the deserts and semi-desert foods are soil, and at high peaks of the Atlas and East Africa, the origins of the rivers are also powered by the waters of snow and glaciers. In the extreme north and south, the zones of severe evergreen forests and shrubs are located, then the semi-desert zones and deserts, savannah, alternating and constant wet forests are followed. The latitudinal zonality is violated only in the territory of the mountains and Nagrai, but they are a bit on the mainland.

Nature Savannnes, most favorable for agriculture. A distinctive feature of Savannan is the alternation of arid and wet seasons, which occupy, about six months, replacing each other.

5. Name the several of the most prominent natural objects of Africa.

Sugar, Kilimanjaro Volcano, Victoria Waterfall, River Neal.

6. What natural wealth Has Africa possesses?

Crude oil, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, copper, diamonds, gold. Chrome ore, tungsten, mica, silver, hydropower resources, fish, salt.

7. Give examples of changes in Africa's nature. So that you are offered to stop the offensive deserts to the savannah.

Back in the XIX century. Africa was represented as a continent of virgin nature. However, then the nature of Africa was significantly changed by a person. The forest area was reduced, which were crushed in centuries and burned under arable land and pastures. Especially great damage to the nature of Africa was inflicted by European colonialists. The hunt, carried out by the sake of profit, and often athlete interest, led to massive extermination of animals. Many animals are completely destroyed (for example, some kinds of antelope, zebras), and the number of other (elephants, rhinos, gorillas, etc.) is greatly reduced. Europeans exported expensive wood to their countries. Therefore, in a number of states (in Nigeria, etc.) there was a danger of the complete disappearance of forests. The territory at the site of the detached forests occupied under cocoa plantations, oilseed palms, peanuts, etc. So on the site of equatorial and variable-wet forests, savannes were formed (Fig. 59). Significantly changed nature and primary savannah. There are huge areas of plowed lands and pastures. In connection with the incorrect management of agriculture (burning, excessive grazers, as well as cutting down trees and shrubs), for many centuries, the savanna is inferior to the deserts. Only over the past half a century, sugar has moved significantly to the south and increased its area by 650 thousand km2. The loss of agricultural land leads to the death of cattle and crops, to the famine of people.

Stop cutting out forests, planting vegetation, desert flood, streamline economic activity.

8. What do you think will happen to the borders natural zonesif Africa Nature Protection measures are taken?

The zone of Savannan and Equatorial forests will decrease, and the desert, including sugar, will expand.

9. What cards will you enjoy to describe the nature of Madagascar? What data can be obtained from each card?

Physical (relief), climatic (precipitation, middleweight temperatures of January and July, flow), map of natural zones (vegetation, animals).

10. What nations inhabit Africa and how are they distributed on the mainland?

Africa is populated with a variety of nations. Other peoples were added to the indigenous people for a long history, the roots of the origin of which are not related to this mainland. The colonization of Africa contributed to the resettlement of peoples living in Asian countries, Europe, America. The Arab peoples populate the north of the mainland. Central I. southern regions The peoples of the Negroid race are populated. In the north and south of the mainland, descendants of Europeans live: French, the British, the Dutch.

11. What changes occurred on political map. Africa for the last 40-50 years? What do these changes indicate?

Many of the countries have gained sovereignty. This indicates that the peoples got the chances to build their states.

12. Name the Africa states known to you and their capital.

Algeria, the capital of Algeria. Ghana, the capital of Accra. Nigeria, the capital of Abuja. Ethiopia, the capital of Addis Ababa. South Africa, the capital of Pretoria. Egypt, Capital Cairo, Tunisia, Capital Tunisia.

13. Highlight among African countries that are located on the plains, and those that lie in the mountains.

On the plains are located: Egypt, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan, Algeria. Located in the mountains: Namibia, Botswana, South Africa.

14. In which parts of Africa would you like to take a journey? Why?

I would like to travel throughout the continent of Africa to see all the features, similarities and differences.

Etymology names of physico-geographical objects of Africa
Adenian Bay. Bay of the Indian Ocean. The name was received by Aden in the south of Arabian P-Ova. According to one version, the toponym is based on the Arab root in the meaning of "settlement", in another interpretation, the name was formed by the term from the ancient seven-khamitic languages \u200b\u200bedinu - plain, the steppe, which clearly reflects the natural features.

Azores. Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean. Belongs to Portugal. Named by Portuguese Ilhas Dos Azores - "Islands of Hawks" for the abundance of these birds off the coast and on the archipelago.

Amyranta Islands. Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. Opened as an expedition Admiral Vasco to Gama and are named after LLHAS De Almitante - "Admiral Island".

Annobon. Island in the Gulf of Guinea. Named by Portuguese Anno Bon - "Good Year" (New Year), because On the island, they first set foot on January 1, 1474

Atlas. Atla's russian mountains. In the north-west of Africa. The name has a direct connection with the name of the mythical titanium of the Atlas, which on its mighty shoulders holds the earthly sol. The ancient Greeks deified these mountains, worshiping the mountain spirit in the image of a petrified giant supporting land. So read the legend. Apparently, it was facilitated by a possible primary source from (Berber's "Adrar Berber", which means "Mountain"

Augrabis. Waterfall on r. Orange. The name comes from Gottentoti Aukrebis - "big noise".

Afar. Tectonic Wpadin in Djibouti. The lowest place in Africa (-153 m n.owa seas). The name is given by the name of the people of Afar living in Djibouti, Eritrea and Ethiopia.

Ahaggar. Mountain array in central sugar. The name comes from the name of the Tairegs of Kel-Ahaggar. At the heart of Etnonym, apparently lies the Arabic term "Ahgar" - cave, i.e. "Ahaggar" - "residents of the caves", "Spirits Caves."

Bab El Mandant Strait. Separates Africa and South-West Arabian P-Ova. The name comes from the Arab words "Bab" - Gate, Mandib - Tears, i.e. Means "Gate tears." Toponym metaphor reflects complex navigation conditions in the strait.

White Nile The name of the middle course of the Nile before the flow of blue. Arabic name River Bahr-El-Abead - "White River". According to experts, the definition of "white" refers to either a mutal color of water, or corresponds to an unknown color orientation.

Bengelege current. Cold flow in the Atlantic Ocean. The name is given in Benghel in Angola: in one of the languages \u200b\u200bof Benguela - "Country Country".

BENUE. Lei inflow p. Niger. The name comes from the language of Batta, where BE - "Water", Nue- "Mother", i.e. means
"Mother Waters",

Bio. Island in the Gulf of Guinea. Portuguese, opening biko, called it Formosa - "Beautiful" for the abundance of lush vegetation and the presence of fresh water. Later, the island called Fernando-on in honor of the Portuguese Chief Powder, and in the 70s of the 20th century, - Masia-Ngema-Biyoy and honor of the President of Equatorial Guinea. Bioo is a modified name, so it is difficult to call a true meaning.

Bush. General name of shrub formations of South Africa. Dutch and English geographical term Bush - "Shrub".

Waal. River, right inflow r. Orange, the name was given by Dutch colonists for the water color: Vaal - "muddy", "gray". Toponym is included in the name of one of the provinces of South Africa - Transvaal (Transvaal) - "Behind Waale".

Wadi, Weddy. The general name of the team of temporary watercourses of North Africa filled with water only during the rain period. Arabic geographical term "Wadi", "UEDD" - dry bed, valley.

Veld. The name of the arid plateau in southern Africa. In Dutch and Afrikaans (Afrikaner language), Veld is a popular geographical term in the "field" value.

Victoria. Lake in East Africa, the largest on the mainland. Unlike Victoria's waterfall, named by D. Livhingston in honor of Queen of Great Britain, the name of Lake Victoria was given by the traveler D.Pikik. Therefore, at present, other names located on the shores of the lake, other names are offered: Moorja - "Unity", Wuora - "Freedom", Shirikisho - "Association", Uhuru Na Umoja - State Motto of Tanzania, drawn on the coat of arms of the state.

Victoria. Waterfall on r. Zambezi. Opened by an outstanding English traveler David Livingston and is named after the Queen of Great Britain. Locals call Mosi-Oa-Tuna waterfall - "Rading smoke", or Seongo - "Rainbow Scene".

Virung. Volcanic mountains in East Africa. The name in the language of the people of Nyoro means "volcano".

Volta. River in West Africa. The name Rio-Da-Volta - the "Return River" was given by Portuguese, because In the XV century At the mouth of the river, their ships stopped before returning to their homeland. In Ghana on r. Volta created the reservoir of the same name is one of the largest in the world (8480 km 2).

Guardfuju. Cape in the east of P-oval. Scientists believe that the name is educated from the GUARDAFU portuguese distorted by Arabs - "Beware", which is associated with hazardous navigation conditions. There is a long time that there is a magnetic mountain of the very eastern tip of Somalia Peninsula, which attracts the iron parts of the ships approaching it. As a result, the ships, approaching it, was broken about the rocks. The most narrow shelf zone is here. With a strong wind, a high wave, a bad visibility, the ships often endured the peninsula, and they were broken about coastal reefs. The word "Guardafui" was a warning of sailors who floated past this cape.

Guinean bay. Atlantic Ocean Bay at the Western Coast of Africa. Named in the historical and geographical area of \u200b\u200bGuinea washed by him. There are several versions of the origin of the toponym Guinea. According to one of them, the name is the name of the Berber tribe Kinava (Arabic scientist Ibn-Yakut in the XIII century. Mentioned the edge of Kinava). Another point of view is based on the fact that Toponym is formed by the Berber words "Agvinau" - "black" or "iguven" - "dumb" (that is, not knowing the language of Berberov) and referred to the territory populated by black tribes. Later, the Europeans distorted the original word in Gunua, Ginua and, finally, in Guinea.

Strait of Gibraltar. Separates Africa from the Pyrenean Peninsula in Europe. Named on the rock of Gibraltar on the European Side of the Strait. The modern form of the name of the cliff arose as a result of centuries-old use and transformation of the primary Arabic Jebel-El Tarik - "Mount Tarika".

Blue Neal. The largest influx of the Nile. In Ethiopia, the river is called Abbai - "Father Waters, and in the Arab countries Bahr el-Azrak -" Blue River ". Colorsoe Title, according to some scientists, reflects the color of water in the river carrying bluish il.

Good Hope. Cape in southern Africa. Opened in 1488 by the Portuguese navigator B.Diash and named it Cabo Tormentoso - "Cape of Storms". The name did not like the king of Portugal Zhuan II and at his order, Cape was renamed Cabo Da to Esperanza - "Cape of Good Hope", having in mind the hope of achieving a fabulously rich and attractive for Europeans of India. Some historians believe that at B.Diash immediately called the Cape with the name of good hope, and the above version is only a historical legend. However, it is impossible to prove or refute this hypothesis due to the lack of sources, modern swimming DRash.

Dragons Mountains. Located in South Africa. It is assumed that the mountains are named by the name of one of the European colonizers of Harrow Drainstein. Etymologically, the surname consists of two words: Draken - "Dragon", Stein - "Stone".

Zambezi. River in South Africa. Previously, the name of the river on the maps was transmitted in a variety of options; Ambezi, Luambezi, Liambey, etc. According to modern toponyms, the primary form of names is Ambezi (or Ambey), which in local languages \u200b\u200ba bow means "Big River". The same value is the name of the river in the middle course in the language of Tonga - Murongo-Mucuri, which is the cataca of the main toponym.

Zanzibar.Island in the Indian Ocean at the eastern shore of Africa. Toponym comes from the Persian, the term "bar" - "shore", "edge" and the ethnonym "Zinj", which is based on the Arab or Persian "Zang", "Zeng" - "black". Zindji is the collective name of the Neosal African Negroid tribes in medieval Muslim literature.

Green Cape. Located on the Peninsula to the same name to the east of the m. Almadi. Named in 1445 by the Portuguese, D. Didash Cabo Verde - "Green Cape", because He was the first seaman seamans covered with tropical flora, which sharply contrasted with the sands of the Sahara.

Green Cape Islands. Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean. Named by m. Green, against which is located. The transfer of the names of the islands into other languages \u200b\u200bis adopted in the form of translation, in contrast to the name of the state located on them.

Needle.Cape, the most southern tip of Africa. Opened in 1488 by B.Diash and named Cabo Sao Brandao - Cape Sv.Brange, because The opening occurred on the day of this saint. However, soon the name was changed, and Cape was on maps called Agulhas - needle. The word Agulha in Portuguese means "needle", "boom". Modern toponymists are based on the name of the Portuguese metaphorical term Agulha in the value of "peak", the vertex. Based on this, the toponym is comprehended as "Cape of Peaks", and the cause of the nomination served as an acuteness of the rocky cape.

Idi-amin-dada; Edward. Lake in East Africa. Opened in the XIX century. And Edward is named after the Crown Prince of Great Britain. In 1971, President Idi Amin Dada came to power in Uganda, and the lake called him name. To this day, both names have been preserved behind the reservoir.

Kabareg. Waterfall and national park on r. Victoria-Neal in Uganda. The waterfall is open in the XIX century. and named Murchison in honor of Rhrung Merixon, an outstanding geologist, President of the London Royal Geographical Society. In 1962, renamed in honor of the National Hero of Uganda, a fighter with English colonialists Cabareg II.

Calahari. A semi-desert area in South Africa, the toponym is based on the geographical term from the Karaha Gottentotov language - "terrain of sand and stone." The interpretation of the name from the TSSvan language, where Karri-Karri - "" tormented by thirst "or" painful "is currently recognized by toponymists unlikely. Dutch migrants Buras called Bosjeveld semi-desert -" field of barbed shrubs ", which reflected the specifics of vegetation.

Cameroon. Volcanic array in Equatorial Africa. Portuguese Funcharchal Fernan Gomizh, sailing past the coast of Africa in the Equatorial waters of the Guinean Gulf, noticed a high mountain, which he wanted to learn more. He sent the detachment of the bolt deep into the mainland. On the way they met an obstacle in the form of a small river with clean transparent water, which was very by the way, since they needed to replenish the reserves of drinking water. Filling the kegs with delicious water, the sailors saw in the river the abundance of crabs, after which the fun caught the crabs and shrimps and delivered to the ship. And the river flowing in close proximity to the mountain was called Rio Des CamaroEs (CamarweS), which in the rende of Portuguese means "Krabov River". At the same time, the Mount Cameroon also received such a name, and later the state was called. Local residents have long experienced a superstitious fear of the Snow Volcanic Top Cameroon and call it "Maanga Ma Loba, which means" Heavenly Mountain "or" God's Mountain ".

Canary Islands. Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean. Belongs to Spain. Islands are known to the ancient time under the Latin name insulas Fortunatae. Spaniards who visited the archipelago at the beginning of the XV century, called the Islas Canarias - "Dog Islands". According to one version, the sailors saw a large number of dogs on the shores of the islands, which was the reason for the appearance of toponym. According to another version, the archipelago was called the main island of Gran Canaria. And the island - in the fabulous country, Canary, referred to in medieval European legends.

Canary current.Cold flow in the Atlantic Ocean. Named by Canary about you.

Cape mountains. Located in southern Africa. Named according to the Kapskaya Colony founded by the Dutch, which received the name at the initial location on the M. Good Hope (Gol. Kaar - "Cape"). With the expansion of the colony, the name has spread to the mountains. National etymology connects toponym with Dutch kaar - "Profit", i.e. The colony was allegedly named as the fact that he brought a big income of the treasury. However, there is no scientific evidence to this interpretation.

Carr. The general name of semi-desert plateau and intermountain depression in South Africa. The name is the names of the Gottentot geographic term of Karusa - "dry", "anhydrous" by the boots - "dry", "anhydrous", which clearly reflects the natural conditions.

Kenya. Volcanic array in East Africa. Toponymists see the toponym of the Masai term "Kei-Niya" - "White Mountain", which is associated with the presence of glaciers and snow on the top of the mountain.

Kilimanjaro. Volcanic array in East Africa. The highest point of the mainland. The origin of the name Kilimanjaro scholars are associated with a distorted Europeans with a word from the Sauhili language, which has the meaning of the "God Hod Mountain", or, according to another version, "a mountain that shines."

Comoros. Archipelago in the Mozambic Strait of the Indian Ocean. The islands are known to the Arabs from the VIII century, they called the Jezair-Al-Romr archipelago, "The Luna Islands", which was associated with the spread of the cult of this shine. The Portuguese borrowed the Arabic name in a distorted form of codes, which he gained on European maps.

Congo; Zaire.River in Equatorial Africa. The mouth of the river opened in the XV century. Portuguese D. Kalka and called him Rio Da Padrao - "River Padran" (Padran - a stone pillar, which put the Portuguese in honor of the discoveries, caring the coat of arms, the name of the king and the discoverer on it). The name did not fix it, and the river was renamed Congo - the so-called the country and the people who lived in it to the coming of Europeans. Locals call the river at different sections of the flow in different ways: nzadi or nzari - "River absorbing all others" or "Great River" (a distorted form of Zaire appeared from this name), Zembere - "Mother of Waters"; Kulla - "Great Water", and in the upper course of Lualaba - "big re".

Red sea. Sea of \u200b\u200bIndian Ocean between Africa and Arabian P-Ova. In ancient Egypt, a great greens was called, later - the Arabian Bay, in the Greeks Pelagos Eritré ("Eritros" - "Red"), from where they got into European languages. There are several versions of the origin of toponym. One of them, the name is given for the red shade of water into the sea. Another version is based on an ancient color orientation among the peoples of the East, where the south was designated in red. Another version of the interpretation of toponym was noted - from the ethnic name of the ancient tribe of Hamarites, which meant "red".

Kruger. National Park in South Africa. Named in honor of Stefanus Kruger - President of the Bristian Republic Transval: Commander of the army of the boots in the war with the UK 1899-1902.

Libyan desert. Located in Sahara. The name is given according to the ancient name of Africa - Libya, which comes from the ethnonym "Luba".

Livingston Waterfalls. Located in the lower river. Congo (Zaire). Named in honor of the outstanding researcher of Africa, Scots by origin, D. Livingston.

Limpopo. River in South Africa. The etymology of the name is unknown. Dutch colonists Buras called the Krokodil River River - "Crocodile River" for the abundance of these reptiles in her waters.

Mauritius. Island in the Indian Ocean. The Dutch, capturing the island, called him Mauritius - Mauritius in honor of the Netherlands Prince Mauritius (Mauritius; Maurice) Orange.

Maghreb. The total Arabic name of the North-West Africa since the days of the early Middle Ages: "Magrib" - West.

Madagascar. Island in the Indian Ocean. Known by Arab Morakhodam as Jesira Al-Komr - "Moon Island", which is associated with the cult of this shine. In the XVI century Portuguese called SAO Lourenzo Island - St. Lorence, because They saw the land of Madagascar on the day of this saint. The French, won the island in the XIX century, called it ILE Dauphine - "Dofina Island" (i.e. the heir to the throne). Malagasy residents call their homeland Nossi Damba - "The Island of the Wild Vepray" or Tani-Be - "Great". Toponym Madagascar in a distorted form Madeigaskar first meets Marko Polo (xiii century). According to scientists, on its basis - the ethnic name of Malagasi, as is now called the inhabitants of the island.

Madeira. Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean. Belongs to Portugal. Named by Portuguese Maderia - Forest, because It was indeed covered with forests, later completely cut down. The earliest names of the archipelago: Carthaginian Al-Agnam - Khod Island (for the abundance of these animals), at the Romans Insulae Purpurinae - "Purpur Islands" (for paint mined there).

Man'yara. National Park in Tanzania. Named Manyara, around which is located. Etymology of Hydronism is unknown.

Maskarensky O-Wa.Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. Opened in the XVI century. Portuguese expedition to Pedra di Mashkarenyasha (Maschenas) and named in his honor.

Mobutu-seed seed. Lake in East Africa. Opened in the XIX century. The British and named Albert in honor of the wife of Queen Victoria. In 1973, he was renamed in honor of the president of Zaire Mobutu SCS SEO. Locals are called the MButan Nzighe reservoir - the "reservoir of the dead shells" for the abundance of mollusks on the shores, or NYASA - the geographical term "lake" in the Languages \u200b\u200bof the bow. Perhaps one of these, names will become new official, which is associated with the death of President Mobutu.

Mozambique Strait. Shares Africa and about. Madagascar. Named by the state Mozambique. A similar origin of the title of warm Mozambique flow in the Indian Ocean.

Nakuru. National Park in Kenya. Named Nakuru, within which it was created. Etymology of Hydronism is unknown.

Namib. Desert in the south-west of Africa. There are two versions of the origin of toponym from the languages \u200b\u200bof the Gottentot tribes. For one of them, NAMIB - "shield"; On the other, "what they bypass" (dangerous, lifeless). The second version of the interpretation reflects the complexity of natural conditions in the desert,

Nasser. Reservoir on r. Neal in Egypt. Named in honor of the President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser, during the reign of which the reservoir was created and the Asuan dam was built.

NGORONORO. Reserve in Tanzania. Named about LV. NGoronoro, in the crater of which is located. Etymology is unknown.

Niger. River in West Africa. The name is a distorted portuguese and other Europeans by the Berbery name of the River N "Egypt -" River ". In different parts of the flow, there are various names in local languages: in the upper reaches of Joliba -" Greater Water "; on average and Nizhny Quara -" River ", Issa Bari - "Great River"; Mayo - "River". An explanation of the name from the word Niger in the meaning of the "black" from European languages. Modern toponymists consider incorrect.

Nile. The longest river Africa and the whole world. The oldest form of the name of the Aur River is "hiding" (i.e., with an unknown source). Egyptians called her Hapi in honor of God fertility and crop. Modern Arabs call the El Bahr River - "River". Toponym Nile in the form of naulos is first found in the ancient Greeks. Romans borrowed it as nilus. On one of the versions, the toponym is based on the ancient term "Nazal" - "River", changed by the Greeks. According to another version, the Greeks borrowed the word LIL in the Libyan tribes - "water", distorting it in Nil. Philologists note the possibility of such a transformation.

Nubian desert. Located in the northeast of Africa. Named according to the historical region of Nubia, located between the Nile Rights. The toponym is based on the ancient Egyptian word "Nuba" - "Gold". In antiquity there were the largest mines here, from where the gold was received to the Palace of Pharaoh.

Nyasa; Malawi. Lake in East Africa. Toponym formed by the popular geographical term from the languages \u200b\u200bof the Nyasa - "Lake" bow. In the Republic of Malawi, Lake officially referred to Malawi on the main people of this country.

Orange. River in South Africa. Gottentotes called her Kai Garib - a large river, the Dutch migrants of the Groat River Bura with the same meaning. At all times, people often gave names to objects (rivers, lakes) in the color of water or shore. But the name of the orange river to the color does not have any relationship. Such a name she was given by immigrants from the Netherlands (Holland) Bura in honor of the princes of the Orange - the then rulers of the Netherlands. From someone's easy hand, and perhaps the name of the transformation, the name Orange turned into an orange.

Principe. Island in the Gulf of Guinea. Opened in the XV century. Portuguese expedition and named PRINCIPI - "first", because He was the first exposed this expedition to the island. According to another version - "Prince".

Reunion. Island in the Indian Ocean. Named at the end of the XVIII century, the French Reunion is "compound", because The inhabitants of the island decided to unite with about. Mauritius in a single administrative district. The name has changed repeatedly: in the XVI century. Portuguese Santa Apollonia (in honor of St. Apollonia), in the XIX century. - Bonapart (in honor of Napoleon), Ile de Burbon - "Bourbon Island" (in honor of the kings dynasty). From 1848 - again Reunion.

Ruvenzori. Mountain array in East Africa. The height of the mountains was reflected in their name: in local languages \u200b\u200ba bow of Ruwenzori - "Lord of the Clouds". By the name of the mountains are called the National Park in Uganda.

Savannah. Borrowed by the Spaniards at the end of the XV century. From the Language of Caribbean Indians (or Aravakov), where Sabana is "High-retarded plain", "open space". The general name of the zonal type of landscape.

Sao Tome. Island in the Gulf of Guinea. Opened by Portuguese on St. Tome's Day (Thomas) and named Sao Tome in his honor.

Sahara. Desert in North Africa. The name is formed by the Arabic geographical term "sugar" - "desert" in the form of a plural, i.e. Sugar - "Desert". According to philologists, the term is based on the Arab "Ashar" - "reddish", which reflects the dominant color and the color of the desert.

Sahel. The strip of semi-desert and deserted savannah in North Africa. The name is assigned to Arabs in the Middle Ages; "Sahel" - "shore", "edge", "border", or rather - "shore of the desert".

Saint Helena Island. Located in the Atlantic Ocean. Opened by Portuguese on the day of St. Elena and named in her honor. The worldwide fame received as a place of reference and death of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Seychelles. Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. Named in the XVIII century. French in honor of the Minister of Finance Moro de Setwege (Seychelles)

Senegal. River in West Africa. According to one version, the toponym is based on the name of the Berber tribe of Senega, go Santa. Other toponymists believe that the name of the ancient city of Senegana passed on the river. In the past, Toponym was explained as "shipping", however, due to the lack of evidence, this option does not consider modern scientists.

Serengeti.National Park in Tanzania. Named the Serengeti Plateau, within which it is located. The toponym is based on the term from the language of Masaev Serenget - "Spacious", which fully corresponds to geographical realities - extensive savannam on the territory of the plateau.

Socotra. Island in the Indian Ocean. The name of the island was given by Indian nauticals: Dviz Sakhadar - "Island of the foreclosure of good luck." Later is the name, reflecting the value of the island as an essential nodal point on the ancient seaways from India Pa West, was transformed under the influence of Arabic in Socotra.

S. I. Rundkov

Natural land objects. AFRICA:

Geographic nomenclature and guidelines

Saransk 2010.

AFRICA

Mice

NEEDLE

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image003_1.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 125 "height \u003d" 120 src \u003d "\u003e Yu. Sh., 19 ° 59" in. d.). Located on the territory of the South Africa republic, in 155 km south-east of the Cape of Good Hope.

Rasha Hafun

Hafun, Cape on the Men Somalia, the extreme eastern point of the African continent (10 ° 26 "northern latitude and 51 ° 23" Eastern longitude).

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image014.gif "width \u003d" 19 "height \u003d" 40 "\u003e. GIF" ALT \u003d "(! Lang: Signature:" align="left" width="316" height="130 src=">.jpg" align="left" width="94" height="64"> Эль-Абьяд, мыс на побережье Средиземного моря, в 13 км к северо-западу от г. Бизерта (Тунис). Самая северная точка Африки (37° 21° с. ш. и 9° 45° в. д.).!}

Bays and bays

Cider (Big Sirt)

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image021_0.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 106 "height \u003d" 83 src \u003d "\u003e cider (East. Large Sirt) - a large bay of the Mediterranean Sea At the shores of Libya, depth to 1374m, width to 465km (at the entrance to the bay).

Gabes.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image023.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 136 "height \u003d" 112 src \u003d "\u003e Gabes - the Bay of the Mediterranean Sea near the north shores of Africa, in ancient times they called Small Sirt. Washes the territory of Tunisia. Extends on more than 100km and has a depth of about 50m. In the southern part of the entrance to the bay is the island of Djerba, and in North - Kerkenna Island

TUNISIAN

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image029.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 232 "height \u003d" 96 src \u003d "\u003e Tunisian Bay - a large bay of the Mediterranean Sea near the northern coast of Africa, Washes the territory of Tunisia. On the southern shore of the bay, where the capital of Carthage was previously located, the city of Tunisia is now located.

Guinea

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image031_0.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 126 "height \u003d" 86 src \u003d "\u003e

BENIN

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image034.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 131 "height \u003d" 102 src \u003d "\u003e Benin - Bay in the Atlantic Ocean on southern coast West Africa, part of the Gulf of Guinea. It extends to 640 km to the east of the Cape Saint-Paul (Ghana) to the mouth of the Niger River. Benin Bay Water is washed by the coast of Ghana, Togo Benin, Nigeria.

Biafra

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image037_1.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 104 "height \u003d" 81 src \u003d "\u003e Biafra - Bay in the Atlantic Ocean, part of the Guinean Bay. Water The bay is washed off the coast of Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Laymen and Gabon.

Adensky

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image039.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 298 "height \u003d" 169 src \u003d "\u003e

The Aden Bay is part of the Arabian Sea of \u200b\u200bthe Indian Ocean. Length 890km. The North Bay of Bay is the Arabian Peninsula (Yemen State). The South and West Bay of the Bay is African Continent (Somalia and Djibouti states). In the West, the Bay of Tajura is distinguished, in the south-east, the bay is separated from the rest of the Indian Ocean to Socotra (Yemen). The bay is connected to the Red Sea Bab El Mandantry Strait.

Straits

Gibraltar

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image042.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 148 "height \u003d" 102 src \u003d "\u003e Gibraltar Strait - an international strait between the southern tip of the Pyrenean Peninsula and North - The coast of Africa, connecting the Mediterranean Sea with the Atlantic Ocean. Length 65km, width 14-44 km.

Bab El Mandant

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image045.gif "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 186 "height \u003d" 165 src \u003d "\u003e Bab El Mandsky Strait - a shed between southwestern The tip of the Arabian Peninsula (the state of Yemen) and Africa (Djibouti and Eritrea states). Connects the Red Sea with the Aden Bay of the Arabian Sea. The smallest width is 26.5km, the smallest depth on the fixer 182m.

MOZAMBICAN

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image048_0.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 123 "height \u003d" 102 src \u003d "\u003e

Ocean flows

Canary

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image051_0.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 172 "height \u003d" 161 src \u003d "\u003e canary current - cold and, subsequently, a moderately warm force In the northeastern part of the Atlantic Ocean. Most water canary flows in Azores and Portuguese current, as well as from the water-rich and rich water minerals. At the beginning it proceeds in the southern and south-west direction along the North-West Coast of Africa and the Canary Islands .

Bengelskoe

Mozambique

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image059.gif "width \u003d" 20 "height \u003d" 112 "\u003e gif" width \u003d "19" height \u003d "75"\u003e. gif "width \u003d "64" height \u003d "115"\u003e

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image065.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 294 "height \u003d" 198 src \u003d "\u003e Amyrah Islands - Archipelago in the Western Indian Ocean to North East of Madagascar Island, approximately 300 km south-west of Seychelles. Participated by the Republic of Seychelles. Area 83 square kilometers.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image067.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 88 "height \u003d" 69 src \u003d "\u003e. jpg" align \u003d "left" width \u003d "148 "height \u003d" 115 src \u003d "\u003e

Canary

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image072.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 112 "height \u003d" 76 src \u003d "\u003e. jpg" align \u003d "left" width \u003d "100 "height \u003d" 76 src \u003d "\u003e

Green Cape

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image076.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 100 "height \u003d" 76 src \u003d "\u003e. jpg" align \u003d "left" width \u003d "100 "Height \u003d" 76 src \u003d "\u003e The islands of the green cape are a cluster of 10 major and 8 small islands in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal, separated on the subvener and imaginary groups.

Madeira

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image081.gif "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 142 "height \u003d" 172 src \u003d "\u003e employees" href \u003d "/ text / category / sluzhashie / "REL \u003d" BOOKMARK "\u003e Employees of the guinea of \u200b\u200bthe Birds are the islands of the dessertash and the islands of Selwazh.

Sv. Elena

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image084.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 98 "height \u003d" 69 src \u003d "\u003e 148" height \u003d "40" style \u003d "vertical- Align: Top "\u003e Saint Elena Island is located in the Atlantic Ocean in 2800km to the west of Africa and belongs to the UK. The island of Saint Helena is the overseas ownership of Great Britain, somewhere except the island of St. Helena, enter the islands of Ascension and the Archipelago of Tristan Da-Kunya, as well as small islands and rocks.

Comorese

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image088.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 208 "height \u003d" 88 src \u003d "\u003e Comoros, the Union of Comoros (skate) on the archipelago -sov (Anjouan (Njuani) - 424 square meters. km, Grand Comor (Ngazjja) - 1146 square meters. km, Mayotte (Maor), Mokhli island State in the south-east coast of Africa. Located in the Mozambique Indian Ocean Prioction between the East Coast of Africa. and northwestern about. Madagascar.

Seychelles

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image091.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 89 "height \u003d" 100 src \u003d "\u003e Republic of Seychelles - island state in the western part of the Indian Ocean, A little south of the equator, approximately 1600km east of African mainland, north of Madagascar. The Republic includes more than 100 islands and islands, inhabited only 33. The most big Island - Mae (142 square meters. Km.). On him is the capital of the state - Victoria. Other large islands - silhouette, Praslin, La Dig.

Maskarensky

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image093.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 124 "height \u003d" 84 src \u003d "\u003e. gif" width \u003d "43" height \u003d "137 "\u003e Pemba

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image098.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 100 "height \u003d" 76 src \u003d "\u003e pemba, coral island in the Indian Ocean, in the eastern shore of Africa , Dissolved from the mainland of the Pemba Strait. The area of \u200b\u200b984 square meters. km. Part of Tanzania. Height up to 99m. Climate Equatorial-monsoon. precipitation up to 1000mm per year. The cloves are cultivated, coconut palm trees.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image102.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 132 "height \u003d" 89 src \u003d "\u003e Zanzibar - Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Tanzania, which And belongs. The largest islands - Pemba and Unguja, in everyday life also called Zanzibar.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image104.gif "width \u003d" 96 "height \u003d" 78 "\u003e. jpg" align \u003d "left" width \u003d "112" height \u003d "85 src \u003d "\u003e .gif" width \u003d "31" height \u003d "106"\u003e Madagascar is the fourth largest island of the world, located in the Indian Ocean, the eastern shore of Africa, separated from her Mozambique Strait. Island Area - 590 thousand square meters. km. Length is about 1600 km, width - over 600 km. The state of Madagascar is located on the island.

Socotra

Socotra-small archipelago from six islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Somalia, about 350km south of the Arabian Peninsula.

Guinean Gulf

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image116.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 184 "height \u003d" 116 src \u003d "\u003e The largest islands Boco, Sao Tome, Principe, Annobon. Bio - island in the Biafra Gulf (part of the Guinean Bay) of the Atlantic Ocean, the largest of the islands owned by Equatorial

Guinea; Ocean.

Peninsula

SOMALIA

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image118.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 125 "height \u003d" 107 src \u003d "\u003e Somalia (African Horn) - Peninsula in the east of the African continent. From the north is washed by the waters of the Gulf of the Gulf, from the East - Indian Ocean. The territory of the peninsula is part of the Somalia state, part - in Ethiopia. Area is near sq. M. Km.

River

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image120.gif "width \u003d" 97 "height \u003d" 59 "\u003e NILE

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image123.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 92 "height \u003d" 63 src \u003d "\u003e Nile - River in Africa, one of the two greatest longs rivers in the world. The river originates on the East African Plateau flows into the Mediterranean Sea, forming a delta. In the upper course, it takes major tributaries - Bahr el-Gazal (left) and Achva, Sat, Blue Nile and Atbara (right). Below the mouth of the right influx of Atbara Nile flows on the semi-desert, without having tributaries over the past 3000km. The length of the Nile (with Cavero) - about 6700km (the number is most often 6671km), but from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean Sea - approximately 5600km. The area of \u200b\u200bthe pool, according to various sources - 2.8-3.4 million square meters. km. (Fully or partially covers the territory of Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan and Egypt).

Atbara

Atbara (Arab. Bahr-El Asuad) - River in Africa (in Sudan and Ethiopia), the right influx of Nile (flowing into the Nile River near the city of Atbara in Sudan). The source is located near Lake Tana in Ethiopia. Flows predominantly on Sudanese plateau.

Blue Nile

Blue Nile is significantly shorter than white, but in the formation of the Nile regime below the Khartoum, it plays a much bigger role. Blue Nile originates from Abyssinian Highland, emerging from Tana Lake.

White Nile

Below the river's dog is obtained by the name of the White Neal (Bahr-El-Abead), leaves the bog region behind, and then calmly flows in a wide valley on semi-desert terrain to Khartoum, where it merges with the Blue Nile. From here to the Mediterranean Sea River is called Neil (El Bahr). The distance from Khartoum to Nimule Gorge is approximately 1800 km; Victoria Lake - about 3700km.

Cagra

Kager - River in East Africa, proceeds through the territory of Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, as well as partially on the borders between them. Is the longest influx of the Nile. It is formed during the merger of the Rivers of Niavarongo and Rovuvo not far from Lake River, from where its length is 420km; If you count from the source of the River of the Svetrar, which is located in Burundi near the north edge of Lake Tanganyik and is the most remote from the mouth of the river system of the river system, then its length is about 800 km.

Congo

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image130.gif "width \u003d" 13 "height \u003d" 62 "\u003e Lualaba is the local name of the upper current of the Congo River, foreign researchers are described as the main influx of the Congo. It takes from the source on the plateau of the ball before the waterfalls Stanley in the Congo. The length of about 2100km. HPP was built in the upper thread. In the middle course of the river shipping (644km).

Lupula

Hopper "href \u003d" / "Rel \u003d" Bookmark "\u003e Topper River Congo). Some researchers are considered the main source of the Congo River (Zaire). Length (from the source of the Chambash) Over 1500km, the pool area is 265.3 thousand . sq. Km. Tenganica lakes starts the beginning of the south of Lake, flows several sleeves in Lake Bangveulu, then flows through Lake MVERU, below which is called Luvua.

Like

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image134.gif "width \u003d" 186 "height \u003d" 12 "\u003e

Lukuga

Lomami

Lomas - River in Africa, on the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the left influx of the Congo. Length 1450km, pool area about 110000 square meters. km. The river originates on the Katanga Plateau, flows to the north, forming numerous waterfalls and bystrin.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image139.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 256 "height \u003d" 255 src \u003d "\u003e Ubanga

Ubangga, River in Central Africa, the largest right influx of p. Congo (Zaire); proceeds on the borders of the Republic of Zaire with the Central African Republic and the People's Republic of Congo. Food is formed by r. Node and mb. The length of the source by the node is about 2300km (by other data, about 2500km), the area of \u200b\u200bthe pool is 772.8 thousand square meters. km.

Quango

Quango-river in Angola and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Quango River is the left tributary of the Kassai River. Its length is 1,100 carometry. The origins are in the Highlands of the Central Angola, the river flows mainly to the north. In its middle course, Quango forms the state border between Angola and Congo, overcomes the Waterfall of the Shut-Temko, then flows through the territory of Congo and below the city of Bandundu in Casa.

Casa

Casia, River to the center. Africa, the largest left tributary p. Congo, the stock is 20% of the Congo drain. Length 2153km, Pool area 880.2 thousand square meters. km. Takes the beginning of the Plateau Lunda, descends from its northern slope, forming picturesque thresholds and waterfalls; Separates Angola and Congo. The main tributaries on the right - Lulua, Sankur, Fimi-Lining, on the left - Quango.

Rufidzhi.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image145.gif "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 208 "height \u003d" 165 src \u003d "\u003e Rufiji - River in Tanzania. The river is formed when the Kilbero rivers configured And Louzega, originating in the mountains to the east of Lake Nyasa (Malawi). The length is about 600km, the source is in the southwestern part of Tanzania. In the upper reaches the mountain river. Below the waterfall Shukuli flows on the lowland in the wide valley. Flies in the Indian Ocean Next to the Mafia Island is about 200 km south of Dar Es Salam. Pool area 178 thousand square meters. Km. The main influx is Big Ruha.

Rouvuma

Interstate structures "HREF \u003d" / TEXT / CATEGORY / MEZHGOSUDARSTVENNIE_STRUKTURI / "REL \u003d" BOOKMARK "\u003e between states of Ami Tanzania and Mozambique. Length is about 800 km, the area of \u200b\u200bthe pool is 145 thousand square meters. Km. Takes the beginning in the mountains to V. from Lake Nyasa (Malawi), flows into the Indian Ocean. The largest influx - the r. Luzhdanda (right).

Zambezi

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image149.gif "width \u003d" 125 "height \u003d" 55 "\u003e Zambezi - fourth river in Africa. Pool area - 1 square meters. km, length - 2 574km. The source of the river is located in Zambia, the river flows through Angola, along the border of Namibia, Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe, to Mozambique, where it flows into the Indian Ocean.

Kwando

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image152.gif "width \u003d" 172 "height \u003d" 38 "\u003e Luangwa

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image154.gif "width \u003d" 100 "height \u003d" 31 "\u003e Limpopo.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image156.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 220 "height \u003d" 162 src \u003d "\u003e Limpopo - River in South Africa. Proceeds through the territory of South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique. Takes its origin on the slopes of the Withersrand Ridge, flows into the Indian Ocean. The length of the river is 1600 km, the square of the sq. M. km. Large tributaries: Basha, Ulifantts, Shangan.

Orange

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image158.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 160 "height \u003d" 147 src \u003d "\u003e. gif" width \u003d "116" height \u003d "47 "\u003e Shari, River in Central Africa (Tsai, Republic of Chad and on the border of the latter with Cameroon). Food is formed by r. UAM and Goningi; falls into lake. Chad. Length, according to various sources, 1400-1500km (from the source r. Um), the area of \u200b\u200bthe pool is about 700 thousand square meters. km.

NIGER

Niger is the most important river in West Africa. Length 4 180km, pool area 2 118 thousand square meters. km, third for these parameters in Africa after Nile and Congo. The source is in Guinea, then the river flows in Mali, Niger, along the border of Benin, then flows through Nigeria and flows into the Guinean Bay. The main tributaries of Niger: cute, baths (right); Sokhoto, Kaduna and Beniu (left).

BENUE

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image165.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 80 "height \u003d" 88 src \u003d "\u003e. gif" width \u003d "96" height \u003d "50 "\u003e Senegal - River in West Africa and forms a natural border between Senegal and Mauritania states. The length of the river is around 1970km. The area of \u200b\u200bthe river basin is 419575 square meters. km. The main tributaries: Fool, Karakoro and Gorgol.

GAMBIA

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image173.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 158 "height \u003d" 151 src \u003d "\u003e

Lakes

VICTORIA

Victoria - Lake in East Africa, in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. Located in the tectonic deflection of the East African platform, at an altitude of 1134 m. Area 68.870 thousand square meters. km, length 320km, the largest width is 275km. Multiple River Kager, flows out the Victoria-Neal River. The northern coast of the lake crosses the equator.

RUDOLF

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image180.gif "width \u003d" 78 "height \u003d" 58 "\u003e Kyoga is a major shallow-water lake, or rather the complex of lakes, in Uganda, the area is about 1720kv. km, It is located at an altitude of 914m above sea level. White Neil flows into a cogu on the way from Victoria Lake to Lake Albert.

Hruv

Arms, heartless shallow salt Lake In East Africa, on Yu.-Z. Tanzania. Lies in a tectonic depression at an altitude of 792m.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image185.gif "width \u003d" 16 height \u003d 16 "height \u003d" 16 "\u003e

Nyasa

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image188.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 220 "height \u003d" 112 src \u003d "\u003e Malawi (Nyasa) - Lake in Central and East Africa. The lake runs from the north to south, the length of 560km, the depth of 706m.

Bangveulu

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image191.gif "width \u003d" 137 "height \u003d" 66 "\u003e .jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 148 "height \u003d" 132 src \u003d "\u003e MVERU - Mountain Fresh Lake on the border of Zambia and DR Congo. Located at an altitude of 917m above sea level south-west of Lake Tanganica. Maximum length 110km, width 45 km, depth up to 27m. Shipping. In the lake there are bream and tilapia. Described by David Livingston.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image196.gif "width \u003d" 19 "height \u003d" 123 "\u003e .gif "width \u003d" 275 "height \u003d" 34 "\u003e Tana.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image201.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 315 "height \u003d" 78 src \u003d "\u003e Tana, Tana, Demba, Lake in Ethiopia, on Ethiopian Highlands, at an altitude of 1830m. length 75km, width to 70km. Area 3100-3600 square meters. Km. depth up to 70m.

CHAD

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image204.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 127 "height \u003d" 86 src \u003d "\u003e The surface of the lake is not constant: occupying about 27 thousand square meters . Km, the lake on the rainy time of the year is spread to 50 thousand, and in dry - it is reduced to 11 thousand square meters. km. km from the south in the lake, the Rivers of the Shari River with a wide and shallow divida and mbulu, from the West - Kamadugu Vaub, and From the east - the low-water Bar el-Gazal.

ASALAS

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image206.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 122 "height \u003d" 100 src \u003d "\u003e" Livingston Waterfall "- a system of thresholds and rapid in the lower current The Congo River, are located on the territory of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in Western Equatorial Africa. These named by the Scottish Researcher of Livingston, the "Waterfall" system is a spinning section of the river with a length of 350km with a total fall of 270m.

VICTORIA

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image208.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 122 height \u003d 94 "height \u003d" 94 "\u003e Stanley Stanley Waterfalls, waterfalls in the upper course of p. Congo (Zaire), between Ubundu and Kisangani, in the territory of the Republic of Zaire. 7 significant thresholds separated by the films, at a distance of about 150km; The total drop is about 40m.

Merchson

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image210.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 222 "height \u003d" 155 src \u003d "\u003e Atlas Mountains, mountain system in North. Africa; to the west. Parts of Morocco - three parallel. Chains: Average (high. Atlas or Idrar-In-Drenne with the top of Jebel-Ayashi. 4500 m., South Anti. And Sev. Er-Reef; in Algeria and Tunisia Two chains: on S. Mal. Atlas or Talla , on Y. Great Atlas (2300m.), between the Schott Plateau (1100m.).

Sugar Atlas

Sugar Atlas, the system of mountain ranges and arrays in Yu. Mountain country Atlas within Algeria. The height of 1200-1500 m, separate vertices over 2000m (Ice up to 2336m).

Antiatlas.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image223.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 124 "height \u003d" 89 src \u003d "\u003e Ethiopian (Abyssinian) Highlands - Mining system in the northeast Africa in Ethiopia, Eritrea, and in the north of Somalia. Average height m. The highest point - Mountain Rassed 4533m, fourth in height in Africa.

Mitumba, Mountains

Mitumba, mountain range in the center. h. Vost.-African Plateau, on the SE. and V. Congo (former Zaire). Folded by young volcanic and ancient crystalline rocks. Length with S. on Yu. OK. 400km, height up to 3305m. Flat tops prevail on several levels. Sowing. h. The ridge extends along the tectonic lowering engaged in Lakes Eduard, Kivu and Tanganyik.

Dragons Mountains

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image229.gif "width \u003d" 113 "height \u003d" 77 "\u003e

Cape Mountains

Caps of Mountains, Mountains on Y. Africa, in South Africa, between Port Elizabeth on V. and the mouth of R. Oliphants in the West. Length about 800km. Consist of several parallel ridges. The average height is 1500m, the highest - 2326m.

Ras-Dashan, Mountain

Rashan, the highest peak in the mountains of Semini on Ethiopian Highlands. Height 4620m.

KENYA

Kenya is the highest mountain of Kenya and the second highest mountain in Africa (after Kilimanjaro). The highest peaks are Batianm), Nelion) and Point Lenanam). The mountain is located in the central part of the country a little south of the equator in 150km to the north-northeast of Nairobi.

Kilimanjaro, Vulcan

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image234.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 173 "height \u003d" 120 src \u003d "\u003e Somalia - plateau, bordered in the southeast and north coastal lowlands. River - Dzhubba, Veby Shebeli. Most of the territory is a desert.

Darfur, Plateau

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image238.gif "width \u003d" 98 "height \u003d" 51 "\u003e High plateau is the common name of intergurged semi-desert plateau in the atlas. Height m in the West, 700-800m in the East. Located between the ridges of Tel Atlas on S. and the Sugar Atlas on Yu.

Basin-depressions

Bodele

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image241.jpg "align \u003d" left "width \u003d" 115 "height \u003d" 80 src \u003d "\u003e cattara - anhydrous waterfront in Egypt in the north of the Libyan Desert in Africa . Square. Km.

Kalahari.

Calahari, Wpadina in the central part of South Africa, which coincides with the Syneclese of the African Platform. Located on the territory of Angola, Zambia, Namibia, Botswana, South Rhodesia and South Africa. The area is about 630 thousand square meters. km.

Desert

Arabian

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image243.gif "width \u003d" 44 "height \u003d" 70 "\u003e Arabian desert, Sev.-Vost. h. Sahara (Egypt) between the Valley of the Nile and XP. Ettay extending along the Red Sea. On Yu. (At 22 ° C. sh.) Goes into the Nubian desert. The plateau is reduced from V. on Z. to the Nile Valley from 1000 to 200m, intensely dissected by valleys with dry beds (Wadi).

https://pandia.ru/text/78/225/images/image246.jpg "Align \u003d" Left "width \u003d" 149 "height \u003d" 114 src \u003d "\u003e Nubian

Nubian desert, in Africa, mostly in the territory of Sudan, between p. Neil and the Red Sea, from which it separates her ridge Ettay.

Libyan

Libyan desert, desert in Africa, in the northeast of Sahara, west of the river. Neil, within the eastern part of Libya, Western part of the Arab Republic of Egypt and the Northern part of Sudan. The area is about 2 million square meters. km.