East-Siberian Sea marginal sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic Ocean off the northeastern coasts of Asia, between the New Siberian Islands and about. Wrangel. In the west it borders on the Laptev Sea, connecting with it by the straits of Dmitry Laptev, Eterikan, and Sannikov, and north of Fr. Kotelny, in the east - with the Chukchi Sea, with which it is connected by the Long Strait and north of about. Wrangel. The northern border runs approximately along the 200 isobath m... The sea area within these limits is 936 thousand sq. km 2. Water volume 42 thous. km 3. Average depth 45 m, the largest - 155 m. Coastline cut relatively weakly. Forms the bays: Chaunskaya Bay, Kolymsky Bay, Omulakhskaya and Khromskaya Bay. There are several island groups in the sea: the Novosibirsk Islands (along the border with the Laptev Sea), Medvezhy, Aion and Shalaurova islands. Some islands are entirely composed of fossil ice and sand and are subject to intense destruction. Large rivers flow into the eastern m.: Kolyma, Alazeya, Indigirka, Khroma. The coast of the western part of the sea (from the New Siberian Islands to the Kolyma River) is low-lying, and the eastern coast (from the Kolyma River to the Long Strait) is mountainous, in places steep. V. m. Is located within the shelf. 72% of its bottom area is occupied by depths less than 50 m... The bed has a leveled relief and slopes gently in the north. The formation of the relief is played by the presence of permafrost strata and fossil ice, as well as thermal denudation and the associated surface leveling. The southern part is characterized by small troughs - flooded sections of riverbeds of preglacial and glacial times and depression tectonic origin... Bottom sediments - gray silt, off the coast - silt with sand. The climate is arctic. The average air temperature in summer is from 0 to 2 ° C in the north, up to 4 ° C in the south; in winter it reaches -28 ° С, -30 ° С. Precipitation 100-200 mm in year. The continental runoff in V. m. Averages 250 km 3 per year (90% in summer) and forms a water layer equal to 265 mm... The area of \u200b\u200bfreshened water (salinity less than 25 ‰) is 340 thous. km 2, i.e. more than 36% total area seas. Under the influence river waters the salinity of water in the south varies from 5-10 ‰ to 18-20 ‰. In the north, its value is about 30 ‰. The water temperature in summer near river mouths is from 4 to 8 ° С, in the open sea it rapidly decreases to 0 and -1 ° С. In winter, under the ice, the temperature, depending on the salinity, ranges from -1.2 to -1.8 ° C. In the deep layer, the temperature is below -1.5 ° C, salinity is about 30 ‰. The currents form a cyclonic circulation; in the northern part the current is directed to the west, in the southern part to the east. The tides are regular semidiurnal, the amplitude of level fluctuations is from 5-7 cm up to 25 cm... The magnitude of wind vibrations in some areas may exceed 2 m... IN winter time the whole sea is covered with ice. In summer, in the western part of the ice, the coastal zone with a width of several dozen km up to several hundred km; in the eastern part floating ice They usually keep off the coast throughout the summer, moving slightly towards the north only under especially favorable conditions. Valuable whitefish (muksun, broad, omul) are found in the coastal waters. Seals and walrus live among mammals; meets on ice polar bear... V. m. Is part of the Northern Sea Route (See Northern Sea Route). The main ports are Pevek (Chaunskaya Bay), Ambarchik (the mouth of the Kolyma). The beginning of the exploration of V.M. by Russian sailors dates back to the 17th century, when voyages on koches were made along the coast between river mouths. In 1648 S. Dezhnev, F. Popov and others sailed from the river. Kolyma in the east to the Bering Strait and to the river. Anadyr. In the 18th century. the first work was carried out to describe the coast and islands of the eastern m., maps were compiled. Particularly significant work was done by the participants of the Great Northern Expedition (1735-42). A more accurate description of the coast was carried out by the expeditions of P. Anjou (1822) and F. P. Wrangel (1820-24). In the 20th century. the maps were refined by K. A. Vollosovich (1909) and G. Ya. Sedov (1909), the hydrographic expedition of the Arctic Ocean (1911-14) on board the Taimyr ships. After a through voyage by the Northern Sea Route of the icebreaker Sibiryakov (1932), regular flights merchant ships. Lit .: Antonov V.S., Morozova V.Ya., Chernyaeva F.A., River Hydrology Soviet Arctic, "Tr. Arctic and Antarctic Scientific Research Institute ", 1957, v. 208; Dobrovolsky A.D., Zalogin B.S. Morya USSR, M., 1965. East-Siberian Sea.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M .: Soviet encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .
See what the "East Siberian Sea" is in other dictionaries:
East Siberian Sea ... Wikipedia
Geographical encyclopedia
The marginal sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic approx., Between Novosibirsk about you and about. Wrangel. Area 913 thousand km & sup2. Located offshore. Average depth 54 m, maximum 915 m. Ice covered most of the year. Salinity from 5. near river mouths to ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
EASTERN SIBERIAN SEA, the marginal sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic Ocean, between Novosibirsk about you and about. Wrangel. Pl. 913 thousand km2. Located offshore. Wed depth 54 m, maximum 915 m. B. h. of the year is covered with ice. Salinity from 5% 0 near ... ... Russian history
East-Siberian Sea - the Arctic Ocean, off the coast of Russia, between the Novosibirsk Islands and Wrangel Island. The area is 913 thousand km2, the depth is up to 915 m. Major islands: Novosibirsk, Bear, Aion. Bays: Chaunskaya Bay, Kolymsky, Omullakhskaya Bay. Fall ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
The marginal sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic Ocean, between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island. The area is 913 thousand km2. Located offshore. Average depth 54 m, maximum 915 m. Ice covered most of the year. Salinity from 5 ‰ close to ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
East-Siberian Sea - North Arctic Ocean, between Novosibirsk about you and about. Wrangel. The name was given in 1935 by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on the proposal of the Russian Geogr. about va. Until the beginning of the XX century. the sea did not have a specific name and was called Kolyma or Indigir after ... ... Toponymic dictionary
East-Siberian Sea - East Siberian Sea, the marginal sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic Ocean, between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island. In the west, the straits of Dm. Laptev, Eterikan and Sannikova communicate with the Laptev Sea, in the east by the Long Strait - with ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
East-Siberian Sea - East-Siberian Sea … Russian spelling dictionary
East-Siberian Sea - (East Siberian Sea) East Siberian Sea, part of the Arctic Ocean between Novosibirsk about you and about. Wrangel, north of Yakutia and Chukotka, Siberian regions of Russia ... Countries of the world. Dictionary
Books
- East Siberian Sea, Zonn Igor Sergeevich, Kostyanoy Andrey Gennadievich, Semenov Alexander Vyacheslavovich. The publication is dedicated to one of the smallest Russian northern seas - the East Siberian, which is part of the Arctic Ocean. The encyclopedia contains about 600 articles on hydrographic, geographical ...
Due to the harsh climate in the East Siberian Sea, its own life has developed. Only the most persistent flora and fauna live here, which have adapted to low temperatures. Its waters contain the same microscopic phytoalgae and organisms that are found in the neighboring Laptev Sea. Mostly diatoms are found, from time to time red and brown algae appear - in coastal area the western part of the sea. Compared to neighboring seas, there are few bottom inhabitants here. After all, not every species can survive in low temperatures. Therefore, only some species of crustaceans, valvates, echinoderms, and coelenterates are found.
Mammals of the East Siberian Sea include seals, beluga whales, cetaceans and walruses. Along with all the coastal zones of the northern seas, walruses are harvested on its territory, but only for the needs of the local population. Indeed, since 1956, walruses have been under state protection. The islands are also home to the polar bear, which is a semi-marine mammal. For the sake of food, smaller predators come to the shores of the East Siberian Sea, we are talking about sea otters and polar foxes.
There is no information that sharks live in the waters of this sea. Possibly, here you can find a polar shark - an inhabitant of the Arctic waters. Such a six-meter shark almost never comes to the sea surface. It feeds on the smallest organisms, animal remains and small fish. The polar shark is lazy, like many other Arctic giants, so you should not expect an attack on active living creatures. Scientists say that bathers in this harsh sea need not fear the teeth of man-eating sharks. Therefore, you can often meet travelers here.
The East Siberian Sea is the marginal sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic Ocean, located between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island. The straits connect the sea with the Chukchi Sea and the Laptev Sea. The banks are mountainous, poorly indented. The average depth is 66 meters, the maximum is 358 meters. The sea is covered with ice for most of the year. Salinity from 5 ‰ near river mouths to 30 ‰ in the north. The rivers flow into the sea: Indigirka, Alazeya, Kolyma, Bolshaya Chukochya. There are several bays on the coast of the sea: Chaunskaya Bay, Omulakhskaya Bay, Khromskaya Bay, Kolyma Bay, Kolymskaya Bay. Large islands: Novosibirsk, Lyakhovsky, De Long islands. There are no islands in the center of the sea.
EASTERN SIBERIAN SEA, the marginal sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic Ocean off the northeastern coasts of Asia, between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island. In the west it borders on the Laptev Sea, connecting with it by the straits: Dmitry Laptev, Eterikan and Sannikov, in the east - with the Chukchi Sea, with which the Long Strait joins. The northern border runs along the edge of the continental shelf, approximately along the 200 m isobath (79 ° north latitude). The area is 913 thousand km 2, the volume is 49 thousand km 3. The greatest depth is 915 m.
The coastline is relatively weakly indented. Bays: Chaunskaya Bay, Kolyma Bay, Omulyakhskaya and Khromskaya Bay. Islands: Novosibirsk, Medvezhy, Aion and Shalaurova. Some islands are entirely composed of fossil ice and sand and are subject to intense destruction. Large rivers flow into the sea: Kolyma, Alazeya, Indigirka, Khroma. The coast of the western part of the sea (up to the Kolyma River) is low-lying and composed of quaternary permafrost alluvial-marine sediments, including lenses of fossil ice. East Coast (from the Kolyma River to the Long Strait) mountainous, in places steep, composed of bedrocks; here the denudation type of banks is developed.
Topography and geological structure of the bottom. The East Siberian Sea is located mainly within the shelf, 72% of its bottom area is up to 50 m deep. The shelf is located within the North American lithospheric plate. The underwater relief of the shelf forming the sea bed is a plain sloping slightly from the southwest to the northeast. The bottom of the western part of the sea is a flat, shallow-water plain, the Novosibirsk shoal is located here. In the southern part, shallow troughs are noted - traces of ancient river valleys of preglacial and glacial times. The greatest depths are in the northeastern part. The seabed is composed of folded complexes (Mesozoic in the south and, possibly, more ancient in the north), dissected by Late Mesozoic riftogenic structures and overlapped by a thin cover of Cenozoic sediments. Modern bottom sediments consist mainly of sandy silt containing broken boulders and pebbles brought by ice.
Climate... The climate of the East Siberian Sea is arctic. In winter, under the influence of the Siberian High, cold southwestern and southern winds prevail over the sea. Average air temperatures in February are from -28 to -30 ° C (minimum -50 ° C); in July in the southern part from 3 to 7 ° С, in the northern - from 0 to 2 ° С. IN summer time the weather over the East Siberian Sea is predominantly cloudy with fine drizzling rain, sometimes sleet; northerly winds prevail. In autumn, on the coast, the speed of northwestern and northeasterly winds increases to 20-25 m / s; at a distance from the coast, the force of storm winds reaches 40-45 m / s, hair dryers contribute to the strengthening of the wind. There are 100-200 mm of precipitation per year.
Hydrological regime... The continental runoff into the East Siberian Sea is relatively small and amounts to about 250 km 3 / year, of which the Kolyma runoff is 123 km 3 / year, the Indigirka is 58.3 km 3 / year. All river runoff enters the southern part of the sea, 90% - in the summer. The main part of the East Siberian Sea is occupied by surface Arctic waters. In the estuarine areas, waters formed as a result of mixing of river and sea water are widespread. In winter, near river mouths, the surface water temperature varies from -0.2 to -0.6 ° C, and at the northern border of the sea from -1.7 to -1.8 ° C. In summer, the distribution of surface water temperature is due to ice conditions. In bays and bays 7-8 ° С, in ice-free areas 2-3 ° С, and at the ice edge about 0 ° С. The salinity of surface waters increases from southwest to northeast from 10-15 ‰ near river mouths to 30-32 ‰ at the ice edge. The East Siberian Sea is covered with ice for most of the year. In the eastern part, floating ice remains off the coast even in summer. A characteristic feature of ice is the development of fast ice, which is most widespread in the western shallow part of the sea, where its width reaches 600-700 km; in central regions - 250-300 km, to the east of Cape Shelagsky it occupies a narrow coastal strip of 30-40 km. By the end of summer, the fast ice is 2 m thick. Behind the fast ice, there are drifting ice - one-year and two-year, 2-3 m thick; ice drift depends on the circulation of air masses. Perennial Arctic ice is found in the north. In the western part of the sea, between fast ice and drifting ice, there is a long-term polynya along which the Northern Sea Route passes. The existence of a polynya in winter is associated with squeezing winds and tidal currents. In the eastern part, the fast ice joins the drifting ice and the ice hole closes. The currents form a cyclonic circulation; in the northern part the current is directed to the west, in the southern - to the east. The tides are regular semidiurnal, the amplitude of level fluctuations is up to 25 cm.
Research history... The beginning of the development of the East Siberian Sea by Russian sailors dates back to the 17th century, when navigations were made along the coast between river mouths. In 1648 S. Dezhnev and F. Popov sailed from the Kolyma River to the Bering Strait and to the Anadyr River. In the 18th century, the first works were carried out to describe the coast and islands of the East Siberian Sea, maps were compiled. Particularly significant work was done by the participants of the Great Northern Expedition (1733-43). The clarification of the coastal contours was carried out by the Ust-Yanskaya and Kolyma expeditions led by P.F.Anzhu (1822) and F.P. Wrangel (1820-24), the islands in the East Siberian Sea were named after them. In the 20th century, the maps were refined by K. A. Vollosovich (1909) and G. Ya. Sedov (1909), as well as during the work of a hydrographic expedition in the Arctic Ocean (1911-14). After 1932, when the icebreaker Sibiryakov sailed the Northern Sea Route in one navigation, regular voyages of ships were made to the East Siberian Sea.
Economic use. Coastal zone characterized as an area with weak economic activity. Vegetable and animal world The East Siberian Sea is poor due to the harsh ice conditions. But in the areas adjacent to the river mouths, omul, whitefish, grayling, polar smelt, navaga, polar cod and flounder, salmon - char and nelma are found. Among mammals there are walrus, seals, polar bears; of birds - guillemots, gulls, cormorants. Fishing has local significance... The Northern Sea Route runs along the East Siberian Sea; the main port of Pevek (Chaunskaya Bay). The East Siberian Sea is a promising oil and gas region, the development of which is difficult due to the harsh natural conditions.
Ecological state. In general, the ecological situation in the East Siberian Sea is characterized as favorable due to the poor economic use of this area. The shallow-water shelf is slightly polluted, subject to the influence of river runoff, and as a result of thermal abrasion destruction of the banks, greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and methane) enter the atmosphere.
Lit .: Zalogin B.S., Kosarev A.N. Morya. M., 1999.
East-Siberian Sea - the marginal sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic Ocean, located between the New Siberian Islands and Wrangel Island. The surface area is 913 600 km². Already from the name it is clear that this sea is located off the northern coast. Eastern Siberia... The boundaries of the East Siberian Sea are mainly conditional lines, and only in some parts it is limited by land. The waters of this sea communicate well with the waters of the Arctic Ocean, therefore the East Siberian Sea belongs to the type of continental marginal seas. There are very few islands in the waters of the East Siberian Sea. The coastline of the sea has great curves.
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Sailing
The Cossacks who mastered the Kolyma and Indigirka in the first half of the 17th century went downstream, went out to sea and went to Taimyr, where they reached the Yenisei by drag, on the banks of which they hunted. The first exploratory voyage in the historical era was made by the Yakut Cossack Mikhailo Stadukhin in 1644. Stadukhin's assistant Semyon Dezhnev in June 1648 sailed the entire eastern part of the sea from the mouth of the Kolyma River on 7 kochi in June 1648 through the Long and Bering Strait to Anadyr Bay, where he founded the city of Anadyr. Thus, in 1648, the possibility of end-to-end navigation along the entire coast of the East Siberian Sea was shown.
The mainland seashores and islands were described in the first half of the 18th century by the Great Northern Expedition. All these discoveries were made not on ships, but on sledges. In 1823 Wrangel heard from the Chukchi a story about big island in the north (not yet discovered Wrangel Island), where storms sometimes carried fishing boats... Wrangel Island was discovered in 1849 by the British frigate "Herald", approaching it from the Chukchi Sea. West Coast The islands were discovered in 1867 by the American whaler Thomas Long on the schooner Nile, whose ship sailed between the mainland and the island by the strait, which is now called the Long Strait. In September 1875, Baron Adolf Erik Nordenskjöld, the first navigator who managed to pass the Northern Sea Route along the entire coast of Asia, crossed the East Siberian Sea on a sailing-steam ship "Vega". Further, the De Long Islands were discovered. In 1913 the icebreaking ships "Taimyr" and "Vaygach" discovered an island named after the assistant head of the expedition, Vilkitsky. The last discovery was made by the next expedition of "Taimyr" and "Vaigach" on August 27, 1914, when Lieutenant Zhokhov, on duty of "Vaigach", noticed an island with coordinates 76 ° 10 "N 153 ° E, which was named Zhokhov Island. After 1932 When the icebreaker "Sibiryakov" passed the Northern Sea Route in one navigation, regular voyages of ships were made to the East Siberian Sea.
Bottom relief
The sea lies on the shelf. The underwater relief of the space occupied by the East Siberian Sea is a plain. This plain has a slight slope from southwest to northeast. The sea bottom is mostly flat, without significant depressions and elevations. Most of the water spaces of the East Siberian Sea have a depth of up to 20 - 25 m. The deepest troughs are located at the bottom of the sea in the northeastern part of the mouths of the Indigirka and Kolyma rivers. There is an assumption that these trenches used to be the regions of river valleys. But later these rivers were flooded with the sea. In the northeast of the sea there are quite deep places. The maximum depth is 915 meters.
Climate and hydrological regime
The climate of the East Siberian Sea has distinctive feature: the sea is influenced by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The average temperature in January is approximately - 28 - 30 0 C. In winter, the weather is mostly clear. Only sometimes cyclones disturb the well-established calm weather for several days. Atlantic cyclones, which prevail in the western part of the sea, contribute to stronger winds and higher temperatures. Pacific cyclones, which prevail in the southeastern part of the sea, bring strong winds, snowstorms and cloudy weather. The average July temperature is about 0 + 4 0 C. The decrease in the temperature of the northern part of the sea is affected by the influence of the ice in the Arctic. In the southern part of the sea, proximity to the warm continent contributes to an increase in temperature. Cloudy weather is typical for the East Siberian Sea in summer. Very often there are light rains, and occasionally even sleet.
Sea water temperatures are low, in the north they are close to -1.8 ° C both in winter and in summer. To the south, in summer, temperatures rise to 5 ° C in the upper layers. The salinity of the sea is different in the western and eastern parts of the sea. River runoff leads to a decrease in salinity to 10-15 ‰, and in the mouths of large rivers to almost zero. Salinity rises to 32 до with depth. The sea is covered with ice almost all year round. In the eastern part of the sea, floating perennial ice remains even in summer.
Flora and fauna
The flora and fauna of the East Siberian Sea is poor due to the harsh ice conditions. But in the areas adjacent to the river mouths, omul, whitefish, grayling, polar smelt, navaga, polar cod and flounder, salmon - char and nelma are found. Among mammals there are walrus, seals, polar bears; of birds - guillemots, gulls, cormorants.
Economic value
The coastal zone is characterized as an area with low economic activity. Fishing is of local importance. The Northern Sea Route runs along the East Siberian Sea; the main port of Pevek (Chaunskaya Bay). The East Siberian Sea is a promising oil and gas region, the development of which is difficult due to the harsh natural conditions.
Ecology
The waters of the East Siberian Sea are relatively clean. Only in Pevek Bay was there a slight water pollution, but in recent times the ecological situation is improving here. The waters of the Chaunskaya Bay are slightly polluted by petroleum hydrocarbons.
