Manor Kuzminki
Museum of Russian Estate Culture in Kuzminki

The Kuzminki estate is 300 years old... 150 years ago, contemporaries enthusiastically spoke of it as a "Russian Versailles", paying tribute to the greatness of architecture, the unity of nature and art in the arrangement of a grandiose park, the splendor of salons, parties, parties and masquerades

Department of the Museum Association "Museum of the History of Moscow" - The Museum of Russian estate culture has existed on the territory of the former Golitsyn estate since 1999.

Permanent exhibition Museum of Russian Estate Culture- the result of scientific work and new research by the Museum staff in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, the Department of Written Sources of the State historical museum, libraries, Moscow and regional museums.

The complete portrait gallery of the Stroganovs and Golitsyn - the owners of the estate. Among them were merchants and entrepreneurs, owners of salt pans, factories, art workshops, military and government officials, diplomats and benefactors. A vivid image of the family nest of families glorified in the history of the Fatherland is created by the exposition complexes "Noble Holidays and Receptions", "High-society Dinners and Feast Culture", "The Office of the Manor of the Estate", "Traditional Leisure and Activities in the Kuzminki Estate", "Country Life in the Estate", "Servant wing of Slobodka: life and culture of the inhabitants". Exhibits - archival documents, books of the 18th-19th centuries, commemorative medals, works of applied art, dishes, furniture and, of course, touching everyday little things that make up a person's private life: fans, dresses, umbrellas, ballroom books, shoes, handicrafts, samovars.

VIRTUAL MUSEUM TOUR

A cycle of exhibitions, excursion and museum programs at the Museum of Russian Estate Culture in Kuzminki

COMPOSITION OF THE PROGRAM:

		Location
EXHIBITIONS AND EXPOSITIONS
Exhibition "Meet the Golitsyns", "Traditions of Home Education in the XIX century."	Permanent exhibition	Servant wing
Exposition "Horse yard in the Moscow region estate" "Historical vehicles of the XIX-early XX centuries." "With a guide to Moscow" "The world of childhood"	Permanent exhibition	Equestrian yard. Northern wing
PROGRAMS
Interactive game program "Ancient folk games and entertainment".		Horse yard Manege, museum yard
	All year round	The territory of the estate
Equestrian show "Travel to a fairy tale".	All year round	Horse yard Courtyard
Literary and musical salon princes Golitsyn, a story about the most famous owner of the Kuzminki estate - Prince SM. Golitsyn, literary and musical tastes in the 19th century, Italian and French music, Russian romance, mathematical tricks, tea drinking with Golitsyn cookies.
"Santa Claus mail"		Servant wing Horse yard

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Tours

• A walk around the Kuzminki estate ": walking tour of the park, visiting the central part of the unique architectural and park complex Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki.
• World gardening art»: walking tour of the park with inspection of flower beds (within the framework of the Flower Garden Festival).
• Excursion "Kuzminki from the past to the present" (for students and adults)
  Inspection of the stationary museum exposition: a story about the life of the 19th century, about the history of the estate and its owners.
• Hiking in the park "Walks around the Kuzminki estate" (for students and adults):
  a story about the history of the creation of an architectural and park ensemble, sightseeing of the old manor.
• Bicycle tour of the park (for students and adults): "On bicycles in the past":
  walk through the territory of the manor complex. (Museum bicycles)
• Excursion on a raft on the Upper Kuzminsky pond "Water mirror of the estate" (by prior arrangement):
  a story about the history of the creation of the estate, its architectural monuments, the philosophy of poetry and the aesthetics of the old park. There is a buffet on the raft.
• Bus excursion <Дорога в Подмосковную князей Голицыных> (by prior arrangement):
  (Starts from the house of the Golitsyn princes on Volkhonka)

  Family programs:

  "Wedding in the Museum"; solemn registration ceremony, congratulating the newlyweds in the style of the 19th century, photographing in museum interiors, looking for a horseshoe "for luck", riding in a carriage, planting a rose in the museum courtyard,

  "Day Angel": birthday greetings, old games and entertainment, 19th century music, festive food. "Picnic in the estate": a walk in the manor park, acquaintance with the main attractions, old noble and peasant games - croquet, serso, "Cats and mice", blind man's buff and others, tea from a samovar.

  Game interactive excursions for Children:

  "Old House Life": acquaintance with the history of the estate in a fascinating way, noble entertainment: a game of charades and forfeits (guides in historical noble costumes). For students in grades 1-6.

  "Golitsyn peasants": acquaintance with the history of peasant life in the estate of the 19th century, folk games and old entertainments (guides in peasant costumes). For students in grades 1-6.

  "Mysteries of the Horse Yard": acquaintance with the life of the Horse Yard in the 19th century, fascinating historical riddles, charades telling about the activities of the clerk, grooms and other employees of the princes Golitsyn, visiting the stables. Riding in a carriage or on horseback (pony) is possible. For students in grades 3-7.
  

• Museum lecture hall (for students and adults) on the history of the Kuzminki estate, its owners, culture, everyday life, etiquette of the 19th century.

  Video sessions on the history of the city of Moscow and architectural and park ensembles of Russia

Inquiries and ordering excursions: 377-94-57

Opening hours: daily from 10.00 to 18.00 (ticket office until 17.30), day off - Monday, the last Friday of the month - cleaning day;

Entry tickets:

Adult visitors - 25 rubles.
Preferential categories: students - 10 rubles, pensioners - 12 rubles.
Foreigners - 50 rubles.

Every first Friday of the month - free service for persons under the age of eighteen.

Free admission to the museum for the following categories of visitors:

• orphans, children left without parental care, children with disabilities: entry tickets - free, excursion and lecture service - free.
• Military conscripts: entrance tickets - free
• Invalids of the Great Patriotic War and other wars: entrance tickets - free
• Employees of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Committee for Culture, museum workers, employees of the V.I. Grabar, members of the Union of Artists of Russia, members of ICOM: entrance tickets - free

Sightseeing tours:

The museum offers	Preferential	Adults	Foreigners
Sightseeing excursions
"Kuzminki from the past to the present"
"A walk around the Kuzminki estate"
"A walk around the Kuzminki estate and the park"
Thematic excursions
"The world of gardening art (in summer)"
"Honest noblewoman of Maslenitsa"
Play costume excursions for children
"Life of an Old House", "Captive of Amusements", "Magic Chest"
"Christmas Eve", "Not everything for the cat is Shrovetide"
Theatrical performances with tea drinking for groups of 8 to 20 people
"Literary and Musical Salon of Princes Golitsyn", Salons "Night Princess", "Christmas in the Estate", "Russian Maslenitsa", "Country Life in Kuzminki", "Vlakhernsky Holiday", "Picnic in the Estate"	1 ticket 150	1 ticket 180	1 ticket 200

Excursion group - 14 people + 1 accompanying person

ADDRESS and TELEPHONE

The Museum of Russian Estate Culture is always glad to see guests! We invite you to excursions, exhibitions and festive programs!

Museum address:"Servant's Wing". Poplar Alley, 6.377-94-57. Equestrian yard. Starye Kuzminki, 13-15. 372-60-66. "Children's Museum Center in the Kuzminki Estate" (located in the "Horse yard"), 657-65-84.

Museum working hours:From 10.00 to 18.00, from June 1 to October 1, from 11.00 to 19.00. The ticket office closes 30 minutes before the museum closes. Days off: Monday and last Friday of the month (cleaning day).

Directions: to the metro station "Ryazansky prospect", then bus. 29 (to the final stop) or from the Tekstilshchiki metro station by troll. 27 or 38 (to the final stop).

Projects.

THE MUSEUM IS OPERATING CIRCLES AND STUDIOS OF THE CHILDREN'S MUSEUM CENTER:

"The world of the Russian estate": history circle

"My manor garden": botanical circle

"Beaded needlework": a circle of decorative and applied arts

"Home theater in the Russian estate": theater studio

Art studio of drawing, watercolors and painting

Historical ballroom dance studio For children and parents, teenagers and youth.

Friends and sponsors. Museum Friends Club

In 2004, the Museum of Russian Estate Culture initiated the creation of the Museum Friends Club. The purpose of the Club: the revival of the Kuzminki estate.

Since February 2004, the Museum has a section of the Club - the Kuzminki Club of old-timers. Meetings of the members of the Kuzminki Old Timers' Club are held regularly every second Saturday of the month.

We invite all lovers of Russian antiquity, striving for the revival of the Kuzminki estate, to become members Museum Friends Club!

Official site of the Museum "Russian Estate Culture"

"Kuzminki" , architectural and artistic ensemble of Russian classicism 2nd half of the 17thI - early XIX centuries, former country estate of princes Golitsyn, since 1960 has been located within the city limits of Moscow. Founded by Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov at the beginning of the 18th century. The earliest mention of the settlement dates back to 1623-24.
In the scribal book of the Moscow district compiled at that time, the "wasteland that was the Kuzminskaya mill ..." that belonged to the Nikolo-Ugreshsky monastery appears. In documents from the end of the 17th century, its name is found in a slightly different interpretation - Kuzminka's mill.
Let's start with the title. Why is the estate called "Kuzminki"? You will say that you have heard this legend more than once - a long time ago, mills were built on the banks of the Goledyanka River, and they gave the area its first name - the Mill. However, there is another legend. In old Russia, the peasants were very revered saints Cosma and Damian, healers and patrons of livestock. In honor of them were arranged crowded holidays, which were called Kuzminki. On the free meadows of the Goledyanka River, peasants from all over the area gathered for such holidays, which gave the name of the area - Kuzminki. Which version is more reliable is up to you to judge.
I don’t know from which entrance you got into the park when you walked here before, but today we will choose the road that leads to the main house. This obelisk informs us about the name of the area and the owner of the estate. And here they used to be triumphal cast iron gate, crowned with the coat of arms of the princes Golitsyn.
In 1826, at the Ural factories of the Golitsyns, according to the project of the Petersburg architect Karl Rossi, for Pavlovsk were cast Nikolaev gates... 6 years later, the gates for Kuzminki were cast using the same models. Take a closer look: as many as 16 massive columns support a powerful vault. Their height is about 10 meters, and 18 thousand poods of cast iron (about 300 tons) were used for casting.
The central span was intended for horse riding, i.e. for crews, and two smaller side bays - for walking.
Now the roads are located in the same place as before. Therefore, we can easily imagine the size of the cast-iron gate, and from this obelisk determine the place where they were. The gate itself has not survived - they were melted down for the needs of the Fatherland, but the street that runs from the former gate along the park is called the Cast Iron Gate.
A wide, straight linden alley begins behind the gate. Previously, it was framed with cast iron pedestals with hanging chains. Its length was as much as 700 meters. Linden crowns were cut in the form of balls, and the alley was called very solemnly - Vlakhernsky prospect.
On both sides of the alley there is a large park Now it is just a thicket of bushes and trees with winding paths running through here and there. However, at the time of the Stroganovs and Golitsyns, the right and left parts of it differed significantly from each other. On the left was French or Regular Park... And on the right - landscape, or, as they said then, English garden.

French park ... Parks of this type first appeared in France. The French believed that natural nature itself was not beautiful. Only a person can give beauty to it, and the laws of geometry are the basis of this beauty. Therefore, in such parks, straight lines, like arrows, alleys divide the entire territory into different geometric shapes: trapezoids, rectangles, triangles, etc. The trees in the park were trimmed in the form of a green sculpture: various animals, fish, birds and even people of the same geometric shape. French parks are beautiful in their own way, just remember the famous Versailles. But the Russian soul does not tolerate dryness and straightforwardness. This is probably why French parks did not take root on Russian soil. So the layout of the Kuzminsky Park is quite rare. In the center is a huge round glade, and twelve alleys radiate from it like rays in all directions. Let's imagine what it looked like central part regular park. In the middle of the meadow is a huge flower bed, in the center of which is a statue of Apollo, the patron saint of the arts. It was to this statue that all 12 clearings converged. And each alley began with a sculpture of some muse from Greek mythology and the gods Mercury, Venus and Flora.

On the right was the landscape, or, as they said, the English garden, - the largest part of the estate. We will go there with you. There are almost no buildings here, except for the Gardening complex. The head gardener was always invited from abroad - Switzerland or West Germany. A wooden house with a mezzanine was built especially for him. It was called the Gray Dacha. Now here is Paustovsky Museum... Festivities and festivities were held throughout the English park. By the way, not only titled persons were allowed to walk. It was only necessary to observe the established rules: not to pick flowers and fruits, not to pick berries and mushrooms and not to spoil trees - for all this they were mercilessly fined. Previously, there were cast iron benches and sofas everywhere so you could relax and admire the beautiful place. It seems that this is a virgin forest, and the paths and paths are accidentally trodden by people. In fact, this is all the work of a whole army of workers and gardeners, artists and decorators. Not only trees and shrubs, but even herbs were carefully selected. Every corner was supposed to be beautiful at any time of the day or year.
According to legend, Peter I himself often visited the village of Vlakhernskoye, loved him for its beauty and sometimes came here to take a break from his state concerns and labors. A house was built especially for him. The Great Emperor walked along these paths, entered a small wooden church in the village of Blakhernsky and prayed in front of the holy icon of the Mother of God and, they say, even planted an oak tree with his own hands. On the site of the house where Peter I stayed, a cast-iron obelisk was erected in 1846. Only its skeleton has survived to our time. The monument reported that the Emperor stayed at the Stroganovs' residence near Moscow. Nashchokin's notes say: “And that same in 1722, the Emperor, with the regiments with which he pleased to go from Moscow, returned from the Persian campaign to Astrakhan, and from Astrakhan he deigned to go to Moscow. And, in December in the last days, His Majesty, without entering Moscow, deigned to stay in Stroganov, which is reputed to be the Mill "... And one more mention. From the travel log of Peter I it follows that on May 14, 1724 "His Imperial Majesty deigned to go to the Stroganovs at the Mill, and everyone arrived in Moscow."
Well, now we have reached the end of the linden alley. The road led us to the main house of the estate... Now is the time to talk about her. After all, it was not for nothing that the estate suddenly appeared among the forest and fish lands belonging to the Simonov Monastery? And the whole point is that in 1702 Peter the Great granted these rich lands to the famous merchants Stroganovs, who, even before Peter the Great, enjoyed universal respect and rendered many services to the Throne and the Fatherland. The certificate of donation has not yet been found in the archive. And scientists have determined this date, referring to indirect data from archival documents, which they kept in the 1760s. There are two references - to 1702 and 1704. A second date was chosen for the 300th anniversary celebration.
So, the last eminent person in the family. Born in 1656, died on November 21, 1715. Buried at the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Kotelniki. Sole owner of all the huge Velikopermsky, Trans-Ural, Solvychegodsky, Ustyug and Nizhny Novgorod estates of the Stroganovs. He owned salt, foundries and ironworks in the Urals and many craft workshops. Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov had a collection of handwritten books, a wonderful church choir. He built churches in Solvychegodsk, the village of Gordeevka, Nizhny Novgorod, Trinity-Sergius Monastery. He took an active part in the reforms of Peter the Great and received eight letters of commendation from Peter I for new lands. Rendered significant assistance during the Northern War, was awarded a portrait of Peter I with diamonds.
In the 16th century, the Stroganovs founded a salt-making industry. In the Time of Troubles, they helped the government, providing it with generous financial assistance - they donated 842 thousand rubles, a tremendous amount at that time. Then the Stroganovs received the title of "eminent people". IN late XVII century Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov became the largest salt producer. In his hands was unashamedly 60% of all the salt in Russia. In a word, a sovereign like Emperor Peter the Great could not help but pay attention to the merits of famous merchants and honored them with his favor - in 1722 they were awarded the title of barons.
By the way, another toponymic legend is associated with the Stroganovs' surname.... The first mentioned in their genealogy, Spiridon, who was the son of a Khan prince, converted to Christianity against the will of his parent. The parent, accordingly, got angry and, again, according to legend, sent a host of thousands to Moscow. In response, Moscow also sent a considerable army led by Spiridon. The Russians were defeated, and Spiridon was captured and tortured. He was tied to a post and tore off his skin with iron claws. The body turned into a bloody mess, and the person died from blood loss. This torture was called planing. Spiridon was planed, and his son Kuzma was nicknamed - Kuzma Stroganiy. Subsequently, the nickname was transformed into the surname Stroganov. (Based on a story by Nikolai Witzen, borrowed from the Dutch geographer Isaac Massa). N.M. Karamzin was the first to express his distrust of this story; subsequent historians finally refuted it and is now accepted by the majority, especially on the basis of evidence brought by Count Volegov, that the Stroganovs are from Veliky Novgorod, from among the wealthy local citizens, and that their ancestor was Spiridon, who lived during the time of Demetrius Donskoy.
Under the Stroganovs, the transformation of dense forests began... However, under Georgy Dmitrievich, who, in fact, was granted the area, no significant changes took place. The mill operated, the forests remained dense, and the land was uninhabited. In 1715, after the death of the owner, the estate was inherited by his widow Maria Yakovlevna and sons Alexander, Nikolai and Sergey Stroganov. Apparently, the main initiative in arranging the estate belonged to the eldest of the Stroganov brothers, Alexander Grigorievich. Contemporaries characterized him as a kind person, distinguished by rare charity and love of art. To begin the construction of the patrimony, it was necessary to uproot age-old pines and drain protected swamps. It was then that the first artificial ponds appeared on the Goledyanka River, later one of the main landscape sights of Kuzminki. They built a wooden manor house, also wooden outbuildings and a wooden church.
At different times in Kuzminki, there were successively three documented churches... The first of them was built in 1716 by the Stroganovs, who received a blessed letter, that is, permission to build it. That church was wooden, consecrated in honor of the family shrine of the owners of Kuzminki - the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God and had the side-altar of Alexander Nevsky. According to this church, the entire estate was named - the village of Vlakhernskoye. The church was destroyed by fire in 1732, then a new one was built in its place. church of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God, also wooden. She, in turn, died from the "fiery ignition" on November 18, 1758. The current church is the third in a row. It was built in two stages. In 1759-62, a church building was built, as well as a free-standing wooden bell tower, the author of the project of which was Zherebtsov. However, by 1779 the church building was in need of renovation. Prince M.M. Golitsyn soon rebuilt the building in the forms of mature classicism and erected a new bell tower to replace the previous one. These works were carried out according to the project of the architect R. Kazakov in 1784-85.
There was a family heirloom in the church - The Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God (Hodegetria), dates back to the 7th century AD. One of the most revered Greek icons in Moscow. Brought from Constantinople as a gift to the father of Peter I, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1653. Together with the icon, a letter was sent, in which its origin was connected with the Blachernae Monastery of Constantinople, and the history of its veneration with the early history of the Constantinople Hodegetria. The icon was kept in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin; the tsar took it with him on military campaigns. The celebration of the icon took place on the fifth week of Great Lent - the Sabbath of the Akathist. The Blachernae icon is in relief, made in the technique of waxing. The relics of Christian martyrs are added to the wax, thus the icon is a reliquary. According to the iconographic type, the list of Hodegetria, close to the Smolensk icon of the Mother of God, was created in the second half of the 15th and beginning of the 16th centuries, possibly as a repetition of an ancient icon on an old board. The icon has a Greek inscription - "God-protected". Currently, the icon is in the Church of the Deposition of the Moscow Kremlin. One of the revered relief copies of the second half of the 17th and early 18th centuries was kept in the family estate of the Stroganov-Golitsyns in the village of Vlakhernskoye. The father of the already mentioned Grigory Stroganov was awarded them for their services to the Fatherland. According to the built temple, the area received a third name - the village of Vlakhernskoye.
Blacherna is the name of the area in Constantinople. Once upon a time there was a church with miraculous icon... This icon patronized Constantinople and the Byzantine emperors. According to legend, she put to flight the enemies who attacked the city in 626. The icon has shown its miraculousness more than once while already in Russia. In 1830, a cholera epidemic broke out. It was difficult to point out even one place in Moscow or near Moscow, free from the raging disease. Thousands of people died every day .. And yet in Blakhernskoye not a single person not only died, but did not even get sick. The Mother of God showed her intercession in 1871, when another cholera epidemic broke out in Moscow. It is not surprising that Muscovites and surrounding residents were in awe of the icon and considered it miraculous. By the way, all three names - Kuzminki, Melnitsa and Vlakhernskoe - were used until 1917, we can find all three names in newspapers, in travel guides, in letters and diaries of contemporaries. Day 2 July became the local Christian holiday of the Blachernae Icon of the Mother of God. In 1920, the Blakherna Church was closed, and the icon of the Mother of God was transferred to the Assumption Church in Veshnyaki. When, in 1941, it was closed, the icon entered the Tretyakov Gallery, where it is kept in storerooms to this day.
These beautiful wrought iron gates appeared in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, when Kuzminki turned into a summer cottage. Apparently, in order to fence off the princely family from the idle dacha public. Under the Golitsyns, the passage was open. Through the bridge, decorated at four corners with cast-iron floor lamps with griffins, one could get to the Main House. In general, the design of the front entrance was typical for that time: there are cast-iron bowls with lanterns on the floor lamps. Lanterns appeared not so long ago, and earlier torches were lit in these bowls on holidays. They illuminated the entrance to the Main Courtyard, the Main Courtyard itself, and the square in front of the church. Opposite the entrance - main house- the palace, on the sides of which there are wings. Guests came here, the owner of the estate lived here. Therefore, trees were never planted in the front yard, but only flowers and low shrubs - all buildings should have been clearly visible.
How did Kuzminki come into the possession of the Golitsyns? In 1757, the daughter of Alexander Anna Alexandrovna Stroganova married a brilliant young court prince Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn... Among her huge dowry were our Kuzminki and the Ural factories. The fact is that in Kuzminki there was a huge amount of a wide variety of cast iron products: from entrance gates, monuments, fences and lanterns to openwork benches and sofas in the park. And all this cast iron was made at the own factories of the princes Golitsyn. Kuzminki was even called a kind of museum of iron casting under open air... Having received the Kuzminki estate, Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn rebuilt it at the end of the 18th century. At this time, architects Bazhenov, Kazakov, Egotov, Zherebtsov were working here.
During the Patriotic War of 1812, Kuzminki was plundered and destroyed by the French army and went through hard times. The youngest son of Prince Mikhail is already engaged in the restoration of the estate - Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn, with whose name the highest dawn of the estate is associated. It was with him luxurious park becomes a favorite vacation spot for Muscovites. Sergei Mikhailovich Golitsyn was a very famous person in the first half of the 19th century, and was especially famous in the field of charity. The fact. That he was the tenth child in the family, the youngest of the boys. When his brother died in 1821, Sergei Mikhailovich became the owner of a huge fortune of two families - the Stroganovs and the Golitsins. Prince Golitsyn was the chairman of the Moscow Board of Trustees and for 50 years remained its honorary guardian. Sergei Mikhailovich not only headed many charitable institutions, but also invested his money in them. In addition, the prince was the director of two hospitals, which also required a lot of investment. Understanding charity as selfless help, Sergei Mikhailovich distributed a lot of money to the sires, the sick and the poor. And for this activity, Prince Golitsyn received all the available civil orders. Up to the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. However, in his personal life, Sergei Mikhailovich was not very lucky: with his wife, Evdokia Ivanovna, they lived, as they said at the time, "on the road": she was in St. Petersburg, he was in Moscow. Princess Golitsyna's salon was very popular: all the flowers of St. Petersburg society gathered here. The princess arranged her receptions almost at night, they usually ended at 3-4 in the morning. Young Pushkin was a frequent visitor to the princess's salon. He was attracted by the hostess herself, and her extraordinary mind, and the society that gathered here. And Sergei Mikhailovich lived in Moscow, had a reputation as a "Moscow old-timer", was friends with the Moscow governor-general, was a trustee of the Moscow Orphanage and Moscow University.
So, the main house. The main house was rebuilt and completed more than once, so this building does not at all look like an old manor house. There are only cast-iron lions at the entrance to the palace, and above the windows there are bas-reliefs on mythological themes. The main house was connected by a colonnade, and for some time by a continuous gallery with side wings, also wooden. They were decorated with pillared porticoes with lions at the entrance and fine stucco moldings along the top of the façade. The side wings were so beautiful that they were called the Classic Pavilions. In the center of the courtyard there was a green lawn or a flower garden, and possibly a fountain. The main house was built at the end of the 18th century by the architect Egotov. After a fire in 1916 - 1930. rebuilt by the architect Toropov. It overlooks the front yard and is connected by galleries with strictly symmetrical one-story wooden wings with 6-column porticoes, built in 1814-1815 by the architect I.D. Gilardi. The western wing was rebuilt in brick in 1952-1953.
Near the left wing, a little deeper from the fence, we see Egyptian pavilion or Kitchen Wing. Here, not far from the manor house, there was a kitchen. In order not to spoil the impression, the building was made in the same style. Once upon a time, a covered gallery led from the kitchen to the house - so that food did not cool down while it was carried into the house. And downstairs there were vast cellars in which wines and food were stored. Why was the Kitchen Wing called the Egyptian Pavilion? Take a closer look: the slightly sloping walls and a trapezoidal window in the mezzanine remind of Egyptian buildings, in particular the pyramids. The columns at the entrance end with lotus petals. And the stucco molding is made in the form of a winged sun and sphinx heads. Otherwise, this is an ordinary building.
Front yard it is separated from the rest of the estate by a brick wall and a moat, which was previously filled with water. On the cast-iron fence, cast-iron "Egyptian" lions, which, as it were, guard the front yard from all sides, lie with their muzzles facing the courtyard. These figures were designed by the sculptor Campioni. Santino Campioni, born 1774, is the son and student of the sculptor Pietro Campioni. Studied under the Italian marble sculptor Bolo. From 1795 he lived and worked in Moscow. He performed mainly ornamental work, decorated the palace of Paul I in Gatchina, the facade and interiors of the Grand Kremlin Palace. In Kuzminki Campioni, sculptures of lions and a double-headed eagle were created for the obelisk in honor of Peter I, and the Lord's house was decorated.
To the left of the Main Courtyard is the economic part of the estate - the so-called "Slobodka" ... There is Barnyard , or, in other words, the Dairy Farm. And we will go there along the Poplar Alley. In old mansions, alleys made of trees of the same species are not uncommon. Most often it is a linden tree, which was loved for its aroma during flowering, for the fact that it holds the shape of the crown well when cutting. However, there were also birch alleys, as well as pine, cedar. But poplar was used extremely rarely in the formation of alleys and there are several reasons for this. Poplar grows quickly and sprawling. Therefore, it requires constant care. It was also believed that poplar takes energy from a person. And also our ancestors suffered from poplar fluff, like us. However, in spite of everything, by some amazing whim a huge Poplar Alley was planted. On the right, at the beginning of the alley, there is a large two-story building with a triangular pediment in the center. Initially, these were two identical buildings, and the passage between them led to the Red Dvor. There were stables, cellar buildings and other houses of various types. Some of them have survived, some have been rebuilt. This fence and gate did not exist before. The alley had a natural continuation.
On the left side there are three very similar two-storey buildings. The first house closest to the church is the clergy's house. On the second floor there were two apartments - a priest and a sexton, on the lower - an almshouse for the elderly and sick servants. During the restoration of the Blachernae Church in large hall services were held at home. At present, like the church with the sacristy, the house of the Pritta was transferred to the Moscow Patriarchate. And it's home to a Sunday school. The next building was a servants' wing, which was designed for 14 courtyard families. It originally had balconies on the second floor on the east and west sides. Brick wall between the buildings was fenced off by a utility yard. Since this fence overlooks the Poplar Alley, along which members of the prince's family and numerous guests walked, the wall is also made in a special style.
Slobodka appeared in the 1770s-1780s, when Zherebtsov worked in Kuzminki. Later, this complex of buildings was rebuilt twice by D.I. and A.O. Gilardi.
Domenico, or Dementy Ivanovich Gilardi, an architect, a prominent master of the Empire style, one of the creators of the new look of Moscow after the fire of 1812. Born in Switzerland on June 15, 1785 in the family of the architect Giovanni Batista Gilardi, who in 1787 began working in Russia. Domenico, who first came to Russia with his mother in 1796, subsequently lived mainly in Moscow. He studied with his father, as well as with Scotti and other painters in St. Petersburg, attended the Milan Academy of Arts, then independently studied the art and architecture of Rome, Florence and Venice. Returning to Russia, he was assigned as an assistant to his father, who was the architect of an orphanage. Having left for Kazan for a short time during the invasion of Napoleon, upon his return he was engaged in the restoration of the ancient capital. He worked on an expedition to the Kremlin buildings, and in 1818 took the place of his father, who had retired due to his old age. Gilardi built a lot in the city and its environs, but these were separate buildings, and only in Kuzminki he creates something more - an architectural ensemble. Gilardi does not rebuild many buildings of the estate, but only restores them. But they, and the newly created, and the park, and park structures are created in a single way. Apart from Domenico, his father, uncle and cousin also work at the estate. After the death of the old prince in 1859, no work was carried out on the estate.
On the other side of Poplar Alley - Upper Garden... Upper, because it is located on the bank of the Upper pond. This is a small but very interesting piece of the park. A wide variety of shrubs grew here: lilac, jasmine, honeysuckle, rose hips, acacia, barberry. Large trees - tapeworms were planted between them at a great distance from each other. Some of them have survived to this day. The main part of the plants that overgrown the Upper Garden grew as a self-garden, when the park was no longer monitored.
This is a wooden one-story building with a mezzanine on the right side of the alley - a hospital. It has survived as it was built at the end of the 18th century. The hospital operated only in the summer months, when the prince lived with his courtyards in the estate and served not only the prince's court, but also the surrounding villages. The doctor's advice, as they said then, and the dispensing of medicines were free for everyone. As Moskovskie Vedomosti wrote, the hospital was famous for its cleanliness, convenient location of premises, and the presence of the necessary flasks, so that any zemstvo hospital could envy her.
The name of the famous artist V.G. Perov is associated with the Blakherna hospital. The fact is that he was ill with consumption, and when the disease reached such a stage that the doctors could not help him in any way, Vasily Grigorievich asked to be transported to Kuzminki. In 1882, he lived a little more than two weeks in a hospital building thanks to the friendship of his younger brother with the then local zemstvo doctor Konstantin Tolstoy. On May 12, the Perovs moved to Kuzminki, placing themselves on the second floor of a hospital building in Tolstoy's apartment. However, in the Kuzminskaya hospital, the artist did not get better, and on May 29 Vasily Grigorievich Perov died.
At the very end of Poplar Alley, on the bank of the Upper Pond, stands the Animal Farm, or the Dairy Farm... The one-story premises housed dairy and calf sections, rooms for storing dishes and other necessary things. There was even a small department with specially trained cows, where the ladies, "if" they wanted it, could milk the cows themselves. All buildings of the Animal Farm were made by Alexander Gilardi and date back to the 1840s. A taller two-story building stands between the wings. This is a manor house. It was connected to the outbuildings by an elegant cast-iron fence. On it, on both sides of the central pavilion, there were cast iron sculptures of bulls, cast according to Klodt's models at the Golitsyn Ural factories. In 1889, a public celebration was moved to the Animal Farm, which had previously been held near the church. This circumstance caused a burst of inspiration from a journalist of the popular newspaper Moskovsky Listok, who visited Kuzminki on June 22 of the same year. After examining the new place of celebration, he wrote the following quatrain:
“Why are we so troubled?
More than once I thought about
Indeed, in a strict sense, understanding
We must walk with the cattle. "
Soon the Animal Farm was abolished. The then owner Kuzminok S.M. Golitsyn handed over the vacated buildings to the Moscow district zemstvo in 1889 for the expansion of the Vlakhernskaya hospital, which had long been cramped in the house along the Poplar Alley. Next to the Dairy Farm is a huge pit with flat banks, clearly of artificial origin. This is the pond "Karasik". The drainage system of the pond is disturbed, so now there is no water in it. The pond had a purely utilitarian meaning. Here, and not in the Upper Pond, they let the dirty water from the Dairy Farm. From the pond "Karasik" a stone's throw to the Upper pond. The upper pond is the largest; its length was more than a kilometer. This is the main pond in the estate; most of the manor buildings are located on its banks. Reflecting in its calm water, they only emphasized the wondrous beauty of this place. To get from the Dairy Farm to the opposite bank of the pond, you had to go along the so-called floating bridge. From one bank to the other, boats were placed tightly side by side. The flooring was laid on them. Such a "living" bridge was assembled every spring and dismantled in the fall.
There were many waterfowl in all the ponds. Islets were often set up on large ponds, their configuration, size, location were carefully thought out. They made the pond and the surrounding area more picturesque. And now we stopped near such an island. In a long narrow strip, it stretches along the coast, following its turns and bends. Stone arched bridges with cast-iron railings led to the island. On the island itself in 1847, designed by architect L.D. Bykovsky was put monument to Emperor Nicholas I. Sergei Mikhailovich was very fond of this emperor, he was very grieving about his death, therefore they erected a monument to him here. This was the last building of the old prince.
Further along the direction of movement we come to the Pomerantseva greenhouse. In the old estates in the past, various gathering and collecting were very widespread. They collected what they liked: paintings, antique clothes, pipes, weapons, coins, all sorts of outlandish objects. These collections were the pride of the owner, they were shown to guests. Collecting outlandish plants was very popular. And since these plants, as a rule, were brought from the south, special premises were built for their maintenance - greenhouses. The word "greenhouse" itself comes from the French "orange" - orange. Indeed, citrus fruits were sure to be the pride of such collections: tangerines, oranges, lemons, oranges. The first greenhouse on this site was mentioned as early as 1760 as "old". In 1761 it was demolished and replaced with a new one. Her projects were carried out by I.P. Zherebtsov and the princely gardener Johann Schneider. The new greenhouse, wooden on a stone foundation, was replaced by a brick one in 1805. 10 years later, a new greenhouse was built on this site. Once again Orange greenhouse was rebuilt in 1919 for the Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine. As you can see, the building of the orange greenhouse consists of three parts, a central part and two side parts. There is a balcony at the top of the central building - an observation deck. Let's go up there. In the central part, the highest, the largest trees grew. This room is decorated with drawings on Egyptian themes, and therefore is called Egyptian. By the way, this painting is practically the only one that has survived in Kuzminki to our time. As a rule, greenhouses were strictly south-oriented. In order for the plants to receive as much sunlight and light as possible, there were either large windows on the south side, or the whole wall was made of glass. The same huge windows as in the center of the building were on the side wings. But at the end of the 19th century, the building was rebuilt to house the Institute for Noble Maidens, and the wings were made two-story. In those distant times, there were no trees surrounding us: they obscure the building and prevent the penetration of sunlight. Here was the balcony, which was observation deck... A person who came here for the first time had the impression that he was on the peninsula: the water of the pond was visible from three sides. From the balcony, above, the upper reaches of the pond, and the pond downstream, and the opposite bank were clearly visible.
If you walk from the Pomerantseva greenhouse towards the dam, you will find yourself at the ruins of the "Lion" or "Round pier". Why is there a pier on the shore of a pond, where there are many bridges? The fact is that during the holidays, and they were celebrated on a grandiose scale, ponds played an important role. Guests rode in rowing and sailing boats, songwriters and orchestra musicians rode, delighting guests with their art. As you can see, the banks of our pond are not high. If we take into account that the water level was higher, then it is clear that the boat could dock anywhere on the shore of the pond. In addition, staircases descended to the water for convenience. Therefore, beautiful piers were often arranged on the ponds, and not just a wooden platform, so that the ladies would not soak their skirts. The piers had not only a utilitarian purpose, but were also an adornment of the place where they were located, and, first of all, of the pond itself. The upper platform of the Lion's Wharf was round, hence its first name - "Round pier"... It was surrounded by a beautiful cast-iron fence and was another observation platform. From it down to the water from two sides descended two stairs, decorated with two pairs of lying lions. Hence the second name of the pier - "Lion". On the opposite bank there was also a pier, less luxurious, but also with a round observation deck and a staircase leading down to the water. And between these piers a ferry went, carrying guests from one bank to the other.
In the gap between the trees, the walls turn yellow. This is a building that was built on the site of a burnt palace. We approached him from the opposite side. Now these trees completely cover the house. And before it was clearly visible: a portico with columns, stucco bas-reliefs over the windows, vases and cast-iron floor lamps on the sides of the stairs. A huge flower garden descended from the house to the pier. It should be noted that when building palaces, their creators took into account not only how the building looks in a given place, but also what is seen from the windows. Let's go inside the house. Therefore, whenever you are in ancient estates, come to the windows, and you will see another side of the work of the masters of the past. So, what do we see from the park windows of our palace? Huge lawn-flower garden. Lion's pier, a pier on the opposite bank, behind which a wide clearing rises, bordered on both sides by a green forest wall. At the top of the hill there was a pillar arbor or Propylaea, decorated from the side of the pond with sculptures of centaurs.
Propylaea translated from Greek means "monumental entrance", and through this gazebo it was really possible to pass to the estate from the side of the District. And, finally, the Propylaea played an important role in the design of the surrounding landscape and had planning significance. If we draw the main axis of the estate from the Pig-Iron Gate, then it will pass along the Lipovaya Alley through the bridge with griffins, the center of the Main Courtyard, the lobby, the flower garden, the Lion's pier and the pier on the other side and end with the Propylaea.
We have already said that the estate was intended for holidays, of which there were a great many. What were they like, these holidays? A holiday at the estate is always an event. The hosts and guests have been preparing for it for a long time. Holidays were part of the life of society at that time. Visiting them, especially to the noble gentlemen, was prestigious. Here they supported and made new acquaintances, looked after grooms and brides for their children. They came not only with children, but also with the closest servants, maids, nurses and pugs. The holidays lasted sometimes for several days and included many entertainments. During the day, it was a variety of outdoor games, in the garden and in the house, hiking in the park and the surrounding area, horseback riding or carriage rides, boating, etc. Evenings turned into balls, concerts. The holiday often ended with "fiery fun" - fireworks. And the holidays were absolutely luxurious when members of the imperial family came here. And they have been here more than once. So, at the end of the 18th century, Catherine II visited Kuzminki. In 1837, the future emperor Alexander II was here, while still a crown prince. He traveled across Russia, accompanied by his mentor, the poet Zhukovsky, and stayed in Kuzminki for about a month. His grandmother repeatedly visited the estate - empress Maria Feodorovna... She was very fond of Kuzminki and in 1826 ordered the St. Petersburg artist Rauch to make drawings with views of the estate. Soon two albums of Kuzminki prints, made according to the artist's drawings, were published in Paris. These books were later republished in Russia. By them we can judge what Kuzminki were like at the time of their dawn.
If we walk a little more along the pond, and on the opposite side we will see a group of buildings. This is the Horse Yard. The place of the Horse Yard was determined even under the Stroganovs. Gilardi, restoring the estate, did not move it to another place, although it turned out to be not entirely successful in the end. These trees were not there, they grew later, and in the windows of one of the noble houses a "wonderful" picture was visible: a stable, a column of dust, the cries of grooms, neighing of horses, etc. were heard. And we just talked about the fact that it was always taken into account what views open from the windows. Moreover, under the Stroganovs, the horse yard was in the form of the letter "P", turned towards the pond and the manor house, that is. the whole so-called "kitchen" was in sight. Gilardi, rebuilding the estate, separated all this "beauty" from prying eyes: he connected both side wings with a blank brick wall with an arched pattern (remember, exactly the same pattern of the fence on Slobodka?) And in the center of the fence puts Music Pavilion... This is one of the best creations of Gilardi, one of the best buildings in the Russian Empire style. During the holidays, a serf orchestra was located here. The building of the music pavilion is made of wood to make the music sound better. There are very few decorations here - a sculpture of Apollo with muses above the colonnade in a niche and a small stucco molding with images of musical attributes in the upper corners. A wide staircase descended from the Music Pavilion, on the sides of which were at first plaster centaurs. Later, instead of them they put cast iron sculptures of horses with counselorscast at the Ural factories of the Golitsyn according to Klodt's models... These are copies of the sculptures installed on the Anichkov Bridge in St. Petersburg. The location for the Music Pavilion was well chosen. It stands on a certain elevation above the pond and opposite the manor's outbuilding, where music was heard through the open windows. As a rule, the orchestra played in the evening, when a light fog rose over the pond - a good conductor of sound. Therefore, the music that was played in the pavilion could be heard through the open windows of the manor house, and far in the depths of the park.
On the opposite bank, almost at the very edge of the slope, stands Classic pavilion . And under it we see two grottoes. One of them is called Three-Arched, because has three arches-entrances. The other is Large, or Single-Arched. The very concept and the word Grotto came to us from distant Italy and means "underwater cave". There, on the rocky and rugged shores of the Adriatic, there are indeed many underwater caves. We don't have them - where would they come from? And therefore grottoes are called artificial earthen caves dug in the steep slopes of rivers and ravines. Inside they were laid out with "wild" stone or tamped down with earth. These are kind of park pavilions. Here the air temperature is always several degrees lower than in the surrounding air - a good shelter from the summer heat and heat. How did the grottoes appear in Kuzminki? After all, there are no steep surface drops - the terrain is flat. But when the front yard was built and the area was leveled under it, a slope formed on the bank of the pond. The grottoes were made in it. By the way, not only for beauty. During the holidays, the large grotto was used for theatrical performances. There was no serf theater here. But amateur theatrical performances were sometimes staged by the hosts and their guests. Then the Great Grotto turned into a theater. And another curious detail. If an axis is drawn through the center of the Music Pavilion, it will enter the Great Grotto. Thus, the Great Grotto is a kind of resonator, a sound reflector.
If we walk a little forward from the grottoes and look to the right, we will see the fence of the Main Courtyard, a bridge over the moat and floor lamps with griffins on it. We walked around the estate. Once the canal reached the mirror of the pond, was filled with water, and here was an arched stone bridge with cast-iron railings. And to our left is the Upper Pond Dam. Once upon a time, there was also a dam here, on which there was a mill that, according to legend, belonged to the miller Kuzma. And in the 19th century, the mill was already made of stone. In the 1840s, the architect M.D. Bykovsky converts the upper part of the mill into living quarters. This is the House on the Dam, which existed until the summer of 2000. Mikhail Dorimedontovich Bykovsky . He came from a handicraft bourgeois family. He studied with Domenico Gilardi, then became his assistant. In 1817-1823 he took part in the construction of the Golitsyn estate in Kuzminki and Grebnevo, the Orlovs in Otrada and others. Since 1830 he was an academician of architecture, a teacher at the Moscow Palace of Architecture School. He became one of the most respected theorists and practitioners of a new direction - eclecticism.
The bridge over the spillway on which we stand was once decorated with a sculpture. Half-sitting - reclining human figures depicted the four seasons. Then they were replaced with cast-iron lanterns. Unfortunately, neither sculptures nor lanterns have survived to this day. Behind the dam of the Upper Pond, the Lower Pond begins, on both sides of which is the English Garden, entirely devoted to relaxation and walks. From here, a very beautiful view of the island of the lower pond opens from the bridge.
Once from the "mainland"was transferred to the island openwork aerial cast iron bridge on metal tapes - "shake". Not far from it was a Bath House or a soap shop. A small building by the water had a purely utilitarian purpose. But it was located where people were constantly walking. Therefore, outwardly, it was given the appearance of a park pavilion: castle stones in the form of lion masks, large windows, the entrance is decorated in the form of a loggia with two columns. Inside, the Bath House had several rooms, where, in addition to the bath itself, there was a small study, a living room, and a small library. The bathroom house partially burned down in 1994 and almost completely in May 1995.
On the opposite, left, bank of the lower pond, among weeds and bushes, you can see the ruins of a red brick building with white stone details. Under the Stroganovs, there was a poultry house, where decorative birds were kept: peacocks, guinea fowls, swans, etc. Gilardi converted this building into a forge, since it is located not far from the horse yard. The poultry yard in Kuzminki has been documented since at least 1765. It contained Egyptian pigeons, peacocks and rare birds. Then the poultry yard was already in this place, but it was wooden. It was completely replaced by the existing "stone" building, erected in 1805-1806. and designed by I.V. It's ready. During the war of 1812, all the exotic birds that were in the poultry yard were killed. After that, the Poultry Yard ceased to exist.
In the Upper Pond, at the dam itself, the canal begins, which feeds the Shchuchiy Pond... It is along and near this channel that the oldest trees in the park grow. The channel is filled with water, but the current is very weak. Therefore, in the summer the channel "blooms". But, nevertheless, huge old trees - oaks and larch - in combination with the calm smooth surface of the water give a peculiar beauty to this corner of the park. On Shchuchye pond, almost at the very shore, there is a small round island. Once upon a time, stone arched bridges with low stone parapets also led to it from both banks of the canal. On the island stood Birch, or Chinese gazebo... Outside, it was covered with birch bark, which is why it was called birch. Its roof was a bit like a Chinese pagoda, which gave the second name to the gazebo. There were cast-iron benches with openwork backs near the gazebo, and a sculpture at the entrance. Unfortunately, to date, almost nothing of the ancient buildings and sculptures have survived. One can only feel the charm of the old manor, the decline of which began at the end of the 19th century.
In the 1890s, all buildings, except for the main house, were rented out as summer cottages. Summer cottages are being built in the park. Thus, the estate is gradually turning into a profitable and popular summer cottage. With the beginning of the 20th century, Kuzminki experienced many years of suffering. The first world war the main house, where the officers' hospital was then located, burned down. The final destruction of the estate began immediately after 1917, when the monuments to Nicholas I and Maria Feodorovna... Art historian A.N. Grech wrote: “The bridges on the bridges were broken by unbridled visitors, the stones of the pier were turned out - just for the sake of just wanting to see them falling into the water ... the log frame of the Horse Yard pavilion appeared from under the sprinkled plaster. Flowers and plants in greenhouses died. And later, when the pier and the horse yard were nevertheless repaired by the efforts of enthusiasts of the old art, the new owners of Kuzminki sold for scrap and alloy cast-iron benches, garden lighting fixtures, trellises, even pedestals dug into the ground with chains that distinguished between the rows of trimmed limes the entrance alley ... ”After the revolution, the Veterinary Laboratory was transferred here, transformed into an Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, which still occupies the main buildings of the estate.
Here we are with you and got acquainted with the main part of the Kuzminki estate with its buildings. You will walk in the park yourself, without us. When walking, take your time, look around more often, because there are very few straight alleys and paths in Kuzminki, and every turn opens up new views and new landscapes for you. The former splendor of the Golitsyn estate near Moscow is impressive. But today it is very difficult to see it among the ruins after ten years of desolation and destruction. And yet, recently, thanks to the close attention of the authorities, the situation is beginning to change. The Church of the Blakherna Icon of the Mother of God was reconstructed, the Shchuchiy pond was cleaned and shore protection works began. The restoration of the Horse Yard with the Music Pavilion and the reconstruction of the original appearance of Slobodka are underway.

Kuzminki (Moscow region) - This term has other meanings, see Kuzminki. Kuzminki Municipality Kuzminki Coat of arms ... Wikipedia

Kuzminki - Kuzminki: Kuzminki is an autumn day of the folk calendar of the Slavs, celebrated on November 1 (14). In Moscow, Kuzminki (manor) is a large manor, now located on the territory of Moscow. Kuzminsky forest park park and forest park in Moscow. ... ... Wikipedia

Kuzminki (park) - Coordinates: 55 ° 41'25 ″ s. sh. 37 ° 47'22 ″ in. d. / 55.690278 ° N sh. 37.789444 ° E etc ... Wikipedia

Manor Lyublino - Coordinates: 55 ° 41'18 ″ s. sh. 37 ° 44'36 "in. d. / 55.688333 ° N sh. 37.743333 ° E etc ... Wikipedia

manor - Cm … Synonym dictionary

Kuzminki - an architectural and artistic ensemble of the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries, the former country estate of the Golitsyn princes (since 1960 within the boundaries of Moscow). In the XVIII century. the compositional center of the ensemble was a pond, along the banks of which in a picturesque landscape ... Art encyclopedia

Kuzminki - architectural and artistic ensemble of Russian classicism, 2nd floor. 18 beginning. 19th century, the former country estate of the Golitsins (since 1960 within the city limits of Moscow). Manor house, Pomerantsevaya gallery (not preserved; architects R.R. Kazakov and I.V. ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

kuzminki - noun, number of synonyms: 2nd district of Moscow (130) estate (35) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary

Manor Kuskovo - an architectural and artistic ensemble of the 18th century, located in the east of Moscow. Includes a palace built under the direction of the architect K. I. Blank in the second half of the 18th century in the style of classicism; a regular, sculptured park with ... ... Wikipedia

The history of the Golitsyn estate in Kuzminki is closely intertwined with the fate of Russian families known in Russian history. This place was then one of the most famous among the Russian nobility, and now it is a historical monument of those years.

Only 150 years ago in Moscow, the Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki estate was called nothing other than the "Russian Versailles". It has earned this name due to its architectural beauty and vast parkland. Peter I, Alexander II, Nicholas I came here. Foreign ambassadors often attended celebrations here.

At the end of the 19th century, Kuzminki became a favorite vacation spot for summer cottages. Together with Russia, the Golitsyn estate went through hard times, but managed to survive, and now it is very popular with visitors. The estate, which once adequately hosted tsars, and now boasts a horse yard with sculptures by Peter Klodt, an outhouse where once noble servants lived, an authentic bathhouse and a smithy.

You can move around the Golitsyn estate alone or with a guide, on foot or by bicycle, and there is also the opportunity to travel on a raft along the Upper Kuzminsky pond, ride in the saddle on horses or order an interesting excursion by bus. The excursion will be interesting for both adults and children. All of them enjoy attending events that are held near the estate. These are interactive programs introducing the history of the estate, the games and amusements of aristocrats and their children, and the life of the Russian peasants of the estate. At the same time, the guides are dressed up in historically accurate clothes of aristocrats and peasants.

In the Golitsyn estate there are sections, studios and circles for children. Schoolchildren willingly attend a historical and botanical circle, arts and crafts, acting, an art studio and a ballroom dance club. An unusual wedding ceremony “Wedding in the Museum” can be held in the estate. According to a special program, you can celebrate a birthday in the Russian tradition with authentic music, games and fun, with an original Russian generous treat. Those who love an active family vacation can go on an organized picnic, where they will drink real tea from a samovar and introduce you to the vast sights of the estate park and architectural treasures.

The museum on the territory of the Golitsyn estate will revive and bring closer those ancient times of the Russian noble era, when not cars, but royal carriages were parked here, when it was not rock that sounded, but grandiose secular balls were held. Take a fascinating excursion into the past, plunge into the atmosphere of those years and breathe fresh air park, will allow a trip to this wonderful corner of Moscow.

The Moscow Literary Museum-Center of K.G. Paustovsky (GBUK in Moscow) is the only museum of the world famous writer in the Russian Federation. Since 1975, the Museum Center has been collecting and preserving the writer's legacy; the museum has a unique collection of memorial items, manuscripts, documents of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky (1892-1968) and his literary circle. The Museum is a scientific center for the study of the work of K. G. Paustovsky and regularly holds scientific conferences with the participation of Russian and foreign researchers. Since 1992, the cultural and educational museum magazine "Paustovsky's World" has been published. The Museum Center organizes exhibition projects, including major interregional exhibitions.
On November 29, 2013, a new exposition "Paustovsky House" was opened. On the first floor of an old house, a monument architecture XVIII century, a unique figurative plot exposition was created, equipped with modern digital and interactive equipment. The halls of the museum have been transformed into unique exhibition and art models. In a certain sequence, five philosophical and poetic "Ecos" appear, united mainly - the way of the Roads.
“City” is a stone-iron “ecos”, where the soul of a writer endowed with a poetic gift was born, striving to break free from the shackles of the tragic and bloody events of the 20th century in search of truth and harmony.
The "sea" is the favorite natural element of the writer, associated with the first romantic love and giving rise to creativity.
“Forest” is a natural environment that promotes creativity and comprehension of the ontologically inextricable connection between Man and Nature.
“Mir” is an open environment in which the Master's triumphal procession takes place in the space of Russian and world culture of the 20th century.
“Home” is an ideal space in which the writer finds peace of mind and realizes the eternal striving for the artist's harmonious existence in Nature and Creativity.
The new exposition of the museum-center for the first time presents the writer's personal belongings, unique documents and photographs from his family archive, which for a long time were considered lost, as well as works of world famous artists from private collections.
The museum implements the cultural and educational program "Travel to Paustovsky's World", which includes excursions, lectures, interactive museum classes and theatrical performances for all categories of visitors.