For every adult resident of the Buryat village of Vydrino, which is located in beautiful place the Baikal coast, the bailiffs have four to five writs of execution. And everyone's debts are growing exponentially. How did it happen that a whole locality, Sibnet.ru was told by local authorities, bailiffs and residents themselves.
ALL SHOULD
In the village of Vydrino, the bailiffs have a lot of work: almost every third inhabitant, including children, is a debtor. For every adult, there are at least four to five enforcement proceedings. And the money cannot be returned, many debtors simply do not have property that can be described.
According to Galina Subbotina, an employee of the press service of the Republican Directorate of the FSSP, the residents of Vydrino owe a total of 29.9 million rubles. Most of them are utility bills, for which the Vydrinsky did not pay 12.8 million rubles. There is also a total debt in favor of credit institutions in the amount of over 6 million rubles and fines from specially authorized bodies in the amount of 524 thousand rubles.
"Currently, the actual problems in the execution of enforcement proceedings are: insolvency or low solvency of debtors (lack of property and income, unemployment, debt load), the absence of debtors at the addresses indicated in the enforcement documents," Subbotina said.
According to the law, if the debtor does not have property that can be described, the enforcement proceedings ends with an act on the impossibility of collection and is returned without performance to the claimant. But the claimant has the right to re-initiate the collection process. And so in a circle.
“We live in a house, we each have two or three loans. Because our salary is not enough anywhere. We have more unemployed in the village. I worked as a watchman in the administration, I wanted to go to the post office, postmen were required. But they don’t take it, you work in one area, but you cannot go there, ”says Natalya Mitryaeva, a resident of Vydrino.
She receives 8 thousand rubles, and her husband, who works in a local colony, 30 thousand rubles. But the family does not have enough money: the couple are raising four children.
“In our village we need a car to pick berries, for example. What to take it for? We're going to the bank to get a loan, they won't give us. We both work, but there are unemployed and they are given. They then change passports and surnames, ”the woman says.
She believes that the local authorities are to blame for everything, because they do not create new jobs. And now they also want to close the main "enterprise" for the village - the colony. The interlocutor is sure that an intelligent and economic leader could solve this problem.
“Our children have nothing to do. My child is 14 years old - he works at a camp site in order to earn money for the school ... We have a camp site in Novosnezhnaya. He rides a bike there, ”says Mitryaeva.
AND THE ELECTRIC CHANGE IS CANCELED
The head of the village council Svetlana Orlova has been living in Vydrino since birth. She believes that unemployment drives people into debt, but there are also those who are simply dishonest about payments.
“We have 50% unemployment and people who are not mentally prepared for this life have alcoholism ... Maybe the 90s played a role here. When the town-forming enterprise - the timber yard - went away, people lost their meaning. Then someone found himself, and someone did not, ”says Orlova.
According to her, in July of this year, the electric train was canceled and now you can get to the village only by passing trains, which is inconvenient and expensive. “We are trying to create jobs. But production is prohibited here on Lake Baikal. Our electricity is five times higher than in the neighboring Irkutsk region across the river. We have three rubles, and for legal entities - 5 rubles. And in the neighboring region they have up to 1 ruble. Who will invest what? ”- says the head of the village.
She explains that the village's annual budget is 11 million rubles, but it still needs to be collected, because the tax arrears are also large. And from the budget, only 500 thousand rubles are spent on snow removal - winters in this area are very snowy.
TOURISM?
“The village of Vydrino is recognized as depressed, where the main place of work is a correctional colony, where about 180 people work. This situation has been created for years. In Soviet times, about 12 thousand people lived and worked in the village (now about 5 thousand). The timber base ceased to exist, everything began to decline sharply, "says the head of the Kabansky district administration, Sergei Savvateev.
According to him, high prices for electricity are associated with the fact that they have recently changed management company... They changed it because the heating season in the village was difficult, with delays. After the change of company, the situation improved, but prices rose.
“They had problems with non-payments and situations when there was no coal - more than once (happened). Now the situation is better, major repairs are being carried out on heating networks and on boilers, ”says the head of the district. He notes that the authorities are looking for options to create new jobs. For example, next to Vydrino there is Mount Mamai, which tourists like, and now it is planned to create a ski complex on it.
“An agreement has been concluded with the“ Star of Baikal ”company, which wants to develop and implement a project for the development of a tourist zone, thereby we plan to occupy the population and reduce the unemployment rate. There is a search for investors, ”explains Savvateev.
However, while he finds it difficult to predict exactly when it will turn out to build a ski complex.
REFERENCE:
Vydrino is located on the Snezhnaya River in the place where it flows into Lake Baikal in the Kabansky region of Buryatia. The history of the village begins in 1902 - initially it was a railway station on the Trans-Siberian Railway. In the middle of the last century, between the station and the coast of Lake Baikal, a large timber transshipment base was built and a working village was founded, for which it became a city-forming enterprise. Due to the lack of labor, a correctional colony was even established here. But in the 1990s, the timber transshipment base was closed.
In 2004, Moscow businessmen began construction of a plant for bottling Baikal water, which occupied part of the population, but today this enterprise is also not working. In the mid-2000s, the status of the village was changed to a village.
Photo: provided by the administration of the village of Vydrino
The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun is detrimental to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the sun, meteorologists calculate the index of ultraviolet radiation, which characterizes the degree of its danger.
What UV radiation from the Sun is
Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.
-
UV-A. Long-wave range radiation
315-400 nmThe rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the Earth.
-
UV-B. Medium wavelength range
280-315 nmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
-
UV-C. Shortwave range
100-280 nmThe most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone before reaching the Earth.
The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in the spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable weather characteristics. Carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.
At what values \u200b\u200bof the UV index is there a danger
The UV Index gives an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun on the Earth's surface. UV Index values \u200b\u200brange from safe 0 to extreme 11+.
- 0 - 2 Low
- 3 - 5 Moderate
- 6 - 7 High
- 8 - 10 Very high
- 11+ Extreme
At mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values \u200b\u200b(6–7) only at the maximum height of the Sun above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9 ... 11+ points throughout the year.
Why the sun is useful
In small doses, the sun's UV radiation is essential. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, vitamin D necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.
Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.
The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.
Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and has antirachitic functions.
Why the sun is dangerous
Taking sunbathing, it is important to understand that the border between useful and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The body's defense system cannot cope with such an aggressive effect. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain
How the sun affects people
Susceptibility to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are most sensitive to the Sun - for them protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is most affected by the Sun
People with light
skin tone
People with many moles
Residents of the middle latitudes while vacationing in the south
Winter lovers
fishing
Alpine skiers and climbers
People with a family history of skin cancer
In what weather is the sun more dangerous
It is a common misconception that the Sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can get burnt in cool cloudy weather.
Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not at all reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of sunburn, which cannot be said about traditional places. beach holiday... For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburn in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.
How to protect yourself from the sun
To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow these simple rules:
Stay less in the Sun at noon hours
Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats
Use protective creams
Wear sunglasses
More shade on the beach
Which sunscreen to choose
Sunscreen varies in sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) of the UV rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of 50 cream, only 1/50, or 2%, affect the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. At the same time, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.
For everyday use, when the time spent under the sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For sunbathing on the beach, it is better to take 30 or more. However, for fair-skinned people, it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.
How to apply sunscreen
The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe long enough, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.
Specify the required amount for application in the cream instructions.
How to apply sunscreen when swimming
Sunscreen should be applied every time you bathe. Water washes away the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. This increases the risk of sunburn when bathing. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Excessive sweating and towel drying is also a reason to re-protect your skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide adequate protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of UV rays, increasing their effect on the skin.
How to protect your eyes
Sunlight bouncing off water, snow or sand can cause painful retinal burns. Use UV-filtered sunglasses to protect your eyes.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains, the atmospheric filter is thinner. For every 100 meters of altitude, the UV index increases by 5%.
Snow reflects up to 85% of UV rays. In addition, up to 80% of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is again reflected by the clouds.
Thus, the Sun is most dangerous in the mountains. Protecting your face, lower chin and ears is essential even in cloudy weather.
How to deal with sunburn if you're burned
Sponge your body with a damp sponge to dampen the burn
Apply an anti-burn cream to the burned areas
If the temperature rises, consult a doctor, you may be advised to take an antipyretic
If the burn is severe (the skin is very swollen and blistering), seek medical attention
Excursions to Vydrino from private guides and travel agencies.
Online ordering at Pomogator.Travel: no intermediaries and prepayments!
Vydrino is a small village in the Republic of Buryatia with a population of less than 5,000 people, Russians and Buryats live in it. For a long time it was the center of the woodworking industry. But due to its closure in the 90s, the local population began to reorient towards tourism. This is facilitated by beautiful views and nature. And ten years ago, a plant for bottling water from Lake Baikal was built near the village.
In the near future, it is planned to create an ecological hotel in Vydrino with tennis courts and swimming pools. It will be used to attract tourists and organize outdoor activities. Also, sports events will be held here every year. An interesting new proposal was the construction of apartments, which people will buy and use as a holiday apartment, or rent out to travelers.
IN winter time here they plan to invite hockey players, skiers and biathletes to train. In addition, there is talk about the construction of a new ski resort "Mamai". Tourists love to come to the mountain for freeriding, the so-called free descent without a track. However, it should be taken into account that in this place the frequency of avalanches is very high. Therefore, it is advisable to take local guide and an instructor who can analyze the hazard and indicate the best path.
People come to the village of Vydrino to enjoy the famous Lake Baikal, which surrounds it from the northern side. From the south, the Khamar-Daban mountains rise to the village. Such landscapes and unspoiled nature attract a lot of travelers here. A fresh air and the beauty of the Baikal Territory will make you come again and again. To visit secluded taiga places, it is better to hire a guide who will take you to the Vydrina and Snezhnaya rivers, show you Warm lakes... And with good sports training, you can conquer Khamar-Daban itself.
Video from Vydrino
The main attraction of Vydrino, located near the village, is Mount Mamai. According to ethnographers, its name comes from the Evenk "moma", which means a wooded place. However, tourists are attracted here not only by the mountain, but also by the three rivers flowing from it. In the summer, these places ...
Vydrino: excursions and activities
Fans of hiking excursions immediately choose a trip to the Sable Lakes in Vydrino. The distance to them is more than 28 kilometers one way, so this route will take three days. The guide will advise you on what to take with you on the hike depending on the season and indicate the places scenic parking... For those who want to organize trekking here in winter, it is worth considering that due to the specific wind rose, the snow cover on the slopes is thicker here than in other places. Therefore, skis or snowshoes are required.
Excursions to the foot of Khamar-Daban are also popular in Vydrino. They will tell you about the Warm Lakes and set aside time to swim in them. A popular route is a hike to the waterfall on the Snezhnaya River. Crystal clear water falls from a height of 12 meters.
And those who have good physical fitness and are ready for extreme travel should visit the Harmyn-Dulu waterfall. Nature has divided the water into three rocky troughs, which gives the water even more acceleration when falling. In the summer, you will spend more than three days on such an excursion due to the narrow, impassable canyons. In winter, of course, there will be no blooming mountains around you, but along the frozen river you will quickly reach your destination. If you wish, you can stay for a winter hut in a small hut and, watching the huge starry sky over the snow-capped mountains, feel like a real traveler.
Vydrino's story
The peculiarity of the settlement is that it consists of three different villages, created in different time... The oldest was created in the 18th century and served for crossing the river, it was called Snezhnaya. The second was actually a settlement next to the railway ...
Climate in Vydrino
It can be said about the village that the climate here is cold, with an average annual temperature in the region of zero, but at the same time moderate. He is not characterized by sharp jumps and fluctuations. Winters are rarely snowy, and the driest period is February, with 9 mm of rainfall.
But it is worth noting that this applies only to the settlement, outside of it in the forest untouched snow cover can reach a meter, and without skis you will fall to the waist. It rains in the middle of summer, this time is characterized by the highest temperatures, which, however, rarely exceed 25 degrees.
Tourist events announcements
Vydrino: entertainment and active recreation
At first glance, it seems that there is no entertainment in Vydrino. There is only one museum for the entire village at the village library with information about the history of the native land and participants in the Great Patriotic War.
However, it all depends on where you settled. If it's big hotel, then at your service there will be a bar, a cafe with Buryat cuisine, catamarans, badminton. If this is a small hotel, then the owners will certainly offer you to taste a real Russian bath, which every self-respecting villager has.
In the evenings, they traditionally while away time with a samovar and long conversations. And if you prefer a wild vacation and put up a tent on the shore of Lake Baikal, then the most important entertainment for you will be the varied nature and running waves. Fishing is also popular in the village. If you have not brought fishing gear with you, you can rent them. And the locals will secretly tell you about the good places.
There is no public transport in the village, because there are only 21 streets. At a leisurely pace, the village can be overcome from end to end in half an hour. However, it all depends on the time of year when you plan your trip.
In winter, skis will come in handy here, easily running on which you can see the surroundings. And in the summer, a bicycle will do. The locals are quite responsive, so, if necessary, they will drop you where you ask.
origin of name
The village (originally a settlement) is named after railway station Vydrino, which comes from the name of the river of the same name, which flows into Lake Baikal 15 km to the east. Russian ambassador Nikolai Spafari, who visited this area in 1675 on his way to China, wrote: "The river flows Vydryanaya, and they call them Vydryana because they catch a lot of otters and beavers on it."
History
The area along the right bank of the Snezhnaya River consists of three settlements built at different times. The first of them was founded in the 18th century when crossing the river (it was called Snezhnaya; now within the village) on the Circum-Baikal highway, the second, Vydrino, was founded in 1902 as a railway station on the Trans-Siberian Railway. During the civil war, battles between the detachments of Nestor Kalandarishvili, the Slyudyanka Red Guards and the Irkutsk Bolsheviks with the Semyonovites and the Kappelevites took place here.
On May 24, 1956, the village of Vydrino at the BLPB received the status of a working village.
In the 1990s, the BLPB closed, there was an outflow of the population and a decrease in the birth rate, leveled only by 2007.
On November 12, 2003, the working village of Vydrino was transformed into a village (resolution of April 16, 2003).
In 2004, Moscow businessmen began construction of a plant for bottling Baikal water, which occupied part of the population.
Population
Infrastructure
Average comprehensive school, children's art school, kindergartens, House of Culture, library, district hospital, clinic, correctional colony, housing and communal services.
Museums
The Vydrinsky Rural Library houses the Museum of Military Glory named after the Full Knight of the Order of Glory Ivan Ivanovich Bykov. The museum displays documents and photographs about fellow countrymen - participants in the Great Patriotic War, as well as local history information.
Born in the village
- Bykov, Ivan Ivanovich - full holder of the Order of Glory.
- Nosal, Grigory Arsentyevich - Hero of Socialist Labor.
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Excerpt characterizing Vydrino (village, Buryatia)
- What a brute! - said Denisov. - I need to ask ...- Yes, I asked him, - said Tikhon. - He says: poor knowledge. Ours, he says, are many, but all are bad; only, says one name. Ahnete, he says, well, you’ll take everyone, ”concluded Tikhon, looking merrily and decisively into Denisov's eyes.
- Here I will pour those hundred gogs "yachih, and you will be arched" aka that kog "chit, - said Denisov sternly.
- But why be angry then, - said Tikhon, - well, I haven't seen your Frenchmen? Let it go dark, I’ll bring you at least three of them.
- Well, let's go, - said Denisov, and he drove all the way to the guardhouse, frowning angrily and silently.
Tikhon walked in behind, and Petya heard how the Cossacks were laughing with him and at him about some boots that he threw into the bush.
When that laughter that took possession of him passed at the words and smile of Tikhon, and Petya realized for a moment that this Tikhon had killed the man, he felt awkward. He looked back at the captive drummer, and something pricked him in the heart. But this awkwardness lasted only one moment. He felt the need to raise his head higher, to cheer up and to question the esaul with a significant air about tomorrow's enterprise, so as not to be unworthy of the society in which he was.
The sent officer met Denisov on the road with the news that Dolokhov would come himself now and that everything was all right on his side.
Denisov suddenly cheered up and called Petya to him.
“Well, tell me about yourself,” he said.
Petya, when leaving Moscow, leaving his relatives, joined his regiment and soon after that he was taken as an orderly to the general in command of a large detachment. From the time of his promotion to an officer, and especially from entering the active army, where he participated in the Battle of Vyazemsk, Petya was in a constantly happily excited state of joy that he was big, and in constant enthusiastic haste not to miss some case of real heroism ... He was very happy with what he saw and experienced in the army, but at the same time it all seemed to him that where he was not, there now the most real, heroic is happening. And he was in a hurry to get there where he was not.
When on October 21 his general expressed a desire to send someone to Denisov's detachment, Petya asked so pitifully to send him that the general could not refuse. But, sending him, the general, remembering Petya's insane act in the Vyazemsky battle, where Petya, instead of going by road to where he was sent, galloped into the chain under French fire and fired there twice from his pistol - sending him, the general it was he who forbade Petya to participate in any actions of Denisov. Because of this, Petya blushed and confused when Denisov asked if he could stay. Before leaving for the edge of the forest, Petya thought that he ought, strictly fulfilling his duty, to return immediately. But when he saw the French, saw Tikhon, learned that in the night they would certainly attack, he, with the rapidity of the transitions of young people from one glance to another, decided with himself that his general, whom he still respected very much, was rubbish, German, that Denisov is a hero, and Esaul is a hero, and that Tikhon is a hero, and that he would be ashamed to leave them at a difficult moment.
It was already getting dark when Denisov, Petya and the esaul drove up to the guardhouse. In the semi-darkness one could see horses in saddles, Cossacks, hussars, fixing huts in the clearing and (so that the French would not see the smoke) making a blushing fire in a forest ravine. In the hallway of a small hut, a Cossack, rolling up his sleeves, chopped mutton. In the hut itself there were three officers from Denisov's party, arranging a table from the door. Petya took off, giving it to dry, his wet dress and immediately began to assist the officers in arranging the dining table.
In ten minutes the table was ready, covered with a napkin. On the table was vodka, rum in a flask, white bread, and roast lamb with salt.
Sitting at the table with the officers and tearing the fat, fragrant lamb with his hands, through which lard was flowing, Petya was in an ecstatic childhood state of tender love for all people and, as a result, confidence in the same love of other people for himself.
- So what do you think, Vasily Fedorovich, - he turned to Denisov, - it's okay that I stay with you for a day? - And, without waiting for an answer, he answered himself: - After all, I was ordered to find out, well, here I will find out ... Only you will let me into the very ... in the main one. I don't need awards ... But I want to ... - Petya gritted his teeth and looked around, twitching his raised head up and waving his hand.
- In the most important one ... - Denisov repeated, smiling.
- Only, please, give me a command at all, so that I am in command, - continued Petya, - well, what does it cost you? Oh, you have a knife? - he turned to the officer who wanted to cut off the mutton. And he held out his jackknife.
The officer praised the knife.
- Take, please, yourself. I have a lot of them ... - Petya said, blushing. - Fathers! I completely forgot, ”he suddenly cried out. - I have wonderful raisins, you know, such, without seeds. We have a new token - and such wonderful things. I bought ten pounds. I'm used to something sweet. Do you want? .. - And Petya ran into the vestibule to his Cossack, brought bags, in which there were five pounds of raisins. - Eat, gentlemen, eat.
- Do you need a coffee pot? - he turned to the esaul. - I bought it from our storekeeper, wonderful! He has wonderful things. And he is very honest. This is the main thing. I will certainly send you. And maybe more, you have flints, flints have come out, - it happens. I took with me, I have here ... - he pointed to the bag, - a hundred flints. I bought it very cheap. Take, please, as much as you need, or even that's all ... - And suddenly, frightened that he was lying, Petya stopped and blushed.
Vydrino
Vydrino
Region: Republic of Buryatia
Founded: XVIII century
Population, thousand people: 5
Timezone:
MSK + 5 (UTC + 8, UTC + 9 in summer)
Coordinates: 51 ° 27'00 ″ s. sh. 104 ° 38'00 "in. etc. (G)
On the map of Russia: Yandex.Maps
Distance to the regional center with. Kabansk - 180 km, to Irkutsk - 172 km and 300 km to the capital of the Republic of Buryatia, Ulan-Ude.
Vydrino is a village in the Kabansky district of the Republic of Buryatia on south bank Lake Baikal at the mouth of the Snezhnaya River (on the other side of the river, in the Irkutsk Region, there is the village of Novosnezhnaya). The population is about 5 thousand inhabitants. Founded by Vydrino in the 18th century as a crossing over Snezhnaya. In 1903, a station of the Trans-Siberian Railway was built, which expanded the boundaries of the village. The village of Vydrino is located on the southern shore of Lake Baikal, here along the Snezhnaya River lies the administrative border of the Republic of Buryatia with the Irkutsk Region. The name of the village comes from the river of the same name, a tributary of Lake Baikal. The Russian ambassador Nikolai Spafari, who visited this region in 1675 on his way to China, wrote: "The river flows Vydryanaya, and they call them Vydryana because they catch a lot of otters and beavers along it." Vydrino consists of three villages, built at different times. The first of them, as a crossing over the Snezhnaya River, was founded in the 18th century, the second was founded at the beginning of the 20th century as the Trans-Siberian railway station (1903). During the Civil War, battles of partisan detachments with Semyonovites and Kapelevites took place here. In the 1950s. In Vydrino, a large timber transshipment base, the Baikal LPB, was built and a working village was founded. In 2003, Vydrino received the status of a village. A production facility for bottling Baikal water has been organized near Vydrino.
In Vydrino there is a secondary school, a children's art school, a children's art house, a village library, a village club, a post office, shops, medical facilities, and several guest houses.
The history of the development of the village of Vydrino.
The land stretching from the shores of Lake Baikal to the wide steppes of Mongolia is our native, rich and unique land of Buryatia.
Our village is located on the territory of Buryatia, on the shores of a unique lake.
The village has ancient history and its own characteristics: it consists of three villages formed at different times. The first settlement was founded, most likely in the 18th century, as a crossing over the Snezhnaya river. The second is on the railway. station, founded in connection with the construction
the state of the Trans-Siberian Railway Moscow-Vladivostok. The third one was founded in 1954 in connection with the construction of the Baikal timber transshipment base.
There were no exiles on the territory of our village; they lived in other regions of Buryatia, in Kabansk. And our land near Lake Baikal was not inhabited until the beginning of the 20th century. Historical documents indicate that in ___ began the annexation of the Buryat lands to Russia, and in 1659-1666. the main part of Buryatia has already been annexed to Russia.
And only by the beginning of the 18th century, when crossings were needed for communication, several houses appeared at the mouth of the Snezhnaya River. This was the first village and it was called "Snezhnaya".
It was located on this side of the river, where there was a raid and not reaching the modern fire tower. October 8, 2000 the students of our school have counted the burials in the old cemetery (near the fire tower.) 26 graves have been preserved. On one of them the inscriptions are preserved: “... the blacksmith Afanasy Andreevich Kuzminsky, who suffered from the explosion of dynamite, therefore died prematurely on October 9, 1902. 30 years old. Peace be to your ashes from your wife Lyusinya Ivanovna. "Accept, my friend, the last duty of earthly recompense, alas, now there is no hope for me to meet with you."
But it cannot be considered that this is the first grave, because the early burials have already been erased by time; this grave has survived since the headstone and cross are made of stone and iron and are therefore well preserved.
From the words of the old residents who lived here at the beginning of the twentieth century, there are recorded memories of this village.
Kharchenko Ekaterina Danilovna said that she arrived in Vydrino in 1930,
and that there was a village on the shore of Lake Baikal, where the Moscow highway passed. It was inhabited by people from wealthy Russian families: the staff captain of the tsarist army Konovalov, he built an entire estate here: a 2-storey wooden house, a vegetable garden, they sowed bread. His wife is a former architect.
There was a post office and there were post horses. There was a house for passers-by. On the other side of the river, where the village of Novo-Snezhny is now, there were 2-3 houses, this village was called Gorkhon.
IN summer time they were melted across the river by boat, and later by ferry.
Several families lived in the village of Snezhnoye, they looked after horses and other livestock, planted arable land, and fished. Ekaterina Danilovna recalls that these were good people, kind, hardworking, they had large families: the Nalabordins, Bykovs, Zuevs and others. Other old residents of our village also remember the village on the shore of Lake Baikal. So, Razuvaeva Evdokia Petrovna lived in the village since 1931. remembers that on the shore of Lake Baikal there was a small village (where the fire station is now and the tower and from it further to Lake Baikal) of houses 7-8.
The inhabitants of the village were served by a ferry across the Snezhnaya River.
The Tyklins, Kulavskys, Kashkartsevs lived there. They were dexterous and hardworking fishermen.
They had livestock and vegetable gardens.
Village at the station.
At the end of 1891, the construction of the Trans-Siberian
highways. The construction was carried out simultaneously from both ends towards each other: from Moscow and Vladivostok. The most difficult section of this road is the Circum-Baikal, where
it was necessary to cut several tunnels through the mountains, prepare embankments, clear the area of \u200b\u200bforest.
August 16, 1898 the first train arrived in Irkutsk. Then the trains were transported across Lake Baikal - in winter on ice, and in summer by ferries. And the construction of the railway continued from Irkutsk to the East. And approximately in 1903. passed through our area. The road “opened Siberia”, including Buryatia, for the Russian and world markets, for further colonization and industrial development of the region. Together with the construction of the railway, the construction of the village at the railway station began: train Station and three typical buildings, private houses along the railway began to be built. Today this street is called "Red Partisans", where the families of Veresovs, Laptevs, Kolesovs, Krylovs, Chekulai, Mozharovs lived.
In 1918-1919, on the territory of our village, along the railway line, there were heavy battles between partisan units and Semyonovites and detachments of Kapelevites.
The railway bridge across the Snezhnaya River passed from hand to hand several times. The inhabitants of our village, the Grigoriev brothers - Sergei Andreevich and Ivan Andreevich, the merchant's youngest son Vasily Veresov and others took an active part in the struggle for Soviet power.
On the territory of the village in different places there were burials of partisans (for some reason, not in the cemetery). Subsequently, at the end of the 60s, not far from the station, a monument to the Fighters for Soviet Power was unveiled, which is entered in the book historical monuments Buryatia. Another monument at the burial place of the Civil War veresov Vasily Efimovich. In the composition of 7 fighters, he made his way through the Tunkinskaya valley to Baikal. In the village of Arshan, he was captured and shot along with his comrades. His brother M.E. Veresov reburied the remains of Vasily Efimovich in the village of Vydrino. A wooden obelisk with a height of 1.50 and width at the base of 0.20 * 0.20 m is installed on the grave. On a metal memorial plaque there is the text: “Veresov Vasily Efimovich.
Was born in 1898. Shot by the White Guards in 1918 ". It has now been replaced by a marble monument.
Later, before the Great Patriotic War, private houses began to be built along the banks of the Snezhnaya River (modern streets - Verkhnyaya Naberezhnaya and Traktovaya).
The place was very beautiful, the village was "embraced" by the taiga, berries near the houses, bird cherry, mountain ash and birch, like Yesenin's: "Air! - an infusion of herbs. There were several houses along Traktova, a house far from a house. The Tsyganovs, Subbotins, Aleksandrenko, Demidovs, Chechetkins, Khocheevs, Pozharsky, Istomin, Kapsulovich lived here. All of them for various reasons came from Central Russia: who can make money on the construction of the railway. And who was exiled.
So the Chechetkins - two sisters and a boy nephew with them, fled from the revolution all over the place, they were from a wealthy family, were educated, had a servant girl, dressed in the city, in summer in long dresses and hats. They taught 5-6 children at home, while there was no school.
The Kapsulovich family built a wooden house, platbands, windows, carved gates. This house was the most beautiful in the village. The owner brought Victoria seedlings from the West and planted the whole vegetable garden. In the summer I drove in large baskets for sale in Irkutsk. I did not give seedlings to anyone. But in 1937 he was repressed as a Trotskyist. The wife left the house and left. The inhabitants of the village dug up and planted a valuable berry, and since then this culture has been in every vegetable garden.
The Istomin family came from Central Russia in the 1920s. Father is a blacksmith, mother is
housewife, two girls: Veta and Lida, and there were also children. Their children and grandchildren still live in the village.
The large Aleksandrenko family came to the construction of the railway: a father, a mother, three grown sons and two daughters. They set themselves the goal of making money in order to return to Ukraine, but the monetary reform passed and the savings depreciated, and they remained to live in Siberia, their grandchildren live in Vydrino today.
There was a large Veresov family: Semyon, Mikhail, Alexey, Vasily, two sisters, Maria the teacher. Father was a merchant, had shops in railroad.
The Chekulai family. The youngest Aleksey - golden hands, a wonderful person, taught in elementary school, was drafted to the front and died. Krylov merchants, wife Tamara, husband Ion Antonovich, two sons - Sergey and Eugene. In the mid-20s, a typical one-story school building was built, very warm and neat with a boarding room and a veranda. According to the recollections of Ekaterina Danilovna Kharchenko and Valentina Vladimirovna Shevkunova, the first teachers in the village were Aleksandra Petrovna Sokolova, Teplova ..., Matronina ..., the head of the school was Elizoveta Baysurina (they don't remember their patronymic). There were not enough teachers. The guys have been studying for 10-13 years already, they studied with desire.
The first pupils of the school: the guys Kolesnikovs, Topilskys and others.
In the village there was a meteorological station (already in 1927), the head of Orlov, in 1937 he was repressed.
The head of the railway station was Vasily Trofimovich Ogienko,
road foreman Great-grandfather (the name is not remembered). Then Kozhinov Ilya Semenovich in the years of V.O.V., then Ladis Vasily. Nosal Konstantin, who later became the head of the station, was on duty at the station in the 30s.
Before the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, an industrial artel was created in the area of \u200b\u200bmodern Verkhnyaya Naberezhnaya Street, a branch was laid from the railway, cars were driven along it and 2-meter firewood was loaded, planed riveting for making boxes, barrels.
The procurement for Ulan-Ude and Slyudyanka was directed by Mikhail Mozharov. Several huts were built in the swamps, where they drove (smoked) fir oil from fir paws, two specialists worked for quality. During the years of V.O.V. women worked at these works: Pashkova Tamara Andriyanovna, sisters Grigorievs, Igonins, Bulycheva Anna and others.
The farm had 10-15 horses. The head of the artel is Peterson, during the war years Razuvaev Iosif Platonovich. The artel had nets to feed. We worked a lot, but lived together.
In the village already in the 30s there was a hunting union, a first-aid post, where paramedic Vera Rodzin and later Lilya Novikova worked; bathhouse, bakery, where Subbotin Vasily worked as a baker.
During the war, the village of Vydrino, like the whole country, worked for victory: they served the uninterrupted operation of the railway, cleared it by hand from snow,
soldiers guarded the railway bridge, fished, fed themselves and sent fish oil, fir oil to the front, knitted socks, gloves, collected parcels, invested their money in bonds, raised children, and most importantly, men were sent to the front from the village, every second of them did not return.
Here is a small episode from these days.
In 1935, the Kruglyakov family came to the village to recruit them for the railroad. My father worked as a trackman, during the war years, due to his age and "armor", as a track worker, he was not taken to the front. But the eldest daughter, Olga, born in 1923, was drafted to the front at the very beginning of the war and was a telephone operator throughout the war.
In 1945 she was transferred to the Eastern Front. The family was large - 6 children lived
how difficult everything was, especially the clothes were bad. Daughter Valya, born in 1926, wrote a letter to MI Kalinin in Moscow, where she described the life of the village, about her sister, about her father and complained that it was very difficult with clothes. And soon a package arrived from Moscow: a steel-colored winter coat with a printed tsigey collar, a white downy shawl and brick-colored felt boots. The parcel contained a letter, which, according to another sister, Ksenia, was kept for a long time, but unfortunately it has now been lost. All residents came to look at the gift from Moscow and sometimes, on especially solemn occasions, they were given a coat or shawl (recorded from the words of Ksenia's sister, who still lives in Vydrino).
In 1945, military units were dispersed in Vydrino and transferred to the Eastern Front. Many of our fellow countrywomen marry the soldiers. At the end of the war, most of the families created remained to live in Vydrino.
Albina Mikhailovna Lebedeva (for many years headed the Poisk club), making a selection of material about Vydrino, tried to find out why our village is called Vydrino.
Two versions were sounded from the respondents:
1. There were many otters in the river.
2. The railway foreman Vydrin allegedly lived, but none of the respondents clearly confirmed this version. Or a merchant, but none of the respondents knew the merchant Vydrin.
The railway from Irkutsk and through our places was built approximately in 1900-1904, because the first train to Irkutsk arrived on August 16, 1898. Therefore, the village near the railway did not appear earlier than 1903. 1903 was cut down on the building of the railway station under the casing. He was very small. With the growth of the village, a shop of merchants-Veresovs appeared in about 1905. The people interviewed have lived in the village since 1924 and since 1931. They remember the merchants Veresovs well, but have not heard of the merchant Vydrin. Although, if he was, they could hear about him from the lips of the older residents of the village. At the same time, a resident of Kharchenko E.D. confirms that there were many otters in the Snezhnaya River. And 20-30 km. to the east of the village of Vydrino there is a river called Vydrinnaya.
Buryat historians V.B. Bakhaev, Shagdurova, creating the History of Buryatia (pre-revolutionary period) write that in the 18th century the Buryats handed over yasak to the Russian state with furs. The most valuable was considered otter fur, which was estimated at 3-4 sable, silver-black and black fox (2 sables).
“The desire for a large increase in its (yasak) receipts to the treasury, selfish greed, Siberian governors, collectors of yasak, ... the entire hierarchy of the Siberian administration led to the fact that ... in just two centuries, the fur wealth of Siberia was radically undermined” (“ History of Buryatia "part 1, pp. 52-53. Bahaev. Shagdurova. Publishing house" Belig "1995) All this gives grounds to conclude that the name of our village Vydrino came from the abundance of river animals - otters that lived in the Snezhnaya River and were very valuable.
The question of designing a timber transshipment base (BLPB) arose at the state level in 1951 in connection with the construction of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station. The need arose for two reasons:
1. With the construction of the Irkutsk HPP, a powerful industrial complex was created on its energy base in the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo region. This caused a significant demand for wood, which led to an increase in logging in the Baikal region.
2. The Irkutsk hydroelectric power station blocked the bed of the Angara and the passage of forest above the dams was stopped. Therefore, the need arose for Baikal timber by rail, which led to the search for a point of transshipment from water to the railway.
On the basis of surveys in 1951-53, a site was selected for the construction of a timber transshipment base and a timber mill in the southern part of Lake Baikal at the site where the mouth of the Snezhnaya River and st. Vydrino. In 1953, the construction of a central artificial bucket for road work, timber unloading conveyors, and processing shops began. In 1954, the Vydrinsky section of the Angarsk glorious office began to operate. In 1958, the Council national economy Buryat-Mongolian Economic Administrative District by order No. 108 dated March 6 and by order of the Zabaikalles combine No. 77 dated March 7, the Baikal timber transshipment base was formed. Zakrevsky Ivan Feliksovich became the first director of BLPB, chief accountant Boguslavsky Marian Grigorievich. BLPB was transferred from the Baikal Rafting Office (act of March 20, 1958) the following equipment: 2 locomotives of 75 horsepower and one - 20 horsepower, TL-3 winches, trolleys steam crane "Old Burlak", gig, koshovka, 15 workers horses, carts, garage for 5 cars. Veterans remember how they worked on KT-12 tractors, ZIS-50 vehicles (gas-generating equipment powered by wood blocks). During this period, a sleeper plant, a timber workshop, a training center, a drying workshop were built and commissioned.
Simultaneously with the construction of the BLPB, the construction of the village of Vydrino (already the third) proceeded. Construction began simultaneously on both sides of the Snezhnaya River, both from the Irkutsk Region and from Buryatia. From the station we got to the construction site only on foot along one swampy path. We had to go to the place where Kommunisticheskaya Street is now. Then here and there sidewalks from boards were laid here and parts of panel houses were just beginning to be imported. The inhabitants gathered berries and mushrooms within the current settlement. For all visitors, the place of stopping and lodging was one two-story house, which is now occupied by the Vydrino housing and communal services and the village library. By the way, there was once a hospital there. The facilities located across the river in the village of Novo-Snezhny were then given to the BLPB. This is a club in a fitted barrack for 50 seats, a kindergarten and a nursery are also in the barracks. And only in the 60s the construction of housing and social culture facilities began to develop.
First of all, construction was carried out on the streets of Naberezhnaya, Rabochaya, Kommunisticheskaya. . In the village there were shops, a school, a club, an outpatient clinic, a kindergarten and a nursery, a House of Life.
In 1962, Pronyuk Teofil Leontyevich became the director of BLPB, and since 1965 the team was headed by Dmitry Dmitrievich Serebrennikov. The enterprise gradually increased its capacity. During loading and unloading operations, the winches were replaced with gantry cranes K-305, KKS-Yu, KB-572, BKSM-14. LT-62 cranes were installed at the whip exchange. Since 1972, the enterprise has been headed by Vitaly Romanovich Vorozheikin. During this period, the enterprise was reconstructed, replaced with more modern crosscutting lines, a new sleeper plant, a second timber workshop was built, crane facilities were updated, new equipment was supplied to the DOC. During the reconstruction, 14 million rubles were spent. So the unloading of the logs amounted to 1 million cubic meters of timber. Of these, up to 700 thousand cubic meters were processed at the enterprise itself. More than 400 thousand cubic meters of sleepers, about 100 thousand lumber, 200 sets of twelve-apartment houses, 40 thousand cubic meters of window blocks were produced. Advanced wood processing has been introduced (a workshop for technological chips has been built). The company's products were supplied to all parts of the country, The Far East, North to the union republics. With the construction of the BAM, the development of the oil and gas complex, the bulk of the products (sleepers, houses, window blocks, lumber) were supplied to the regions of the BAM and the Far North (Tyumen).
Subsequently, since 1979, after the transfer of Vorozheikin V.R., the directors were A.V. Myasnikov, N.N. Gerasimenko, M.N. Nazimov, Ivanov. But the work of not only managers, but also employees has been invested in the success of the enterprise since the day the enterprise was founded. These are Galina Mikhailovna Anufrieva, Zoya Khasimovna, Andrei Khasimovich, Leonid Khasimovich, Nikolai Khasimovich and Natalya Ilinichna Gazimzyanov. Vasily Pavlovich Dranchuk, Maria Alexandrovna Zarutskaya, Mansur Abdulovich Sukhnotdulin, Ivan Ivanovich Chuprin and many others. There were also family dynasties: Aslamovs, Skripodchikovs, Kapterovs, Demakovs, Gladyshevs, Emelyanovs, Novikovs.
Many workers have been awarded government awards for their conscientious work. Order of the Red Banner of Labor: Pyotr Ivanovich Bagaev, Vasily Illarionovich Bober, Dmitry Dmitrievich Serebrennikov, Nikolai Petrovich Goncharuk, Vasily Pavlovich Demakov, Valentina Panteleimonovna Zizyulko, Alexei Nikolaevich Nikolaev, Yuri Romanovich Tretyakov (twice), Ivan Ivanovich Chuprin (twice). The Order of Labor Glory of the 3rd degree was awarded to Nikolai Afanasyevich Boldakov, Nadezhda Fedorovna Zhikhareva, Alexandra Fedorovna Milyukina, Antonina Vasilievna Plyaskina, Olga Alexandrovna Shtyrnyaeva, Pavel Borisovich Lupikov, Nikolai Mikhailovich Starikov. Medals: Pyotr Ilyich Andrianov, Lyudmila Mikhailovna Alimasova, Arkady Ivanovich Alferov, Tamara Vasilievna Baryshevskaya, Alexey Dmitrievich Butin, Anatoly Ilyich Bychkovsky, Ivan Vasilyevich Bulygin, Tamara Ivanovna Gladysheva, Miriya Ivanovna Zimina, Faina Ivanovna Kolesyuk Nina Grigorievna Patrakhina, Nadezhda Grigorievna Postovaya, Vitaly Mikhailovich Ovsyannikov, Evgeniya Konstantinovna Sumirskaya, Lyubov Ivanovna Tomashevich, Galina Andreevna Fedorovskaya. The medal "Veteran of Labor" was awarded to 335 people.
The Baikal timber transshipment base began to occupy a prominent place in the activity of the region's industry (until the decree on Baikal adopted by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the USSR Council of Ministers of April 13, 1987), it produced marketable products in the amount of a quarter of the regional industrial plan. The main types of work are: production of sleepers, sawn timber, standard houses, window and door blocks, technological chips, unloading of timber, bucking of tree-lengths, production of containers, riveting, mailing boxes and facing tiles. Wood-chip and fibreboard used in construction and furniture production were produced from logging and woodworking waste. BLPB products were in demand not only in our country (from the Far East to Kazakhstan), but also sold abroad: Japan, Mongolia, Germany, Finland.
Over the 30 years of BLPB's existence, 24 million cubic meters of wood have been unloaded, about 20 million pieces of sleepers, 4.5 million cubic meters of sawn timber, 216 thousand cubic meters of packaging, 1621 thousand have been produced. square meters of residential buildings, 800 thousand square meters of window blocks. Many other products were also produced.
Organizations such as IK-4, PMK-5, KPP and MSP-12 also operated on the territory of the village of Vydrino. Thus, SME-12 made a worthy contribution to the development of the social and economic sphere of the village (the Rodnichok village was built, the railroad club, residential buildings at the Vydrino station, sponsored assistance to the school and hospital).
In connection with the transition to new economic conditions and the tightening of requirements for economic activities on the shores of Lake Baikal, the timber base began to experience considerable difficulties with the implementation of the state plan. The enterprise found itself in a difficult situation and ceased to exist in the early 90s. With the closure of BLPB, Vydrino lost its former significance.
In a dense forest, 5 km from the road, at the foot of the Khamar-Daban, there are Teplye Lakes - a favorite resting place for Vydrinsky and Irkutsk people, on the shore of one of the lakes there is a camp site "Snezhnaya". It also offers a view of the picturesque Monomakh's Hat, which is especially good in bright gold attire in early autumn. Impress every visitor with the snow-covered mountain peaks Khamar-Daban (up to 2151 m.). 25 km. to the north of Vydrino there is a beautiful 12-meter waterfall on the Snezhnaya River.
The popular Vydrino station begins walking route to the Sable Lakes. Experienced guides along forest and taiga trails will guide you along picturesque places: Tolbazikha, Mamai, Vydrina, Snezhnaya, Khamar-Daban rivers.
