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Middle Ages On the territory of Primorye in the Middle Ages, there were three empires, successively replacing each other: Bohai (698-926), Jin (1115-1234), Eastern Xia (1215-1233). This period in the history of the region is characterized by the emergence of inequality and estates, the emergence of government bodies beyond the control of the people, which are based on legitimate violence. The economy is characterized by qualitative transformations of the economy (primarily its production forms, such as agriculture), the development of crafts and trade. The development of the economy leads to the emergence of the first cities. In the field of culture, the polarization of ideology begins, the division of culture into elite and mass. Since the beginning of the VIII century, the territory of the region was part of the Bohai (or Parhe) state and at that time was divided into at least two territorial and administrative units: the Shuaybin region, named after the Suifun River (now Razdolnaya), in the valley of which its center was located, and the Yan district (Yanzhou), with the center located near the modern village of Kraskino in the Khasan region. In 926, Bohai was destroyed under the onslaught of the Khitan, after which a part of the Heishui Moeh (Jurcheni) tribes began to unite, which culminated in the creation of the Jin State, which defeated the Khitan Empire of Liao in 1125. Later, during the wars with the Chinese empire, Song Jin managed to capture all of North China and hold it for a century. At the beginning of the 13th century, the territory East Asia was subjected to Mongol invasions. This led to the loss of the eastern territories of the Jin Empire, which emerged as an independent state of Eastern Xia. At this time, the former distant outskirts of Primorye became one of the central regions of the new Jurchen state. However, in 1233, passing through Koryo, Mongol troops besieged Southern capital East Xia, and from that moment the state ceased to exist for 19 years. The final result of the Mongol invasions was the destruction of ancient civilizations, the devastation and devastation of Primorye. As one of the Chinese chroniclers wrote, "in the place where cities stood and stormy life was in full swing, desolation reigned and wild animals grazed." From the standpoint of official Russian historiography, until the appearance of the Russian pioneers, the region remained untouched and forgotten, which was partly facilitated by the policy of self-isolation carried out in China and Korea in the 17th-19th centuries. This, however, is not confirmed by the testimonies of the Russian pioneers themselves, in particular, Erofei Khabarov, who in his “unsubscribes” reported to the leadership that “those people, Dmitriy Andreevich and Osip Stepanovich, cannot take possession of that land, because that land is populous and a fiery battle "
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19th century - early 20th century In the middle of the 19th century, Russia began to strengthen its positions on the northwestern coast of the Pacific Ocean. In 1856 from the seaside parts Eastern Siberia together with Kamchatka, the Primorsk Region was formed, from which the Amur Region was separated in 1857. In 1858, the Primorsky region included everything newly acquired under the Aigun Treaty, the space between the right bank of the Amur, the Ussuri River and the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan, the city of Nikolaevsk was made the center of regional management, where the fleet was transferred from Petropavlovsk, however, this territory at that time was declared jointly run by Russia and China. In the same year the village of Khabarovka was founded, and in 1859 Sofiysk was founded. On June 20 (July 2, new style), 1860, Vladivostok was founded as a military post. On November 14 of the same year, the Beijing Treaty was signed, the result of which was the transfer of southern lands Of the Far East under the full jurisdiction of Russia, since then the southern part of Primorye has taken its current shape. At the same time, the resettlement movement began, which was carried out in two ways: compulsory and voluntary. In the first case, military teams were sent by order, Cossacks were sent by lot, peasants were sent at the expense of recruits, the administrative placement of state peasants, the exile of the Katarzhans, etc. The voluntary method, in contrast to the forced one, was characterized by the free resettlement of those willing to new lands.
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Revolution and Civil War Immediately after the October Revolution, during which the Bolsheviks came to power, the "Decree on Peace" was announced - Soviet Russia signed a truce on December 2, 1917 and withdrew from the First World War. On March 15-16, 1918, a military conference of the Entente was held in London, at which the question of the beginning of the intervention was discussed. On August 1, 1918, British troops landed in Vladivostok. In the Far East, the interventionists held out until 1922. At that time, the border of Primorye was poorly guarded, which made it possible for thousands of Korean immigrants to go to Russia, most of whom settled in the Vladivostok district, and made up 90% of the population in the Posyet district. The border was also crossed by Chinese immigrants, who, unlike Koreans, came to Primorye, as a rule, for seasonal work. On April 6, 1920, the Far Eastern Republic (FER) was proclaimed, which included, among other things, the Primorsky Region. On November 22, 1920, from the Imansky, Sakhalinsky, Udsky and Khabarovsk districts of the Primorsky region, the Amur Region of the Far East Region was formed with its center in the city of Khabarovsk. On May 26, 1921, in the southern part of the Primorsky region, as a result of the overthrow of the Bolsheviks, an independent state entity was formed - the Amur Zemsky Territory. In November 1921, a campaign against Khabarovsk and Anuchino began from Vladivostok, which ended in failure.
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Soviet period In the 30s, accelerated industrialization and collectivization of agriculture began. This led to the migration to the Far East of the inhabitants of the western and Siberian regions of the USSR. Migration was both voluntary and forced (deportation of Gulag prisoners). At the same time, the Stalinist leadership pursued a policy of ethnic and socio-demographic cleansing, which resulted in the eviction of several tens of thousands of "unreliable" and "socially alien" people. In 1937 - 1938, 200 thousand residents of the Korean (to Kazakhstan and Central Asia) and Chinese (mainly to China) nationalities were forcibly deported. As a result of ethnic deportations until the end of the 80s of the XX century, the Chinese and Koreans disappeared from the national composition of the population of Primorye. In the summer of 1938, on the southernmost border of Primorsky Krai, in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Khasan, between Manchukuo (a puppet state under Japanese rule) and the Soviet Union, military clashes took place, which went down in history as the Khasan battles. The cause of the conflict was Japan's claims to territory Lake Khasan and the Tumannaya River, as a result of two-week clashes, the USSR won. The losses of the USSR amounted to 960 dead, 2752 wounded, the losses of the Japanese side - 650 killed, 2500 wounded. In the same year, on October 20, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Primorsky Territory was formed as part of the RSFSR with the center in Vladivostok, which included the Primorsky and Ussuriyskaya regions of the Far Eastern Territory. On September 18, 1943, the Ussuri region, which was previously part of the Primorskaya Territory, was liquidated. After the end of World War II, the Primorsky Territory continued to develop as a large industrial and agricultural region of the Far East, but at the same time retained its specialization in raw materials. A significant role in the economy of the region was played by the railway and sea \u200b\u200btransport... On September 15, 1948, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR decided "To transfer the city of Sovetskaya Gavan, together with the suburban area from the Primorsky Territory to the Khabarovsk Territory". In the mid-60s. XX century, industries that were not previously available in the region were created: chemical, electrical, instrument-making, instrumental, porcelain, furniture, etc. At the same time, the migration of residents of the European part of Russia and Siberia continued, which led to an increase in the population of the region, with 1381 thousand people in 1959 to 1978 thousand in 1979, while the urban population prevailed in the socio-demographic structure of the region.
Filatkina Irina, Filatkina Marina
In this presentation you can find a lot of beautiful and interesting material about Primorsky Krai (Sikhote - Alin mountains, lotuses, Ussuri tiger, Far Eastern leopard, Ussuri taiga, endemics of Primorye, Khanka island, Ussuri river). The material can be used both in the classroom when studying Primorye, and as a separate project for a class hour during the days of Primorye in Russia.
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Primorsky Krai is located in the very south of the Russian Far East, stretching from north to south along the coast Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan... In the west, it borders with China, in the very south - with Korea, in the north - with the Khabarovsk Territory. Its area is 165 thousand square kilometers, which roughly corresponds to the size of the average region of Russia. However, by European standards, the region is huge, on its territory countries such as Belgium, Holland, Denmark and Switzerland taken together would fit. The southeastern part of the region is washed by the waters of the Peter the Great Bay, dissected off the coast by many bays and bays. Briefly about the region as a whole, we can say that this is a large industrial region of the Far East, the economy of which specializes in the fishing industry, mining and processing of non-ferrous metal ores, timber and woodworking industries. Agriculturally known as a producer of soybeans, rice, wheat, oats, as well as orchards and vineyards.
Travelers are attracted by the unique nature of the region. Most of its territory is occupied by the Sikhote-Alin mountains. Basically, these are ridges with rounded domed peaks and gentle slopes, the average height of which is 600-700 meters. However, there are also real mountains. The highest mountain here is Cloudnaya - 1855 meters. Mountain ranges stretch parallel to each other, and there are very few lowlands, they exist only along river valleys, near Lake Khanka and along the sea. 80% of the entire territory is hills. The mountainous country of Sikhote-Alin stretches for 1000 kilometers and a width of 250 kilometers. In the south, the mountain chains follow parallel to the Peter the Great Bay, breaking up into numerous spurs, one of which forms the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula. The shores of the peninsula are indented by numerous bays and are washed from the west by the waters of the Amur Bay, and from the east by the Ussuriysky Bay. Here, on the Muravyov-Amursky peninsula, in its southernmost part, is the city of Vladivostok, the capital of the Primorsky Territory.
Komarov's Lotus is a very beautiful elusive pearl of the Far East, listed in the Red Book. Lotus is a tropical East Asian plant that grows only in the Far East, a representative of the most ancient flowering plants, has scientific value as a relic of the Gondwana (primary continent) flora that existed over a hundred million years ago in the Mesozoic era. Our Komarov lotus, which survived the glacial invasions, is not afraid of the Amur frosts, adorns the reservoirs of the Khabarovsk Territory of the Bikinsky District (the lakes of the villages of Lermontovka and Lonchakovo). The great vitality of this relic is striking. Under unfavorable conditions, lotus seeds do not germinate, but they do not die, but pass into the stage of suspended animation. They managed to germinate seeds found in the Manchurian peat bog - their age is more than 1000 years. Lotus flowers are large, 25-30 cm in diameter, and rise high above the water on a straight peduncle. They have a faint but very pleasant aroma. Leaves, towering above the water, are located on erect petioles, are funnel-shaped and larger than floating ones - up to 50-70 cm in diameter.
The Amur tiger (also known as the Ussuriyskiy, Siberian or East Siberian tiger) is one of the smallest subspecies of the tiger, the northernmost tiger. Listed in the Red Book. The tiger's habitat is concentrated in a protected area in southeastern Russia, along the banks of the Amur and Ussuri rivers in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, in total in Russia in 1996 there were about 415-476 individuals. About 10% (40-50 individuals) of the Amur tiger population lives in China (Manchuria). Most of all, Ussuri tigers are widespread in the foothills of the Sikhote-Alin in the Lazovsky district of Primorsky Krai, where every sixth wild Amur tiger lives in a relatively small area (2003).
Ussuri taiga is a priceless creation of nature, equal in importance to Lake Baikal. Unique animal and vegetable world: lotus, ginseng, cork tree, the richest deposits of fossils. The main attraction is the Ussuri tiger, the largest representative of the cat family in the world, a rare subspecies that has survived only on the territory of Russia.
In the Russian Far East, which is characterized by a wide variety of forests, cedar-deciduous forests are of the greatest value, the main species of which is Korean cedar. These forests are a food base and habitat for various species of game animals and birds, they are distinguished by a unique set of medicinal plants, including lemongrass, ginseng, zamaniha, eleutherococcus, etc. Unfortunately, the area of \u200b\u200bcedar forests is very limited. Forests with the participation of cedar account for only about 3% of the forest area of \u200b\u200bthe Far East. Characterizing the area of \u200b\u200bthe Korean pine on the territory of Russia, it should be noted that along the coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan and the Tatar Strait, it stretches to the northeast, while along the eastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin in a strip 40 to 100 km wide, it reaches the area of \u200b\u200bSovetskaya Gavan
Primorsky Krai is one of the most forested regions Russian Federation... Primorskie forests are unique in their richness and diversity. About 400 species of trees, shrubs and lianas grow in the Primorsky Territory. In total, 2592 species of vascular plants from 800 genera and 168 families grow in Primorsky Krai. On the territory of Primorye, the highest level of species endemism and uniqueness of flora is noted among other regions of the Russian Far East. Endemics account for 3.4% of the total number of vascular plants. Almost 500 vascular plants of Primorsky Krai are not found in other regions of the RFE. 89 species of vascular plants of Primorsky Krai are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, 343 species are included in the Red Book of Primorsky Krai.
It is located in the interfluve of Kievka and Chernaya in the southern part of Sikhote-Alin (Zapovedny ridge). It includes the islands of Petrov and Beltsov in the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan. The relief is mountainous, the average height of the mountains is 500-700 m above sea level. m., individual peaks (Nageevskaya, Black) reach 1200-1400 m. The main rocks are shales, sandstones, granites, basalts, andesites and porphyrites. In the reserve there are about 1000 species of higher vascular plants, about 250 - bryophytes and about 150 species of lichens. Of these, pointed yew, seven-lobed kalopanax, Olginskaya larch, solid juniper, high lure, ginseng, Schreber brazia and endemic of the Far East - cross-pair microbiota are included in the "Red Book of Russia"
Lake on the border of the Primorsky Territory of Russia and the Heilongjiang Province of China. Khanka is the largest freshwater reservoir in the Far East. The area is 4070 km² (with an average water level), the length is 95 km, depths of 1-3 m prevail, the largest is 10.6 m. 16 rivers flow into the lake, in particular Ilistaya, Melgunovka, Komissarovka; the river Sungacha flows out, a tributary of the Ussuri (Amur basin). The village of Kamen-Rybolov is located on the lake. The international Russian - Chinese Khanka nature reserve is organized on the lake.
a predatory feline mammal, one of the leopard subspecies. The body length is 107-136 cm. The weight of females is up to 50 kg, males - up to 70 kg. Distributed in the mountain taiga forests of the Far East, in the border area of \u200b\u200bthree countries - Russia, China and North Korea. Currently, the Far Eastern leopard is on the verge of extinction. This is the rarest of the subspecies: no more than 30 - 35 individuals have survived in nature. The specimens kept in zoos and nurseries are closely related and their offspring is degenerating.In the 20th century, the species was included in the IUCN Red List, the Russian Red Book, and also in a number of other protective documents. Leopard hunting has been banned since 1956
A bay in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan. The city of Vladivostok is located on both banks. The bay is a convenient anchorage for ships. There are also commercial and fishing ports, ship repair enterprises. However, it divides the city into two, creating obstacles to transport links between them. Construction is in progress at the moment cable-stayed bridge across the bay. Completion of construction and commissioning is scheduled for 2011.
Length 897 km, basin area 193 000 km². The sources of the river are on the slopes of Mount Snezhnaya in the Sikhote-Alin mountains; for the most part it is a flat river (only in the middle course the spurs of mountains approach the valley, forming rocky steep banks); in many parts of the Ussuri River there are convolutions and branches, in the channel there are groups of islands. It flows opposite the village of Kazakevichevo of the Khabarovsk region into the shallow and low-water channel of Kazakevichev (the Amur channel). After that, the new reservoir begins to be called the Amur channel (the Amur channel). The Amur channel flows into the Amur opposite the Amur cliff (center of Khabarovsk). The Sungacha River connects Ussuri with Lake Khanka (height 69 m). Largest island - Kutuzov.
http://trvlworld.net http://images.yandex.ru http://www.primkray.ru http://reka-amur.narod.ru http://ru.wikipedia.org http: // www .ecosystema.ru
My city is surrounded by the sea And the green of the river valleys. It is decorated with lace of hills Under the sky is clear - blue. My city knows the value of the sea- It is accustomed to violent storms. And as if an artist on stage, Changes his proud temper. He is gloomy, angry, anxious, When a cyclone hurries to him, Then he smiles at passers-by, Suddenly he is scorched by the bright sun. My city stands by the surf, Throwing out its streets. And the waves wash the piers with salt, Meeting ships from the sea. They, hardened by the unsteady sea, Flying joyfully home, Greets them with a sunny smile, my beloved Vladivostok. ***
Primorsky Krai is located in the very south of the Russian Far East,
stretching from north to south along the shores of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan. In the west it borders
with China, in the very south - with Korea, in the north - with the Khabarovsk Territory. Its area
is 165 thousand square kilometers, this approximately corresponds
the size of the average region of Russia. However, by European standards, the region is huge,
countries such as Belgium, Holland, Denmark and
Switzerland combined. The southeastern part of the region is washed by the waters of the Petra Bay
Great, dissected off the coast by many bays and bays.
Briefly about the region as a whole, we can say that it is a large industrial
region of the Far East, the economy of which specializes in fish
industry, mining and processing of non-ferrous metal ores, timber and
woodworking industry. Agriculturally
he is known as a producer of soybeans, rice, wheat, oats as well as orchards and
vineyards.
the territory is occupied by the Sikhote-Alin mountains. These are mainly ridges with rounded
domed peaks and gentle slopes, the average height of which
600-700 meters. However, there are also real mountains. Highest mountain here
Cloudy - 1855 meters. Mountain ranges run parallel to each other
friend, and there are very few lowlands, they are only along the river valleys, by the lake
Khanka and along the sea. 80% of the entire territory is hills. The mountainous country of Sikhote Alin stretches for 1000 kilometers with a width of 250 kilometers.
In the south, the mountain ranges run parallel to the Peter the Great Gulf,
splitting into numerous spurs, one of which forms a peninsula
Muravyov-Amursky. The shores of the peninsula are indented by numerous
bays and are washed from the west by the waters of the Amur Bay, and from the east -
Ussuri Bay. Here on the Muravyov-Amursky peninsula in the very
its southern part is the city of Vladivostok - the capital of Primorsky
the edges. Komarov's Lotus is a very beautiful elusive pearl of the Far East,
listed in the Red Book. Lotus is a tropical East Asian plant,
growing only in the Far East, a representative of the oldest flowering plants,
has scientific value as a relic of the Gondwana (primary) flora,
which existed more than one hundred million years ago in the Mesozoic era. Our Komarov lotus,
survivor of glacial invasions, not afraid of the Amur frost decorates water bodies
Khabarovsk Territory, Bikinsky District (lakes of the villages of Lermontovka and Lonchakovo).
The great vitality of this relic is striking. Under unfavorable conditions, seeds
lotuses do not germinate, but they do not die either, but pass into the stage of suspended animation. Managed
germinate seeds found in the Manchurian peat bog - their age exceeds
1000 years.
Lotus flowers are large, 25-30 cm in diameter, and rise high above the water for
straight peduncle. They have a faint but very pleasant aroma.
Leaves, towering above the water, are located on erect petioles, have
funnel-shaped and larger than floating ones - up to 50-70 cm in diameter. Amur tiger (also known as Ussuri, Siberian or
East Siberian tiger) - one of the smallest subspecies
tiger, the most northern tiger. Listed in the Red Book. Habitat
tiger is concentrated in a protected area in the south-east of Russia,
the banks of the Amur and Ussuri rivers in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, in total
Russia in 1996, there were about 415-476 individuals. About 10%
(40-50 individuals) of the Amur tiger population lives in China (Manchuria).
Most of all, Ussuri tigers are widespread in the foothills of the Sikhote-Alin in the Lazovsky district of Primorsky Krai, where relatively
Every sixth wild Amur tiger lives in a small area
(2003).Ussuri taiga - Priceless creation of nature, equal in
importance of Lake Baikal. Unique animal and plant
peace:
lotus, ginseng, cork tree, the richest deposits
fossils. The main attraction is the Ussuriysk
tiger, the largest feline in
world, a rare subspecies, preserved only on the territory
Russia. In the Russian Far East, characterized by large
a variety of forests, the most valuable are cedar-broad-leaved forests, the main species of which is Korean cedar.
These forests are a food source and habitat for various species.
game animals and birds are distinguished by a unique set
medicinal plants, including lemongrass, ginseng, lure,
eleutherococcus, etc. Unfortunately, the area of \u200b\u200bcedar forests is very limited.
Forests with the participation of cedar make up only about 3% of the forest area of \u200b\u200bthe Far
East.
Characterizing the area of \u200b\u200bthe Korean cedar in Russia, one should
note that along the coast of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan and the Tatar Strait, it
stretches to the northeast, along the eastern slopes of the Sikhote-Alin
in a strip 40 to 100 km wide, it reaches the area of \u200b\u200bSovetskaya Gavan Primorsky Krai is one of the most forested regions of the Russian
Federation. In their richness and diversity, Primorsky forests
are unique. In the Primorsky Territory, there are about 400 species of trees,
shrubs and lianas. A total of 2,592 species grow in the Primorsky Territory
vascular plants from 800 genera and 168 families. On the territory of Primorye
the highest level of species endemism and uniqueness of flora was noted
among other regions of the RFE. Endemics make up 3.4% of the total
vascular plants. Almost 500 vascular plants of Primorsky Krai are not
are found in other regions of the Russian Far East. 89 species are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation
vascular plants of Primorsky Krai, 343 species in the Red Book of Primorsky Krai. It is located in the interfluve of Kievka and Chernaya in the southern part of Sikhote-Alin (ridge.
Reserved). It includes the islands of Petrov and Beltsov in the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan.
The relief is mountainous, the average height of the mountains is 500-700 m above sea level. m., individual peaks
(Nageevskaya, Black) reach 1200-1400 m.
The main rocks are shales, sandstones, granites, basalts, andesites and
porphyrites. In the reserve, about 1000 species of higher vascular
plants, about 250 - bryophytes and about 150 species of lichens. Of them
the "Red Book of Russia" includes the pointed yew, kalopanax
seven-lobed, olginsky larch, solid juniper, zamaniha
high, ginseng, Schreber brazen and endemic to the Far East -
microbiota is cross-pair. Lake on the border of the Primorsky Territory of Russia and the Heilongjiang Province of China.
Khanka is the largest freshwater reservoir in the Far East.
Area 4070 km² (at average water level), length 95 km, dominated by
depths 1-3 m, the greatest - 10.6 m.
16 rivers flow into the lake, in particular Ilistaya, Melgunovka, Komissarovka;
the river Sungacha flows out, a tributary of the Ussuri (Amur basin).
The village of Kamen-Rybolov is located on the lake.
The international Russian-Chinese Khankaiskiy is organized on the lake
reserve. a predatory feline mammal, one of the leopard subspecies.
The body length is 107-136 cm. The weight of females is up to 50 kg, males - up to 70 kg.
Distributed in the area of \u200b\u200bmountain taiga forests of the Far East, in the region
borders of three countries - Russia, China and North Korea.
Currently, the Far Eastern leopard is on the verge of extinction.
This is the rarest of the subspecies: no more than 30 - 35 have survived in nature.
individuals. The specimens kept in zoos and nurseries are in
close relationship and their offspring degenerates
In the XX century, the species is included in the IUCN Red Book, in the Red Book of Russia, as well as
in a number of other security documents. Leopard hunting has been banned since 1956 A bay in the Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan. On both banks
the city of Vladivostok is located. The bay is a convenient parking spot
ships. There are also commercial and fishing ports, ship repair
enterprises. However, she divides the city in two, creating obstacles
transport links between them. At the moment there is
construction of a cable-stayed bridge across the bay. Completion of construction and commissioning
operation is scheduled for 2011. Length 897 km, basin area 193,000 km². The sources of the river are
on the slopes of Mount Snezhnaya in the Sikhote-Alin mountains; for the most part
flat river (only in the middle course the spurs approach the valley
mountains forming rocky steep shores); in many areas
the Ussuri rivers - meanders and branches, in the channel - groups of islands.
It flows in opposite the village of Kazakevichevo of the Khabarovsk region into
shallow and shallow channel of Kazakevichev (channel of the Amur).
After that, the new reservoir begins to be called the Amur channel.
(the Amur channel). The Amur channel flows into the Amur opposite
Amur cliff (center of Khabarovsk).
The Sungacha River connects Ussuri with Lake Khanka (height 69 m).
The largest island is Kutuzov. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
http://trvlworld.net
http://images.yandex.ru
http://www.primkray.ru
http://reka-amur.narod.ru
http://ru.wikipedia.org
http://www.ecosystema.ru My city is surrounded by the sea
And the green of the river valleys.
It is decorated with lace of hills
Under the sky is clear - blue.
My city knows the value of the sea, to violent storms
And as if an artist on stage
Proud disposition often changes.
He is gloomy, angry, anxious,
When a cyclone hurries to it,
It smiles at passersby
Suddenly scorched by the sun.
My city stands by the surf
Stretching out their streets.
And the waves wash the piers with salt,
Meeting ships from the sea.
Them, hardened by the unstable sea,
Flying joyfully home
Greets with a sunny smile
Vladivostok is my beloved.
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Travel to the cities of P rimorya Repko Tatyana Anatolyevna Primary school teacher MOBU Secondary School No. 2 Luchegorsk town. Primorsky Krai. 1938-2013 75 years
Primorye is on the edge of Russia, You meet the dawn first, Say goodbye to the sunset first, There is no sweeter edge in your heart. (To Storozhenko)
Dalnerechensk is the most northern city in the Primorsky Territory. It spreads out in scenic location the valleys of the Ussuri, Bolshaya Ussurka and Malinovka rivers, which are connected within the city limits. On clear sunny days, from almost anywhere in the city, you can see the outlines of mountains and mountain ranges - these are the spurs of the Sikhote-Alin. The famous Ussuri taiga begins there. Not far from the city, on the very bank of the Bolshaya Ussurka River, the bizarre forms of the Salskaya volcano rise - extinct volcano... The proximity of the taiga; rich and varied nature, fauna and flora, many rivers and lakes (on which lotus grows from the bottom), neighborhood mineral springs "Swallow", "Shmakovka", as well as medicinal mineral springs ("Kislyi Klyuch", "Mineralny Klyuch"), an abundance of sunny days in combination with a calm, measured life of the city, make Dalnerechensk wonderful place for recreation and tourism. Founded 1859
Children's park Monument to the Damansky events Railway station Administration building Along the city streets.
Lesozavodsk The history of the city begins with the formation in 1894 by settlers from the Kiev, Chernigov and Poltava provinces of the villages on the banks of the Ussuri River. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the first sawmill appeared on the left bank of the Ussuri, next to the Trans-Siberian railway. In 1924, a sawmill was founded on the right bank of the river, which later grew into the "Ussuriisky woodworking plant" - the largest in the Far East of the country. The first settlement was called Dalles, in 1932 the settlement was united with the village of Novostroyka, receiving the modern name Lesozavodsk. In 1938, the settlement received the status of a city as a result of the merger of the villages: Donskoye, Lutkovka, Medveditskoye and the Ruzhino station. In 1972, a large plant for the production of fodder yeast was established, in 1974 - a sewing factory "Ussuri", in 1987 - a furniture factory. Founded in 1894
Through the city streets
OUR TOWN There are no big squares in this small town. Many different And wonderful people live in it. There is bad, good, As always with everyone. There are tears and joys, There are sorrows and laughter. There is a glorious story, Where no one is forgotten. There are pressing problems, Where is all the prose and everyday life. And on the map of Russia, Where there are so many roads, Spassk, even Near, though Far, But he is our town. Founded in 1929 Spassk-Dalny
The settlement on the site of the city was founded by settlers from Ukraine in 1886 as the village of Spasskoye. Nearby was built in 1906 railroad station Evgenievka and a working village with her. Nearby, the Spasskaya Sloboda was formed, in which merchants and craftsmen lived. In 1917, the territory of the Evgenievka station, a working settlement and Spasskaya Sloboda formed a city that was named Spassk-Primorsky. In 1929 the city was renamed into Spassk-Dalny. The village of Spasskoye was not included in the city, it is located at a very short distance (about two kilometers) from historic center and the train station. The village of Spasskoye is a satellite of the city of Spassk-Dalny, in the village there is the Spassky Pedagogical College, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Church, a number of industrial and cultural institutions of the city.
Through the city streets
Ussuriisk was founded in 1866 as the village of Nikolskoye (in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker) by 13 families who arrived at the settlement from the Astrakhan and Voronezh provinces. In 1898 the village of Nikolskoye received the status of a city and the name Nikolsk-Ussuriysky. The city included the village of Nikolskoye, the railway settlement of the Ketritsevo station and the settlement of Suifunsky. Later, the number of residents of the newly formed settlement was replenished by immigrants from Ukraine, who massively moved to the south of the Far Eastern region of the Russian Empire Year of foundation 1866
On February 20, 1935, the city was renamed Voroshilov in honor of the Soviet military leader K. E. Voroshilov. On November 29, 1957, the name of the city was changed again, since that time it is called Ussuriysk. Old city
U LITS OF THE MODERN CITY
The city of Arsenyev (v. Semenovka) was founded in 1902, uniting three small settlements: settlements of the village of Petropavlovka, the Khalaza farm and the village of Semyonovo (named after the first settler Semyon Guryev). During the revolution and subsequent intervention, the village was not too large to take part in the events, but was located on one of the important paths of partisan resistance. In 1938, the sequential construction of two military factories, an aviation and a shell, began, with an increase in population, multi-storey buildings began and the village was transformed into a working village of Semenovka. Both the village and, since 1952, the city of Arseniev, named after the famous Russian scientist, traveler, writer and explorer of the Far East Vladimir Klavdievich Arseniev, had a closed status for a long time due to the strategic importance of the factories. In the late 80s - early 90s, the Progress plant began mastering the production of Ka-50 Black Shark combat helicopters, and later the Ka-52 Alligator, the Askold plant switched to the production of household appliances. Simultaneously, with the "opening" of the city, the development of the sports industry began. In 2002, the city of Arseniev celebrated its 50th anniversary and the 100th anniversary of the settlement.
Helicopter Black Shark the city of the country Produced at the Progress plant in Arseniev
The village of Nakhodka was located on the site of the current Portovaya street and Central square, in total, there were about 50 private houses. People in the village were engaged in subsidiary farming and fishing. The port station was a pier 125 meters long, built in 1935, warehouses and access railway lines on May 18, 1950, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the workers' settlement of Nakhodka was given the status of a city. May 23, 1950 The Executive Committee The Nakhodka Workers' Council adopted Resolution No. 155 on the approval of the first streets
On June 17, 1859, the corvette steamer "America", on board which was the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia Muravyov-Amursky, followed to the Russian coast. The land appeared. Having rounded the rocky promontory, the ship entered the waters of an unknown bay. There was a thick fog, making it difficult to see, drizzling rain. The ship slowly sailed deep into the bay, keeping at a distance of two miles from the coast, not far from a high mountain (Sestra hill) anchored. At 6 o'clock in the morning we weighed anchor and went to inspect the coast, noticing a depression, they opened the bay. By order of his Excellency (Count Muravyov-Amursky) the bay was named Nakhodka. In 1861, having entered the Nakhodka bay on the shooter clipper, Alexey Peshchurov noted: “The time will come, God willing, even in our lifetime, when the present silence will be replaced by thousands of sounds, which will merge into the continuous dull noise of the commercial port. " The first settlements of the city of Nakhodka
Through the city streets
City of the Golden Horn, Hello captain city! The Pacific Ocean walks near your doorstep. In 1859, the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov-Amursky, bypassing the shores of the Peter the Great Bay on a ship, paid special attention to the well-sheltered bay. It resembled the Golden Horn Bay in Constantinople, and the Governor-General proposed to call it the same, and on the shores of the bay he ordered the establishment of a military post, which he also named Vladivostok. Another variant. The bay stretches from west to east. If you look at the bay at sunrise or sunset, you can clearly see the reflection of the sun in the form of a horn in the bay. Golden horn [.
Vladivostok On June 20 (July 2, new style), 1860, the military transport "Manchzhur" under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Alexei Karlovich Shefner founded a military post, which has now officially received the name Vladivostok. The following entry was made in the Manchurian logbook about this event: "On this date, one chief officer, 2 non-commissioned officers and 37 privates of the 4th line battalion were sent to take up a post." Soldiers and sailors under the command of Warrant Officer Komarov began building the post. This day is officially considered the founding day of the city. Founded 1860
In May 1891, Tsarevich Nicholas, the future Emperor Nicholas II, visited Vladivostok. He was returning from a trip to the countries of the East, and Vladivostok became the first Russian city upon his return. During his visit, the prince laid the foundation for a railway with a stone station, a dry dock for ship repairs and a monument to Admiral Nevelskoy. In 1893, railway traffic was opened between Vladivostok and Nikolsk (Ussuriysk), in 1897 it was built railway Khabarovsk - Vladivostok, and in 1903 a direct rail link with Moscow along the Trans-Siberian Railway. Train Station 1924g
The city is actively being built up and in 1891 it was visited by Tsarevich Nikolai (the future last emperor of Russia), for whose arrival the Arc de Triomphe is being built (now it is a popular landmark
Photo 1920-1922
Modern city
T R I U M F L N A Z A R K a
GOLDEN BRIDGE THROUGH THE BAY Golden Horn
Ancestors lived here, We live here And our children will live here. There are mountains
forest ... you are the most best edge in the world!
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki http://www.zapoved.net/index. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Russia_edcp_location_map.svg?uselang\u003dru http://travelenc.ru/node/823 http://protown.ru/russia/city/articles/articles_803.html http : //www.zolotou.com/foto-ussuriisk/fotografii-ussurijska u.wikipedia.org/ wiki / Arsenyev _ (city) http://www.dv-reclama.ru/b/progressaviation/6255/vizitnaya_kartochka_zavoda_quot_progress_sevot_gevod : //ru.wikipedia.org/wiki http://photovladivostok.ru/gallery/cities/nahodka http://www.etoretro.ru/city42.htm http://gorod-vladivostok.ru/istoriya.html
Slide 2
Slide 3
Toponymy
- toponymy (from the Greek topos - place and onyma - name, title)
- a section of onomastics studying proper nouns representing names geographic sites
- a set of geographical names for a territory
- branch of linguistics studying toponyms
Slide 4
Toponymy classes
Among the toponyms, various classes stand out, such as:
- oikonyms - names populated areas (from the Greek oikos - dwelling, dwelling place);
- hydronyms - the names of rivers (from the Greek hidros - water);
- oronyms - the names of mountains (from the Greek oros - mountain);
- urbanonyms - the names of intra-city objects (from Latin urbanus - urban);
- godonyms - street names (from the Greek. hodos - path, road, street, channel);
- agoronyms - names of areas (from the Greek agora - area);
- drononyms - names of means of communication (from the Greek. dromos - running. movement, way);
- macrotoponyms - names of large unpopulated objects (from the Greek makros - large);
- microtoponyms - the names of small unpopulated objects (from the Greek mikros - small);
- anthroponyms - the names of geographical objects produced from a personal name (from the Greek. antropos - person).
Slide 5
Place names
- regions reflecting the specifics of the location and landscape
- reflecting the features of the regional economy
- names on the map, cities and regions
- toponyms of indigenous peoples of Primorsky Krai
- place names introduced by immigrants
- place names - evidence of historical events
- orthodoxy on the map of the region
Slide 6
Place names reflecting the specifics of the location and landscape of the region
- Primorsky Territory, Primorye - a region located by the sea, next to the sea
- Vladivostok - from the phrase "own the East"
- naberezhnaya street - a street that runs along the seashore
Slide 7
Primorsky Krai - the land of hills, hills, high mountains
- dalnegorsk
- vysokogorsk
- gorny settlement
- gornoye village
Slide 8
Taiga
Slide 9
Place names reflecting the features of the region's economy
Nature has generously endowed the Primorsky Territory with minerals and natural resources, the use of which determines not only the economy of the region, but also, as a consequence, its toponymy.
- lesozavodsk
- p.Novoshakhtinsky
- rudny settlement
- n.Rudnaya pier
- rudnaya bay
- the village of Seaman-Rybolov
- p.Krustalny
Slide 10
Place names - evidence of historical events in the region
- Revolution Fighters Square (Square of Fighters for Soviet Power)
- Partizanskiy district, Partizansk, Partizanskiy prospect (in Vladivostok)
Slide 11
The intersection of the two oldest streets in Vladivostok: Svetlanskaya and Aleutskaya streets are named after the frigate "Svetlana", on which Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich Romanov arrived in the city and the schooner "Aleut", who took an active part in the research south coast Of the Far East
Slide 12
Names on the map of the city and region
Slide 13
The names of the discoverers and explorers of the region
- The peninsula itself, on which the city and one of its streets are located, is named after the first governor-general of Eastern Siberia N.N. Muraviev-Amursky, who discovered the Golden Horn Bay and founded the military post Vladivostok on its shores.
- One of the capes on the peninsula is called Cape Churkin in honor of Pavel Vasilyevich Churkin, who participated in the survey of the bays of Diomedes, Patroclus and Ulysses, astronomical determination of the post and the compilation of the first map of Vladivostok.
- The city of Arseniev, the river near the city - Arsenievka and the Arseniev Museum in Vladivostok bears the name of a remarkable person, a researcher who made more than 20 expeditions and wrote over 80 books and articles.
Slide 14
The names of the first residents of the city and settlers
One of the oldest streets in Vladivostok - Semyonovskaya - is named in honor of the first civilian and the first public head of Vladivostok, an honorary citizen of the city, merchant of the 1st guild Yakov Lazarevich Semyonov.
Slide 15
The names of famous people on the map of the city and region
- The settlement of Yekaterinovka, Primorsky Territory, named after the Great Empress Catherine
- Leninskaya Street is or has been in almost every settlement
- peter the Great Bay
- peter the Great street
Slide 16
The streets of many cities of Primorsky Krai bear the names of these famous writers.
- A.S. Pushkin
- M.Yu.Lermontov
- N.V. Gogol
- N.A. Nekrasov
- Leo Tolstoy
- A. Fadeev
Slide 17
Heroes of the Revolution, Civil and Patriotic Wars
- Jerome Uborevich
- The locomotive in which S. Lazo was burned
- Sukhanov Street (Vladivostok, Arseniev)
- Uborevicha street (Vladivostok)
- lazo village
- lazo street (Vladivostok)
- Lazovsky district
- Memorial plaque to K. Sukhanov
Slide 18
The role of immigrants in the creation of place names in the Primorsky Territory
Modern seaside villages serve as monuments to the persistence and courage of our ancestors - discoverers and defenders
- v. Kievka
- village Knevichi
- v. Surazhevka
- village Chernigovka
- with. Horol
- village Poltavka
- with. Danube (Shkotovsky district)
- with. Khreshchatyk (Kavalerovsky district)
- with. Permskoe (Olginsky district)
- Chernihiv district of Primorsky Krai
Slide 19
Place names of the indigenous peoples of Primorsky Krai
Since ancient times, Primorye and Amur region were inhabited by Tungus-speaking peoples.
So far on the edge map and in conversation local residents you can find place names that are clearly not of Slavic origin:
- mount Falaza
- Sikhote-Alin
- suchan city and river
- telyanza river
- ulitikha (Snake)
- Lyanchikha
- suifun river
- amgu village
- river Armu
Slide 20
- In the opinion of FV Solovyov, Sedan, translated from Chinese, means "an island in the sea bay, which gave the name to the Sedanka microdistrict, because in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Amur Bay opposite this place is the famous Kovrizhka, or Skrebtsov Island
- The name of Shamora Bay, a favorite vacation spot for Primorye residents, and the magical Pidan Mountain also have a Tungus-speaking origin
Slide 21
Orthodoxy on the map of the region
- Geographic and administrative card Primorsky Krai, in many names of geographical points, stores and reproduces the history of Orthodoxy
- The villages of Olga and Valentin, as well as Olga Bay and Valentin's Bay in the Olginsky District are named after the Martyr Bishop Valentine and the Grand Duchess of Kiev Olga.
Slide 22
- St. Eustathius
- St. Habakkuk
- St. Vladimir
- Estafia bay
- the village of Panteleimonovka
- voznesenka village
- Gulf of Vladimir
- Avvakumovka river
- village Novopokrovka
- the village of Pokrovka
- spring Pokrovsky
- spassk-Dalny city
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