Cuba is a unique country. No matter how sophisticated the tourist is, this island will always remain a dream. The amazing history of this country, its location, fauna, culture - everything here captures, everything excites.
People come here with children; adventure lovers are looking for extreme here; here they stop in pairs and one by one in order to retire, to live far from civilization, in harmony with nature.
But, of course, Cuba is most attracted to modern youth. Free, noisy, funny, it is simply created for those who cannot imagine their life without stormy parties, dancing, and all kinds of entertainment.
Moreover, the myth that living costs in Cuba are higher than in other countries is slowly dissipating. The Caribbean... Having dinner in an inexpensive restaurant and renting a not the most expensive room, you can easily keep within 50 $ per day. But you will have enough impressions for a lifetime.
Capital |
Havana |
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Population |
11.5 million people |
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110 860 thousand sq. M |
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Population density |
102 inhabitants per 1 km² |
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spanish |
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Religion |
catholicism |
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Form of government |
parliamentary socialist republic |
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cuban Peso (CUP) |
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Timezone |
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International dialing code |
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Domain zone on the Internet |
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Electricity |
110 / 220V / 60Hz, socket type: A, B, C |
Climate and weather
The tropical, trade wind climate of the island of Cuba provides a fairly high temperature throughout the year. The average annual temperature here is about +25.5 ° C... Coldest month - January (+22, 5 ° C), the hottest - august (27.8 ° C)... The water near the coast remains warm almost all year round: from +22 ° C - in winter and from +28 ° C - in summer... The average annual rainfall is also quite high - about 1500 mm. Mostly these are showers. However, very dry years are not so rare in Cuba.
In general, the climatic seasons on the island are quite clearly expressed: May-September is the rainy season, October-April is dry. The autumn-summer period is characterized by heavy rainfall, often with strong winds.
Humidity is very high all year round.
Nature
Cuba is rich in man-made sights, which millions of people from all over the world dream to touch. However, natural ensembles, striking in their beauty, are no less valuable: paradise beaches tens of kilometers away, fabulous uninhabited islands with palm groves and mangroves, karst caves and low picturesque mountains.
The relief of Cuba is flat, but the bizarre forms of the highest mountain range Sierra Maestrastretching along southeast coast for hundreds of kilometers, impress even experienced travelers.
Cuba has the richest flora and fauna. Some plant species are not found anywhere else in the world. And the variety of exotic species of butterflies and birds is simply amazing!
sights
Of the cities and regions that you need to visit when traveling in Cuba, you can name:
- Havana;
- Santiago de Cuba;
- Holguin.
There are about 1000 buildings of architectural value in the capital alone! The most famous are the Cathedral Square and cathedral of St. Christopher (XVII century), the building of the former governor's palaceCubes, fortresses La Cabana and La Fuersa (XVI century). It is very popular among tourists cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, and Ernest Hemingway House Museum... Of course, Cuba's nightlife is also concentrated here in the capital.
Getting into Santiago de Cuba - the second largest city in Cuba - tourists usually go to the picturesque city cespedes Park... This is perhaps one of the main attractions of the city. Moreover, Santiago de Cuba, formerly the capital, can be considered the center cultural life islands: numerous museums, theaters, cathedrals attract here those who want not only to enjoy the beauty of Cuba, but also to learn more about its history.
The most popular resort on the island is Varadero (province of Matanzas)... Local beaches are among the top three in the world, and their surroundings are ideal places for leisure tourists with a wide variety of tastes and hobbies. There is also a dolphinarium - an essential attribute of any resort - where anyone can not only admire the local inhabitants, but also swim with them.
The second most important resort region - Holguin... It is here that the most beautiful in Cuba is located playa Esmeralda beach... The region's riches also include six waterfalls and a rich fauna. In addition, Holguin is often called the city of squares. Walking here is not only pleasant, but also interesting: the city is very diverse in terms of architecture.
Food
Cubans have a wide variety of food tastes. The traditions of Spain, Africa are mixed in the cuisine of this country, Caribbean islands... Here they respect meat and do not do without vegetables and fruits. A separate culinary topic - bananas... Cubans have dozens of cooking options and hundreds of banana-based dishes. They are fried and baked, and used as an ingredient in sauce, and played as a dessert.
By the way, desserts in Cuba are sweet. Popular here mousses, puddings, ice cream... Tropical fruits and sugar cane make many delicious syrups.
A special honor for local residents enjoys coffee. It is drunk very strong and sweet all day long. Among alcoholic drinks, the favorite among the Cubans is rum... It is customary to serve table wine for lunch and dinner.
The best food in Cuba is in restaurants located in private houses. They're called paladares... Lunch in such a restaurant will cost you about 7 $ , which is two times less than in a state restaurant. You can also grab a snack in the city by purchasing a pizza or sandwich from street vendors.
In Cuba restaurants, it is customary to tip on the basis of 10% of the order value. It is better to give money to the waiter personally.
Accommodation
Most of the hotels located in the resorts of Cuba have a five-star status. The beaches adjacent to these hotels are usually very well equipped with everything you need to relax. Meals are usually organized on a buffet basis, less often on a menu. The cost of an all-inclusive room in such a hotel will be close to 100 $ ... For comparison: the same room in a state-owned middle-class hotel will cost about 35 $ , and in private - in 15-25 $ .
Almost all hotels in Cuba have a car rental department.
Entertainment and recreation
Of course, when it comes to entertainment in Cuba, first of all I want to talk about the island's nightlife. By the number of clubs, bars, discos, it is Freedom Island that takes first place in The Caribbean... Music and dance lovers come here just to experience this environment. Particularly rich nightlife in the capital. Havana is ready to meet any request. Cabarets, jazz clubs, Latin American shows - the nightlife of the Cuban capital is diverse in rhythm. By the way, anyone can learn Afro-Cuban dancing: dance lessons are organized right at the hotels.
Clubs and restaurants are not the only way for Cubans and visitors to the island. Diving, fishing and hunting are extremely popular here. There is something to do here for lovers of speleology: huge karst caves captivate both professionals and simply curious tourists.
Cuba hosts many celebrations and festivals throughout the year. The Festival of Fire and Carnival in Santiago de Cuba (held in summer) are especially spectacular. The island hosts the Cuban Music Festival in August.
Purchases
Food in Cuba is best bought in supermarkets or shops. In the shops INTUR tiendas you can buy clothes, food, medicines, souvenirs for currency. By the way, about souvenirs. You will probably want to buy one or two bottles. cuban rum and cigars. Rum can also be selected in the store (a bottle costs from 5 $ ), but to buy good cigars, it is better to contact Real Fabrica de Tabaco Partagas... There is a shop on the first floor of the factory that sells all types of cigars.
Surely in the first days of your stay in Cuba you will want to buy a T-shirt with the symbol of all revolutions - Che Guevara... Although it will be better if you follow the example of the locals and buy shirt-guaberu, in which you can easily endure any heat.
Excellent souvenirs for friends and family can be not only rum and cigars, but also other exclusively “ cuban»Accessories: straw hats, wicker shoes, hammock. To prolong the festive mood (there is no other in Cuba!), Audio CDs with the recording of temperamental local music bought in Havana will help.
When going shopping, do not forget that Cubans sacredly honor traditions: a four-hour rest in the afternoon is a must. However, it is not only about traditions: the scorching sun simply does not allow full-fledged work.
And one more important note. Icon $ on the price tag means nothing more than the word " price". But the real value of the goods is most often indicated in pesos.
When buying crocodile leather products, ask the seller for an export license, otherwise the souvenir may be seized at customs.
Transport
The main airport in Cuba is international Airport name Jose Martylocated 18 km from Havana... As for municipal transport, alas, its state is deplorable. There are very few city buses, and they often break down. There is no schedule as such. If you are planning to move around the city, rent a bike: this type of transport is common here.
Communication between cities is also poorly established. Buses and route taxis almost always packed and walked badly. Tickets must be bought in advance.
In general, a tourist in Cuba cannot do without a car. And with this, fortunately, there are no special problems. All that is required to rent a car is a driver's license and at least a year of driving experience. True, this service is quite expensive - 60 $ per day. But believe me, there is simply no better way to see Cuba.
As for the quality of roads, then, as you may have guessed, there are problems. Traffic rules are standard, but there are practically no signs and markings. Service stations are also, in general, a rarity. Therefore, when renting a car, do not be lazy to check if everything is in order with the car. This includes checking if the tank is full.
The only plus is that "tourist" cars (they have a special color of the number) enjoy privileges, and the police simply do not pay attention to minor violations.
Communication
Today Cuba is served by the only telecom operator - the company ETECSA... The current standard is GSM 900, in some areas - GSM 850. You can buy a phone card at any hotel or store.
Calling from a pay phone abroad is cheaper than from a hotel room (approx. 5 $ for a minute of conversation with Moscow). And not every hotel has a telephone with international communication.
Today there are 2 Internet providers operating on the island.
Security
As for the safety of staying on the island, various kinds of threats can await you everywhere, despite the fact that Cuba is a fairly safe country. First tip: don't walk around Old Havana after 10pm. If only because at this time the lights are turned off in the city. It is better to store documents in the room, in a special safe (if available, of course).
Smoking in public places is strictly prohibited. It is not recommended to give alms to the poor: this is punishable by law.
Beware of the Cuban sun: you can get burns even in cloudy weather. Use protective equipment and be sure to cover your head. Be careful when swimming: in the sea, you can easily get hurt by a sea urchin or sharp coral. Jellyfish can be extremely dangerous.
Business climate
The country's two main sources of income are sugar production and tourism. It is the tourism industry that is developing at a rapid pace, attracting more and more foreign investors. In addition, Cuba is a world leader in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals.
At the moment, Cuba is in the center of attention of the world business community. Liberty Island amazes with its perspectives, but at the same time is one of the most closed countries in the world. A huge plus is the absence of taxes for foreign entrepreneurs. Among the disadvantages are poor infrastructure and the possibility of starting a business exclusively in partnership with a state-owned enterprise. It is not yet possible to register your company in Cuba.
The property
One of the most pressing problems in Cuba is housing. Most of housing stock has long been in need of reconstruction and overhaul. As for buying a home on the island, such an operation is, in general, impossible for an ordinary foreigner. Even with millions of dollars in your pocket, you cannot buy a home here. Of course, there is an unofficial real estate market, but, of course, such a purchase has no guarantees. Although the prices are quite reasonable: an apartment in an old panel building can cost from 15 000 $ ... And in the provinces - several times less.
- Cubans are generally very cheerful, talkative, sociable and hospitable. But they are very proud. They will, of course, try to speak to you in English, but if you say at least a few phrases in bad Spanish, the Cuban will definitely love you.
- You should also know some of the traditions of the Cubans if you plan to visit Liberty Island. In order not to offend the good-natured Cuban, you should never refuse an offer for a drink or dinner. It is advisable to accompany requests with special appeals: "Mi amor", "mi corazon" - when talking with a woman, "Amigo", "viejo" - when talking with a man.
- Take pictures of industrial buildings and military equipment in Cuba it is prohibited, but Cubans themselves, as a rule, willingly pose for the lens. Of course, before you can capture the colorful appearance of the inhabitant of the island, you need to ask permission.
Visa information
Tourists from Russia do not need a visa to Cuba if the period of their visit to the country does not exceed 30 days. In order to cross the state border, you need to present a passport valid for the duration of your stay in Cuba, 2 copies of a migration card (one of which must be kept before departure from the country), as well as return tickets. Must have cash at the rate of $ 50 per day for 1 person. This does not apply to tourists using the services of travel agencies.
However, you can take care of a visa in advance by contacting the consular section of the Embassy of the Republic of Cuba in Moscow. Among the documents submitted to the visa department must be a passport (its validity should not expire earlier than 6 months from the date of arrival in the country), copies of round-trip tickets, confirmation of hotel reservation (travel agency voucher or invitation of a specific person), as well as a photo size 3x4 cm. The consular fee will be $ 30 and the visa will be valid for one month.
For more specific information on obtaining a visa to the Republic of Cuba, please contact: 119017, Moscow, st. Bolshaya Ordynka, 66.
Free economic zones were created. In 1997, there were already three FEZs in the country (Mariel, Wahai and the city of Havana).
Cuba exports, bringing income to the budget of its country, tobacco, seafood, sugar, nickel, medical goods, coffee, citrus fruits.
China, Canada, Spain and the Netherlands became Cuba's export partners. China has invested 500 million dollars in the Cuban nickel industry, Brazil - the same amount in the development of Cuban hydrocarbon deposits, in the construction of a plant for the production of technical oils. A large nickel ore mining plant has been built in the Holguin province.
The country imports today food, oil products, industrial equipment, and chemical products. Its import business partners are Venezuela, China, Spain. Particularly tight and productive ties in terms of the Petrocaribe oil program with Venezuela. The trade turnover between the states annually reaches about $ 10 billion.
Since 1962, the country has introduced a rationing system for the distribution of products. The "black market" is flourishing, as rationed products are not regularly issued here.
Cuba has a developed system of free public services: medical care, higher, secondary education.
Since October 2010, the list of types of entrepreneurial activities permitted by the government has increased in the country. In 2016, private small and medium-sized businesses were legalized.
Cuban branches of government
Cuba is a parliamentary socialist republic. Most of the deputies in parliament today represent the Communist Party of Cuba.
The head of state is the chairman of the Council of State (who is also the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba), who exercises executive power in the country. He is assisted by the chairman of the Council of Ministers, who is also the second secretary of the Central Committee.
The government of the Cuban state consists of two branches: the Council of Ministers and the Council of State. The ministry employs 31 ministers.
The highest authority on Liberty Island is the National Assembly of People's Power, i.e. parliament of the republic. It includes 609 deputies who are elected for 5 years. She was entrusted with the formation of the government, the appointment of the head of the state council. The duties of the Assembly also include the election of the People's Supreme Court. The provincial courts are elected by the provincial assemblies of the people's power, the municipal courts by the municipal assemblies.
The Republic of Cuba is administratively divided into 16 provinces, which are respectively divided into 169 municipalities. Only one municipality is accountable to the central government - Juventud, the rest are subordinate to local administrative structures.
Cuba's participation in international organizations
IN last yearsHaving changed course in the political sphere, being squeezed by economic sanctions, Cuba has become more active in influential international organizations.
The republic is a member of the World Trade Organization, takes an active part in international agreements: the Paris Convention, the New York Convention on International Arbitration, and the Madrid Protocol. Cuba is a member of the international organization of the ACP states. Cuba has been participating in social programs at the international level for several decades.
There are 57 Cuban professionals working in 101 countries, of which 70% are health workers. One of the Cuban programs "Operation Miracle" provides affordable medical care in 16 countries to poor seriously ill people. There is a “Yes, I Can” program in 28 Latin American states aimed at combating illiteracy.
In whatever direction Cuba goes, the beauty of its natural landscape, the originality of its culture and the attractiveness of the Cuban mentality will remain unchanged.
Cuba, also known worldwide as "Freedom Island", is located in the northern part Caribbean and is a large-scale island archipelago belonging to the Greater Antilles group. The country is located at the junction between the North and South America, in its geographic shape, a little resembling a lizard, whose tail is located in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, and the body, together with its head, is turned towards the Atlantic Ocean.
Features:
Cuba is considered one of the most picturesque and picturesque places on the planet. The majestic mountain ranges of the Cordillera de Guaniguanico, Escambray and Sierra Maestra are gracefully combined with flat terrain, dense tropical forests and grandiose waterfalls, thus forming a unique landscape appearance of the republic. Large islands, teeming with white sandy beaches, are surrounded by numerous coral reefs and small islands that gracefully complement the unique seascapes. Today, Cuba is ruled by the national Communist Party, and the executive power is concentrated in the hands of the head of state, who simultaneously acts as the secretary general and the chairman of the Council of Ministers. The main export commodities are sugar and nickel. Famous Cuban cigars are traditionally in great demand in the West.
The general standard of living of the population in the state is quite low, although, like in many other countries of the South and Central America, there is a big difference in income between the elite and ordinary citizens. Health care and infrastructure are poorly developed, which is seriously affected by the US embargo against the republic. On the other hand, the island pays serious attention to education, the level of which is considered one of the highest in Latin America. The main religion in the country is Catholicism. The ethnic composition is extremely diverse. Representatives of almost all continents live in Cuba. The total percentage of the white population is slightly over 60%. One of the main reasons for the discontent of many islanders in relation to the current government is the fact that for local residents who want to leave their homeland, a special permit is required, which is not so easy to obtain. Since there is a communist system in the country, many elements of everyday life and features of the state structure here are similar to the Soviet models of the second half of the last century, including free milk and the sale of products by cards.
general information
The area of \u200b\u200bCuba is nearly 111 thousand square meters. km, with a population of about 11 million people. The official language is Spanish, but some residents, especially in resort areasare fluent in English. The national currency is the peso (CUP); convertible pesos (CUC) are used for settlements with foreigners. 100 CUC \u003d $ CUP: USD: 100: 2. Euros are also accepted, but American dollars, to put it mildly, are not popular. Local time lags behind Moscow by 7 hours in summer and 8 hours in winter. The time zone is UTC − 4 in summer and UTC − 5 in winter. Mains voltage 110 V @ 60 Hz, A, B. Telephone country code +53. Internet domain.cu.
A brief excursion into history
For Europeans, Cuba was discovered by the famous Spanish navigator Christopher Columbus in the fall of 1492. The colonization of the island proceeded in parallel with the regular opposition of the local population, represented by the Taino Indians. In the second half of the 19th century, a large-scale war for the independence of Cuba began, which lasted for 10 years, and in 1898 Spain was defeated by the US army during the Spanish-American confrontation, after which American influence spread here. At the beginning of the 20th century, the country gained its long-awaited independence, which later turned into the dictatorial regime of Gerardo Machado y Morales, and then Fulgencio Batista. In the summer of 1953, the Cuban Revolution broke out, one of the main organizers of which was the future Prime Minister of the country, Fidel Castro. It ended 6 years later with the establishment of the communist regime. Agrarian reforms and widespread social transformations soon followed. Dissatisfied with the new policy, they were exiled to the United States without the right to return to their homeland. As in the USSR, severe sanctions were applied to the "enemies of the people." With the rise to power of Fidel's brother, Raul Castro, in 2008, the Cuban people gained more freedom, although in general the state system has not changed much.
Climate
The island is dominated by a tropical trade wind climate, and the average annual air temperature ranges from +25 to +28 degrees. From May to September, Cuba is the rainy season, which is characterized by prolonged tropical showers. Clear sunny days with high humidity prevail from October to April. On the coast, the heat is transferred much easier than in the interior of the island, because of the light winds blowing from the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The best time to visit Cuba is considered the period from November to April.
Visa and customs regulations
To travel to Liberty Island, a visa is not required for citizens of Russia, but it is necessary for citizens of Ukraine. Customs regulations include some restrictions on the export of cultural property, seashells, any antiques or precious metals from the country. Buying goods from crocodile skin, you should acquire a license from the seller in order to avoid the seizure of the product during customs inspection at the border. It is interesting that no more than 50 Cuban cigars can be brought to Russia, but in this case, the Russian customs already acts as a restriction on the freedom of import.
How to get there
The most popular and visited resorts of the Liberty Island are, and. The most promoted of them is Varadero. It is always noisy, bright and cheerful there. Magnificent sandy beaches framed by evergreen palm trees create a relaxed atmosphere, and numerous hotels, shops, restaurants and entertainment venues make your stay as comfortable and varied as possible. Holguín and Santa Maria del Mar are not so crowded and are more suitable exclusively for a beach pastime. In general, the tourist centers of Cuba enjoy great attention from tourists. All beaches are municipal, equipped with the appropriate attributes and there is practically no local population on them. Hotels, mainly operate on the "all inclusive" system and are located on the first line.
For travel lovers, Cuba is wonderful world with beautiful nature and architecture rich in history, traditions and culture. The friendliness of the locals and the bright sunbeams reflecting in the emerald waters of the Caribbean Sea bring an additional positive to the unique romantic atmosphere of the island.
Accommodation
Popular tourist place in Cuba - Varadero, where there are expensive 4-5 * hotels with good territories and infrastructure, there are also more economical 3 * hotels in the resort, but do not be surprised if you see huge cockroaches there. If you want to truly experience Cuba, it is best to stay at Casa Particular, which is significantly cheaper than a hotel and local flavor provided. In general, in Cuba, every city and village has good city hotels with its own charm.
Kitchen
Widespread in Cuba, Creole cuisine includes an abundance of different national culinary creations, including pork, chicken and vegetables, seasoned with an impressive amount of spices. The delicacies are dishes made from crocodile or turtle meat, as well as turtle eggs. True gourmets should definitely try such national drinks as mojito, cuba libre or daiquiri. Restaurants and cafes are represented in the resorts and in the capital Havana, while in the provincial areas, there are only catering establishments and small eateries.
Shopping
In shops, souvenir shops and markets, there are numerous souvenirs from crocodile skin, turtle shell and black coral. Tourists often buy Cuban cigars, coffee and rum, as well as T-shirts, dishes and other products, with images of the leaders of the national liberation movement, Fidel Castro and Ernesto Che Guevara, applied on them.
Precautionary measures
Cuba is a safe country, you can safely walk the streets at night. The police are efficient and competent enough. The only thing is to always check the change that you are given when paying for services, in stores, etc., we often count such cases. Women are advised to stick to more discreet dress codes so as not to attract undue attention from men.
As one of last strongholds communism on the planet, the country is of constant interest. While the rest of the world lives in the fast paced digital age, Cuba is slowly on its way, with only a minority having access to the Internet. Dinosaurs of the automotive world and repaired and painted American cars from the 1940s and 1950s clumsily creep down dimly lit city streets. In rural areas, cars are replaced by ox-drawn carts, omnibuses, Chinese bicycles and pedicabs. The dwellings are furnished with furniture antiques inherited from their ancestors, illuminated with energy-saving light bulbs.
Cuba is inseparable from international politics of the second half of the 20th century. At the age of six, children become young pioneers - builders of communism. Across the country, giant posters carry incantations from the country's leadership such as “Socialismo about Muerte” (“Socialism or death”) and “Viva la Revolution” (“Long live the revolution”). Portraits of Che Guevara, the revolutionary martyr of the 1960s, can be found everywhere on the walls of shops, offices and residential buildings.
Under the conditions of tough communist rule, the country has always burst at the seams. Its economic condition is directly dependent on the global environment, and the situation is further aggravated by the American trade embargo and the damage caused by hurricanes. Many families continue to live in cramped conditions in dilapidated housing, the monthly income of many Cubans in terms of money does not even reach 25 US dollars.
The obvious weakness of the Cuban economy and the deprivation of the Cuban people cannot be overlooked. In addition, the island lacks real freedom of speech, press and movement outside the country, although under Raul Castro, some indulgences have taken place. However, there is no such glaring poverty that catches the eye, say, in Bangladesh, India, Latin America. Housing is provided by the state, and hardly anywhere in Cuba you will see homeless people sleeping on the streets, and although Cubans do not receive all the necessary food according to coupon books, nobody really goes hungry. All residents of the country have the right to free health care and education. Life expectancy increased from 57 years in 1958 to 77.7 years in 2011. This is the 57th indicator in the world. The infant mortality rate in Cuba is lower than in the United States and the European Union.
Decay, poverty and limitation only underline the indomitable spirit of the Cuban people. These people are characterized by remarkable resilience, patience and love of life, which, it seems, cannot be undermined by any economic hardships. Cubans are extremely friendly and hospitable and always eagerly invite visitors to the island in their modest homes. Overflowing with energy, schoolchildren - all in the same uniform - are everywhere: rushing through the streets, playing backyard baseball - stickball, riding homemade skateboards, flying kites.
Cuba today
Modern Cuba is slowly but surely beginning to make concessions to some capitalist goods, which seemed completely unthinkable under Fidel. Moreover, here they are no longer so aggressively disposed towards their eternal enemy - the United States. Several years ago, in order to somehow strengthen the shaky state economy, Cuba tried to develop tourism, which seriously changed its appearance.
The number of those wishing to visit the poor but proud island of socialism is only growing every year, which, of course, affects the state transformations. Gradually, the country acquires the notorious "elements of the sweet life", contrasting with the picturesque ruins that have survived since the revolution. For example, the ban on the import of foreign cars into the country was recently lifted, thanks to which quite modern taxis can now be seen at the Havana airport. The coast of Cuba in recent years has been actively built up with fashionable hotel complexes and spa hotels. And even if the level of service in most of these establishments still gives off a "Soviet flavor", rest here can be called quite civilized and comfortable.
Paradise Island
For many arriving on the island for the first time, Cuba is striking in its difference from the rest of the Caribbean. The best Cuban poet, Nicholas Guillen, compared the island to a "long green alligator". What is long is for sure - the distance from the "nose" to the "tail" is 1250 km. Cuba, comparable in area to England, is divided into 14 provinces and has about 450 islands and islets called "kayos", which means "reefs" and "springs".
Given the size, it will take at least a month to get to know the entire country. Most begin their acquaintance with the capital, Havana, and then travel to the famous tobacco plantations to the west, after which they visit the sugarcane valleys and the most beautiful colonial cities in the central part of the island. The easternmost region, called Oriente, is known for its high mountains and the second largest and first musical city.
Many resort hotels have sprung up along the truly Caribbean beaches, mainly on the northern coast. While many organized tourists still cling to the sea, each region of the island has its own charming cities, forcing people to venture inland.
Cuba's white-sand beaches are delightful, with the long stretches of Varadero coastline to the north being most famous. Among other centers beach tourism - Guardalavaca, Playa Esmeralda and the islands of Coco and Largo. Sailing enthusiasts pay tribute to the countless natural harbors, anglers hunt for marlin off the coast, and divers explore coral reefs and wrecks.
Most tourists prefer a full-service vacation, but Cuba's diversity of attractions also attracts a large number of independent travelers who find a lot of interesting things for themselves, in addition to the sea and beaches. At the eastern end of the island rises its highest mountain range, the Sierra Maestro (up to 1974 m) - the birthplace of many uprisings; in the west, in the province of Pinar del Río, lies the green Viña forest valley with huge mogotes, made of limestone by steep hills up to 400 m high; in the central part of the island are the lush Sierra del Escambray mountains and the old sugarcane plantations of the De los Ingenios Valley.
But there are still big and small cities. Havana blends beautiful Spanish colonial architecture with vibrant street life and a range of cultural events and attractions; Trinidad, a shining gem of the colonial era, attracts with its beautiful residences, churches and other structures in the winding cobbled streets; - a colorful cocktail that incorporates elements of Spanish, French and African cultures.
Climate
Cuba belongs to the tropical trade wind zone. As for the seasons, there are only two weather seasons in this part of the Caribbean: dry (from October to April) and rainy, accompanied by fairly strong hurricanes (from May to September).
Cold is a concept that no Cuban is familiar with. Even in January, the temperature on the island rarely drops below +22 ° C. The apotheosis of the heat falls on August, when the thermometer freezes at around +28 ° C in the shade. An additional bonus to ocean winds and tropical heat is high humidity, which often darkens the first days of travel. But you shouldn't worry about a specific occasion: it usually takes no more than a couple of days to get used to local climatic realities.
Major tourist destinations
What Cuba really disposes of is a lazy beach vacation: in fact, the entire coastline of the main island is a continuous beach from the Bounty advertisement with white starch of sand and azure shallow waters. If your plans are not only regal reclining on a sun lounger and getting a chocolate tan, try to stay longer in the main city of Cuba - Havana. Firstly, you still will not deprive yourself of a pleasant beach relaxation, because the city has grabbed itself a 20-kilometer piece of the sea coast, equipping it in accordance with the tastes of tourists. And secondly, you can fully enjoy the old architecture, which is famous for the Cuban capital.
It is worth stopping by to plunge into the typical Caribbean flavor, gain impressions from exploring the historical part of the city (after all, it was from here that the Spanish colonization of the island began) and dance to the fiery melodies of street musicians. The cradle of the Cuban revolution, Santa Clara, is mainly visited by those who are constantly haunted by the romanticized image of the ex-commandant Che Guevara. For your information, the remains of the Argentine rebel still rest in the local mausoleum. The cigar capital of Cuba, Pinar del Rio, is ready to offer its guests not only excursions to tobacco plantations, but also walks along the picturesque valleys surrounding the city. You can rewind time and return to the colonial era in Trinidad. Some of the local mansions built by the "sugar kings" are even included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Of all the islands of the Cuban archipelago, Cayo Largo, Cayo Caco and Cayo Guillermo are recognized as the most tourist oriented. The first piece of land is notable for its coral reef and iguanas roaming freely along the coast. There is practically no local population in Cayo Largo, but hotels and bars with visiting service personnel, as well as clean municipal beaches are in abundance. To escape the blues and relieve stress is best on Cayo Coco. The main feature of the island is a cave disco organized for tourists on Tuesdays. From Cayo Coco, you can climb along a sandy dam to the neighboring island - Cayo Guillermo, whose main attraction is the pink flamingos living here. Paradoxically, Cubans themselves are not allowed here, unless they work in one of the island hotels, so only overseas guests can enjoy the fantastic sunsets and all the benefits of the all inclusive system in Cayo Guillermo.
Attractions and entertainment in Cuba
The main historical sights of Cuba are concentrated in Havana and several other large cities. In the capital, first of all, it is worth paying attention to the Old Havana area with its Cathedral of St. Christopher, Prado Boulevard and Colon Cemetery, dotted with pretentious marble monuments. The contemplation of the Havana Capitol (a recognizable copy of the Washington one) will also give a pleasant experience. It is also interesting to wander around the old town squares, bordered by old colonial-style mansions. Plaza de Armas, Plaza Vieja, Plaza de la Catedral, Plaza de San Francisco - all these cobbled spots are included in the mandatory minimum tourist program.
The tiny town of Remedios is worth visiting for the Carnival Museum, the Alejandro Garcia Couturla Music Museum and the Church of John the Baptist. People go to Pinar del Rio to see the Guash Palace, go to a performance at the Milanes Theater and watch the production of real Cuban cigars at the Francisco Donatien tobacco factory. In Matanzas, must-see areas include Vihia Square, San Severino Castle and Montserrat Chapel.
Cuba is not Cuba without mentioning the old Hemingway. Here the writer is loved, honored, but not missing the opportunity to earn a little on his fame. If you, too, are not indifferent to the work of old Ham, take a look at the Finca Vihia estate in the vicinity of San Francisco de Paula (Havana district), to which the genius gave 20 years of his life.
For ecotourists in a country with 14 national parks and more than two dozen biosphere reserves, the possibilities are almost endless. The most famous and most visited protected natural areas are the parks of Bacanao, Desembarco del Granma, Sierra del Rosario and Topes de Collantes.
It is difficult to ignore the Cuban resorts, the most important of which is Holguín. Although it is expensive to rest here, it is fun and prestigious. In addition, the resort has the most beautiful beach countries - Playa Esmeralda. Cheaper and less pretentious, Varadero has made a reputation for its vibrant nightlife. The regulars of this piece of paradise are party fans, sex tourists and just lovers of all-inclusive relaxation. Well, travelers who do not belong to any of the listed categories can be advised to look into Varadero for an excursion to Jose Smith's sugar factory, where the production of the rum legend, the Havana Club, was first launched.
All sights of Cuba
Divers in Cuba live freely without exaggeration. If you wish, you can go in search of underwater adventures directly from the beaches of Havana, Varadero and Santiago de Cuba. The transparency of sea water is high almost everywhere, and the bottom is replete with coral thickets and interesting finds. But it is better, of course, to choose less crowded places, tested by experts. These include the islands of Cayo Coco, Cayo Largo, Juventud and Jardines del Rey. You can also chase exotic fish near the coral reef in the province of Cienfuegos.
There is no shortage of experienced instructors on Liberty Island, but most of them speak only Spanish and a little less often English. Russian-speaking diving gurus are found only in Varadero and in Jardines del Rey. It is also possible to complete training in primary diving skills in Cuba, but it is unlikely that you will be able to acquire a certificate of a more advanced level (PADI).
It is not necessary to bring diving equipment with you. Almost all Cuban diving centers have their own material and technical base: sometimes thoroughly shabby, but quite working. On average, dive rates range from 30 (daylight) to 40 (night) CUC.
Holidays to celebrate with Cubans
On Freedom Island, communist holidays are still in trend. Here, May Day and Cuban Revolution Day (January 2) are still celebrated with great pomp. On July 26, a wave of parades and demonstrations in honor of the National Uprising Day swept the country. On October 10, all Cuban patriots do not go to work, but gather at the Carlos Manuel Cespedes monument to lay flowers and express their deep gratitude to the “Father of the Motherland”.
Despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of local residents are zealous Catholics, Christmas in Cuba is celebrated quietly, modestly and without traditional gifts. But on New Year in large cities unimaginable festive chaos reigns, accompanied by intoxicating parties and concerts.
Features of the national mentality
The indigenous population of Cuba lives mostly in poverty, but carefree and fun. All these tales about dancing in the middle of the street, the amazing talkativeness of local, prehistoric Cadillacs and Buicks, carefully inherited, as well as generously scattered compliments towards white-skinned Europeans have a very real basis. The average Cuban behaves like a typical disorderly dreamer who dreams of getting rich one day, but will never agree to leave his comfort zone for any treasures. But such a way of life also has its own sacred meaning: to strain in a country where universal leveling operates and revolutions break out from time to time is dearer to yourself. Although to scold their regime in the presence of the Cubans is a kind of bad manners. Despite the fact that local residents have a meager salary, receive food on coupons and pay exorbitant prices for white sugar, which they themselves produce, outwardly they look quite happy with this existence.
As for the attitude towards tourists, then, of course, for most Cubans they are just fat wallets, from which, if possible, you need to shake out the maximum. On Freedom Island, if not all, then very many are engaged in divorce for money: from the state, which put into circulation a special tourist currency, to small fraudsters who deliberately provoke road accidents in order to disrupt material compensation from a naive traveler. Recently, such an unprecedented phenomenon as the financial stratification of society has begun to be observed in the country: Cubans who are involved in the tourism sector and have the opportunity to receive tips in addition to their main income have become a real elite.
Religion
Catholicism in Cuba is closely intertwined with Afro-Cuban religions, in particular with such as Santeria. Tourists have the opportunity to experience many aspects of these religious practices. In the early 1960s, the government stripped the Catholic Church of much of its power and influence, but masses continue to be held in churches across the island, and since the Pope’s visit to Cuba in 1998, Catholic services and rituals have become more common.
Language
The entire population of Cuba speaks Spanish. Recently, in connection with the development of the tourism industry among the islanders, various courses for studying foreign languages, mainly European, have begun to gain popularity. In particular, the staff of elite hotels and taxi drivers in the overwhelming majority speak English well. But since the mass mastery of Shakespeare's language is still far from here, it is better to get a paper or electronic Russian-Spanish phrasebook before the trip.
Food in Cuba
Spanish, Creole and African motives are closely intertwined in Cuban cuisine. The favorite side dish here is rice, which is often accompanied by black beans or beans. It is most often served with pork or chicken, since beef in Cuba is a pleasure available only to a select few. It is worth trying the Creole ajiaco, which is a meat stew with vegetables and spices. By the way, it is better to look for the most peppery and spicy dishes in the vicinity of Santiago de Cuba.
In some establishments you can also taste exotic meat (crocodiles, turtles). Quite popular types of dishes include juevos habaneros (a local type of omelet with a spicy sauce), chicharrones (crispy pork skin chips), pulp meatloaf and unchanging lobsters that are inaccessible to the common Cuban, but are in great demand among the tourist fraternity. For dessert, you should take maduros (fried bananas), caramel cream dulce de leche (an analogue of domestic boiled condensed milk) and churros cookies, which are fried right on the street. In addition, there is an abundance of fruits in Cuba, so they can be found not only in the form of desserts, but also as a side dish for meat dishes.
As for drinks, it is worth appreciating Cuban rum and, of course, the legendary daiquiri - the favorite cocktail of John F. Kennedy and Papa Ham. Tourists drink Guarapo cane juice more out of curiosity than for pleasure. But the local beer enjoys a good reputation. The strongest coffee is brewed in Cuba, generously flavored with sugar, and sometimes splashing a couple of drops of rum into a cup.
In most hotels where breakfast or three meals a day is provided, the cuisine is more Europeanized. Usually the morning starts with a buffet with all that it implies. If you are looking for a typical Cuban tavern, welcome to the public dining rooms in private houses (paladares), which have recently been actively replaced by classic restaurants.
Money
In theory, the country's currency is the Cuban peso. In fact, there are two types of money in circulation: for the indigenous population, this is the same Cuban peso (CUP), and for tourists - a convertible peso or cook (CUC). 1 cookie is 57.43 rubles, exactly 1 US dollar or 1.18 euros (for 2017).
It is most profitable to exchange euros (no commission) or Canadian dollars at local banks. The worst thing is to convert the American currency, since the commission for its exchange can reach up to 20% of the amount. Money can be exchanged at the airport, hotels and banks. The latter are open from Monday to Friday from 8:30 to 15:00, and from 12:00 to 13:30 the establishments close for a traditional siesta.
IN resort areas the islands accept credit cards. Not so long ago, Cuba lifted the ban on the "plastic" of American banks, but failures in payment transactions with Mastercard still occur. The protection from such awkward situations will be a stock of cash, which will be gladly accepted in any institution.
Tipping is customary on Liberty Island. In restaurants, this can be the traditional 10% of the bill. There will be enough little things in the bars (in cookies). Porters, maids and street musicians are given no more than 1 cookie.
Note: before leaving, try to empty all the cookies in the shops, or have time to exchange them at the Havana airport. Otherwise, you run the risk of returning home with a pile of useless pieces of paper - convertible pesos do not change anywhere else.
Trip budget
Compared to the rest of Latin America and other developing countries, Cuba may be an unpleasant surprise for the high cost, but staying on the island will cost you no more than a vacation on other islands in the Caribbean.
Road
Air tickets can become a major expense item, especially for residents of Europe and Asia. It is cheaper to travel in the off-season, from mid-December to mid-April, and with a full service charge.
Accommodation
Car rent
You can rent a car in Cuba in any big city, but keep in mind that gasoline is expensive here: about 1.20-1.40 CUC / l. To rent a car, you must be 21 years old and have at least one year of driving experience. To conclude a lease, a passport and an international driver's license will be enough.
The rental price is from 45 to 150 cookies per day without mileage restrictions. Usually the tourist pays for the rent, as well as a mandatory deposit of 150-300 CUC (cash is possible). Insurance will need to be bought on the spot, even if you paid for the rental in advance before arrival in the country. If you take the car in one place and want to return it in another, you will have to pay the cost of the return journey. In the event of damage to the vehicle, you must pay the first few hundred dollars required for repairs, unless you can prove that the damage was not your fault. Before picking up the vehicle, inspect it for dents and scratches.
Useful information: even sitting behind the wheel of a rented car, you will hardly be able to disguise yourself as a real amigo on Cuban roads. Cars in the country are identified by the color of their numbers: yellow belong to private owners, blue to government agencies, and red ones are given to tourists.
Republic of Cuba - island state in the north of the Caribbean. Cuba occupies the territory of the island of the same name as part of the Greater Antilles, the Island of Youth and many smaller islands.
The relief of Cuba is predominantly flat. Hills and mountains occupy about a third of the territory. The highest mountain range, the Sierra Maestra, stretches along the southeast coast for 250 km. Him highest point - Turkino peak (1974 m). About 2/3 of the entire area of \u200b\u200bCuba is occupied by slightly hilly plains.
The state
State structure
Socialist Republic. The head of state is the chairman of the State Council. The supreme body of state power and legislative body of the country is the unicameral National Assembly of People's Power. The highest executive and administrative body that is the government of the republic is the Council of Ministers.
Language
State language: Spanish
In resort areas, English, German, Italian are widely used.
Religion
The majority of believers are Catholics (47%), Protestants (4%) and adherents of the so-called "santeria" - a syncretic cult based on African pagan beliefs, mixed with the cult of some Christian saints.
Currency
International name: CUP
Currency can be exchanged at bank exchange bureaus, as well as in most hotels. Hotels, restaurants and shops accept credit cards from the world's leading payment systems, except North American ones. None will be accepted for payment credit cardissued by any US bank, but cards and traveller's checks in other currencies are freely accepted. Traveler's checks in US dollars and pounds sterling are accepted without restriction on one condition - if they are not issued by an American bank.
There are two types of pesos - "non-convertible" (for domestic use) and "convertible" (CUC or "convertible", used for settlements with tourists, pegged to the US dollar at a ratio of 1: 1.08). Often change is given by both.
All goods and services, including transportation and departure tax, must be paid in convertible pesos. The circulation of the American dollar in Cuba has been discontinued. When carrying out exchange transactions with US dollars, a commission fee of 10% of the exchanged amount is charged (when exchanging other currencies, the fee is not charged). All credit card transactions are taxed at 11.24%.
History of Cuba
The settlement of the island of Cuba happened quite late, about four thousand years ago. By the time the Europeans arrived, the Indians were still at the stage of the primitive communal system and did not seek to resist the small detachment of Christopher Columbus, who landed in October 1492 in one of the bays of the island. Colonized by Spain in the 16th century. The Spanish conquerors destroyed most of the indigenous population of the Indians and imported slaves from Africa to work on plantations (slavery persisted until 1886).
In 1902, Cuba was proclaimed an independent republic, but in fact it turned into a semi-colony of the United States, which more than once in 1906-1922 resorted to occupation.
In the mid-1950s, a struggle against the regime of F. Batista unfolded in Cuba. On January 1, 1959, Batista was forced to flee Cuba. The Cuban leadership, headed by F. Castro, gradually began to focus on the USSR, which provided economic assistance to Cuba.
The irreconcilable position of the Cuban leadership towards the United States during the Cold War (in 1961 the United States broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba, in 1962 Cuba was expelled from the Organization of American States) led to Cuba being drawn into the so-called. Caribbean Crisis (October 1962) caused by deployment in Cuba soviet missiles.
In 1975, at the first congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, the country was proclaimed a socialist state with a one-party regime. Since the early 1990s, economic difficulties in Cuba have escalated sharply.
The settlement of the island of Cuba happened quite late, about four thousand years ago. By the time the Europeans arrived, the Indians were still at the stage of the primitive communal system and did not seek to resist the small detachment of Christopher Columbus, who landed in October 1492 in one of the bays of the island. Colonized by Spain in the 16th century. The Spanish conquerors destroyed most of the indigenous population of the Indians and imported slaves from Africa to work on plantations (slavery persisted until 1886) ...
Cuba Map
Popular attractions
Cuba Tourism
Where to stay
There are many famous world hotel chains in Cuba, mainly Spanish. Almost all coastal hotels are located on the first line of the beach.
Most of the hotels are four stars. They are all equipped with private bathroom with hairdryer, air conditioning, mini fridge, safe, cable TV and telephone. Along with this, there is a huge selection of two- and three-star hotels for vacationers. There are not so many high-level hotels - five-star and five-star Deluxe in the country. Before choosing a hotel, you need to take into account that the level of service here is low, lower than European or Asian.
Most of the hotels located on beach resorts Cuba, works on the "all inclusive" system, that is, the room rate includes the possibility of eating in the hotel's bars and restaurants around the clock.
In resorts such as Varadero, Holguin, Cayo Largo and Cayo Coco, all hotels operate on an all-inclusive basis. There are no mandatory surcharges in such hotels. Food for guests is provided, as a rule, in the form of a buffet. Almost all Cuban hotels are equipped with a swimming pool. Animation programs for adults and children are available only in the largest hotels in Cuba.
Cuban hotels are quite expensive, so it will be cheaper to stay in the private sector, the so-called casa particular. These are rooms in a private house, which are equipped with a double bed, air conditioning, toilet, bathroom with shower and hot water.
Another option for living in Cuba is campismos (camping) - neat houses located, as a rule, by the sea. They cost a little less than the private sector.
Popular hotels
Excursions and attractions in Cuba
Cuba is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Caribbean. Her rich story and national traditions, magnificent colonial architecture and other cultural, historical and natural attractions, wonderful climate, warm sea and excellent beaches will make your trip to Cuba unforgettable.
The capital of Cuba, Havana, is a picturesque city located on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful cities in the world. The heart and main attraction of the city is its historical part "Old Havana" with many cultural and architectural monuments. Among the most interesting places the capital is worth highlighting the Prado Boulevard, the Cathedral, the oldest stone fortress in America La Fuersa (Real Fuersa), the Santa Clara Monastery, the Cathedral of Saint Cristobal, the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, the National Capitol, the City Hall, National Museum and the Palace of Fine Arts (National art Museum). No less interesting are the Ernest Hemingway House Museum, the Museum of the Revolution, the Roma Museum, the Guanabokoa Historical Museum, the Grand Theater of Havana and the magnificent Botanical Garden. Havana is also famous for its many festivals and holidays, among which the most impressive are the International Jazz Festival, the Latin American Film Festival and, of course, the national holiday - Revolution Day, which is taking place on a grand scale.
The second largest city in the country, Santiago de Cuba is famous for its magnificent fortress of San Pedro de la Roca (Castillo del Morro), which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. On the territory of the fortress there is an interesting Museum of the History of Piracy. Santiago de Cuba is located in a cozy bay surrounded by high picturesque mountains. And in its vicinity there is a beautiful National park Gran Piedra, on the territory of which the tourist center of the same name is located, and the original Baconao National Natural Park (declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO). Bakanao is famous all over the world for the Prehistoric Valley, the Meadow of Sculptures and the Lagoon. Not far from Santiago de Cuba, in the small village of El Cobre, on a picturesque green hill, there is the snow-white Abode of the Blessed Virgin. In the city itself, of particular interest are the magnificent Cathedral, the House of Diego Velazquez, the Cespedes Park, the Ethnographic and History museums.
While vacationing in Cuba, you should definitely visit the magnificent Bellamar and Saturn karst caves in the tourist area of \u200b\u200bMantanas, the cities of Trinidad and Camaguey with magnificent colonial architecture and the Ernesto Che Guevara Memorial in Santa Clara. No less interesting are the magnificent garden in Soroa (Pinar del Rio province) with a unique collection of orchids and one of the main temples of Cuba - the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in the city of Cienfuegos.
Fans of beach recreation and water activities will certainly be interested in the picturesque island of Juventud (Pinos) with its unique natural landscapes, magnificent beaches and cozy coves. It is also considered one of the best diving sites in the world. The resort town of Varadero is also popular, which is a fashionable recreation area with luxury hotels, excellent diving centers and picturesque surroundings, and its beach is recognized by UNESCO as one of the cleanest in the world. Also famous are the resorts of Elgea with its mineral springs, Holguin with the magnificent Nipe Bay and the picturesque island of Guam (the southernmost island of the Mariana archipelago).
Among the main natural attractions of Cuba, one can single out the beautiful Vinales Valley, surrounded by the picturesque Sierra de los Organos mountains, Nature reserve Zapata with unique flora and fauna, Topes de Collantes Park in the Sierra del Escambray and the Salto del Caburni waterfall (one of the largest in the country) and the Alexander Humboldt National Park located on its territory.
Tip
Tipping in most cases is up to 10% of the cost of the service. Porter and maid at the hotel - up to 1 USD. Tipping is better to give in person, as usually tips are given to the general cashier.
Visa
Opening hours of institutions
Banks are open on weekdays from 8.30 am to 12 pm and from 1.30 pm to 3 pm on Saturday - from 8.30 am to 10.30 am.
Shops are open from 9:00 to 18:00 (some until 20:00) on weekdays, on Saturdays from 9:00 to 15:00 (some until 18:00). Supermarkets and shops in resort areas are usually open from 10 am to 8 pm. Most small shops have separate opening hours. Almost all shops close for siesta around noon.
Souvenirs
As souvenirs from Cuba, you can bring black coral and jewelry made from it, products made from turtle shells (especially bracelets and hairpins). Don't forget to buy one or two bottles of this unique Cuban rum and real Cuban cigars. A good gift from Cuba would also be a tumbadora or bongo - percussion musical instruments used in African melodies. Another gift is the guayabera, a shirt worn in the tropics by officials.
The medicine
There is a high likelihood of hepatitis, malaria and sunburn. It is recommended to use bottled water and use sunscreen. It is better to take essential medicines with you.
Security
There are dangerous reptiles in Cuba - caimans and boas, they can cause a lot of trouble sea \u200b\u200burchins, some tropical fish and jellyfish, as well as sand fleas, mosquitoes and anopheles mosquito.
Emergency phones
National Police: 82-0116
Fire brigade: 81-1115
Ambulance: 24-2811
Photo and video shooting
It is strictly forbidden to photograph military equipment, servicemen and industrial enterprises.
Photos of Cuba
Questions and opinions about Cuba
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