A map with three walking routes through the most interesting exhibitions in Moscow museums in new year holidays developed in the city and in its subordinate institution - Mosgortur. All routes run in Central Districtbut in different areas.
“During the New Year holidays, Moscow offers many activities, including in museums. To make it easier to choose the most interesting of them, we have developed three routes that will cover the most significant exhibitions. The total travel time between them will take less than 30 minutes, so the townspeople will not have time to freeze, "- said Natalia Loseva, deputy general director state autonomous cultural institution "Mosgortur".
The first route " New Year on Prechistenka ”will run from Zubovsky to Gogolevsky Boulevard. The walk begins with an exhibition in the Museum of Moscow dedicated to the history of decorating the capital for the New Year, coronations, revolutionary holidays, and large-scale international competitions. Then you can go to the "Multimedia Art Museum" on Ostozhenka. There, guests will learn about the history of Finnish design, such as the legendary ball chair Eero Aarnio and the Asteroid Valleys necklace by Bjorn Vekström, which adorned Princess Leia's neck in the Star Wars movie.
The first route will then lead to State Museum A.S. Pushkin on Prechistenka, where the works of the serf artist Vasily Sadovnikov are presented, and in the Moscow Museum of Modern Art on Gogolevsky Boulevard, where guests will find 13 rooms of the first personal exhibition in Russia ("Lenin and Coca-Cola") by Alexander Kosolapov, Russian-American artist, pioneer sots art. The ending point of the journey along the first route will be the exhibition "Nicaragua through the Eyes of an Artist" in the Ilya Glazunov Gallery on Volkhonka, next to Prechistenka. Visitors will get to know travel notes in the form of sketches and paintings by a painter from the revolutionary Nicaragua in 1983. Many works are on display for the first time in 35 years.
The total travel time to the museums of Prechistenka will take about 27 minutes. Those who choose this route will have to cover more than two kilometers.
The route titled "Immense Ryazanov and a concert of early music" will begin at Georgievsky Lane and end at Varvarka. Participants will first visit the large-scale exhibition "Immense Ryazanov" dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the birth of Eldar Ryazanov. They will be shown installations and personal belongings of the filmmaker. Then everyone will be able to get to “Christmas at the Fashion Museum” - this is an exhibition in the museum on Ilyinka, dedicated to New Year and Christmas traditions in clothing and accessories. The walk along the second route will end in the Old English Court on Varvarka, where you can listen to concerts of classical music in the grand hall of the 17th century. The schedule is available on the website of the Old English Court.
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Moving between exhibitions and museums will take about 18 minutes, and the length of the path will be 1.6 kilometers.
The third route, "Gogol, Carols and the Enchanted World," will run from Nikitsky to Tverskoy Boulevard. You can walk here before Christmas, January 6th. It will begin in the park near Gogol's House, where everyone can take part in traditional folk games, contests and carols (the event is held from 11:00 to 18:00). The next destination is the exhibition “Where is My Home?” Dedicated to the 125th anniversary of the birth of Marina Tsvetaeva. For the first time since 1992 - the year of foundation - in the House-Museum of Marina Tsvetaeva in Borisoglebsky lane, her manuscripts, library and surviving things have been collected.
At the end of the journey, guests will visit the exhibition of Nikita Makarov "Finis Terrae: On the Edge of an Enchanted World" at the Moscow Museum of Modern Art on Tverskoy Boulevard. In the artist's paintings you can see urban and coastal views of Italy, France, Spain, Greece and Russia. The third route will take about 22 minutes, and its length will be almost two kilometers.
Mosgortur traditionally makes the most comfortable and interesting routes on cultural events for citizens and guests of the capital. Using them, you can do without a guide and special escort, independently organize cognitive leisure. Similar routes were also drawn up according to the events of the action that took place in Moscow on November 4. With their help, it was possible to choose a suitable option for traveling through the festival grounds: short, medium or long.
The capital of Russia - Moscow - is one of the oldest cities filled with historical monuments of various kinds - architectural, cultural, natural. It is not for nothing that transport and walking tours around Moscow are very popular not only among visitors, but also among Muscovites. Demand gives rise to supply. New very interesting and informative walking tours around Moscow are constantly appearing in the capital. History is born in front of the people participating in the excursions.
Health and history
Doctors point out that to improve health, you need to walk for more than half an hour every day. Walking tours along Moscow roads are one of the best walking options. There is an opportunity not only to strengthen and maintain health, but also at the same time to meet or refresh in the memory of the beauty of numerous architectural monuments. Walking slowly through the capital, you can meet beautiful buildings, majestic fountains, old bridges, and with them see parks, gardens, artificial and natural reservoirs.
To choose an excursion, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the description of walking routes in Moscow.
Secular Kremlin
Where to go in the capital of Russia? Any Russian and even a guest from abroad knows the Kremlin. This is where visitors want to get.
Most Popular hiking trails across Moscow - across the Kremlin. Walking through its imposing territory, you can get a comprehensive picture of the world famous monuments, both secular and religious, that have accumulated in the Kremlin for centuries.
Secular monuments start from the walls, partially preserved. For a long time, the Kremlin was primarily a fortress. Its territory, looming in an irregular triangle of 27.5 hectares, was surrounded by wooden walls for several centuries, and from the fourteenth century by stone walls. The last time the walls with twenty towers were radically rebuilt in the era of Ivan III and since then have only been altered.
Buildings of the Russian Middle Ages, Imperial Russia, and the Soviet era have gathered on the territory of the Kremlin. Among them, the most famous are the Faceted Chamber (fifteenth century), Terem Palace (seventeenth century). In the eighteenth century, the Senate building appeared, in the nineteenth century - the building of the Grand Kremlin Palace and the Armory. In the twentieth century, the State Kremlin Palace was built.
Kremlin religious
The Moscow Kremlin is one of the holy places of the Russian orthodox Church... There are several churches that make up the religious foundation of Russia.
One of the most interesting and beautiful masterpieces of Moscow, known to the whole world, is the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed (another name for the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God), built in the sixteenth century by decree of Tsar Ivan IV. Almost all Russians learn at school that this is an ancient temple located in Moscow. The multi-domed cathedral is the central monument of Red Square, giving it a solemn look.
The Assumption Cathedral is one of the oldest buildings in the Kremlin, which has been completely preserved since the Middle Ages. The temple was built in the fifteenth century according to the design of the Italian A. Fioravanti instead of the previous cathedral, which collapsed after the earthquake.
From a bird's eye view, the majestic white-stone cathedral is presented in the form of a regular rectangle. The vault rests on four pillars, each more than two meters in size. The walls are made of white stone, other elements are made of bricks.
The nine-domed, white-stone Cathedral of the Annunciation lies near Cathedral Square. In the fourteenth century, under Ivan I, a stone church was first built in the Kremlin.
Until the end of the eighteenth century, the cathedral was the burial vault of the ruling dynasties - first the Rurikovichs, and then the Romanovs. Ivan Kalita was the first to be buried here. There are fifty-four graves in total.
Boulevards
Historically, ten boulevards arose in the city. Walking routes in Moscow along them are very interesting. The boulevards were drawn where previously there were defensive fortifications, covering from the sixteenth century White City... During the reign of Catherine II, Moscow began to be taken outside the boundaries of the fortress walls. They lost their significance and therefore they were destroyed, and the area was greened. In our time, only the names of the squares and the ruins of the rampart remind of the former fortifications.
Walking tours of the city that run through the boulevards are not limited to the main streets only. When sightseers enter the alleys, they get acquainted with the original historical monuments.
The length of this excursion is about 8 km, and the walk itself takes about 4 hours. This excursion stands out among the long walking routes in Moscow. It usually starts from Gogolevsky Boulevard, and then the group moves clockwise.
Boulevard ring
As a rule, walking tours along the Boulevard Ring of Moscow start from Gogolevsky Boulevard and end at Yauzsky. Sightseers gather near the Kropotkinskaya metro station, next to it is Gogolevsky Boulevard. There you can consider large building nineteenth century, monuments to the writer N.V. Gogol and the Soviet writer M.A.Sholokhov.
Walking along the boulevard, you can go to pl. Arbat Gate, where there is already another boulevard of the ring - Nikitsky. The Oriental Museum is located on Nikitsky Boulevard.
Outside the Nikitsky Gate, the excursion ends up on the longest and most ancient boulevard of the capital - Tverskaya. In addition to these sights, Tverskoy Boulevard is also known for its “theatricality” - the actress M.N. Ermolov, famous theaters are located here.
After Pushkin Square, the group finds itself on the most extensive boulevard of the capital - Strastnoy. There you can see the monuments to the famous actor and bard V.S. Vysotsky, composer S.V. Rachmaninov, poet A.T. Tvardovsky.
The shortest boulevard of the ring, Sretensky, begins immediately behind the Sretensky gate square. However, despite its small size, it has a row historical monuments Moscow, one of which is a miraculously survived rampart slope.
The excursion ends in the world of silence and tranquility - on Yauzsky Boulevard. Here you can see the buildings of the nineteenth century and the monument to R. Gamzatov. In addition, you can see monuments related to the history of cinema.
Taganka
Passing from Taganka to the Kremlin in the center of Moscow, old streets, you will notice a large number of architectural masterpieces. Among them we can highlight the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. It stands in the middle of the Taganskaya Sloboda, now widely known for the works of V.S. Vysotsky.
Another famous architectural monument is the Batashev estate, which is nestled on Shviva Gorka. As part of the walking routes in Moscow, you can see what has survived: service buildings, the main estate, a temple, a small park and two outbuildings.
Among the most fascinating monuments of the Soviet era are the Tagansky Reserve Command Post. This is an underground structure lying at a depth of 60 m and covering an area of \u200b\u200b7 thousand square meters. m.
Pyatnitskaya
IN last years new walking tours of Moscow were developed, which go along the major central streets of the capital. Pyatnitskaya Street, for example, lies in the very center of the city. Its length is about 2 km. This walking route in Moscow begins from the Ovchinnikovskaya embankment and ends with the Garden Ring.
The street is illuminated by architectural and artistic illumination, which is located on 17 houses on the first line. Along the length of the route, there are benches and modernized retro-style lamps. In addition, 10 architectural masterpieces that are stunning in their beauty have been renovated and improved.
Maroseyka - Pokrovka
If there is a desire to wander along the pedestrian paths of the capital on your own, then you need to follow the fresh pedestrian route in Moscow, opened in 2014, which departs from Maroseyka Street and ends with Pokrovka. It is difficult to get lost there. Among the interesting walking routes in Moscow, this path caresses the eye with renovated architectural masterpieces, comfortable benches and spacious sidewalks. In addition, excessive advertising has been eliminated on this route, making it easier to understand local attractions.
A similar walking tour, perhaps, is suitable for walking along the boulevards, because Chistoprudny Boulevard converges with Pokrovka.
Walking through the history of the capital
For any Muscovite and visitor, the capital of our Motherland is a certain mystery. To understand its secrets, monuments, masterpieces of past centuries, you need to allocate a lot of time and effort. The transport route does not allow you to see all the wonderful features of the city. But deciding on a walking tour, you will not only strengthen your health, but also discern in great detail the monuments of the past, which are so admired by the whole world.
Free excursions
In Moscow you can get to free excursions: along the streets and boulevards, to the Novospassky monastery, along the Georgian settlement, Solyanka and Shviva gorka, along Clean ponds... You can sign up for them in advance, but the walk can be canceled due to unfavorable weather conditions, tips for the guide are welcome.
Accompanied by an experienced guide, comfortable bus, on the observation deck, you will drive through the most beautiful streets and squares. You will see:
- Monument to the Conquerors of Space, located on the Cosmonautics Alley,
- the estate of Count Sheremetyev,
- Ostankino TV Tower,
- get acquainted with the Temple of the Mother of God "Unexpected Joy",
- a. Raikin Theater,
- olympic sports complex,
- The oldest circus in Moscow Yuri Nikulin.
Moscow sightseeing tour route
During the excursion you will make 5 stops with exits from the bus:
- On Vorobyovy Gory: admire the panorama of Moscow from a bird's eye view, see the territory of the Luzhniki sports complex, the Novodevichy Convent and the Moscow State University.
- On Mosfilmovskaya Street: see the Mosfilm film studio, visit the avenue of stars of Russian cinema.
- On Poklonnaya Hill: drive through the territory of the museum, under open airwhere you will see unique exhibits military equipmentwho took part in the battles of the Great Patriotic War.
- And: drive around the Cathedral of Christ the Savior and the Moscow Kremlin, see the monument to Peter I on the Moscow River, the ancient Zamoskvorechye, Leninsky and Kutuzovsky avenues, Moscow City skyscrapers, the Government House Russian Federation, Garden Ring road, Boulevard Ring, Novy Arbat. Drive through central squares cities - on Teatralnaya you will admire the Bolshoi and Maly theaters, on Lubyanka we will show you the buildings of the FSB, and at the end of the tour, passing along the modern Prospekt Mira street, we will see the Apothecary Garden Botanical Garden, the Chapel of Seraphim of Sarov, the Temple of the Icon of the Tikhvin Mother of God and return to the square , at the main entrance to VDNKh.
Buy a sightseeing tour of Moscow
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Return of service
Refunds of the transferred funds are made to your bank account within 5-30 business days (the period depends on the Bank that issued your bank card).
Don't know where to buy a sightseeing tour of Moscow? Do not hesitate to contact our company LLC "City Tour Operator in Ostankino", where professional guides will lead you fascinating and interesting excursions in the capital. Payment for tickets is made both on the website online, and directly on the bus before the start of the tour.
Prices for a sightseeing tour of Moscow
- Adult: 800 RUB
- Child: RUB 700
- Preferential: * RUB 700
* pensioners, disabled people, students
Prices sightseeing tour by bus in Moscow relevant today. Take advantage of our discount for subscribers of our groups on social networks - and the cost of a sightseeing tour of Moscow will be reduced!
Moscow - ancient cityfull of attractions. Not only tourists, but also its inhabitants love to walk along it. Every year new walking routes are created in Moscow. In terms of the number of pedestrian zones, Russia will soon stop lagging behind Europe.
The Chinese have calculated that in order to maintain good health, it is necessary not only to eat right, but also to walk for at least 40 minutes every day. Of course, we are not talking about walks along the polluted streets. Walking routes around Moscow allow you to enjoy a variety of architectural beauties, fountains, gardens and other attractions. Moscow, of course, is big, and it won't be enough to walk around it all on foot, but there are places that you should definitely visit.
Boulevard ring of Moscow
There are 10 boulevards in Moscow. Each of them is famous for something. They were formed in places where there used to be defensive walls and towers that had been protecting the White City since the 16th century. During the reign of Catherine II, the city began to be upset outside the fortifications, so they were demolished and the territory was greened. Only the names of the squares and the ruins of the rampart now remind of the walls and gates.
The length of this is approximately 8 km, that is, the walk takes about 4 hours.
The shape resembles a horseshoe that rests on This route is considered a unique monument gardening art... A walking tour of Moscow, the route of which passes through the Boulevard Ring, usually starts from and goes clockwise.
Walking tour of Taganka
Walking from Taganka to the Kremlin, you can see many architectural monuments. Among the attractions should be mentioned the Cathedral of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker It is located in the center of the Taganskaya Sloboda. Previously, this area was called Bolvanovka.
Also a popular architectural monument is the Batashev estate, which is located on Shviva Gorka. On this moment outbuildings, the main estate, a church, a garden and two outbuildings have been preserved.
The most curious modern monuments include the Tagansky Reserve Command Post. This is a bunker located at a depth of 60 m and occupying an area of \u200b\u200b7 thousand square meters. m.
The Kremlin is the "heart" of Moscow
The most popular walking trails in Moscow start near the Kremlin. Walking through its large territory, you can get a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe ancient cathedrals, necropolises, the Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell, and, of course, ancient cathedrals.
Art lovers can visit the Tretyakov Gallery. There is also an opportunity to get acquainted with the interesting monuments of the Tretyakov Gallery, the sights of Zamoskvorechye, and spiritual symbols.
New hiking trails
Not so long ago, new walking routes were opened in Moscow, which pass along Pyatnitskaya Street, Maroseyka and Pokrovka.
Pyatnitskaya Street is located in the very heart of Moscow. Its length is about 2 km. The route starts from the Ovchinnikovskaya embankment and ends with the Garden Ring.
The street is illuminated by architectural and artistic lighting, which is located on 17 buildings on the first line. There are benches and new retro-style lamps around the perimeter. Also 10 architectural monuments were reconstructed, which amaze with their beauty.
If you want to bypass the walking trails in Moscow on your own, you should start with a new walking trail opened in 2014, which starts from Maroseyka Street and ends with Pokrovka. This route pleases the eye with restored architectural monuments, comfortable benches and wide sidewalks. Also, unnecessary advertising was removed in this area, so the perception of the surroundings improved.
Such a walking tour can be a supplement to a tour of the boulevards, because Chistoprudny Boulevard intersects with Pokrovka.
For every Moscow resident and tourist, this city is a mystery. It takes a lot of time and effort to get acquainted with its secrets and sights. Bus tours do not provide an opportunity to see all the beauty of the city, so it is better to take a walk.
2.3. Excursion route planning
Excursion route is the most convenient route excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence for a given excursion to inspect objects, the availability of sites for the location of the group, the need to ensure the safety of tourists. One of the objectives of the route is to facilitate the fullest disclosure of the topic.
The main requirements that must be taken into account by the planners of the route are organizing the display of objects in a logical sequence and providing a visual basis for the disclosure of the topic.
In the practice of excursion institutions, there are three options for building routes: chronological, thematic and thematic-chronological.
Excursions dedicated to the life and work of prominent people can serve as an example of a chronological route.
Excursions related to the disclosure of a certain topic in the life of the city (for example, "Arkhangelsk is under construction", "Literary suburbs", etc.) are organized according to the thematic principle.
All city sightseeing excursions are structured according to the thematic and chronological principle. The sequence of presentation of the material in chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only with the disclosure of each subtopic.
Route development - a complex multi-stage procedure that requires a sufficiently high qualification and is one of the main elements of the technology for creating new excursion... When developing bus route should be guided by the "Rules of the road", "Charter of road transport", "Rules for the carriage of passengers" and other departmental regulations.
Objects, depending on their role in the excursion, can be used as the main and additional.
The main objects are subjected to a deeper analysis, subtopics of the excursion are revealed on them.
The display of additional objects, as a rule, is carried out when the excursion group moves (transitions) and does not occupy a dominant position.
The route is built according to the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:
Displaying objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passes along the same section of the route (street, square, bridge, highway), that is, the so-called "loops";
- availability of the facility (site for its inspection);
- moving or transition between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story;
- availability of comfortable stops, including sanitary and parking spaces for vehicles.
It is recommended to have several options for group movement at the time of the excursion. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams, repair work on city highways. All this should be taken into account when creating various route options.
The development of the bus route ends with the coordination and approval of the passport and route scheme, calculation of the mileage and time of using vehicles.
Bypassing (bypassing) a route
Bypassing (bypassing) a route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a detour (detour) of the route, the following tasks are set:
1) familiarize yourself with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid;
2) specify the place where the object is located, as well as the place of the expected stop of the excursion bus or pedestrian group;
3) master the approach by bus to objects or parking lots;
4) conduct the timing of the time required to display objects, their verbal characteristics and the movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion in general;
5) check the expediency of using the intended display objects;
6) choose the best points for displaying objects and options for the location of the excursion group;
7) choose a method of acquaintance with the object;
8) for the safety of the movement of tourists along the route, identify potentially dangerous places and take measures.
Preparation of the excursion control text
The text is the material necessary for the full disclosure of all the sub-topics included in the tour. The text is designed to provide a thematic focus of the guide's story, it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events that the tour is devoted to, and gives an objective assessment of the objects shown.
Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, the required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.
The text of the excursion is compiled by a creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story taking into account the requirements of this text (control text).
The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in a route sequence, with the distribution of the material presented to stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and verified by sources material, which is the basis for all excursions conducted on this topic. Using the provisions and conclusions that are contained in the control text, the guide builds his own individual text.
Based on the test text, options for excursions on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for various groups of workers.
In order to facilitate the work on creating such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, subtopics and main issues that were not included in the route of this excursion.
In addition to materials for the guide's story, the control text includes materials that should make up the content of the introductory word and conclusion of the tour, as well as logical transitions. It should be easy to use. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by links to sources.
Acquisition of the "guide portfolio"
"Tour guide's portfolio"is the symbolic name of the set of visual aids used during the excursion. These aids are usually placed in a folder or a small portfolio.
One of the tasks of the "tour guide portfolio" is to reconstruct the missing links in the show. In excursions, it often happens that not all the objects necessary for the disclosure of the topic have been preserved. For example, sightseers cannot see a historic building that has been destroyed over time; the village, destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, etc. Sometimes it becomes necessary to give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe original form of the place where the building being examined was built (residential neighborhood). For this purpose, for example, photographs of a village or vacant lot, panoramas of the construction of an enterprise, a residential area are used. The task may also arise to show what will happen in the surveyed place in the near future. In this case, excursionists are shown projects of buildings, structures, monuments.
During excursions, it is necessary to show photographs of people who are related to this object or events associated with it (for example, portraits of members of the Wolf family - friends of Alexander Pushkin - when conducting an excursion around the "Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga Region").
The excursion is made more convincing by the demonstration of copies of original documents, manuscripts, literary works, about which the guide tells.
And one more important task of visual aids on excursions - give a visual representation of the object (plants, minerals, mechanisms by showing genuine samples or their photographs, models, dummies).
The "guide's portfolio" includes photographs geographic Maps, diagrams, drawings, pictures, product samples, etc. Such "portfolios" are created, as a rule, for each topic. They are a constant companion of the guide and help to make any journey into the past and present more exciting and rewarding. The content of the "portfolio" is dictated by the topic of the tour.
The visual aids of the "tour guide portfolio" should be user-friendly. Their number should not be large, since in this case the manuals will distract excursionists from examining genuine objects, scatter their attention.
The members of the creative group, preparing a new excursion, select from the visual materials at their disposal the most expressive ones that can help the guide in covering the topic. The method of demonstrating visual aids is tested on the route. Then the recommendations on the use of the materials of the "portfolio" are included in the methodological development.
Each exhibit included in the "portfolio" is accompanied by a leaflet with explanations or reference material. Sometimes explanations are glued to the back of the exhibit. This annotation serves as a source material for the guide when showing the exhibit to tourists.
The list of visual materials of a certain topic included in the "guide's portfolio" should be updated throughout the development of a new excursion topic.
Museums, exhibitions, archives provide great assistance in the selection of visual materials for the "portfolio" of excursion organizations.
Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion
The success of the excursion is in direct proportion to the methodological techniques of demonstration and story used in it. The choice of this or that methodological method is dictated by the tasks set for the excursion, the information richness of a particular object.
The work of the creative group at this stage consists of several parts: selection of the most effective methodological techniques for highlighting sub-topics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience (adults, children), the time of the excursion (winter, summer, day, evening), features showing; determination of methods of preserving the attention of tourists and activating the process of perception of excursion material; development of recommendations on the use of expressive means in the speech of the guide; selection of the rules of the excursion technique. It is equally important to determine the technology for using methodological techniques.
Determination of the excursion technique
The excursion technique unites all organizational issues of the excursion process. Authors bus tour, for example, they carefully think over when and where excursionists go out to inspect an object, how excursionists move between objects, how and when exhibits of a "guide's portfolio" are demonstrated, etc. The corresponding entries are made in the column of methodological development "Organizational instructions". These instructions are also addressed to the bus driver. For example, where to put the bus, where you need to go slower to observe the object from the window. Separate instructions refer to excursionists (observance of safety rules on the street, getting off the bus, accommodation in the cabin). It is important to formulate recommendations on the use of breaks in the excursion; on observance of the time allotted for coverage of sub-topics, organization of answers to questions from tourists; on the technique of using the "portfolio" exhibits; about the order of laying wreaths, etc. No less important are the instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guidance independent work excursionists on the route, carrying out the story when the bus is moving.
Drawing up a methodological development
Methodical development - a document that defines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and technique of conducting should be applied to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the characteristics of the objects on display and the content of the material presented. She disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: prompt the guide on the way to reveal the topic; equip him with the most effective methodological techniques of display and story; contain clear recommendations on the organization of the excursion; take into account the interests of a certain group of tourists (if there are excursion options); combine the show and the story into a single whole.
Methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion, including with a differentiated approach to the preparation and conduct of the excursion. In the variants of the methodological development, the age, professional and other interests of the tourists, the peculiarities of the methodology of its implementation, are reflected.
The methodological development is formalized as follows:
The title page contains data: the name of the excursion institution, the name of the topic of the excursion, the type of excursion, the length of the route, the duration in academic hours, the composition of the excursionists, the names and positions of the authors, the date of approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.
- on the next page, the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram with an indication of objects and stops during the excursion are described.
Methodical development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are not distributed among the columns. For example, what the recommendations for a guide look like on the construction of an introduction to the methodological development of an excursion on the topic - "Tyumen - the gateway to Siberia": "First of all, you need to get to know the group, name the guide and driver, then remind the tourists the rules of behavior on the bus, warning them that they will be able to ask questions and share their impressions when there is time for this.In the informational part, it is necessary to name the topic, route, duration of the excursion, but it is advisable to do this in such a way as to arouse interest in the topic; attract the attention of tourists, that is, this part of the introduction should be bright, emotional. It can begin with poems by AS Pushkin or a quote - the statement of the Decembrists about the untold riches of Siberia, the great future of this harsh land. " The landing place of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the starting point of the excursion is determined by the methodological development.
Table 2.1
An example of a methodological development of an excursion
| Route | Stop | Display objects | Time | Name of subtopics and list of main questions | Organizational guidelines | Methodical instructions |
| New Basmannaya st. - M. Razgulyay - Baumanskaya st. | On the way | New Basmannaya street; cathedral of st. Paul; house number 16 on Novaya Basmannaya street, house number 2 on Spartakovskaya street |
Subtopic I: Pushkin Moscow 1. Former German settlement - one of the aristocratic districts of Moscow in the 18th-19th centuries. 2. New Basmannaya st. - corner of Pushkinskaya Moscow |
The story is told in slow motion of the bus | 1. Use the technique of reporting, giving a description of the former German settlement. Observe the synchronicity of storytelling and showing objects located on different streets 2. Characterizing the appearance of the German settlement the end of the 18th century, when the Pushkins settled here, use the layout and development of Novaya Basmannaya Street for display. Use in the story the names of the lanes along which the route passes, to characterize the past. Mention the surviving on the banks of the river. Yauza houses of nobles (Lefortovo Palace, Slobodskoy Palace, etc.) |
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| Baumanskaya st., 8/10 | Stop in the courtyard of the school. A.S. Pushkin number 353 | School building them. A.S. Pushkin, Memorial plaque with a bas-relief of Pushkin the Child on the facade of the building |
3. Place of birth of the poet 4. "My ancestry" 5. Childhood of the poet |
Get the group out of the bus, bring to the school building, stop at the memorial plaque. Then bring to the monument A.S. Pushkin, placing the group so that you can see the school yard, the monument, buildings to the left and right of it |
3. Verbal reconstruction of this corner of the German settlement at the end of the 18th century. Show: the relief of the school courtyard (the dried-up bed of the Kukui stream), preserved wings (house 8), reminiscent of the Skvortsov estate, where Alexander Pushkin was born. Revealing questions 4, 5, cite excerpts from the works "My genealogy" and "Guests came to the dacha." Use the "guide's portfolio" (views of old Moscow, Lefortovo, portraits of relatives A.S. Pushkin). A variant of the logical transition of the topic: "VL Pushkin - influenced the formation of the future poet's literary tastes" |
The effectiveness of the methodological development depends on the correct filling of all seven columns. Development size - 6-12 typewritten pages. The length of the document depends on the number of excursion objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the excursion in time and the length of the route.
In the column " Excursion route"is the starting point of the excursion and the end of the I subtopic.
In the column " Stops"those points of the route are called where the exit from the bus is provided; it is supposed to inspect the object from the windows of the bus without excursion exits or a stop at walking tour... You should not make such inaccurate entries as, for example: "Volga River Embankment" or "Central Square". It would be more correct to write: "The Volga river embankment near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov".
In the column " Display objects"list those memorable places, basic and additional objects that show the group at a stop, during the move or movement of the group to the next stop.
In a suburban excursion, the objects of display can be a whole city, village, urban-type settlement, and when traveling along the route, visible parts from a distance (a tall building, a tower, a bell tower, etc.). In a city tour, the objects of display can be a street or a square.
Count " Excursion duration". The time that is called in this column is the sum of the time spent on showing this object, the guide's story (the part when there is no show) and on the movement of excursionists along the route to the next stop. Here it is necessary to take into account the time spent on movement near the objects being inspected and between objects.
Count " Name of subtopics and list of main questions"contains short entries. First of all, a subtopic is called, which is revealed on a given segment of the route, at a given period of time, at the objects listed in column 3. Here, the main questions set out when the subtopic is revealed are formulated. For example, in a city sightseeing tour in one of the subtopics is called "Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden." "," Development of culture and art "," Construction of a sports complex. "The number of main issues included in the subtopic should not exceed five.
In the column " Organizational guidelines"place recommendations on the movement of the group, ensuring the safety of sightseers on the route and the fulfillment of sanitary and hygienic requirements, the rules of conduct for the participants of the excursion in memorial sites and at monuments of history and culture. It also sets out the requirements for sightseers for nature protection and fire safety rules. include all the questions that are included in the concept of "Technique of conducting an excursion." Here is an example of a recording: "The group is positioned so that all tourists can see the entrance to the building." "At this stop, tourists are given time to take pictures." In out-of-town excursions in this column include instructions for sanitary stops, recommendations for nature protection, rules for the movement of tourists at stops, especially near highways in order to ensure their safety.
When conducting industrial excursions, visiting working shops, recommendations on safety measures are given, extracts from the instructions of the administration of the enterprise, binding rules the behavior of tourists at the enterprise, the places where pauses in the story and show are made are called.
Count " Methodical instructions"determines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic requirements for the guide on the method of conducting the excursion, gives instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, in the excursion" Khatyn Memorial Complex "on the object" Defense Line of the 100th Infantry Division "two methodological instructions are given: When revealing the subtopic, a verbal comparison is used, a certificate is given about the military potential of Nazi Germany at the time of its attack on the USSR "and" The story of the battles is conducted using the methodological method of visual reconstruction of the place where the hostilities took place. "
It should indicate where and how they are applied methodological techniques... This column also outlines a variant of a logical transition to the next subtopic, gives recommendations on showing the materials of the "guide's portfolio", includes tips on using the movement of tourists relative to objects as a methodological technique (for example, "After observing the object and the guide's story, tourists can independently continue their acquaintance with object "," The tour guide should explain the terms ... "," When showing the battlefield, it is necessary to orient the sightseers ... ", etc.).
Drawing up an individual text
Excursion practice proceeds from the fact that the basis of the guide's story is individual text, which determines the sequence and completeness of the presentation of thoughts, helps the guide to logically build his story. Each guide composes such a text independently. The reference text is the basis for the individual text.
All individual texts with a good control text will have identical content, but different turns of speech, different words, different sequence in the story, may even be different factsconfirming the same position. Naturally, all guides, being at the same object, will say the same thing.
You should not hide the control text from those who are developing a new excursion for themselves, since a creative group of the most trained guides worked on the control text, and the guide preparing a new topic for himself will not be able to achieve what was done before him by collective efforts. After the preliminary work of the guide on a new topic is completed (collection, study and primary processing of the material), he is allowed to familiarize himself with the control text. This will help him select material for the story, determine the optimal number of examples used to highlight the sub-topics, draw the right conclusions on the sub-topics of the excursion and in general. The reference to the control text, made on time, guarantees a higher level of preparation of the beginner for the excursion.
The main difference between the individual text and the control one is that it reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in full accordance with the methodological development of the excursion. The material is placed in the order in which the objects are shown, and has a clear division into parts. Each of them is dedicated to one of the subtopics. An individual text composed in accordance with these requirements is a story ready for "use". The individual text contains a full statement of what should be told during the excursion. When presenting the essence of historical events, there should be no abbreviations or assessments of their significance.
It is also not allowed to mention facts without their dating, references to sources. At the same time, this type of text reflects the peculiarities of the "performer" speech. The guide's story consists, as it were, of separate parts tied to visual objects. These parts are combined by conclusions for each subtopic and logical transitions between subtopics (and objects). In an individual text, each subtopic is a separate story, suitable for use during the excursion.
When composing an individual text, its author should not forget about the logic of the sounding speech, about the fact that the word and the image (object) act, as a rule, on the feeling of sightseers synchronously. Striving for liveliness in the presentation of material on excursions should not lead to attempts to entertain tourists. When deciding on the combination of cognitive and entertaining elements on an excursion, the matter should be resolved according to the formula: maximum cognitive and minimum entertainment. The question of legends has a special place in the preparation of the excursion. Only legends can be used in excursions.
In terms of their content, both texts (control and individual) coincide. And this means that in the presence of a correctly composed test text, all guides who have mastered this topic have "standard" excursions. They are the same in their content, they coincide in the assessments of historical events and facts in the conclusions that they draw on individual sub-topics and on the topic as a whole.
While analyzing one and the same visual object, the guides show and tell the same thing. This is the meaning of the control text as a standard.
However, if the content is equal, the guides can use different turns of speech, can present the recommended facts, figures and examples in a different sequence. The individuality of the excursion lies in the fact that the guides leading the excursion on the same topic may have varying degrees of emotionality. They can, being at the same object, use different presentation techniques and forms of story. The same position can be disclosed in different examples. The text should be written in the first person and express your personality.
Storytelling and individual text
The success of the story depends on how close the individual text is to the generally accepted speech, how it takes into account the speech characteristics of that particular guide to whom this text belongs. "The degree of influence on our consciousness of various texts depends on many reasons and conditions (logic, evidence, novelty of the topic and information, psychological attitude of the author to influence or its absence, etc.)." However, speech, its properties, structure, features play an equally important role.
The individual texts of almost all guides on the same topic are characterized by similarities in the content and presentation of the material, in the assessment of historical events, facts and examples. However, the stories of all guides are individual. How is the individuality of the guide expressed? All guides, conducting excursions on the same topic, tell the same thing, but they speak differently. Their story is the same in content, but in form, use of vocabulary, and emotional level is different.
The method requires the guide to remember the significant difference between the speech of the lecturer and the guide when compiling an individual text.
During the excursion, the guide "hurries" objects that need to be shown to the group. Two or three hours allotted for the excursion, the stay of the tourists on their feet and in the open air force the guide to speak briefly, clearly characterize the monuments in front of the group, and concisely talk about the events connected with them.
The duration of the story should not exceed the time that the monument is able to attract the attention of tourists. Most often it is five to seven minutes. If this time is not observed, then no liveliness of the story, no methodological techniques can restore the attention of the tourists. It is not by chance that the term "object language" is used in the methodological literature. One of the tasks of the guide is to make the object "speak".
The technique of using individual text
The guide, just like the lecturer, can use his individual text during the excursion. For ease of use, it is recommended that they transfer the content of the story to special cards, where brief information about the object, the main thoughts of the story, individual quotes, and historical dates are recorded. For each subtopic, several cards are filled out (usually according to the number of main questions).
Using the cards, the guide does not read their content during the excursion, but only by looking into them, he recalls the content of the story. If there is a significant break between objects during the excursion, the guide can look at the cards again, refresh the story material in his memory. Most often, cards are used as a synopsis of a story in preparation for an excursion. Exceptions are those cards on which quotations and large excerpts from works of art are entered, the content of which forms the basis of the literary montage technique. On excursions, they are read in full.
The card should be easy to use. A small size is recommended, about a quarter of a sheet of thick writing paper, suitable for long-term use. The cards have serial numbers and are added before the excursion, taking into account the sequence of the revealed subtopics.
The use of cards on the excursion is the right of every guide, but with the acquisition of experience, they no longer need it. The fact that the cards are at hand and can be used at the right time gives the guide confidence in his knowledge.
The presence of an individual text does not mean that all of it must be memorized and conveyed to the tourists word for word.
Logical transitions
The creators of the excursion are tasked with linking the content of all sub-topics into a single whole. It is solved with logical transitions, which should be considered as an important, although not of independent importance, part of the excursion. Well-composed logical transitions give the excursion harmony, ensure consistency in the presentation of the material, and are a guarantee that the next subtopic will be perceived with interest.
Often in excursions, when moving from one subtopic to another, they use formal (constructive) transitions... A formal transition is a transition that is not related to the content of the excursion and is not a "bridge" from one part of the excursion to another. (For example, "Now let's go through the square", "Now we will follow on with you", "Let's see another remarkable place"). However, one should not deny the legitimacy of using such transitions in general and consider them one of the mistakes in excursion work.
In those cases when the movement between objects takes a few seconds, such transitions are inevitable: (For example, "Now look here" or "Please pay attention to the monument located nearby"). Such transitions are inevitable when examining expositions in museums and at exhibitions, where halls, thematic sections and separate stands dedicated to various sub-themes are located close to each other. Constructive passage, not being a "transitional bridge" between sub-themes, directs excursionists to familiarize themselves with the next object.
More efficient logical transition related to the theme of the excursion... Such a transition can begin before the group moves to the next stop, or it can end at a stop near the object. The logical transition is dictated not so much by the features of the excursion object, but by the content of the excursion itself, the subtopic after which this transition is made.
The duration of a logical transition is usually equal in time to the movement (transition) of the group from object to object, but it can be longer or less.
Acceptance (delivery) of excursions
In case of a positive assessment of the control text and methodological development of the excursion, as well as in the presence of a complete "tour guide's portfolio" and a map-scheme of the route, the date of acceptance (delivery) of a new excursion is assigned. Delivery of the excursion is entrusted to the head of the creative group. If he is absent due to illness or other valid reasons, one of the members of the creative group takes the tour. The heads of the excursion institution, methodological workers, members of the creative group and the methodological section, where the excursion was prepared, as well as heads of other sections, take part in the acceptance (delivery) of the excursion.
Acceptance (delivery) of the excursion is of a business nature, is carried out in the form of a creative discussion, exchange of views, identification of shortcomings. Participants in the excursion must be familiarized with its control text and methodological development, route diagram, contents of the "guide's portfolio", list of used literature, etc.
Tour approval
With a positive conclusion about the control text and methodological development, as well as on the basis of calculating the cost and determining the rate of return of a new excursion, the head of the excursion institution issues an order approving a new excursion topic and a list of guides admitted to it.
Guides who took an active part in the development of the topic and listened to on the route or during the interview are allowed to work. The conclusion of the interview is made by the methodologist of the excursion-methodical department.
All other guides, who later independently prepared this topic, conduct a test excursion in the usual way. Tour guides (regardless of work experience) are allowed to conduct an excursion on a topic that is new to them only if they have an individual text after listening and issuing the corresponding order.
findings
Mandatory documentation on the topic. Preparing a new excursion topic is a complex process. This work is considered complete when all the necessary documents have been prepared. Documentation on excursion topics is stored in the methodological office.
Table 2.2.
Documentation required for each topic
| P / p No. | Document's name | Document content |
| 1 | List of related literature | All books, brochures, articles that were used in the preparation of this excursion are listed |
| 2 | Cards (passports) of objects included in the route | Information characterizing the excursion object. Type of monument, its name, event with which it is associated, location, short description, authors and time of object creation, sources |
| 3 | Control text of the excursion | Selected and verified by sources material that reveals the topic. The content of the text reveals sub-themes and main issues, serves as the basis for the introduction, conclusion, logical transitions |
| 4 | Individual texts of the guides | The material presented by a specific guide in accordance with the methodological development, the structure of the excursion, its route. Gives the characteristics of objects and events |
| 5 | Route scheme (map) | A separate sheet shows the path of the group. The beginning and end of the route, objects of display, places for their observation, stops for the group's exit to the objects are indicated |
| 6 | "Guide's portfolio" | Folder with photographs, diagrams, maps, drawings, drawings, reproductions, copies of documents, samples of products of enterprises, other visual aids |
| 7 | Methodical development on the topic | Guided tour recommendation. Methodological techniques of display and story are called, the sequence of demonstration of objects, visual aids, the technique of conducting an excursion, taking into account a differentiated approach to tourists |
| 8 | Tour materials | Materials |
