Yakhroma red village history. The main attractions of the yachroma with photos and descriptions. Which federal district does the city of Yakhroma belong to?

The Lyamin family

Yakhromsky gateway caravel

By the way...

In the 80s of the XX century at the Yakhroma spinning and weaving mill NPP "Giperon" was developed and successfully introduced the technology of recovery of the rolls of the rewinding machine. One day, journalists came to the factory, and during an interview, the director of the factory thanked the Hyperonians, saying that as a result of their work, the company had managed to save tons of metal, increase yarn production and reduce staff turnover. Head of NPP "Hyperon" Anatoly Puzryakov was perplexed: how can plasma spraying keep weavers in their workplaces? And after the interview, I approached the director with this question. Everything turned out to be quite simple - one weaver operates 12 looms, and when they all work, the woman receives a high salary and does not want to move to another place. Thanks to the plasma installation, it became possible to maintain the serviceability of the weaving machine park at the proper level.

Local attraction - unfinished tower on Vostochnaya street

The city of textile workers

Post-war Yakhroma

As of 1924, the Yakhroma volost included 17 villages. The settlement of the banks of the Yakhroma River in these places began in the XI-XII centuries. This is evidenced by the only archaeological site - "Peremilovskoe settlement" of the Slavs. Many of these villages have a long history. For example, the village of Peremilovo is listed in documents dated 1544, the village of Andreevskoye is mentioned in the Exchange Charter of Ivan IV from 1566, Leonovo and Semeshki are recorded in the books of the beginning of the 17th century, and Pochinki, Surovtsovo, Podolino, Kovshino - in the documents of the beginning of the 18th century. By the way, in Russia they called the first peasant house with other outbuildings in a newly built village repairs.

The largest in Dmitrovsky district was considered a temple in the name of Life-giving Trinity, Nativity and Protection of the Holy Virgin, built in 1895 on the territory modern city Yakhroma. The construction was financed by the former Moscow City Mayor, the current state councilor, the owner of the Pokrovskaya Manufaktura factory Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin. He allocated several hundred thousand rubles for the construction. On July 5, 1892, the solemn laying of the temple with side-altars in the name of the Nativity and the Protection of the Most Holy Theotokos took place. Over 10 thousand people gathered for this celebration. Between the church fence and the hospital, 100 tables were installed with 100 seats each. Each guest was given a device wrapped in a napkin - two porcelain plates, a porcelain mug of Kuznetsov's production in Verbilki and a wooden spoon. The appliance came with one bottle of beer, two pounds of sausage, a pound of cooked meat, and for four a bottle of vodka. The waiters from the Metropol restaurant poured soup and served the tables.

The author of the project and the head of the construction was the famous Moscow architect Sergei Konstantinovich Rodionov (he was also the author of the almshouse in Dmitrov and the temple in the village of Sysoevo). The temple resembled the St. Petersburg Kazan Cathedral, occupied an area of 250 fathoms and at the same time could accommodate up to 4 thousand people. The building of the temple and the bell tower is made in the neoclassical style. The All-Seeing Eye is depicted on the pediments. The construction lasted for three years. The four-tiered bell tower was built at the expense of the son of Ivan Artemyevich - Semyon Ivanovich. On July 26, 1930, the beheaded, plundered temple was closed. Since that time, the premises of the cathedral were used as a vegetable storehouse, it housed a pasta factory, a furniture warehouse, and a dining room. During the Great Patriotic War, a hospital was located in the basement of the church, where the famous surgeon Pyotr Konyarov operated on wounded soldiers. Today, restoration work is underway in the church and the bell tower.

Trinity Church with a bell tower

The Yakhroma Spinning and Weaving Factory determined the future of the modern city of Yakhroma. First, a workers' settlement arose here, in which 6 thousand 716 people lived in 1924. And then, in 1940, it was given the status of a city.

The town of Yakhroma grew out of a settlement on the Yakhroma River around one of the oldest cloth factories in the Moscow region. It was founded by the landowner Ponomarev in the village of Surovtsovo in 1841. Here is what the doctor of the Moscow provincial zemstvo A.V. Pogozhev: "The factory is located in the Olgovskaya volost, in the Andreevsky parish, near the village of Surovtsovo, 57 miles from Moscow, 7 miles from Dmitrov and 6360 yards from the Moscow highway ..." After a while Ponomarev sold the factory to the merchant Kuvshinnikov, from whom it passed to another merchant, Zheleznov. After that, the manufactory changed owners like gloves, until in 1856 it fell into the hands of the Moscow businessman Kaulin, who laid the foundation for paper-making production. In 1858, on the advice of his father-in-law, Semyon Longinovich Lepeshkin, the merchant of the first guild, advisor of commerce Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, acquired the manufactory on the advice of his father-in-law. He built new production facilities, expanded existing ones, and installed steam-powered machines. In 1880, I.A. Lyamina was reorganized into the firm "Partnership of the Pokrovskaya Manufactory". Coarse calico, molexin, calico were produced from American, Egyptian, Turkmen and Transcaucasian cotton. For finishing the fabrics were sent to the printed calico Presnenskaya manufactory. In 1885, the territory of the Pokrovskaya manufactory expanded from 20 to 100 hectares. Successfully expanding his manufactory in Yakhroma, Ivan Artemyevich managed to achieve high production efficiency and quickly became rich.

Weaving shop of the Yakhroma factory

Ivan Artemievich Lyamin was born into a famous merchant family in 1822. The man was well-read, by nature intelligent, savvy and honest, but at the same time modest and pious. Lyamin received an excellent education at the Imperial Practical Academy of Commercial Sciences. Ivan Artemyevich became the most famous representative of the Lyamin family of merchants. He took an active part in the social life of Moscow, was an outstanding financier, founder of the Moscow Merchant Bank, hereditary honorary citizen, famous industrialist, philanthropist and philanthropist. Lyamin began his career as a salesman in the office of Grigory Knoop's textile store. The latter was considered the master of the entire cotton industry in Russia. The people put together a saying about him: "Every church is a priest, every factory is Knoop." Grigory Knoop married Lyamin to Semyon Lepeshkin, the owner of one of the largest textile factories in Moscow province - Voznesenskaya Manufactory. The marriage to Lepeshkin's daughter Elizaveta Semyonovna brought Ivan Artemyevich a good dowry, success and happiness. The family had nine children.

Factory rebuilding after the war

Over the past decades, more than one million Russians have lost their jobs out of one and a half million employed in the textile and light industry. Hundreds of enterprises went bankrupt and ceased to exist, including city-forming ones, on which the fate of small towns, such as Yakhroma, depends. Liquidated in the Vladimir region - "Karabanovskiy textile", "Aleksandroviskozh", "Nikologorsk spinning and weaving factory". V Krasnodar Territory- cotton and worsted-cloth factories, a tannery, Novorossiysk and Armavir sewing factories. In the Ivanovo region - the Big Dmitrovskaya manufactory, the Puchezhsky flax mill. More than 40 thousand people worked at these enterprises. And bankruptcies are still going on. Many of our products, both in price and quality, are superior to European ones. However, Russian enterprises, through the fault of their native state, become victims of dirty competition. The volume of smuggled products is more than double the level of domestic production and legal imports. Foreign giants have monopolized wholesale and retail chains. Today, the share of domestic goods on the Russian market has dropped to 20%. This is below the threshold that ensures the country's economic security (51%). In France, for example, the law stipulates that 60% of the domestic market must be occupied by domestic goods. And here it is very difficult for Russian products to break through, even on store counters. Russian light industry, as well as the agricultural sector, must never be completely destroyed, otherwise our whole country will perish.

Everyone on skis!

It is a pity that such a giant of light industry as the Yakhroma spinning and weaving factory ceased to exist in the early 90s. High-quality textiles turned out to be unnecessary for anyone on the Russian market. Huge workshops were empty, instead of spinning and weaving machines, small production of paper containers, furniture and other nonsense appeared. Yakhroma lost thousands of jobs. The physical culture movement has become a thing of the past, the construction of housing and social facilities has ceased, people remember about the improvement of the city only on the eve of big holidays. The entire burden fell on the local municipality, on the council of deputies, who are faced with the task of reviving the city of textile workers.

History of sports in Yakhroma

The physical culture movement in Yakhroma originated from folk games: skiing from the mountains on homemade skis, sledges and ice skating. Particular interest in these activities appeared already in 1908, not only among children, but also among adults. It was 1908, when simple games became widespread, and was considered the beginning of the physical culture movement in Yakhroma.
In 1910, street sports clubs of the factory village appeared, football teams were organized: "Zarya", "Red Houses", "Volna". The first football meeting of the factory workers with the British football team (almost all the production foremen in the factory, like its director, were British), the score was 1: 0 in favor of the factory workers.
On November 12, 1918, a sports club was organized in Yakhroma. This circle is headed by its organizer Nikolai Filippovich Komkov. This is the birthday of the factory sports team.
In May 1922 in Yakhroma was created (registered in Moscow) sports club "Ant - 19" at the Yakhroma factory.
In the winter of 1923, for the first time in Yakhroma, they took a great interest in a new sport - skiing. The first friendly match between skiers Yakhroma and Dmitrov is being held, as well as the first ski run on the route Yakhroma - Moscow, distance - 65 km.
In 1923-1924, the members of the circle built sports grounds for games: football, volleyball, basketball, small towns, running tracks with athletics sectors, a gymnastic town, opened a swimming pool with a springboard and an 8-meter diving platform.
In June 1924, on the initiative of N.F. Komkov, the first water station in the district was opened in Yakhroma. Masters of sports from Moscow arrived at the opening. We held competitions in diving, swimming, water polo. On June 20, the first issue of the sports newspaper "Krasniy Sport" was published. In 1924, Yakhrom residents began to play volleyball for the first time.
In 1926 - 1927, mass agitation trips on skis and bicycles took place in the region. The first relay race was held in the city.
In August 1928, at the Yakhroma stadium, the first international football meeting of the workers 'teams of Yakhroma and one of the workers' club of Finland took place. Yakhromans lost with a score of 11: 0.
In 1928 I.N. Stolbov set a kind of endurance record - 1000 km on skis in the cities of the Moscow region.
In July 1929, the editorial board of the Physical Culture magazine awarded the Yakhroma KFK with a big prize for the development of mass sports among the workers of the enterprise.
In August 1931, Yakhroma's athletes built a 50-meter swimming pool with five water lanes on the river on their own. In December, the results of the first All-Union show - the competition in physical education - were summed up. Yakhroma KFK was recognized as the best.
In 1931, in the column hall of the House of Unions, six Yakhroma sports activists Ivanov, Zolotov, Panov, Novozhilov, Spiridonov, Komkov were awarded the first grade 1 TRP badges.
In 1932, the Yakhroma KFK took first place in the second All-Union review - competition. The first TRP badge in the region was the weaving master of the Yakhroma factory N.A. Ivanov. In the first All-Union Spartakiad of Trade Unions, Yakhroma KBK was among the winners.
In 1934, the Central Executive Committee of the USSR decided to establish the title of Honored Master of Sports. The first in the Dmitrovsky district of such a high rank was awarded in 1936 by the woman from Yachrom V. Fokina.
In 1936, the physical education team entered the Krasnoye Znamya DSO.
In 1938, the team of FC Yakhroma Factory was awarded the Crystal Jug prize for the first place in the Krasnoye Znamya MOS DSO championship drawing.
In July 1939, the team consisted of 580 people. Classes were held in 10 sections.
In December 1939, the KFK of the Yakhroma factory was awarded a diploma for good results in the All-Union socialist competition. In October, the village of Yakhroma was transformed into a city.
The pre-war years were the years of the highest development of mass physical education and sports of workers in the factory. The best long distance runners are Temnov, Shebarov, Komarov, Ivanov.
During the Great Patriotic War sports Yakhroma from among the athletes gave three Heroes of the USSR: Rogov Nikolay, Kiryanov Konstantin, Khudov Peter.
In 1946, in May, the first friendly football matches between the teams Dmitrov - Dynamo, Yakhroma - Red Banner took place in May. The first post-war general - factory sports contest took place.
In December 1948, a resolution was adopted on the progress of the implementation of the committee on physical culture and sports of the directives of the party and government on the development of the mass physical culture movement in the country and the improvement of the skill of Soviet athletes. N.F. Komkov was awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the USSR. A 40-meter springboard for ski jumping has been built in Yakhroma.
In 1952, in Yakhroma, athletes under the leadership of N.F. Komkova built a 25-meter summer swimming pool.
In 1953 V. Pshenitsyn from Yakhrom became the champion in cross-country skiing among young men of the RSFSR.
In 1956, the acrobatic group of the Children's Sports School of the Yakhroma Factory took first place in the Krasnoye Znamya (Red Banner) MOS DSO championship.
A team of athletes in the amount of 14 people in 7 days completed a bicycle race along the route Yakhroma - Leningrad - Yakhroma (1500 km) dedicated to the second sports day of the peoples of the USSR.
In 1957, N. Nikiforova from Yakhrom became the USSR Master of Sports in acrobatics, V. Pshenitsyn became the USSR Master of Sports in skiing. A holiday of physical culture and sports of the USSR in skiing was held at the stadium. A holiday of physical culture and sports was held at the stadium in honor of the centenary of the factory and the fiftieth anniversary of the trade unions of the USSR. Voroshilov K.E. presented the diploma to Komkov N.F. Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
In 1959, the weightlifting team took second place in the zonal competitions of the Moscow region.
In 1961, the Yakhroma KFK was one of the first in the country to be named "Sports Club", chairman V. Shishkov. In 1961, the Yakhroma Sportivnaya Museum was opened, the organizer and director N.F. Komkov.
In 1979, the football team "Chaika" (ZhKO Yakhromskaya factory) in 1977 won the Cup "Moscow region hopes", and in 1978 and 1979 - the prizes of the club "Leather ball" of the Moscow region and participated in the All-Russian competitions.
Among the residents of Yakhroma, the names of great athletes are known who left a noticeable mark on the history of physical culture and sports of the then Soviet Union. This is the runner Valentina Fokina - multiple hurdles running world and European champion. Champion of the RSFSR in swimming Valentina Leksina, Honored Master of Sports, weightlifter Nikolai Komkov, Pyotr Morozov - multiple participant in international skiing competitions, Master of Sports of the USSR, skier Valentin Pshenitsyn, master of sports in acrobatics, pupil of the Sports School Valentina Kolobkova, champion of the RSFSR in track and field athletics who won a gold medal at the national championship Arkady Smaznov, prize-winner of track-and-field championships Viktor Shishkov, master of sports, prize-winner of major ski jumping competitions Boris Kolmykov, master of sports and prize-winner of the USSR leadership in acrobatics Nina Nikiforova.
Pshenitsyn Valentin Nikolaevich brought up 9 honored masters of sports, 4 Olympic champions Kruglov N., Alyabyev A., Kovalev G., Drachev V., five world champions and a large number of masters of sports.

Just some 5 kilometers from Dmitrov, on a hilly area along the banks of the Moscow Canal, there is a small town of Yakhroma, which arose about 170 years ago from a small settlement at a cloth factory - the Pokrovskaya Manufactory, which was later famous throughout Russia. You can get from Dmitrov to Yakhroma by bus or minibus in a few minutes, and from Moscow the way lies on rubber wheels along Dmitrovskoe highway - or by train from Savyolovskiy station in an hour and a quarter.

At the end of May, I visited this small town for walking and photographic purposes, the results of which I present to your attention - and you, dear readers, decide for yourself whether Yakhroma is worth your visit or not. By the way, this year Yakhroma turned 70 years old, since it was transformed from a working-class settlement into a city in 1940, just on the eve of the war.

So, at the very entrance to the city from Dmitrov, the monument on the mass grave "To the Heroes Who Fell in the Struggle for the Motherland", or rather to the soldiers of the 1st Shock Army, who stood to death on the outskirts of Moscow in the fall of 1941, immediately strikes the eye.

By the way, two years ago the mass grave was "renovated". Previously, a beautiful spruce grew there, planted when the monument was laid. Why it was uprooted is difficult to understand.

As you know, in the formidable days of late November - early December 1941, fierce battles between Soviet troops and German fascist troops, rushing to Moscow, took place. On November 28, the advance units of the 7th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht, operating in the Dmitrov direction, using numerical superiority in manpower and equipment, captured Yakhroma, crossed the channel to them. Moscow opposite the city and entrenched on its eastern bank.

The Nazis tried to expand the bridgehead, but the explosion on November 29 of the bridges and hydraulic structures of the canal in Dmitrov, Yakhroma and Dedenev blocked the way for a further advance of the German troops. A few days later, the soldiers of the 1st Shock Army under the command of General Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov, without waiting for the approach of all their units, on December 2 threw the Nazis behind the canal and attacked them from the south. As a result of five days of fierce fighting, the city was liberated on December 7 (having been in the occupation for only 10 days), and the Yakhroma operation became a turning point in the subsequent famous counteroffensive near Moscow.

A few dozen meters behind the monument, in a small but cozy and shady park, the Yakhroma House of Culture is located

The House of Culture was built in 1957, shortly after the end of the era of the mustachioed Leader with a pipe - but still in the then popular Stalinist Empire style. 50 years later, in 2007, a major overhaul of the building was carried out, as a result of which no one suffered. This center of culture looks pretty decent.

Finally, after passing a couple of hundred meters, we find ourselves on the main "front" square of Yakhroma. It is not at all surprising in whose honor it is named:

Of the sights of this area, the following can be noted:

Monument to a Typical Working Guy holding some kind of paper in his hands.

Upon closer examination, it turned out that an important document that a representative of the Komsomol working class presents to passers-by is the Peace Law. Moreover, pay attention to the fact that the courageous messenger holds the document in his left hand, since the right one has lost at least one finger - apparently, in the battles for this very world

Not far from the Messenger of Peace, the only fountain in the city throws up its cool jets, and nearby kids run and relax on the benches of their mothers (and sometimes dads)

On the other side of the square there is an old building, which now houses the city administration, as well as the Pyaterochka supermarket. In the left end, under a small canopy, there is a post office.

On the bulletin board next to the entrance to "Pyaterochka" you can also find such announcements, reflecting the boundless humor of the Russian people

Behind this fence hides the main city-forming enterprise of the city - the former Yakhroma manufactory, whose tall chimney is visible both from here and from almost anywhere in the city. Further passage is blocked by a formidable barrier, but there are always detour paths?

Photo borrowed with gratitude from friend yarowind

Thus, if you go around the restaurant "Honey" on the right, then along the path we go around several buildings and through the hole we get into the territory of the factory "Yakhroma Textile". I don’t know if the weavers are working now (I didn’t see any particular revival inside), but more than a hundred years ago it was a powerful enterprise ...

The foundation and subsequent prosperity of the Yakhroma textile manufactory is entirely connected with the merchant family of the Lyamin manufacturers, whose names were mentioned in the ranks of the Moscow merchants already at the end of the 18th century. The most famous representative of the family was Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin (1822-1894) - an outstanding financier and industrialist, founder of the Moscow Merchant Bank, a remarkable public figure, philanthropist and philanthropist.

Lyamin bought the Andreevskaya paper spinning and weaving manufactory in 1858. According to the name of the church in the village of Andreevskoye - the Protection of the Mother of God - Ivan Artemyevich called his enterprise the Intercession Manufactory. The young industrialist spared no expense on equipment of the first class at that time: a three-storey spinning building was built, an English steam engine and Selfactor's "mule machines" were installed for the spinning industry.

During the first decade of the "Lyamin government", at the initiative of the owner of the factory, residential houses were built for its workers, a hospital with a whole staff of doctors and paramedics, a kindergarten, a well-equipped school, and later a vocational school were opened at the factory.

For the same factory workers, already under Semyon Ivanovich Lyamin, the son and heir of Ivan Artemyevich, a cinematograph was even built for cinematographic screenings, and a power plant was built.

According to the newspaper "News of the day", at the Lyamino manufactory, all the children of the workers had the opportunity to study for free in the schools at the factory (one of them was a craft school). The factory workers had a sense of security: they were confident that they would not be fired, no matter what upheaval occurred in the Russian market; in difficult times of crisis, Ivan Artemyevich ordered to work "in the warehouse" and, without dismissing anyone, did not reduce wages.

By the way, in 1871-1873, Ivan Artemyevich was the Moscow mayor (that is, in a modern way, the mayor of Moscow), and for 30 years until his death, he was a vowel (deputy) of the Moscow City Duma. In addition, he served as the head of the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Pyzhy on Bolshaya Ordynka. And in 1875, Ivan Artemyevich received the rank of full state councilor for his outstanding social activities.

I.A.Lyamin with his wife and children. By the way, it was at the expense of Elizaveta Semyonovna Lyamina (then already a widow) that in 1898 the most beautiful church of St.

After the death of Ivan Artemyevich, the management of the factory was taken over by his son, Sergei Ivanovich Lyamin, a hereditary honorary citizen, a member of the Moscow City Duma (1889-1904 and 1905-1908).

Sergei Ivanovich launched extensive construction in Yakhroma: two barracks for 2500 people are being built, four houses for employees, two new bridges, a new brick factory, a school, a theater ... The first electric bulbs in the Dmitrovsky district lit up in the buildings and administrative buildings of the factory in 1900- m year, thanks to the efforts of their owners, who invited the well-known firm "Erickson" for electrical equipment.

An old narrow-gauge railway approaching the gates of the factory, along which nothing has been transported for a long time ...

The rates were also revised towards the maximum - the wages of workers increased. A worker of average qualification received about 20 rubles a month - an amount comparable to the payment of a teacher in a gymnasium in the city of Dmitrov.

However, menacing times for merchants and manufacturers were already approaching ...

In 1911, apparently foreseeing the coming difficult and tragic times, the Lyamins sold the factory to the famous industrialist and philanthropist Prokhorov, the head of the Prokhorov Manufactory Partnership, with whom the Lyamins had had business cooperation for a long time. This was the end of the "Lyamin period" in the history of the Pokrovskaya manufactory.

After the 1917 revolution, the descendants of the Lyamin family, in general, were forced to emigrate (in 2008, Yakhroma was visited by the great-grandson of Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin - Ivan Ivanovich Lyamin with his wife Louise, who currently live in France), and the Pokrovskaya manufactory still exists. , however, to the scope of a century ago, she is now oh, how far ...

So, after wandering a little inside the factory, we will return to Kuznetsov Square.
Another military obelisk rises in its center.

This memorial is dedicated to the memory of the inhabitants of Yakhroma, who left for the war and did not return from it ...

Another resting place for Yahromo residents with small children is Children's park adjacent to Kuznetsov Square - behind a cozy wooden fence on a specially designated area there are many houses, swings and merry-go-rounds, on which little people climb with pleasure

And next to it is a pretty flower salon "Daisy" ...

And the hardworking gnome gardeners

In the morning they squint in the sun, and at night they admire starry sky

Even though it is a city, the entourage at the entrances is quite homely

Yakhroma masterpieces

Modern school on the outskirts

Another monument to the soldiers of the 1st Shock Army who liberated the city from a short-term occupation - this time to the valiant artillerymen. The ZIS-5 gun was installed on December 3, 1966, during the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow.

The mosaic end of the house, praising the work of the Yachroma weavers - as you can see, was also very battered by the turbulent 90s, as a result of which part of the panel disappeared into space, or was expropriated by local craftsmen

Another half-abandoned red-brick object was discovered by me at the back of the Yakhroma bakery. This is a former barracks for workers who were settled at the turn of the 90s, and since then the building has gaped with empty sockets of windows and is slowly collapsing. Curiosity, of course, pushed me to get inside

Ancient history lands and origin of the name

People began to settle on the banks of the Yakhroma River since ancient times, as evidenced by the "Peremilovskoye settlement" of the Slavs - the only archaeological monument discovered in these places and dated by researchers of the XI-XII centuries. Many local villages have a long history. So, the village of Peremilovo is mentioned in documents under 1544, the village Andreevskoye is mentioned in the Exchange Charter of 1566, Semeshki and Leonovo appear in the scribes of the beginning 17th century, and the villages of Kovshino, Pochinki, Podolino, Surovtsovo - in documents from the beginning of the 18th century.

The name of the Yakhroma river, which later passed on to the city, according to one version, means “lake river” from the extinct Meryan language. According to another version, the river on which and is located got its name by chance: the Grand Duchess, who came with the prince in these places, seemed to stumble, getting out of the carriage, and cried out: "I am lame."

In the 16th century, along the Yakhroma River in the area of the present city, there was a border between the Kamensky and Povelsky stans.

Lyamin factory

The predecessor of the modern city of Yakhroma was a village that grew on the river of the same name around a cloth factory, one of the oldest in the city. The factory was founded in 1841 at the village of Surovtsovo by the landowner of the village of Adreevskoe Ponomarev. After changing several owners over the next fifteen years, in 1856 the factory passed to the Moscow merchant of the 1st guild Nikolai Ivanovich Kaulin, who laid the foundation for paper-making production. Two years later, in 1858, the factory, which by that time was called Andreevskaya, was bought by Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, a famous industrialist and public figure, founder (in 1866) of the Moscow Merchant Bank, Moscow Mayor (1871-1873). This acquisition I.A.Lyamin made under the influence of his father-in-law, a large merchant of the 1st guild Semyon Loginovich Lepeshkin.

Ivan Artemyevich gave his enterprise a new name - Pokrovskaya Manufactory, after the name of the Pokrovskaya Church in the village of Andreevskoye. Lyamin acquired the production, which at that time was in the process of reconstruction and did not spare the funds for its equipment, entrusting this business to the director F. F. Boardman. Already by 1860, under the leadership of Boardman, a three-storey spinning building was completed, an English steam engine was installed, and “Selfactor's mule machines” were installed in the spinning shop. In 1860, on 11,816 spinning spindles, yarn production amounted to 15,150 poods for a total of 195,448 rubles, 58,725 pieces of woolen cloth, calico and coarse calico were produced for 338,999 rubles. The factory employed 1,116 people.

Over the next ten years, an additional room was added to the main spinning building, English equipment was purchased, which operated from a second steam engine, and a brick factory was erected to service the production, equipped with two furnaces, two gas factories, a mechanical workshop, and a fire station. The production buildings and partly the street were now lit with gas lamps. According to the estimate of the county zemstvo, in 1870 the total cost of buildings and equipment at the factory of I.A.Lyamin was 425 thousand rubles.

In 1875, the “Pokrovskaya Manufactory Partnership” Pokrovskaya Manufactory Paper Spinning and Weaving Mill was created, its owner, Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, became the chairman of the board and also the managing director of the enterprise. From American, Turkmen, Transcaucasian, Egyptian cotton, the factory produced calico, calico, molexin. For finishing the fabrics were sent to the Presnenskaya cotton-printing manufactory.

At the initiative of the owner, dwelling houses are being built for the workers, a hospital at the factory with a staff of paramedics and doctors, a kindergarten, a school, and later a college are opening. The newspaper "News of the Day" wrote that at the Lyamin's factory, the children of workers studied at the factory's schools, including a craft one, for free. The workers were confident in the future, even during periods of crisis, Ivan Artemyevich did not fire anyone and did not reduce wages.

On July 5, 1892, on the territory of modern Yakhroma, with a large crowd of people, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity was solemnly laid. The construction of the temple, which was built at the expense of I. A. Lyamin and allocated several hundred thousand rubles for this purpose, was completed in 1895. Trinity Church at that time became the largest temple in the Dmitrov district.

After the death of Ivan Artemyevich in 1894, the management of the factory passed to his son and heir Sergei Ivanovich Lyamin, who began a large-scale reconstruction at the enterprise: new equipment was installed, a new boiler house and a power plant were built. In Yakhroma, Sergei Ivanovich launched extensive construction: a cinematograph was built for the workers, two new bridges were erected, two barracks for 2,500 people, four houses for employees, a brick factory, a theater, a school, in 1900, for the first time in the district, electric lighting was installed. In addition, workers' wages were revised upward. A middle-skilled worker now received about 20 rubles a month, this amount was comparable to the salary of a gymnasium teacher in the city of Dmitrov.

But because of the reforms of the new owner, a conflict arises with the director of the factory, Boardman. He was forced to leave Yakhroma and, offended by Sergei Ivanovich, began to obstruct him, blocking established sales markets. Re-equipment of the factory cost a lot of money, and the products sold poorly. The Board of the Partnership expressed complaints to the new management and decided to return FF Boardman to the post of director. Sergei Ivanovich Lyamin left the Pokrovskaya manufactory. Anticipating turbulent times, Boardman curtailed construction and all social programs, imposed fines.

Sergei Ivanovich's brother, Semyon Ivanovich Lyamin, who was one of the most active and authoritative vowels of the Moscow Duma, whose name was recorded in the Golden Book of the Russian Empire for 1905-1909, becomes the director of the manager of the manufactory.

In 1900, traffic on the Savelovskaya railway was opened, and the next year, next to the village, a railroad station Yakhroma, the village after that received the same name.

After the death of Semyon Ivanovich Lyamin in 1911, his widow Elena Grigorievna, realizing that she could not cope with the management of the factory and village economy, sold the factory to Prokhorov, her sister's husband, a well-known industrialist, philanthropist, head of the Prokhorovsk Manufactory Partnership, with whom the Lyamins had long collaborated ...

The last industrial upsurge at the factory in the pre-revolutionary period took place in 1910-1913, when it employed about 6 thousand people. In 1914 the volume of finished products exceeded 290 thousand poods.

After the October Revolution

After the revolution, the factory in Yakhroma was nationalized. In the summer of 1918, a new administration was appointed to the enterprise, which included L. N. Zagarin, I. A. Klyatov, F. I. Komkov, K. Mashechkin and others. In 1921, machines and machine tools started working at the factory again, much of the credit for this belonged to the first red director Klyatov.

In 1922, the first pioneer detachment appeared at school No. 1 of the village, Evgenia Vasilievna Minina became its leader. In 1923 he gave a lecture on the international situation at the Yachroma club. In the village in different time N. A. Semashko and others visited. Yakhroma was famous for its developed physical culture movement and for its athletes.

In 1924 the population of the village reached 6,700 people, and by 1926 it exceeded 8,000 people. In 1928, the Yakhroma factory settlement received the status of a workers' settlement. In 1929 a new nine-year school was opened, a bakery was built. In 1930, the villages of Krasny (of 17 residential buildings), Stakhanovsky (of 3 houses) and Gorny were built.

In 1931, the Plenum of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks issued a resolution on the construction of the Moscow-Volga Canal named after. Construction in these places took place from 1932 to 1937. forces of prisoners, located in camps along the entire length of the canal. The labor army of Dmitlag consisted of 700 thousand canal army prisoners. On April 17, 1937, the Moscow-Volga canal was filled with water, and on July 15, the first permanent navigation was opened along the canal, which was renamed in 1947 into the Moscow.

During the Great Patriotic War

In May 1941, the Yakhromskaya floodplain was declared a "people's construction", extensive work began on the development of the floodplain, but they were interrupted by the war.

On June 25, the City Party Committee decided to switch to the organization of work in wartime conditions. In August-November, the construction of defensive structures began. In October, it underwent the first German air raids, the first civilian casualties appeared. A decision is made to evacuate institutions and enterprises of the Dmitrovsky district and the city of Yakhroma.

In November - December, bloody battles were fought in the Yakhroma region against the fascist invaders who were trying to bypass them from the north. In the Dmitrov area, the enemy was advancing with two tank, two infantry and one motorized divisions. On the night of November 27-28, 1941, the advanced units of the 7th Panzer Division of the Wehrmacht, at the cost of heavy losses, captured Yakhroma and crossed to east coast channel. The 29th and 50th rifle brigades of the 1st Shock Army fought fierce battles for the liberation of Peremilovskaya from the Nazis. On November 29, in order to block the German troops' path to a further offensive, the bridges and hydraulic structures of the canal in Yakhroma, Dmitrov and others were blown up.

Yakhroma was under occupation for only 9 days. Already on December 6, a general counter-offensive of the 1st Shock Army began and on December 7, 1941, the city was liberated from the Nazi invaders, becoming the first city in the USSR liberated from the Germans.

From January to June 1942, work was carried out to restore the road bridges across the canal in Yakhroma and Dmitrov, as well as the railway bridge in Dedenev. Production at the spinning and weaving factory was partially restored. In 1943, the Dmitrovsky District was awarded the GKO Challenge Red Banner for high performance in the delivery of bread, vegetables and potatoes to the front. Three residents of Yakhroma became Heroes of the Soviet Union: Pyotr Khudov, Konstantin Kiryanov and Nikolai Rogov.

Post-war period and modernity

In 1945, large-scale restoration work was launched in the city: in fact, the buildings of the spinning and weaving factory were rebuilt, major repairs were made to the Moscow, Vodyanoy, 1st and 2nd Pochinkovskaya barracks, three kindergartens were restored, and the work of waterworks was established.

In 1946, a stadium was rebuilt in Yakhroma, at the same time the newspaper “Yakhroma Textileschik” began to appear. In 1947 a school for working youth was opened. The school of factory apprenticeship was restored. In 1951, a swimming pool was built at the stadium.

In 1952 the Yakhroma factory was completely restored. A pasta shop was opened in the Trinity Cathedral. On August 2, 1954, by a special decree, the Yakhroma Spinning and Weaving Factory was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. In 1955, school No. 2 was commissioned in the city, its first director was PK Kuznetsova. In 1956, a new House of Culture was erected on the site of the club destroyed during the war.

In 1961, the Yakhroma Sportivnaya Museum was opened, and NF Komkov became its director. In 1963 a new building of school №3 was commissioned. In 1965, a new polyclinic was opened; V.I. Remnev was appointed its chief physician. In 1966, as part of the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the defeat of German troops near Moscow in the city of Yakhroma, monuments were unveiled: the ZIS-5 cannon (December 3), the monument to the defenders of Moscow at Peremilovskaya height and the Obelisk to the killed Yakhrom residents (December 6). In 1969, a reinforced concrete bridge was built across the Yakhroma River.

In 1981, 22 large-panel 60-apartment buildings were commissioned on Lenin Street and 8 residential buildings on Bolshevistskaya Street. The construction of the microdistrict Left Bank began.

In 1992, a therapeutic department was opened in the city hospital. In 1995, services were resumed in the Trinity Cathedral. In the same year, on October 5, the eight-year school No. 1 received a new building on the Left Bank. In 1997, a sports park"Free".

On October 29, 2001, residents of Yakhrom celebrated the 160th anniversary of the factory, which was transformed into CJSC Yakhromsky Textile. In 2006, the newspaper "Yakhromskie Vesti" began to appear. In 2007, the overhauled Yakhroma House of Culture celebrated its 50th anniversary. In 2008, large-scale improvement works were carried out in the city: restored central park and a children's playground, roads and sidewalks were repaired, playgrounds were built, adjoining territories and entrances of houses were put in order.

In 2008, Yakhroma was visited by the great-grandson of the manufacturer Ivan Artemyevich Lyamin, to whom the city owes its origin, Ivan Ivanovich Lyamin with his wife Louise, who currently live in France.

The city of Yakhroma is located on the territory of the state (country) Russia, which in turn is located on the continent Europe.

Which federal district does the city of Yakhroma belong to?

Yakhroma is part of the federal district: Central.

The Federal District is an enlarged territory consisting of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In which region is the city of Yakhroma located?

The city of Yakhroma is part of the Moscow Region region.

The characteristic of a region or subject of a country is the possession of the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements included in the region.

Region The Moscow Region is an administrative unit of the state of Russia.

The population of the city of Yakhroma.

The population in the city of Yakhroma is 14,245 people.

Year of foundation of the city of Yakhroma.

Year of foundation of the city of Yakhroma: 1841.

In what time zone is Yakhroma located?

The city of Yakhroma is located in the administrative time zone: UTC + 4. Thus, you can determine the time difference in the city of Yakhroma, relative to the time zone in your city.

Telephone area code of Yakhroma

Telephone code the city of Yakhroma: +7 49622. In order to call the city of Yakhroma from mobile phone, you need to dial the code: +7 49622 and then directly the subscriber's number.

Official site of the city of Yakhroma.

The site of the town of Yakhroma, the official site of the town of Yakhroma or as it is also called the "Official site of the administration of the town of Yakhroma": http://www.yaxroma.ru.

It arose in 1841 near the village of Surovtsevo as a settlement at a cloth factory (since 1860 the Pokrovskaya Manufactory was called; the name is after the Church of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos in the neighboring village - Andreevsky) on the river. Yakhroma.

By the early 1880s. the settlement turned into a factory town, on its territory there were 72 factory buildings.

In 1901, the Savyolovskaya station was opened near the village. railroad Yakhroma. After 1917, the Pokrovskaya Manufactory was called the Yakhroma Factory, and the Yakhroma Factory and Village Council was formed in the village.

A working settlement since May 21, 1928. The city of Yakhroma since 1940, it includes a factory settlement, the village of Surovtsevo, and the village of Andreevo. Hydronym is explained from the extinct Meryan language as “lake river”; the lake origin of the river is confirmed by paleogeographic data.

In the 1930s. through the territory of Yakhroma (between the railway station and the factory settlement) the Moscow-Volga canal was dug (since 1947 - the Moscow canal).

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 the city was occupied by Nazi troops on November 28, 1941. It was liberated on December 7, 1941 by the troops of the Western Front during the Klin-Solnechnogorsk operation.