Part Two, dizzy.
In this photo, you can trace the famous path of Man-Cognac Napoleon Bonaparte. In the middle of the frame, a military school in which the future emperor studied, and on the left - the cathedral of the disabled houses, where his dust rests. In the background, almost in the center, Montparnasa is drowning in the lights - the only skyscraper in the center of the city (we will also ride it in one of the posts). And finally, in the foreground is observed broken in front of the Eiffel Tower Park Sham de Mars or simply a Marso field.
2. Lower left corner from the previous photo. She is an area of \u200b\u200bEcole Militer ( Military school, easy to translate). For this snapshot, you can conclusted a few facts about Paris life: the architecture is beautiful, the compact auto is parking compactly, and the trees in the city are trying to save. But the most wonderful is the lack of street wires. In Paris, they are hiding underground.
3. Let's see a little left. View of Pale-Bourbon (7th District, in all of them 20 and each with her mayor).
4. ZZZZ closer. The history of the damn wheel is similar to the story Eiffel Tower. Like she, the wheel was erected as a temporary construction for the celebration of Millenium. And his owner also refused to subtract his brainchild. This clown Marcel Kampyon (and he is a former clown) referred to the fact that he finances programs to combat AIDS and cancer. Ah, poor. The most piquant, however, that he led friendship with the then president of France by Jacques Chirac (who, as is known, just now sew the case). But this did not quite help, the court ruled the wheel to remove and it rolled through various European squares and fairs, however, for a while he was back to Concord Square.
5. There, far away, on high Point Paris, Montmartre Hill, is the basilica Sacre Cour. The only vineyard in the city was also sheltered, gives out several hundred liters of wine to the mountain (on the hill).
Montmartre is famous artists place (as Arbat, but not Arbat).
6. To the left. Arch, Arch, Well, who does not know her, E-e.
7. Already northwest. Paris Downtown Defense is very prudently built on the outskirts of the city. I somehow tell about him in more detail.
8. Regarding young (1937 buildings) Palace Shaio. It is museums.
9. closer. Varsovi's area in front of the palace, which is crossed by New York Avenue. In general, the topography of the city is beautiful. Not only is the hearing caress French names in principle, then you are Cennedy Avenue and Charles de Gaulle, Walter and Sevastopol boulevards, Rome Streets, Moscow and St. Petersburg (which was called Petrograd, then Leningrad).
10. Look at the south-west direction. Somewhere in the distance Versailles, but at the bottom - hay, liquid water. This river did a lot.
11. The unsuccessful white spot in the frame issues a non-professional photographer (as well as fuzzy photographs, no tripod). So lit in the night one of the many stadiums of the city, located at the foot of our tower. Thousands of devils, football playgrounds in Paris set and on them constantly chase the ball. So where the legs grow from victories at the World Championships.
12. Approach and see that even now (about 10 o'clock in the evening) someone brings together scores in the game.
13. Here is another stadium in the smoky.
14. Complete the turnover and again, now more clearly, we see the Montparnas Tower.
Going to any country, photographers are always important to know about the specifics of the current copyright law. For example, most people are informed that it is necessary to obtain the consent of the captured persons if you plan to publish their images in commercial or editorial purposes. And what about the use of famous monuments that are on the streets in the public space?
Everything is difficult here. Video Channel Half AS Interesting Published a video, which briefly outlined information about the public domain, copyright and that you can safely photograph using the Eiffel Tower as an example. Does this mean that we will not be able to photograph the famous landmark in the center of Paris? Not really. It all depends on the time of day chosen for the shooting.
In the European Union, a artistic work - a song, picture, photo, video or building - is under the action of copyright law all life of his creator and 70 years after his death. But what if the object protected by copyright is in the middle beautiful landscape? In most countries, the "Freedom of Panorama" was enshrined. This means that the shooting is permitted if copyrighted object does not protrude the center of the image.
Freedom panorama throughout the world for the images used for commercial purposes. Image: Wikimedia Commons.
However, in some EU countries, the freedom of panorama is significantly limited by law. Unfortunately, among these countries, France. And in Italy, the shooting of panoramas is prohibited in Italy, that is, the "auditorium" of Renzo Piano and other modern buildings are impossible to include in the frames.
In the case of the Eiffel Tower, whose creator died in 1923, the law on copyright has ceased to the object in 1993. Therefore, in front of the hotel Paris Las Vegas, which opened in 1999, were able to build a copy of the tower. But it is quite different things are things with photographs lit by the night of the Gustava Eiffel tower.
Legal copy of the Eiffel Tower in Las Vegas, USA. Photo: Jurgen Matern.
Flinking lights on the romantic symbol of Paris were established in 1985. Illumination is considered to be a separate work of art with their own rights. This means that there will have to wait a lot before it is possible to freely photograph Eiffel Tower at night, in accordance with the copyright law. Removal for personal use is acceptable, but it is forbidden to even share snapshots on social networks. Although the copyright owner is not a regular complaints of non-commercial use, formally on any night image of the Eiffel Tower you need to get permission from the copyright holder - the company La Société D "Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel (Sete).
Removing what other world attractions threatens troubles? Statue of Christ-Rio-de-Janeiro, Chinese Theater Grauma in Los Angeles, theatrical-concert Radio City Hall in New York, St. Peter's Cathedral in Rome - This is only a small list from the list famous seatswhich is subject to copyright law, and restrictions for commercial and / or editorial use of images are applied.
Getty Images "Intellectual Property Wiki is a useful resource to be aware of the situation in the field of intellectual property in the world. And it's time to recall the ban on the use of drones. In 2016, several tourists laid down large fines for flights of drones over the Coliseum in Rome. Similar Restrictions are also valid in other cities. Be sure to ask them before visiting new countries.
The most ambitious, famous, shocking construction of Paris, of course - Eiffel Tower. From the moment of its appearance in 1889 as an arch for the World Exhibition dedicated to Bastille, and to this day she is in the center of attention. It was also recognized as an important link of the French economy and the valuable heritage of Europe.
The history of the creation of the tower! Although the engineer Gustave Eiffel offered to disassemble the tower after the expiration of the twenty-year period of its construction, as we see, it still continues to rise simulating on a Mars.
Book a table in the restaurant on the Eiffel Tower
The most interesting thing is that the idea of \u200b\u200bthe design belongs not to Eifel, but Mauris Koshlenu is his colleague on the engineering bureau. It is in the old drawings of Maurice a leading engineer found an interested sketch of the tower.
Together with other employees, Eifel modests the idea, make up a joint patent, sends drawings to the competition, and wins. Subsequently, he redeems the right of possession, and becomes their only owner.
The amazing fact is that during work on the structure of the structure as a basis, German von Maer - Swiss professor of paleontology of the XIX century was taken as a basis. He studied the structure of the femoral bone, namely her heads in the bend and joint compounds at the angle.
He concluded that thanks to a variety of small processes of strict geometric shape, which it is covered, the body weight is distributed evenly, preventing fractures.
It is these studies of Mayer after 20 years and inspired the designers of the famous tower to give it so stable form. Even with a powerful wind, the top deviates only by 12 cm, and if it is riveted in the sun - by 18 cm due to the expansion of the metal.
Work on image
The initial type of steel lady was exclusively a model of technical progress of his time, and looked too conservative. To win the competition, it was necessary to reflect the design with decorative elements, make it more refined.
Gustaves made a proposal to decorate the tower supports with a stone, make Arches with a link between the supports and the lower floor, and also turn them into the main entrance to the exhibition. Levels also had to transform and become functional thanks to glazed rates, and the top - to gain a rounded form along with other decorations.
When the scheme gained all these innovations, the jury approved the Eiffel plan, and he received the green light for construction. Feeling the tide of enthusiasm after the first victory, he exclaimed that now France will become the world's only 300-meter flagpole owner in the world.
Be or not to be a bohemian
Delight, however, did not divide the creative elite, calculating the future building an insulting look. In the mayor of the city, letters have repeatedly came demanding to prevent the construction of such a monstrous structure, arguing that the Eiffel Tower in Paris will be a huge mistake that repel the spot hanging over the city and not combining with other architectures.
About three hundred painters, architects, musicians and writers made up protest by sending it to the city authorities, where in colorful expressions they convinced the commission to drag: "For the past 20 years, we will be forced to look at the disgusting shadow of the hated column of iron and screws stretching over the city as ink blot".
Skall Guno, Duma-Son, and the famous Novelist Gi de Maupassan installed their signatures. However, afterwards, Maupassan has repeatedly visited the restaurant, which is now called Jules Verne. When the novelist was asked why he comes there, if she does not like the Eiffel Tower, he said that there was no more space in Paris where it would be seen from this damn thing.
However, not everyone was so jar of her opponents. On Thomas Edison, she made a completely different impression, and in the guest book he wrote a welcoming word to her creator.
Construction in particular: figures and facts
It all started in 1887 on January 28, and the last afternoon, completed the construction, was December 31, 1889. For such a colossal project, it was a record-lasting period, if we consider that the height of the Eiffel Tower was 300 meters.
Tower construction! Techniques capable of lifting the details weighing up to 3 tons did not exist on this height, and therefore Eifel had to additionally invent special mobile cranes. Also, to speed up the work, most of the elements were made in advance, and the holes in them are drilled in which the connecting rivets installed.
Eiffel demonstrated unique accuracy in drawing up drawings. There were 1700 common and 3629 detailed, and the accuracy of them was 0.1 mm (3D printers are printed with such a clarity today). It is comparable to jewelry or magic, worthy of admiration, especially in our age of high technologies.
Inner world
Once in Paris, it is difficult to avoid the temptation to look at the city of love from the height of the most famous Parisian. On the initial two platforms, which are located on the vertices of 57.63 and 115.73 m; You can visit the restaurants, drink a glass of sparkling wine or book lunch.
At the third level, located at 276.13 m, visitors are waiting for the bar, astronomical and meteorological observatory. Went the tower of a lighthouse with a dome, the light of which reaches 10 km.
Sit down to the 3rd level
1792 steps rise to the top, but you are unlikely to want to make such a serious climb, especially since in 1899, two FiveS-Lill firm elevators were built for this, and passengers, rising to 175 m, passed to another cabin .
Elevator for lifting on the 2nd floor The first machines worked on hydraulic pumps, but since in winter their use was impossible, in 1983 electric motors of the "OTIS" brand came to shift, and the hydraulics is demonstrated as the exhibit to tourists.
Apartments Gustava Eifel
At the very top there is another room - the apartment, which was built specifically for the Eiffel. Although the area is quite spacious, it is simply furnished, but with the taste of man XIX century. It has separate rooms, furniture, carpets, and even the piano is a mandatory item of the elite of that time.
When it became known about the apartment in the city, there were people who wanted to buy it away or at least spend the night there, offering solid amounts, but Eifel always refused such proposals.
Staying in Paris, the engineer often arranged in his beloved shelter meeting with rich and famous people. And Edison visited it, and for ten o'clock a couple of inventors under cognac and cigars found many fascinating topics for discussion, including the phonographic-fresh invention of the famous American.
In captivity, but with proudly raised head
Eiffel Tower, year 1940 - the lift mechanism suddenly fails. This trouble happened just on the eve of the arrival of Adolf Hitler. Since the war was going, the new details had nowhere to take him, and the Führeru remained only to hide at the feet of the stroke Parisian. On this occasion, the poets did not miss the opportunity to say: "Hitler conquered France, but he could not conquer the Eiffel Tower."
Hitler planned to transmit radio signals from the lighthouse to their military units and broadcast in Paris, but it was especially the idea that the flag fluttering on the spiders of the top would be great in all corners of the city.
At the end of the summer of 1944, Hitler, annoying, which could not be climbed to the top, gives the Colonel-General Dietrich von Holtitsa order to destroy the non-conquered proudness along with the rest of the sights of Paris.
However, the order was never fulfilled, and when the occupiers left the city, who stopped for several years of elevators in a couple of hours earned again, and the news about it was passed on the radio from the tower.
The height of the Eiffel Tower!
As many as 40 years, Eiffel Tower did not have competitors in height in general, and only in the 1930s lost to the palm of Championship Chrysler Bilding in New York. Today it is height reaches 324 m due to antenna established in 2010.
Height In reality and in the photo, the tower looks a slender, sophisticated, charming beauty. As a true Frenchwoman, she loves to radically change the image from time to time, and has already managed to move a few outfits. It was painted in different colors, which ranged from yellow to reddish-brown.
Now specially developed and patented a unique tone "brown-eiffel", which is closest to the bronze tint. Every 7 years it is stained over to protect the metal from corrosion, and also replace the old details with new of the lighter, but durable alloy.
Night beauties
The iron lady loves to shine, and at the time of his own premiere in 1889, he spoiled a dozen thousand gas lamps, a pair of spotlights and a lighthouse, the rays of which had the color of three shades of the National Flag. After just a year, electric lights were spawned on it, and in 1925 she became the most ambitious advertising platform for Andre Citroen.
An advertisement was called: "Tower on fire", and thanks to 125 new electric bulbs on it, the silhouette glanced first, then the star rain was replaced, which smoothly went to the comet flight and the symbols of the zodiac, then the year of birth of the tower, the year has appeared, and the last name appeared Citroen. Worked advertising until 1934.
Parisian fashion guy received his golden dress on the last day of 1985, and in 2003, silvery lights were added to this noble brilliance. To do this, it took 4.6 million €, 20 thousand light bulbs, 40 km of wires, 30 people and several months of work. Another memorable outfit tower was wore from early July to the end of December 2008, which looked like a flag of Europe - a circle of 12 gold stars on a blue background.
Gustava Eiffel's brainchild and today remains an excellent miracle of the world. A copy of the Eiffel Tower stands in many megacities: in Copenhagen, Las Vegas, Varna, in chinese city Guangzhou, and Aktau in Kazakhstan.
Accurate copy in Las Vegas In the first 12 months of its existence, it fully popped up the cost of construction thanks to visitors, and remains the most popular attendance attendance. Every year millions of people come to date for her, and by 2002 this number exceeded 200 million.
Overview
Dream City and Champagne Bubbles
In order to spend the time at the company of the Eiffel Tower as long as possible, tickets for a tour and a restaurant can be booked in advance. Several buffets, a bar and a pair of cozy restaurants will enjoy delicious dishes, drinks and views of Paris.
On the first floor you can visit the restaurant 58 Tour Eiffel, eat sandwich, froth potatoes, croissant, drink juice or coffee, paying for Lench only 18 €. In the evening there is a choice of several main dishes and desserts, but the price increases to 82 € per person.
At the same level, there are conventional buffets in which a glass of juice and a piece of pizza will not exceed 7-8 €.
Restaurant "Jules Verne" (Le Jules Verne) But, if you are in the romantic place on Earth, you do not intend to save on pleasure, then visit the Luxury Jul Verne Restaurant at the second level. Lunch here will cost a minimum of 85 € per person, and dinner with lobster - at least 200 €.
View from the tower at night
Night Paris S. overview site Eiffel Tower on the map
However, you can enjoy and without visiting such expensive institutions. Rising to the third level, in Champagne Bar Take a glass of champagne, take a look at Paris from a bird's eye view, and feel the exception of this moment.
Video
The exact address: Champ de Mars, 5 Avenue Anatole France, 75007 Paris
Working hours: From 9:30 to 23:00, in the summer from 9:00 to 00:00
Tickets
Lift entrance (up to 2nd): Adults - 11 €, 12-14 years old - 8.5 €, children and disabled - 4 €.
Before the top: Adults - 17 €, 12-14 years old - 14,5 €, children and disabled - 8 €.
On the stairs up to 2 floors: Adults - 7 €, 12-14 years old - 5 €, children and disabled - 3 €.
Photo
Photo Gallery Eiffel Tower!
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Holidays in November
Eiffel Tower at night photo
Eiffel Tower photo
Every year, "Western values" is all better protected by laws, turning them into complete insanity * ...
According to the Société d'Exploitation de la Tour Eiffel, according to the Société D'Exploitation De La Tour Eiffel, which the highlight of the Eiffel Tower is recognized as a artistic work. Photographing at night and divided the pictures taken by snapshots, as it violates the copyright and contradicts the norms of European legislation in this area. Those who wish to remove the main attraction of Paris at night, should receive permission from the management company.
Société d'Exploitation De La Tour Eiffel is managed by the Tower of Justice De La Tour Eiffel on its website about the persecution of photographers' violators. Yes, the video shooting is also prohibited. The rationale is the same iron as the tower itself - the backlight of the Eiffel Tower is the artist's author's work, and therefore is protected by the law on copyright protection. You can photograph the tower only during the daytime when the backlight is turned off and the "author's work" is not visible.
The Sun's British newspaper specifically explains to tourists from Misty Albion that the eiffel tower's pictures taken at night can not be published even on social networks - even after a long time, you may be judged for violation of copyright.
It is impossible to evaluate such laws in the right mind. After all, any person who built his home and decorated it, may require the same. Moreover, any man who came to the street is entitled to claim compensation for damage from entering the frame - each is dressed, combed and painted in accordance with its own author's design. The same applies to photographing someone else's dog, for example. Yes, what is there to speak - graffiti on the walls of houses and even the photographed advertising poster fall under the copyright - to watch it, but not dare to take pictures.
If this is true European values, then they would be good there and remained.
P.S. Photo used in the material Photo of the Eiffel Tower is taken from the Ukrainian resource (http://globustour.com.ua/upload/file3007.jpg). All claims - in Kiev.
* - Marammus, the state of complete decline of psychophysical activity. The domestic name of the symptoms of senile dementia (seenile dementia), Alzheimer's disease.
The most recognizable landmark of Paris, a symbol of France, named after its creator of Gustav Eiffel. It is a place of real pilgrimage of tourists. The designer himself called it simply - 300-meter tower.
Eiffel Tower (Paris) - Symbol of France
Eiffel Tower ([`Aɪfəl Taʊʊr] Eye-Fəl Towr; French: Tour Eiffel) is a lattice for wrought iron tower on a Marsfield in Paris (France).
In 2006, 6,719,200 people visited the tower, and in its entire history - over 250 million people, which makes the tower of the most visited attraction of the world. Eiffel Tower (Paris) Intended as a temporary structure - she served as the entrance arch of the Paris World Exhibition of 1889. From planned 20 years after the demolition exhibition, the tower was rescued by the radio antenna, installed at the very top, was the era of the introduction of radio.
Where is the Eiffel Tower
If we talk about where is the Eiffel Tower Specifically, it stands on a Mars field opposite the Ian bridge across the Sayna River.
In addition to the Eiffel there are still some interesting and unusual towers: a falling, tilted tower and legendary.
The question is how to get to the Eiffel Tower is also very simple: you need to focus on the Bir-Hakeim station 6 of the Paris Metro. Another option is the TROCADERO line 9 station. Bus routeswhere you can get to the Eiffel Tower: 42, 69, 72, 82 and 87.
If you wish, you can see in real time to see what happens around the main attraction of Paris and see others. The web cameras of the Eiffel Tower and Paris are not so popular and developed as in New York, so they offer only a limited view of the tower.
Height of the Eiffel Tower
Height of the Eiffel Tower The spire is 324 meters (2000).
For over 40 years, Eiffel Tower was the highest building in the world, almost 2 times higher than the most high buildings The world of that time - (137 m), (156 m) and the Ulm Cathedral (161 m), while in 1930 she did not surpassed Chrysler Building in New York.
Throughout its history, the tower has repeatedly changed the color of its painting - from yellow to red-brown. The last decades of the Eiffel Tower consistently paint in the "brown-eiffel" - officially patented color close to the natural shade of bronze, which is barely distinguishable at the night photo of the Eiffel Tower.
If you want to go to Paris, then it's time to order an excursion to the Eiffel Tower in advance:
Eiffel Tower in Paris: History
Eiffel Tower in Paris It was created specifically to the World Exhibition of 1889, which was organized by the authorities to the century of the Great French Revolution.
The famous engineer Gustave Eifel introduced its project of the 300-meter iron tower to the administration of Paris, which he actually did not do. On September 18, 1884, Gustav Eiffel receives a joint patent for the project with its employees, and later redeems their exclusive right.
On May 1, 1886, an initial competition of architectural and engineering projects was opened for the future world exhibition, which was attended by 107 applicants. There were various extravagant ideas on consideration, among them, for example, a giant guillotine, which was supposed to remind the French revolution of 1789.
The Eiffel project becomes one of the 4th winners and then the engineer contributes to it final changes, finding a compromise between the initial pure engineering design and decorative option.
In the end, the Committee stops on the Eiffel Plan, although the very idea of \u200b\u200bthe tower belonged not to him, and his two employees: Mauris Köhlenu and Emil Nugje. To gather for two years such a complex structure, as the tower, it was possible only because the Eifel applied special design methods. This explains the decision of the Exhibition Committee in favor of this project.
In order for the Tower more than answering the aesthetic tastes of the demanding Paris public, the architect Stefan Sovietp suggested to sheathe the base of the Tower Stone, to link her supports and the ground floor platform with the help of majestic arches, which would be simultaneously the main entrance to the exhibition, place on the floors of the tower, spacious Glazed halls, give the tower of the tower rounded shape and use a variety of decorative elements for its decoration.
In January 1887, Eiffel, the state and the municipality of Paris signed an agreement according to which Eifel was provided to the personal use of the tower operating lease for a period of 25 years, and also provided for the payment of a monetary subsidy in the amount of 1.5 million gold francs, which was 25% of all expenses on Construction of the tower. December 31, 1888 in order to attract missing funds, a joint-stock company is being created with the authorized capital of 5 million francs. Half of this amount - the means made by three banks, the second half - personal means of the Eiffel itself.
The final construction budget amounted to 7.8 million francs. The tower paid off for the period of the exhibition, and its subsequent operation turned out to be a very profitable business.
Construction of the Eiffel Tower
Construction work for two from a small years - from January 28, 1887 to March 31, 1889 - performed 300 workers. Record time limits contributed to the drawings of extremely high quality with the exact dimensions of more than 12,000 metal parts, for the assembly of which 2.5 million rinses were used.
To finish construction of the Eiffel Tower On the appointed time, the Eifel applied, mostly made in advance parts. Initially, high cranes were used. When the design has gross them in height, mobile cranes are used specially designed by Eiffel. They moved along the rails laid for future elevators.
The first elevators on the tower were driven by hydraulic pumps. Up to our time, two historical elevators fives-lill are used, installed in 1899 in the Eastern and Western Tower Supports. Since 1983, their functioning is provided by the electric motor, and the hydraulic pumps are saved and available for inspection.
The second and third floor of the tower tied the vertical elevator created by the EDA engineer (Eiffel classmate in the Central Higher Technical School) and consisting of two mutual banks. Halfway to the site, at an altitude of 175 m. From the ground, passengers were to transfer to another elevator. Water containers installed on the floors provided the necessary hydraulic pressure.
In 1983, this lift who could not work in winter timewas replaced by the electric elevator of the "OTIS" brand. It consisted of four cabins and provided a direct message between two floors. The construction of the Eiffel Tower required special attention to security issues of continuous work. This became the greatest care of the Eiffel. Throughout construction work There was not a single death case, which was a significant achievement for that time.
The work moved slowly, but continuously. She caused Parisians who saw the tower growing in the sky, surprise and admiration. March 31, 1889, less than 26 months after the start of digging Kotlovanov, Eiffel was able to invite several more or less physically strong officials to the first lifting by 1,710 steps.
Eiffel Tower (France): Public Reaction
The structure had a stunning and immediate success. For six months of work of the exhibition, more than 2 million visitors came to Iron Damu. By the end of the year, it was possible to refund three quarters of all construction costs.
In October 1898, Eugene Duqrete conducted the first session of the telegraph connection between the Eiffel Tower and Pantheon. In 1903, General Ferrier, a pioneer in the field of wireless telegraph, applied it for his experiments. It so happened that the tower was left first for military purposes.
Since 1906, a radio station has been constantly on the tower. On January 1, 1910, Eifel extends to the rental of the tower for a period of seventy years. In 1921, the first direct broadcasting with the Eiffel Tower took place. A broad broadcasting was passed on the air, which was possible due to the installation on the tower of special antennas. Since 1922, a radio program has regularly, which was called "Eiffel Tower".
In 1925, the first attempts were made to relay from the tower television signal. Transfer of regular television programs began since 1935. Since 1957, a television tower is located on the tower, which increases the height of the steel structure to 320.75 m. In addition to it, several dozen linear and parabolic antennas are installed on the tower. They provide relaying of various radio and television programs.
During the German occupation of 1940, the French damped the elevator drive directly before the arrival of Adolf Hitler, so the Führer never climbed to her.
In August 1944, when the allies approaches Paris, Hitler ordered to general Dietrich von Koltizz, Military Governor of Paris, destroyed the tower along with the rest of the city attractions. But the background of the colts did not obey the order. Surprisingly, a few hours after the liberation of Paris, the drive of the elevator earned again.
Eiffel Tower: Interesting Facts
- The weight of the metal structure is 7,300 tons (full weight of 10 100 tons). Today, three towers could be erected from this metal. The foundation is derived from concrete arrays. The oscillations of the tower during the storms do not exceed 15 cm.
- The lower floor is a pyramid (129.2 m each side at the base) formed by 4 columns connecting at an altitude of 57.63 m arched arch; The first platform of the Eiffel Tower is located on the arch. The platform is a square (65 m in diameter).
- On this platform, the second pyramid-tower rises, formed also with 4 columns connecting the arch on which the second platform is located (at an altitude of 115.73 m) (square 30 m in the diameter).
- Four columns towering on the second platform, pyramidally approaching and gradually intertwining, form a colossal pyramidal column (190 m), carrying a third platform (at an altitude of 276.13 m), also square shape (16.5 m in diameter); It snakes a lighthouse with a dome, over which at an altitude of 300 m is a platform (1.4 m in diameter).
- The stairs (1792 steps) and elevators lead to the tower.
On the first platform, restaurant halls were erected; On the second platform, tanks with engine oil for a hydraulic lift machine (elevator) and a restaurant in a glass gallery were placed. The third platform housed an astronomical and meteorological observatory and a physical office. The lighthouse light was visible at a distance of 10 km.
The erected tower shocked the bold decision of her form. The Eiffel was cruelly criticized for the project and simultaneously accused of trying to create something artistic and uneximateable.
Together with its engineers - Most specialists, Eifel was engaged in the calculations of the wind strength, realizing that if they build the highest construction in the world, then first of all should be convinced of its resistance to wind loads.
The initial treaty with the Eiffel was about the dismantling of the tower 20 years after the construction. As it is easy to guess, he was never implemented, and the history of the Eiffel Tower continued.
Under the first balcony, the names of 72 outstanding French scientists and engineers are engraved in all four sides of the parapet, as well as those who have made a special contribution to the creation of Gustav Eiffel. These inscriptions appeared at the beginning of the 20th century and were restored in 1986-1987 by Société Nouvelle D'Exploitation De La Tour Eiffel, a venue for the operation of the Eiffel Tower. The tower itself is the property of the city of Paris.
Lighting Eiffel Tower
First lighting on the Eiffel Tower was included on the day of its opening in 1889. Then it consisted of 10 thousand gas lanterns, two spotlights and mounted on the top of the lighthouse, the light of which was painted in blue, white and red - the colors of the national flag of France. In 1900, electrical lamps appeared on the designs of the "iron lady". And the current gold lighting was first included on December 31, 1985, and it can be seen on a variety of photos of the Eiffel Tower made in recent years.
In 1925, Andre Citroen posted an advertisement on the Tower, called "Eiffel Tower on fire". About 125 thousand electric light bulbs were installed on the tower. Ten images broke out one after another: the silhouette of the Eiffel Tower, the starry rain, the flight comet, the signs of the zodiac, the year of creating the tower, the current year and, finally, the surname Citroen. This advertising campaign has been launched until 1934, and the tower was the highest place for advertising in the world.
In the summer of 2003, the tower "dressed" into a new lighting robe. For several months, the brigade of the topolars from thirty man launched the construction of the tower with 40 kilometers of wires and installed 20 thousand light bulbs made by special order one of french companies. The new illumination, which cost 4.6 million euros, reminded that for the first time turned on on the tower on the night of the new year 2000, when the tower, usually highlighted by golden-yellow lamps, dressed in a couple of seconds in a fabulous radiance winking with silver lights.
From July 1 to December 31, 2008, when France performed the functions of the EU Chairperson, a blue lighting with stars worked on the tower (resembling Europe's flag).
It consists of four levels: lower (ground), 1st floor (57 meters), 2nd floor (115 meters) and 3rd floor (276 meters). Each of them is notable in its own way.
At the lower level there are tickets where you can buy tickets to Eiffel Tower, an information booth, from where you can grab useful brochures and booklets, as well as 4 souvenir shops - one in each column of the tower. In the southern column, in addition, there is a post office, so you can directly from the foot famous facilities Send a postcard native and loved ones. Also before the start of conquest the Eiffel Tower there is an option to have a snack in the same buffet right there. From the bottom level, you can get into the offices where old hydraulic machines are installed, lifted elevators in the top of the tower. They can only be admired in the composition of sightseeing groups.
The 1st floor, which, if desired, can be climbed on foot, will delight tourists with another souvenir shop and restaurant 58 Tour Eiffel. However, in addition, here is the preserved fragment of the screw staircase, which led from the second floor to the third, and at the same time in the Eiffel office.
A lot of new things about the tower can be found by going to the center of Cineiffel, where the animation dedicated to the history of the structure is demonstrated. Children will probably be interesting to get acquainted with Hus - drawn Talisman Eiffel Tower and a character of a special children's book-guide. Also on the 1st floor, you can admire posters, photos, all kinds of illustrations of different times dedicated to the "iron lady".
On the 2nd floor, the first thing that attracts attention is the common panorama of Paris, which opens from the 115-meter height. Immediately you can replenish our reserves of souvenirs, it is necessary to find out a lot about the history of the tower on special stands, and at the same time and order a delightful lunch in the restaurant "Jules Verne".
The 3rd floor is the main goal of many tourists, in fact the top of the tower, located at an altitude of 276 meters, where elevators with transparent glasses are leading, so on the path there is a stunning view of the French capital. At the top you can pamper yourself a glass of champagne in Champange Bar. The rise in the top of the Eiffel Tower in Paris is the impressions of the rest of your life.
Restaurants Eiffel Tower
Lost or simply skip the wine glass in one of the restaurants located on the Eiffel Tower, admiring the view of Paris, "many dream of it, so that you are up to the top should be denying yourself the pleasure to visit the restaurant on the Eiffel Tower. A total of two excellent restaurants, a bar and several buffets are located in the tower.
Opened not so long ago at the 1st level of the Eiffel Tower Restaurant 58 Tour Eiffel offers its visitors as light lunches and classic lunches that can be enjoyed in a cozy and friendly restaurant atmosphere, looking at Paris from a 57-meter height. It is not very elegant, but a very pleasant place. Book a two-course dinner and a ticket for an elevator by reference below.
"Jules Verne"
The restaurant on the 2nd floor of the tower, named after the famous writer, is an excellent specimen of modern and exquisite French cuisine. Many delicacies and unique dishes combined with the design interior and impeccable setting - all this turns the usual lunch in the "Jules Verne" in the real holiday of taste.
"Champagne-bar", located on the top of the Eiffel Tower, and drinking a glass of sparkling drink in it is a kind of logical conclusion to the main attraction of Paris. You can choose a pink or white champagne, which cost within 10-15 euros per a glass.
Eiffel Tower: Tickets
As mentioned above, ticket cash regulations Located at the lowest level of the tower. The cost of an adult ticket to the top of the tower is 13.40 euros, until the 2nd floor - 8.20 euros. About the rest of the tickets can be found on this page in a separate section. In addition, tickets to Eiffel Tower can be purchased online at the site of sights.
In this case, the e-mail sent e-ticketTo print and take with you on the day of the visit. Tickets can be bought at least a day before visiting. You can book tickets for Eiffel Tower on the site where all instructions are also indicated.
