For ten years, at the initiative of UNESCO on May 20, the Volga's Day is celebrated in Russia - one of the largest rivers of the planet. Her pool takes a third of the European part of the country, passing through the territories of 15 subjects of the Russian Federation ..
/ The great river takes its beginning from a small underground key, which beats near the village of Volgheerhovye in the Tver region, then passes through the lake system united in the Uppervolzh reservoir. First large locality On the Volga - the city of Rzhev. It is just 200 kilometers from her source. It begins the shipping zone of the river.
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The great river takes its beginning from a small underground key, which beats near the village of Volgheerhovye in the Tver region, then passes through the lake system united in the Uppervolzh reservoir. The first large settlement on the Volga is the city of Rzhev. It is just 200 kilometers from her source. It begins the shipping zone of the river.
/ The next major marina on the Volga is the city of Staritsa, laid out in 1297 by Tver Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich. The main attraction of these places is the Holy Assumption men's monastery, based, according to legend, even at the beginning of the XII century by two monks of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
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The next major marina on the Volga is the city of Staritsa, laid out in 1297 by Tver Prince Mikhail Yaroslavich. The main attraction of these places is the Holy Assumption men's monastery, based, according to legend, even at the beginning of the XII century by two monks of Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
© Depositphotos / BestPhotoStudioThe former capital of the Tver Principality is the first major city on the Volga. Tver suffered a lot during the German occupation, but still many buildings of the XVII-XIX centuries have been preserved in the city. Do not miss the opportunity to stroll along the embankments of Athanasius Nikitin and Stepan Razin, and also look at the monument to Mikhail Circle.
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The former capital of the Tver Principality is the first major city on the Volga. Tver suffered a lot during the German occupation, but still many buildings of the XVII-XIX centuries have been preserved in the city. Do not miss the opportunity to stroll along the embankments of Athanasius Nikitin and Stepan Razin, and also look at the monument to Mikhail Circle.
© Depositphotos / OlgaDrozdThe main source of uninterrupted water supply of Moscow is the main source of uninterrupted water supply of Moscow - the Ivankov reservoir with a dam and a hydroelectric power station, built from the Oakograd Dubna - the largest research center in Russia in the field of nuclear physics. This city is the only settlement of the Moscow region, located on the Volga.
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The main source of uninterrupted water supply of Moscow is the main source of uninterrupted water supply of Moscow - the Ivankov reservoir with a dam and a hydroelectric power station, built from the Oakograd Dubna - the largest research center in Russia in the field of nuclear physics. This city is the only settlement of the Moscow region, located on the Volga.
/ The next stop during the trip along the Volga is cozy kimra, the town is small, but with an almost five hundred years of history. In the time of Peter I, the village located here was the center of the shoemakers of the Russian Empire. Every year in the city is held one of the largest festivals of the historical reconstruction of the "epic bank", dedicated to the traditions of the ancient Russian state and the formation of the Volga Trading Road.
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The next stop during the trip along the Volga is cozy kimra, the town is small, but with an almost five hundred years of history. In the time of Peter I, the village located here was the center of the shoemakers of the Russian Empire. Every year in the city is held one of the largest festivals of the historical reconstruction of the "epic bank", dedicated to the traditions of the ancient Russian state and the formation of the Volga Trading Road.
/ An even lower by the river is the White Town. The first mention of the settlement in this place refers to 1364. The main attractions of the "town" - "Belgorod shipyard", where they build and repair the river fleet, and the stone church of the Jerusalem icon of the Mother of God, built in 1825.
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An even lower by the river is the White Town. The first mention of the settlement in this place refers to 1364. The main attractions of the "town" - "Belgorod shipyard", where they build and repair the river fleet, and the stone church of the Jerusalem icon of the Mother of God, built in 1825.
/ At the right bank of the Volga is Kalyazin. A significant part of the city, including all its main architectural monuments, were flooded after commissioning the Uglich HPP. An old Nikolsky Cathedral was also on the way of the new reservoir. The temple was decided to disassemble, and the bell tower was left as a lighthouse. Now this is the main symbol of Kalyazin. In 2016, new bells installed on it, the ringing of which accompanies each service.
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At the right bank of the Volga is Kalyazin. A significant part of the city, including all its main architectural monuments, were flooded after commissioning the Uglich HPP. An old Nikolsky Cathedral was also on the way of the new reservoir. The temple was decided to disassemble, and the bell tower was left as a lighthouse. Now this is the main symbol of Kalyazin. In 2016, new bells installed on it, the ringing of which accompanies each service.
© Depositphotos / AfonskayaThe next stop on the tour of the Volga is an ancient Uglich, which is included in the Golden Ring of Russia. The first mention of the city refers to 1148. The most famous event in the history of Uglich occurred on May 15, 1591, when an eight-year-old son Ivan Grozny was killed here. At this place now there is a church of Dimitria on blood. There are many old monasteries in the city, as well as residential buildings of the XVIII-XIX centuries.
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The next stop on the tour of the Volga is an ancient Uglich, which is included in the Golden Ring of Russia. The first mention of the city refers to 1148. The most famous event in the history of Uglich occurred on May 15, 1591, when an eight-year-old son Ivan Grozny was killed here. At this place now there is a church of Dimitria on blood. There are many old monasteries in the city, as well as residential buildings of the XVIII-XIX centuries.
/ On the high bank of the Volga in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Rybinsky reservoir is Myskin. The city has several temples, estates and first a century preferences. Tourists who come to the city must necessarily enter local folk museums. One of them is devoted to the main symbol of the city - mouse, and by the other - the "vodka king" of the Imperial Russia Peter Smirnov.
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On the high bank of the Volga in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Rybinsky reservoir is Myskin. The city has several temples, estates and first a century preferences. Tourists who come to the city must necessarily enter local folk museums. One of them is devoted to the main symbol of the city - mouse, and by the other - the "vodka king" of the Imperial Russia Peter Smirnov.
/ On the merger of the three Volga rivers, Sheksna and Cherry, Rybinsk is located. In the city you can see buildings end of XVIII - the beginning of the 20th century, including two buildings of the Bread Exchange: to the revolution, Rybinsk was the largest in Russia by the center of trade in grain. In 2007, after the restoration, the Savior-Preobrazhensky Cathedral was opened, which in the people nicknamed the "Red Volga region". In addition, the historic center of the stone century was found in the historic center of the city.
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On the merger of the three Volga rivers, Sheksna and Cherry, Rybinsk is located. In the city you can see the construction of the late XVIII - the beginning of the 20th century, including two buildings of the Bread Exchange: to the revolution, Rybinsk was the largest in Russia by the center of trade in grain. In 2007, after the restoration, the Savior-Preobrazhensky Cathedral was opened, which in the people nicknamed the "Red Volga region". In addition, the historic center of the stone century was found in the historic center of the city.
/ Belowstream is one of the oldest russian cities Yaroslavl. He is over a thousand years old. Located at the merge of the Volga rivers and, the historic center of the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. There are more than 140 monuments of architecture, which are under the protection of the state. Yaroslavl claims the title of the capital of the Golden Ring of Russia.
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Belowstream is one of Yaroslavl's oldest Russian cities. He is over a thousand years old. Located at the merge of the Volga rivers and, the historic center of the city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. There are more than 140 monuments of architecture, which are under the protection of the state. Yaroslavl claims the title of the capital of the Golden Ring of Russia.
© Depositphotos / KrasnevskyThe next sign city on the Volga from the list of "Golden Ring" - Kostroma. In the former capital of the county principality, two monuments of Dopererovskaya Rus were preserved: complexes of the Ipatiev and Epiphany-Anastasian monasteries. In the center of the city, many buildings of the late XVIII-XIX centuries, including trading rows, fire calans, drama theater buildings and the noble assembly.
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The next sign city on the Volga from the list of "Golden Ring" - Kostroma. In the former capital of the county principality, two monuments of Dopererovskaya Rus were preserved: complexes of the Ipatiev and Epiphany-Anastasian monasteries. In the center of the city, many buildings of the late XVIII-XIX centuries, including trading rows, fire calans, drama theater buildings and the noble assembly.
© Depositphotos / YULENOCHEKKThe city is "muse" of many Russian artists, Ples spread out on the Right-Bank Volga hills. This is one of the main tourist centers Ivanovo region. The first, another Domongol fortress appeared here in the XII century. The fortifications were destroyed many times, restored and rebuilt. Scientists managed to establish the foundation of one of the towers, and the settlement at the Cathedral Mountain, where the fortress was standing, is now a monument of archeology. The city has several temples of the end of the XVII and early XIX centuries.
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The city is "muse" of many Russian artists, Ples spread out on the Right-Bank Volga hills. This is one of the main tourist centers of the Ivanovo region. The first, another Domongol fortress appeared here in the XII century. The fortifications were destroyed many times, restored and rebuilt. Scientists managed to establish the foundation of one of the towers, and the settlement at the Cathedral Mountain, where the fortress was standing, is now a monument of archeology. The city has several temples of the end of the XVII and early XIX centuries.
/ Below in the current Volga is Kineshma - another city from the list of "historical settlements" of Russia. There are several vintage temples and noble buildings of the XIX century. Once in the city, be sure to pass through the Volga Boulevard, take a look at the local artistic and historical museum, and also do not miss the opportunity to look at the biggest boots in Russia.
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Below in the current Volga is Kineshma - another city from the list of "historical settlements" of Russia. There are several vintage temples and noble buildings of the XIX century. Once in the city, be sure to pass through the Volga Boulevard, take a look at the local artistic and historical museum, and also do not miss the opportunity to look at the biggest boots in Russia.
/ In the place where the Volga merges with Okoy, travelers meet Nizhny Novgorod. Historical Center The capital of the Volga region is of course the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, and the most interesting tourist streets are Christmas and large Pokrovskaya. In the city you can walk along the longest staircase in Russia - Chkalovskaya. It consists of 560 steps.
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In the place where the Volga merges with Okoy, travelers meet Nizhny Novgorod. The historic center of the capital of the Volga region is of course the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, and the most interesting tourist streets are Christmas and large Pokrovskaya. In the city you can walk along the longest staircase in Russia - Chkalovskaya. It consists of 560 steps.
© Depositphotos / alexnikitIn the middle course, below the influx of Oka, the Volga becomes even more complete. Cheboksary are located here. Many attractions of the city are associated with the name of the native of these places Vasily Chapaev. In addition, more than 80% of the entire Russian hop grows in Chuvashia, so do not miss the opportunity to visit the beer museum and taste the local varieties of foam drink.
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In the middle course, below the influx of Oka, the Volga becomes even more complete. Cheboksary are located here. Many attractions of the city are associated with the name of the native of these places Vasily Chapaev. In addition, more than 80% of the entire Russian hop grows in Chuvashia, so do not miss the opportunity to visit the beer museum and taste the local varieties of foam drink.
© Depositphotos / MaykovnikitaThe largest city on the Volga - Kazan. The capital of Tatarstan is called the "boiler of peoples." Here, Europe is found with Asia, and the cultures of representatives of more than 100 nationalities are wondering in an amazing way. The heart of the city - Kazan Kremlin - enters the list of objects cultural heritage UNESCO.
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The largest city on the Volga - Kazan. The capital of Tatarstan is called the "boiler of peoples." Here, Europe is found with Asia, and the cultures of representatives of more than 100 nationalities are wondering in an amazing way. The heart of the city is the Kazan Kremlin - a list of UNESCO cultural heritage sites.
© Depositphotos / IrinadanceBelow between the Rolls of Volga and Sviyagi is Ulyanovsk. The first fortress designed to protect the borders of the Russian kingdom from a raider of nomadic tribes appeared here in 1648. After 330 years, Simbirsk became the center of province. Unfortunately, there are few old antique buildings in the city, and the main attractions are connected with the name of the leader of the world proletariat, which was born here.
Volga River is the longest in Europe, compared with other water bodies. She originates from the small underground stream, located near the village of Volgheerhovye, and flows into the Caspian Sea. Its path passes through a system of small and large lakes, referred to as the Uppervolzh reservoir. The mouth and source of the Volga River are conditionally divided by a reservoir into several components.
Historical data
The Volga has long been called the queen of Russian rivers. The first mention of it is found in the writings of the ancient Greek scholars of Herodotus, Ptolemy and Maccelline, who noted strength and power natural facility. The people of Arab countries said that Volga is a great river. The same thoughts are present in the Russian chronicle of the "Tale of Bygone Years".
During the time of the ancient Russia, the Volga River played an important role for the state, since it contributed to the development of economic relations with other countries. Through the main water artery, trade was carried out with Europe and Asia, which established the relationship between the North and South. The great trading path began to start from the shores of the Baltic Sea and on the system of rivers reached the Volga and the Caspian. It was transported to fabrics, clothing, fur, wax, honey, pottery, metal and wooden products. So it lasted until the time of the Mongolian yoke, after which the destroy was occurred.
After the formation of the Golden Horde, trade relations between the peoples of Northeastern Europe and South Asia resumed. The Volga trading path has achieved a special heyday in the XVII century, turning into the main road of Russia. The reservoir was used both internal and external shipments.
Volga in military and present
With development railway transport The value of the water economic route decreased, but the Volga continued to remain a transport highway through the development of port infrastructure. IN Civil War In 1917, the river was an important strategic object providing an army with food and oil.
Equally important role was played during the Second World War. Many legendary battles entered the story, the largest of them is the Stalingrad battle.
During the years of Soviet power, the river build a hydroelectric station, and it becomes the source of electricity.
Today, the Volga is often called the "economic axis of the Volga region". On her shores there are 67 Russian cities. In the upper flow of water flow, large forest arrays are stretched, down the gardens and sowing territories. The river basin is huge deposits of oil, ore, peat, natural gas. In some places, potash and cook salt are mined.
Hydrological mode
The Volga is powered by snow, soil and raindrops of the summer season. Natural annual regime is characterized by four main periods:
- High spring flood arising from the melting of snow on lowlands, lasts an average of 72 days. The maximum water lift falls on the first half of May and reaches 7-11 m.
- Sustainable summer interlene, When the water level in the river does not exceed 2-3 m.
- Autumn rain floods, Characteristic for October. The depth of the water branch at this time ranges from 3 to 15 m, depending on the region.
- Low winter land at which there is a small water level, not higher than 2-3 m.
Plots of the river
The territorial water flow is divided into three sections:
- Upper Volga Takes start from the source and extends through the forest to Nizhny Novgorod. In this place it is characterized by a rapid flow and has high hilly shores.
- Medium Volga Holds the way through the steppe zone from the Oka to the Kama, adhering to the right edge of the Volga Hills. Here it becomes full, with different shores.
- Lower Volga Moves along the forest-steppe and semi-desert zone to the Caspian Sea, capturing the territories of the Volga and Eastern European Plain, as well as the Caspian lowland.
The bottom of the river is different: sandy, or strong, stony, overgrown with a seven. In some places there is a pebble and cartilaginous soil. Climatic conditions for the river change. In the upper reaches, the average temperature in the summer reaches +20 0 C, in winter it comes to - 17 0 C. The greater length contributes to the fact that ice in different sections in the cold time is covered with ice:
- In the upper and middle course Volga freezes in November.
- In the bottom - in December.
On natural hydrological mode The reservoir is greatly influenced by reservoirs. They change many natural processes on the river, including the waters of the Volga, dissolved in it substances, biological heat.
The source and mouth of the river
The source of the queen of Russian rivers is the village of Volkhezerhich region of the Tver region. Here, at an altitude of 228 m above sea level, there are several springs, one of which gives rise to the Volga.
In the area of \u200b\u200bValdai Hills, the water stream captures small and large lakes Uppervolzh reservoir.
The mouth of the Volga is located in the Astrakhan region and forms a wide delta at the expense of a large number of sleeves that fall into the Caspian Sea. Delta Square is the largest in Europe - 19 thousand m 2. This area is famous for rich natural resources, Therefore, attracts the attention of many tourists and biologists. Here there is a large number of animals, plants and fish, which from 1919 are protected by the state in the Astrakhan Reserve. This is one of the first large natural objects in Russia, created by the Russian ornithologist V. A. Khlebnikov.
The climate in the mouth of the Volga sharply continental is slightly soft due to the fact that the Caspian Sea is located nearby. Temperature in the summer here increases to +40 0 C, in winter - decreases to -14 0 C. Snow in the area almost does not happen.
Ecological situation
From the middle of the last century, the Volga began to be used as a source of electricity. It was designed and built eight hydroelectric power plants and 9 reservoirs. Over time, industrial and agricultural enterprises were constructed. All this contributed to the worsening of the environmental situation in the region.
Experts believe that water resources of the river are subjected to large loads that are 8 times higher than the average norm in the country. In addition, on the shores of the reservoir are the most polluted cities of Russia.
Environmentalists are seriously alarmed by the current situation. These scientific research confirm that the quality of the water of the natural object is far from excellence for a variety of indicators.
According to scientists, the environmental problems of the reservoir are due to such factors:
- activities of industrial enterprises;
- storm runoff with petroleum products;
- the presence of a large amount of dams that changed the natural river mode;
- water pollution due to flowering and dieting blue-green algae;
- active navigation, sunken and abandoned swimming agents with fuel residues.
The decision of environmental problems can be government programs aimed at cleaning the river from waste and at the modernization or replacement of sewage treatment plants.
Oceans, lakes and rivers
The Volga River is a powerful water stream, carrying its waters in the European territory of Russia and flowing into the Caspian Sea. The total length from the source to the mouth is 3692 km. It is customary not to take into account individual areas of reservoirs. Therefore, officially volga length equals 3530 km. It is considered the longest in Europe. And the area of \u200b\u200bthe water basin is 1 million 380 thousand square meters. km. This is a third of the European part of Russia.
The source of Volga
The river starts its way on Valdai Hills. This is the remainshkovsky district of the Tver region. On the outskirts of the village Volkheerhovye from the ground beats several springs. One of them is considered the source of the Great River. Spring protects the chapel to which you can go on the bridge. All springs fall into a small reservoir. It flows out of it, reaching a width of no more than 1 meter and a depth of 25-30 cm. Height above sea level in this place is 228 meters.
The length of the stream is 3.2 km. He falls into the lake small velietes. It follows from it and flows into the next lake Large Verkhites. Here the river expands and turns into a river, which flows into the lake of the rod. It has 12 km long, and in a width of 1.5 km. The average depth is 5 meters, and the maximum reaches 8 meters. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe lake of 18 square meters. km. The lake is part of the Uppervolzh reservoir stretching 85 km. After the reservoir begins the upper Volga.
Great Russian River Volga
Water path of the Great Russian River
The river is conditionally divided into three large plots. This is the top, middle and lower Volga. The first major city on the water stream path - Rzhev. From the source to it 200 km. The next large settlement is the old Russian city of Tver with a population of more than 400 thousand people. Here is the Ivankov reservoir, the length of which is 120 km. Next is the Uglich reservoir with a length of 146 km. North of the city Rybinsk is a Rybinsk reservoir. This is the northernmost point of the Great River. Next, it is not going to the northeast, but turns to the southeast.
Water stream is once like its waters along a narrow valley. He crossed a number of hills and lowlands. Now these places have turned into a Gorky reservoir. On his shores are the cities of Rybinsk, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Kineshma. Above Nizhny Novgorod is a district administrative center of Gorodets. Here, the Nizhny Novgorod HPP, which forms the Gorky reservoir, stretching for 427 km.
The average Volga begins after reunion with the eye. This is the largest right influx. Its length is 1499 km. He falls into the Great Russian River in Nizhny Novgorod. This is one of major cities Russia.
Volga on the map.
Having accepted the water of Oka, the Volga River becomes wider and rushes to the east. It flows along the northern part of the Volga Hills. Near Cheboksary, the expensive of Cheboksary hydroelectric power plants and forms a Cheboksary reservoir. Its length is 341 km, the width is 16 km away. After that, the river is shifted to the southeast, and near the city of Kazan turns south.
For real mighty river The Volga becomes the kama after the sign into her. This is the largest left influx. Its length is 1805 km. Kama surpasses the Volga in all respects. But for some reason it does not fall into the Caspian Sea. This is associated with historically established names and traditions.
After reunion with Kama, the lower flow of the Great Russian River begins. It is steadily moving south towards the Caspian Sea. On her shores there are cities like Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti, Samara, Saratov, Volgograd. Near Tolyatti and Samara River forms an empty (Samara Luka), directed to the east. In this place, the water flow envelopes Togliatti mountains. Above the flow is the largest river Kuibyshev reservoir. In its area, it is considered to be 3rd in the world. Its length reaches 500 km, and the width is 40 km.
River pier in Saratov
Below in terms of Samara is a Saratov reservoir reaching a length of 341 km. It forms a dam built near the city of Balakovo.
From Samara to Volgograd River flows to the southwest. Above the Volgograd from the main water flow is separated by the left sleeve. He is called Akhtuba. Dlann sleeves is 537 km. Between Volgograd and the beginning of Akhtuba built the Volga HPP. It forms the Volgograd reservoir. Its length is 540 km, and the width reaches 17 km.
Delta Volga
Delta of the Great Russian River begins in the Volgograd area. Its length is about 160 km, width reaches 40 km. Included in the delta almost 500 channels and small rivers. This is the largest mouth in Europe. Bachtemir's sleeve forms a shipping Volga-Caspian canal. Kigach River, which is one of the sleeves proceeds through the territory of Kazakhstan. These places contain a unique flora and fauna. Here you can find Pelicans, Flamingo, as well as such a plant as a lotus.
Such vessels float along the Volga
Shipping
Significant transformations of the Volga River has undergone during the Soviet power. It built a lot of dams taking into account shipping. Therefore, ships are sadly falling from the Caspian Sea to the northern regions of the country.
Communication with the Black Sea and Don is carried out through the Volga-Don Canal. With northern lakes (Ladoga, Onega), St. Petersburg and Baltic Sea Communication is carried out through the Volga-Baltic waterway. With Moscow, the Great River is connected by the Moscow channel.
River is considered to be shipping from the city of Rzhev to Delta. It takes the most diverse industrial products. These are oil, coal, forest, food. Within 3 winter months, the water flow freezes most of its path.
The Volga has a very rich history. It is inextricably linked with a lot of most important political events. The economic value of water flow is also incommensurable. It is an essential artery that unites many regions into a single whole regions. On her shores are the largest industrial and administrative centers. Some of the millionaire cities are number 4. These are Kazan, Volgograd, Samara and Nizhny Novgorod. Therefore, the mighty water is rightfully called the Great Russian River.
Igor Tomshin
Mouth mouth river Volga
Volga is one of the most big rivers: Europe. Among the rivers of Russia, it occupies a sixth place, yielding in the area of \u200b\u200bthe catchment only by Siberian giants - Obi, Yenisei, Lena, Amur and Irtie. It takes its beginning on the Valdai hill where for the source take the key fastened with a wooden log cabin near Volgin. The source is 225 m above sea level. Complete Volga in the Caspian Sea. The length of the river is 3690 km, the pool area is 1380000 km2.
The mouth lies 28 m below the ocean level. The total fall is 256 m.
Volga proceeds through the territory of the following subjects Russian Federation (from the source to Ustya): Tver region, Moscow region, Yaroslavl region, Kostroma region, Ivanovo region, Nizhny Novgorod region, Chuvashia, Mari El, Tatarstan, Ulyanovsk region, Samara region, Saratov region, Volgograd region, Astrakhan region, Kalmykia.
Four millionaire cities are located on the Volga (from the source to Ustya): Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Volgograd.
The Volga is divided into three parts (element): the upper Volga - starts from the very source to the mouth of the Oka River, the average Volga - from the place of the Oki's sign up to the mouth of the Kama River and the Lower - from the place of kama himself until the mouth of the mouth.
At the sources, in the upper currents, on the Valdai hill, the river passes through small lakes - a large and small vertex and further, through large lakes - the rod, foam, and Voglug and Voglo (Uppervolzh reservoir).
The commander of the Volga willowfully, but the general direction of the course of the Eastern. Kazan, approaching almost the farthests of the Urals, the river turns the river to the south. A truly mighty River Volga becomes only after the kama inserted into it. Samara Volga makes its way through a whole chain of hills and forms the so-called Samara bows. Not far from Volgograd Volga comes closer to another mighty river - Don. Here the river again makes turn and flows in the southeast direction until it flows into the Caspian Sea. At the mouth, the Volga is divided into hundreds of hoses, which, before shift in the Caspian, diverge to the fan and form an extensive delta area of \u200b\u200b19 thousand.
sq.km. The Caspian Sea is an inland reservoir, or a giant lake. The mirror of its waters is located 28 m below the level of the world's ocean.
Delta is the form of the mouth of the river with ducts, which is divided by the main line.
Delta Volga is the largest river delta in Europe. It begins at the branch of the branch of the Volga Sleeve Bosan (46 km north of Astrakhan) and there are up to 500 sleeves, ducts and small rivers. Basic sleeves - Bakhtemir, Kamyzyak, Old Volga, Bold, Buzan, Akhtuba, Kigach (from them shipping Akhtuba). They form a system of smaller watercourses (width to 30-40 m and water consumption of less than 50 cubic meters. M / s) that constitute the basis of the partial network.
Due to the decrease in the level of the Caspian Sea, the Delta Square over the past 130 years has grown nine times.
At the mouth of the Volga is the city of Astrakhan. Astrakhan is the southernmost of the Volga cities. In the past - the capital of the Astrakhan Tatar Khanate. In 1717, Peter I did Astrakhan the capital of the Astrakhan province. Her landmark is the five-key Assumption Cathedral, built in Petrovsky times with a White Kremlin, built from the Saraj stone - the capital city of Golden Horde, who stood on Akhtuba.
Modern city is a city of sailors, ships, fishermen. The city is located on 11 islands at the top of the Volga delta.
Volga really needs protection. Therefore, a reserve was created at the place of the flow of the Volga in the sea. Unique Flora and Fauna Delta (sturgeon, lotus, flamingos, sparks, pelicans) from 1919 are under the protection of the state as an Astrakhan Reserve (put forward by Russia for inclusion in the World Heritage List).
Ustress Volga near Astrakhan (Caspian Sea)
Education
Volga - source. Volga - source and mouth. River Pool Volga
Volga is one of the important rivers of the world. She carries its waters through the European part of Russia and flows into the Caspian Sea. The industrial value of the river is great, 8 hydroelectric power plants are built on it, shipping is well developed, fisheries. In the 1980s, a bridge was erected through the Volga, which is considered the longest in Russia. Its total length from the source to the mouth is about 3,600 km. But due to the fact that it is not customary to take into account the places that relate to reservoirs, the official length of the Volga River is 3530 km. Among all the aquatic streams of Europe, it is the longest. It contains such major cities like Volgograd, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan. That part of Russia, which adjacent to the central artery of the country is called the Volga. A little more than 1 million km2 is the river pool. Volgazanizes a third of the European part of the Russian Federation.
Briefly about the river
The power of the Volga occurs due to snow, ground and rainwater. It is characterized by spring flood and autumn floods, as well as low water water and winter.
Freezes the Volga River, the source and the mouth of which are covered with ice almost simultaneously, in October-November, and in March-April, it begins to lean.
Previously, in the ancient centuries, it was called RA. Already in the Middle Ages, the Mentions of the Volga appeared under the name ITIL. The current name of the water flow occurred from the word on Praslani language, which in Russian is translated as "moisture". There are also other versions of the name of the Volga, but confirm them or refute so far it is impossible. 
The source of Volga
Volga, the source of which originates in the Tver region, begins at an altitude of 230 m. In the village of Volkheerhovye, there are several springs, which were combined in a reservoir. One of them is the beginning of the river. In its upper course, it flows through small lakes, and after a few meters, it turns out through the Uppervolzh (Foam, Voyg, Volgo and the Rod), this moment United in the reservoir.
Tiny swamp that his external species It is unlikely to attract tourists - this is the source of the Volga. The card, even the most accurate, will not have specific data on the start of the water flow. 
Video on the topic
Mouth of Volga
The mouth of the Volga is the Caspian Sea. It is broken by hundreds of sleeves, thanks to which a wide delta is formed, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is about 19,000 km2.
Due to a lot of water resources This area is the richest plants and animals. The fact that the mouth of the river takes the first place in the world by the number of sturgeon, is already talking about many. This river has a sufficient impact on climatic conditionswhich beneficially affect the plant and animal world, as well as on a person. The nature of this area fascinates and helps a pleasant time. Fishing here is best from April to November. Weather and the number of species of fish will never allow to return with empty hands. 
Vegetable world
In the waters of the Volga, such types of plants are growing:
- amphibian (sussak, reed, rogoz, lotus);
- water immersed (naja, rogol, element, buttercup);
- water with floating leaves (water lily, ripples, rodest, nut);
- algae (Hari, Forecofor, Hara).
The greatest number of plants is presented in the mouth of the Volga. Most often there are Ospex, wormwood, RDEST, Mokha, Solyanka, Astragal. On the meadows in large quantities, the wormwood, sorrel, benik and the strainer are growing.
Delta of the river called Volga, the source of which is also not particularly rich on the plants, there are 500 different species. Here are not the rarity of the SC, Mokha, Altea, wormwood and mint. You can find thickets blackberries and cane. On the shores of the water flow grow meadows. Stripes there is a forest. From the trees most often there are willows, ash and poplar.
Animal world
Volga is rich in fish. It dwells a lot of water animals that differ from each other with existence. In total there are about 70 species, of which 40 are commercial. One of the smallest fish pool fish, the length of which does not exceed 3 cm. It can even be confused with a thaw. But the biggest - Beluga. Its dimensions can reach 4 m. It is a fish-legend: can live up to 100 years and weigh more than 1 ton. The most important are vobla, catfish, pike, sterling, sazan, pike perch, sturgeon, bream. Such wealth not only provides products with nearby areas, but also successfully exported to other countries.
Sterlet, pike, bream, Sazan, Som, Ersh, Perch, Nalim, Herry - All these representatives of fish live in the introductory stream, and the Volga River is considered permanent place of residence. Sourish, unfortunately, does not boast so rich variety. In places where the water stream is calm and has a small depth, South Sticks live - the only representative of the pillage. And in those zones where the Volga has the most vegetation, you can meet Sazan, preferring a quiet water. Severity, herring, sturgeon, Midhog, Beluga come to the river from the Caspian Sea. From a long time, the river is considered better for fishing.
You can also meet frogs, birds, insects and snakes. On the shores very often there are curly pelicans, pheasants, white herons, swans and eaglans-Belohvosts. All these representatives are rather rare and listed in the Red Book. On the banks of the Volga, many reserved zones, it is they who help protect rare species Animals from extinction. Here you nest geese, ducks, chirks and mallands. Wild boars live in Delta, and in the nearby steppes - saigas. Very often, Caspian seals can be found at the seaside, which are quite freely settled by the water. 
Value value for Russia
Volga, the source of which is located in the village of Tver region, proceeds throughout Russia. With its water, the river is connected to the Baltic, Azov, black and white seas, as well as Tikhvin and Vyshvolotsk systems. In the Volga basin, you can find large forests, as well as rich germinating fields in various technical and grain crops. Earth in these areas are fertile, which contributed to the development of gardening and mudflow. It is necessary to clarify that in the Volga-Ural zone there are deposits of gas and oil, and near Solikamsk and the Volga region - salt deposits. 
You can not argue with the fact that the Volga has a big and rich history. It is a member of many important political events. And also plays a huge economic role, being the main water artery of Russia, thereby combining into one entire regions. It contains administrative and industrial centers, several millionaire cities. That is why this water flow is called the Great Russian River.
The first references to the Volga river are still to the ancient times when it was called as "RA". In later times - already in Arabic sources, the river was called Atel (Ethel, ITIL), which means the "Great River" or "River River". That is how the Byofan and subsequent chronicles were called in the annals.
The current name "Volga" has several versions of origin. The most likely seems the version of the Baltic Root Rounds. According to Latvian Valka, translated the "overgrown river", Volga and received its name. That is how the river looks in his upper reaches, where the Balts lived in antiquity. According to another one of the versions, the name of the river happened from the word Valkea (Finno-Ugro), which means "white" or from the Old Slavic "Volga" (moisture).
Hydrography
Since the ancient times, Volga did not lose his grandeur at all. Today it is the largest river of Russia and ranks 16th in the world among the most long rivers. Before the construction of the cascade of the reservoir, the length of the river was 3690 km, to date, this figure decreased to 3530 km. At the same time, shipping navigation is carried out by 3,500 km. In navigation, the channel plays an important role. Moscow, which acts as a binder between the capital and the Great Russian River.
The Volga connects to the following seas:
- with the Azov and Black Sea through the Volga-Don Canal;
- with the Baltic Sea through the Volga Baltic waterway;
- with the White Sea on the White Sea-Baltic Channel and Severodvin River System.
Water Volga takes their origin in the Valdai Hills area - in the spring of the village of Volga-Verkhovye, which is located in the Tver region. The height of the source above sea level is 228 meters. Next, the river carries its waters through the entire Central Russia to the Caspian Sea. The height of the fall of the river is small, because The mouth of the river is below sea level just 28 meters. Thus, in the whole distance, the river descends 256 meters, and its bias is 0.07%. The average river flow rate is relatively low - from 2 to 6 km / h (less than 1 m / s).
They feed the Volga mainly melting water, which accounts for 60% of the annual flow. 30% of the runoff comes from groundwater (they support the winter river) and only 10% bring rains (mainly in the summer). Throughout 200 tributaries fall in the Volga. But already on the latitude of Saratov, the water pool of the river is narrowed, after which the Volga flows from Kamyshin to the Caspian without support from other tributaries.
For the Volga from April to June, a high spring semi-water is characterized, which lasts 72 days. The maximum level of water lifting in the river is observed in the first half of May, when it is bottled on the floodplain territory by 10 or more kilometers. And in the lower reaches - in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, the width of the spill is 30 km in places.
For summer, it is characterized by a stable small-water intereth, which keeps from mid-June to early October. The rains in October bring with them the autumn flood, after which the period of low-water winter interopera comes when the Volga feeds on only groundwater.
It should also be noted that after the construction of a whole cascade of reservoirs and regulation of the flow, fluctuations in the water level became much less significant.
Freezes the Volga in its upper and middle course usually at the end of November. At the bottom of the ice rises in early December.
Iceshop on the Volga in the upper course, as well as on the site from Astrakhan to Kamyshin, happens in the first half of April. On the site of Astrakhan River is usually open in mid-March.
Astrakhan River remains free from ice almost 260 days a year, while at the rest of the sections this time is about 200 days. During the open water, the river is actively used for ship navigation.
The main part of the waterboance of the river falls on the forest zone located on the moststs to Nizhny Novgorod. The middle part of the river flow passes through the forest-steppe zone, and the lower part flows through the semi-desert.
Map Volga
Different Volga: Upper, Middle and Lower
According to the classification adopted today, the Volga in its current is divided into three parts:
- The upper Volga captures the site from the source to the point of the decline of Oka (in the city of Nizhny Novgorod);
- The average Volga extends from the mouth of the Okey River to the location of the kama;
- The Lower Volga begins on the mouth of the Kama River and comes to the Caspian Sea.
As for the Lower Volga, some adjustment should be made. After the construction of the Zhigulevskaya HPP, just above Samara and the facilities of the Kuibyshev reservoir, the current border between the Middle and the lower part of the river passes just at the level of the dam.
Upper Volga
In its upper course, the river paved his way through the Upper Volga Lakes system. There are interests of 3 reservoirs between Rybinsk and Tvet Tver: Rybinskoe (famous "fister"), Ivankovsky (so-called "Moscow Sea") and the Uglich VDHR. Even below, for their current, bypassing Yaroslavl and to Kostroma, the river bed passes through a narrow valley with high shores. Then a slightly higher than Nizhny Novgorod is the dam of the Gorky HPP, which forms the Gorky reservoir of the same name. The most significant contribution to the upper Volga contributes such tributaries as: Unzha, Selojarovka, Mologa and Tver.
Medium Volga
Per Nizhny Novgorod The average Volga begins. Here the river width increases more than 2 times - the Volga becomes full, reaching the width of 600 m to 2+ km. The city of Cheboksary, after the construction of the same name, the Cheboksary HPP formed a long reservoir. The reservoir area is 2190 square km. The largest tributaries of the average Volga are rivers: Oka, Sviyag, Wind and Sura.
Lower Volga
The Lower Volga begins immediately after the kama river. Here the river, indeed, can be called a mighty in all respects. Lower Volga carries its full-flowed streams on the Volga Hills. The town of Tolyatti on the Volga was built the largest reservoir - Kuibyshevsky, where in 2011 there was a disaster with the infamous ship of the Bulgaria. He supports the reservoir of the Volga HPP named after Lenin. Even below the city of Balakovo, the Saratov HPP was built. The influx of the Lower Volga is no longer so many-fashioned, it is rivers: Samara, eccer, juice, large Irgiz.
Volga-Akhtubinskaya floodplain
Below, Volzhsky from the Great Russian River is separated by the left sleeve called Akhtuba. After the construction of the Volga HPP, the beginning of Akhtuba became 6 km from the Canal, separating from the indigenous Volga. Today, the length of the Akhtuba is 537 km, the river carries its waters to the northeast in parallel to the motherboard, then approaching him, then releasing again. Together with the Volga Akhtuba forms the famous Volga-Ahtubinskaya I will understand - the real fishing eldorado. The floodplain area is permeated with numerous ducts, saturated with the filled lakes and is unusually rich in all sorts of fish. The width of Volga-Akhtubinskaya floodplain on average ranges from 10 to 30 km.
On the territory of the Astrakhan region, Volga has been doing a way to 550 km, carrying their waters on the Caspian lowland. At the 3038th kilometer of his way, the Volga River disintegrates on 3 sleeves: a bold curve, urban and trousers. And on the site from 3039 to 3053 km on the sleeves of the city and the Trussky is located the city - Astrakhan.
Below Astrakhan River makes a turn to the southwest and decays to numerous branches that form a delta.
Delta Volga
Delta Volga first begins to form in a place where one of the sleeves called Buzan are separated from the mainstream. This place is located above Astrakhan. In general, Delta Volga has over 510 sleeves, small ducts and jersics. Located Delta N. common Square In 19 thousand square kilometers. In width, the distance between the Western and Oriental Sleeve Delta reaches 170 km. In the generally accepted classification of Delta, the Volga consists of three parts: top, middle and lower. Zones of the upper and secondary delta consist of small islands separated by ducts (rods) width from 7 to 18 meters. The lower part of the Volga delta consists of very branched channels, which are transmitted to the so-called. Caspian risks, famous for their lotus fields.
Due to the decrease in the level of the Caspian Sea over the past 130 years, the area of \u200b\u200bthe Volga delta is growing. During this time, it has increased more than 9 times.
Today, Delta Volga is the largest in Europe, but is primarily famous for its rich fish reserves.
Note that the vegetable and animal world of the delta is under guard - here is the "Astrakhan Reserve". Therefore, amateur fishing of fish in the local places is regulated and is not allowed everywhere.
Economic role of the river in the life of the country
Since the 30s of the last century, the river began to produce electricity with HPP. Since then, 9 hydroelectric power plants with their reservoirs have erected on the Volga. At the moment, the river pool shelted about 45% of industry and half of all agriculture of Russia. In the Volga basin, more than 20% of the whole fish for the food industry of the Russian Federation are mined.
In the basin of the top Volga, the logging industry is developed, and in the middle and lower Volga region, grain crops are grown. Along the middle and lower flow of the river also developed gardening and gardening.
The Volga-Ural region is rich in the field of natural gas and oil. The city of Solikamsk is located in potash salt deposits. The famous Lake Baskunchak on the Lower Volga is famous not only for its healing mud, but also by the deposits of the cook salt.
Upstream on ships are transported petroleum products, coal, gravel materials, cement, metal, salt and food products. Downstream supplied forest, industrial raw materials, sawn timber and finished products.
Animal world
Tourism and fisheries on the Volga
In the mid-90s of the last century, due to economic decline in the country, water tourism on the Volga lost its popularity. The situation was possible to normalize only at the beginning of this century. But prevents the tourist business to develop an outdated material and technical base. The Volga still has boats that were built back in Soviet times (60-90 years of the last century). There are quite a lot of water tourist routes on the Volga. From Moscow alone, the boats go more than 20 different routes.
The first references to the Volga river are still to the ancient times when it was called as "RA". In later times - already in Arabic sources, the river was called Atel (Ethel, ITIL), which means the "Great River" or "River River".
The current name "Volga" has several versions of origin. The most likely seems the version of the Baltic Root Rounds. According to Latvian Valka, translated the "overgrown river", Volga and received its name. That is how the river looks in his upper reaches, where the Balts lived in antiquity.
The source of the Volga River is the beginning of the Volga River. Located in the remainshkovsky district of the Tver region.
Being from the source, you can easily step from one shore of the Great Volga to another.
The largest European River Volga begins in the South-Western Ocean Occolic Village Volkheerhovye, at an altitude of 228 meters above sea level.
A chapel is installed above the source of the Volga.
Next to the source of the Volga River are located the churches of the Olginsky Women's Monastery.
The first bridge is also located here. The length of this "crossing" is three meters.
The first large settlement from the source of the Volga is Rzhev. From the settlements located between him and the beginning of the river, two villages - Peno and Selizharovo can be noted.
Peno - urban-type settlement (since 1930), administrative center of the Penovsky district of the Tver region of Russia.
Located on the Volga River, its influx of the River Zhukop and Lake Peno.
Aged in 1906 as a transductional village, grew near the village of the same name.
During the Great Patriotic War, the German fascist troops occupied the village for several months. In the vicinity of the village operated partisan detachments. On November 23, 1941, in the village of Fascist after torture, one of the organizers of the partisan movement was shot, Komsomolka Lisa Chaykin, who in 1942 was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Stela on the place of her shooting.
House-Museum Lisa Chaykina,
Volga in the area of \u200b\u200bSelizharovo.
Selizharovo village is the administrative center of Selijarovsky district. Located on the Volga in the mouth of the Selion and Sandright Rivers. Here intersect railway Likhoslavl - Soboro and highway Rzhev - Ostimkov.
This settlement originated in ancient times on the trading path from Novgorod to Caspian. Presumably, it originated with a Selizharovo monastery, built in 1504. Initially, it was a monastery settlement, and since 1862 the settlement was named Selizharovsky Posted. Throughout it was trading. The population was engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding, various crafts.
Resurrection Church
On the left side of the Volga at the end of Tikhomirov Street, Selizharovo village is the church, built in stone in 1763 in place of two wooden ..
Troitsky Selizharovsky Monastery
Church of Peter and Paul
Next Rzhev.
Volga and Church of the Icons of the Mother of God Okovetskaya in Rzhev
Volga near Rzhev
Rzhev - Vintage city. For the first time in written sources (Novgorod Charter), he is mentioned since 1019, there is a later date - 1216.
There is no unambiguous opinion among historians yet. Later, he was part of Toropetsky Principality, from 1225 he became the center of the specific Rzhev Principality. At the beginning of the XIV century, Rzhev entered the Moscow Principality. Later was included in Novgorod, and then Tver province.
Cathedral Icons of the Mother of God Okovetskaya
Church of new martyrs and confessors of Russian
Park named after V.V. Gracinsky
Monument on the grave V.V. Grazinsky
The 27-year-old commander of V. V. Grazinsky, the commander of the detachment of 1000 bayonets, died in battle with whitewock on September 2, 1918 in the village of Morkwashi village near Kazan. His body was delivered to soldiers in Rzhev, where on September 11, 1918, he was buried with the Military Humans in the Nikolsky Garden (now Park named after Grazinsky).
Monument to Lenin on Soviet Square
Stela "Rzhev - City of Military Glory"
In Rzhev, much reminds of war.
Bridge and obelisk in honor of the heroes of the Second World War
Obelisk the heroes of the city
Bas-relief on the feet of the obelisk of the heroes of the Second World War
Alley of the Heroes of the Soviet Union - participants of the Rzhevsky battle
Rzhev seriously suffered during the Great Patriotic War. In the famous Rzhevskaya battle, which lasted from January 1942 to March 1943 and included four offensive operations, the irrevocable losses of the Soviet troops amounted to, by different estimates, more than 400,000 people.
Memorial complex to the dead warriors and internationalists and participants of other local conflicts
